MALAYSIA

POLYTECHNICS
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

MODULE J3008
FLUID MECHANICS
Farha binti Mohd Fadzli (POLISAS)
Halimah binti Mohd Yusof (POLISAS)
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BIODATA OF MODULE WRITERS

J3008 FLUID MECHANICS

Name : Farha binti Mohd Fadzli

Address : Department of Mechanical Engineering
Polytechnic of Sultan Hj Ahmad Shah
25350 Semambu
Kuantan, Pahang
Telephone No. : 03-5661300 ext. 320
e-mail : fliffypunye@yahoo.com
Qualifications : Dip. Of Mech. Eng with Education (KUiTTHO)
Position : Polytechnic Lecturer

Name : Halimah binti Mohd Yusof

Address : Department of Mechanical Engineering
Polytechnic of Sultan Hj Ahmad Shah
25350 Semambu
Kuantan, Pahang
Telephone No. : 03-5661300 ext. 320
Qualifications : Dip. Of Mech. Eng with Education (KUiTTHO)
Position : Polytechnic Lecturer
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What Do You Think Of This Module?

Title of Module: _______________________ Module Code : ___________

Student’s Name: _______________________ Registration No. : ___________

Course: ____________________________________

Module Writers: ______________________________

Please use the following scale for your evaluation:

4 Strongly Agree
3 Agree
2 Disagree
1 Strongly Disagree

Instruction : Please √ on the space provided.

No. How much do you agree with the following statements? SCALE
A. FORMAT 1 2 3 4
1 The pages are organized in an interesting manner.
2 The font size makes it easy for me to read the module.
The size and types of pictures and charts used are suitable for
3
the input.
4 The pictures and charts are easy to read and understand.
5 The tables used are well-organised and easy to understand.
6 The arrangement of the Input makes it easy for me to follow.
7 All the instructions are displayed clearly.
B. CONTENTS 1 2 3 4
8 I understand all the objectives clearly.
9 I understand the ideas conveyed.
10 The ideas are presented in an interesting manner.
11 All the instructions are easy to understand.
12 I can carry out the instructions in this module.
13 I can answer the questions in the activities easily.
14 I can answer the questions in the self-assessment.
15 The feedback section can help me identify my mistakes.
16 The language used is easy to understand.
17 The way the module is written makes it interesting to read.
18 I can follow this module easily.
19 Each unit helps me understand the topic better.
I have become more interested in the subject after using this
20
module.
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CURRICULUM GRID

The curriculum grid of this module is based on the curriculum used by Malaysian
polytechnics.

No. TOPIC UNIT Total

Hours

1 Introduction to 1 4 Hours
Fluid (4H)
Mechanics

2 Fluid Static 2 3 12 Hours

( 4 H) ( 8 H)

3 Fluid Dynamic 4 5 10 Hours

(4H) ( 6H)

4 Loses of 6 6 Hours
Energy in (6H)
Pipelines

5 Nozzle 7 4 Hours
(4H)
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UNIT 1 PRINCIPLE CONCEPTS OF FLUID MECHANICS

1.1 Temperature units
1.2 Measurement of Pressure Gauges
1.3 Physical Properties of Fluid

UNIT 2 FLUID STATIC

2.1 Pressure and Depth
2.2 Pascal Law and Hydraulic Jack
2.3 Buoyancy

UNIT 3 FLUID STATIC

3.1 Piezometer
3.2 Barometer
3.3 Bourdon Gauge
3.4 Simple Manometer
3.5 Differential Manometer
3.6 Inverted Differential Manometer

UNIT 4 FLUID DYNAMICS

4.1 Types of flow
4.2 Discharge, continuity equation and mass flowrate in pipe
4.3 The use of continuity equation

UNIT 5 FLUID DYNAMICS

5.1 Bernoulli’s Equation
5.2 The limits of Bernoulli’s Equation
5.3 Measurements of Fluids in Motion

UNIT 6 ENERGY LOSS IN PIPELINES

6.1 Velocity profile in circular pipe

6.2 Types of Head Loss in pipelines
6.3 Flow characteristic at the entrance and exit of the pipeline.
6.4 The Head Loss Equation for flowrate from the reservoir to the
horizontal and inclined pipes.
6.5 Pipeline Problems

UNIT 7 NOZZLE
7.1 Types and shapes of nozzles
7.2 Critical Pressure Ratio
7.3 Pressure, temperature and cross-sectional Area, A of a throat of
entrance and exit
7.4 Maximum mass flow
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7.5 Uses of Nozzles

MODULE GUIDELINES

To achieve maximum benefits in using this module, students must follow the
instructions carefully and complete all the activities.

1. This module is divided into 7 units.

2. Each page is numbered according to the subject code, unit and page number.

J3008 / 1 / 5

Subject Unit 1 Page Number 5

3. The general and specific objectives are given at the beginning of each unit.
4. The activities in each unit are arranged in a sequential order and the
following symbols are given:

OBJECTIVES
The general and specific objectives for each learning topic are stated
in this section.

INPUT
This section introduces the subject matter that you are going to learn.

ACTIVITIES
The activities in this section test your understanding of the subject
matter. You have to complete this section by following the
instructions carefully.

FEEDBACK
Answers to the questions in the activity section are given here
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SELF-ASSESSMENT
Self-assessment evaluates your understanding of each unit.

FEEDBACK OF SELF-ASSESSMENT
This section contains answers to the activities in the self-assessment.
.

5. You have to follow the units in sequence.

6. You may proceed to the next unit after successfully completing the unit and
you are confident of your achievement.
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GENERAL AIMS
This module is prepared for students in the third semester who are following the
Diploma in Mechanical Engineering programmes and student in fourth semester of
the Certificate programmes in Malaysian Polytechnics. It aims to expose students to
the Mechanical Engineering concept in each unit and to lead them towards self-
directed learning or with guidance from their lecturers.

PREREQUISITE SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE

The prerequisite for this module is a successful completion of module J 2006.

GENERAL OBJECTIVES
At the end of this module, students should be able to:

1. identify temperature units

2. describe the measurement of pressure gauges
3. define physical properties of fluid
4. define and differentiate between pressure and depth
5. state the Pascal’s Law and solve calculation related to a Hydraulic Jack
6. understand the concept of buoyancy
7. understand the mechanism of a Piezometer, Barometer, Bourdon Gauge
8. solve calculation involving Simple Manometer, Differential Manometer
and Inverted Differential Manometer.
9. define and differentiate the types of flow
10. define Flowrate, Continuity Equation and Mass Flowrate in horizontal pipes
and inclined pipes.
11. understand the principle of Bernoulli’s Equation
12. define the limits of Bernoulli’s Equation
13. solve calculation related to the measurements of fluids in motion
14. understand the velocity profile in circular pipe
15. differentiate the types of Head Loss in pipelines
16. determine the flow characteristic at the entrance and exit of the pipeline.
17. understand the Head Loss Equation for flowrate from the reservoir to the
horizontal and inclined pipes.
18. solve calculation problem related to the pipeline problems
19. differentiate the types and shape of nozzles
20. define Critical Pressure Ratio
21. find pressure , temperature and cross-sectional Area, A of a throat of entrance
and exit
22. define and understand the term of the maximum mass flow
23. understand the use of nozzles
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TEACHING AIDS AND RESOURCES NEEDED

1. Calculator

REFERENCES

Douglas,J.F (1993). Solving Problems in Fluid Mechanics – Volume 1; Longman;

Singapore.

Douglas,J.F, J.M Gasiorek & J.A Swaffield (1996). Fluids Mechanics – (3rd ed);
Longman; Singapore.

Eastop,T.D & A. McConkey (1983). Applied Thermodynamics For Engineering

Technologists (3rd ed); Longman; New York.

Janna, William S.(1987). Introduction To Fluid Mechanics (2nd ed); PWS Publishers;
Massachusetts.

Mohd Gomenon bin Su (1989). Teknologi Haba & Bendalir; Delta; Selangor

Munson,Bruce R, Donald F.Young &Theodore H.Okiishi(1998). Fundamentals of

Fluid Mechanics-(3rd ed);John Wiley & Sons,Inc; Canada

Prasuhn, Alan L (1980). Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics; Prentice-Hall; London

R.S Khurmi (1975). A Text Book of Hydraulics, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic
Machines; S. Chand & Co; New Delhi.