Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Gabriel Lombardi
Definitions
1 1
FL = CL "v 2 A FD = CD "v 2 A
2 2
CL = lift coefficient CD = drag coefficient
" = density
v = airspeed
! !
A = area
!
1
Bernoulli’s Law: p + "v 2 = const.
2
!
Three Explanations in decreasing BS order
– Venturi / Bernoulli
Wallace Ross, Sail Power
"The combination of the bulge of the convex shape and the inertia of the free air
stream creates a narrow channel through which the initial volume of air has to
travel.”
- air takes the same time to travel over the top and bottom
- top air has a longer path
- air flow is faster over the top
––> pressure is lower on top
737s can’t fly!
location Δv/v
0.1
root 0.23%
0 .
midspan 0.97%
-0.1 midspan 1.16%
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
outboard 1.25%
737 airfoil, outboard (1.25%)
1
p + "v 2 = const.
2
#v
#p = $ "v 2
v
#v
FL = #p A = "v 2 A
cruising altitude 35,000 ft v
#v
air density 0.38 kg/m3 CL = 2
v
airspeed 220 m/s
wing area 100 m2 lift 22,990 newton
!
takeoff mass 60,000 kg weight 588,000 newton
Venturi / Bernoulli
(“Flat plates have no lift.”)
lift force
dp dm
F= = "v
dt dt
momentum change of air
" •v = 0 v x (x,0) = 0
#v x #v z v z (x,0) = 0
+ =0
#x #z
http://www.aa.washington.edu/faculty/eberhardt/lift.htm
dp dm
F= = "v
dt dt
lift
FL = "#vL
#= $v dl
% (v u & v l )W
' FL = "(v u & v l )vLW
! 1
(
Pu " Pl = # v l 2 " v u 2
2
) viscosity ––> circulation (vorticity) ––> lift
1
= # (v l " v u ) (v l + v u )
2
$ # (v l " v u )v
FL = ( Pu " Pl ) LW
= #(v l " v u )vLW
Canaries in a truck
2 tons of canaries
2 ton truck
3 ton capacity bridge