APPENDIX A

Exercises

EA.1 Given Z 1 = 2 − j 3 and Z 2 = 8 + j 6, we have:

Z 1 + Z 2 = 10 + j 3

Z 1 − Z 2 = −6 − j 9

Z 1 Z 2 = 16 − j 24 + j 12 − j 2 18 = 34 − j 12

2 − j 3 8 − j 6 16 − j 12 − j 24 + j 2 18
Z1 / Z2 = × = = −0.02 − j 0.36
8+ j6 8− j6 100

EA.2 Z 1 = 15∠45 o = 15 cos( 45 o ) + j 15 sin( 45 o ) = 10.6 + j 10.6

Z 2 = 10∠ − 150 o = 10 cos( −150 o ) + j 10 sin( −150 o ) = −8.66 − j 5
Z 3 = 5∠90 o = 5 cos(90 o ) + j 5 sin(90 o ) = j 5

EA.3 Notice that Z1 lies in the first quadrant of the complex plane.
Z 1 = 3 + j 4 = 32 + 4 2 ∠ arctan( 4 / 3) = 5∠53.13o

Notice that Z2 lies on the negative imaginary axis.

Z 2 = − j 10 = 10∠ − 90 o

Notice that Z3 lies in the third quadrant of the complex plane.

Z 3 = −5 − j 5 = 52 + 52 ∠(180 o + arctan( −5 / − 5)) = 7.07 ∠225 o = 7.07 ∠ − 135 o

EA.4 Notice that Z1 lies in the first quadrant of the complex plane.
Z 1 = 10 + j 10 = 10 2 + 10 2 ∠ arctan(10 / 10) = 14.14∠45 o = 14.14 exp( j 45 o )

Notice that Z2 lies in the second quadrant of the complex plane.

Z 2 = −10 + j 10 = 10 2 + 10 2 ∠(180 o + arctan( −10 / 10))
= 14.14∠135 o = 14.14 exp( j 135 o )

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EA.5 Z 1Z 2 = (10∠30 o )(20∠135 o ) = (10 × 20)∠(30 o + 135 o ) = 200∠(165 o )

Z 1 / Z 2 = (10∠30 o ) /(20∠135 o ) = (10 / 20)∠(30 o − 135 o ) = 0.5∠( −105 o )

Z 1 − Z 2 = (10∠30 o ) − (20∠135 o ) = (8.66 + j 5) − ( −14.14 + j 14.14)

= 22.8 − j 9.14 = 24.6∠ − 21.8o

Z 1 + Z 2 = (10∠30 o ) + (20∠135 o ) = (8.66 + j 5) + ( −14.14 + j 14.14)

= −5.48 + j 19.14 = 19.9∠106o

Problems

PA.1 Given Z 1 = 2 + j 3 and Z 2 = 4 − j 3, we have:

Z1 + Z2 = 6 + j 0

Z 1 − Z 2 = −2 + j 6

Z 1 Z 2 = 8 − j 6 + j 12 − j 2 9 = 17 + j 6

2 + j 3 4 + j 3 − 1 + j 18
Z1 / Z2 = × = = 0.04 + j 0.72
4 − j3 4 + j3 25

PA.2 Given that Z 1 = 1 − j 2 and Z 2 = 2 + j 3, we have:

Z1 + Z2 = 3 + j 1

Z 1 − Z 2 = −1 − j 5

Z1 Z2 = 2 + j 3 − j 4 − j 2 6 = 8 − j 1

1 − j2 2 − j3 − 4 − j 7
Z1 / Z2 = × = = −0.3077 − j 0.5385
2 + j3 2 − j3 13

2
PA.3 Given that Z 1 = 10 + j 5 and Z 2 = 20 − j 20, we have:

Z 1 + Z 2 = 30 − j 15

Z 1 − Z 2 = −10 + j 25

Z 1 Z 2 = 200 − j 200 + j 100 − j 2 100 = 300 − j 100

10 + j 5 20 + j 20 100 + j 300
Z1 / Z2 = × = = 0.125 + j 0.375
20 − j 20 20 + j 20 800

PA.4 (a) Z a = 5 − j 5 = 7.071∠ − 45o = 7.071 exp(− j 45o )

(b) Z b = −10 + j 5 = 11.18∠153.43o = 11.18 exp(j 153.43o )

(c) Z c = −3 − j 4 = 5∠ − 126.87 o = 5 exp(− j 126.87 o )

(d) Z d = − j 12 = 12∠ − 90 o = 12 exp(− j 90 o )

PA.5 (a) Z a = 5∠45o = 5 exp(j 45o ) = 3.536 + j 3.536

(b) Z b = 10∠120 o = 10 exp(j 120 o ) = −5 + j 8.660

(c) Z c = 15∠ − 90 o = 15 exp(− j 90 o ) = − j 15

(d) Z d = −10∠60 o = 10 exp(− j 120 o ) = −5 − j 8.660

PA.6 (a) Z a = 5e j 30 = 5∠30 o = 4.330 + j 2.5

o

(b) Z b = 10e − j 45 = 10∠ − 45o = 7.071 − j 7.071

o

(c) Z c = 100e j 135 = 100∠135o = −70.71 + j 70.71

o

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 (d) Z d = 6e j 90 = 6∠90 o = j 6
o

PA.7 (a) Z a = 5 + j 5 + 10∠30 o = 13.66 + j 10

(b) Z b = 5∠45o − j 10 = 3.536 − j 6.464

10∠45 o 10∠45 o
(c) Zc = = 2∠ − 8.13o = 1.980 − j 0.283
3 + j4 5∠53.13o

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(d) Zd = = 3∠ − 90 o = − j 3
5∠90 o