8.acids, Bases and Salts PDF

Topic 8 –Acids, bases and salts 1
Topic 8 –Acids, bases and salts

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©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6

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9 Which statements are properties of an acid?
1 reacts with ammonium sulfate to form ammonia

2 turns red litmus blue
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10 Which row describes whether an amphoteric oxide reacts with acids and bases?
reacts with acids reacts with bases
A no no
B no yes
C yes no
D yes yes
11 11Which substance reacts with dilute sulfuric acid to form a salt that can be removed from the
resulting mixture by filtration?
A aqueous barium chloride

B aqueous sodium hydroxide
C copper
D copper(II) carbonate

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12 Germanium oxide is a white powder.
Germanium oxide reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Germanium oxide reacts with
concentrated aqueous sodium hydroxide. Germanium oxide does not dissolve when added to
water. Which type of oxide is germanium oxide?
A acidic
B amphoteric
C basic
D neutral
13 13Hydrogen chloride gas reacts with water to produce an acidic solution. The equation for the
reaction is shown.
HCl + H2O → Cl – + H3O+
Which statement describes what happens during the reaction?
A The chloride ion is formed by accepting an electron from the water.

B The hydrogen chloride loses an electron to form the chloride ion.
C The water accepts a proton from the hydrogen chloride.
D The water donates a proton to the hydrogen chloride.
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14 The apparatus shown is used to prepare aqueous copper(II) sulfate.
What are X and Y?
X Y
A copper aqueous iron(II) sulfate

B copper(II) chloride sulfuric acid
C copper(II) oxide sulfuric acid
D sulfur aqueous copper(II) chloride

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15 A white solid is insoluble in water.
When it is added to hydrochloric acid, bubbles of gas are formed.
Adding aqueous ammonia to the solution formed gives a white precipitate. Adding excess
aqueous ammonia causes the precipitate to re-dissolve.
What is the white solid?
A aluminium nitrate
B ammonium nitrate
C calcium carbonate
D zinc carbonate
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16 Information about some silver compounds is shown in the table.
compound formula solubility in water
silver carbonate Ag2CO3 insoluble

silver chloride AgCl insoluble
silver nitrate AgNO3 soluble
silver oxide Ag2O insoluble
Which equation shows a reaction which cannot be used to make a silver salt?
A AgNO3(aq) + HCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + HNO3(aq)
B Ag2O(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → 2AgNO3(aq) + H2O(l)
C Ag2CO3(s) + 2HNO3(aq) → 2AgNO3(aq) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)
D 2Ag(s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2AgCl (s) + H2(g)
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17 The diagram shows a simplified form of the Periodic Table:
W X
Y
Which elements will form an acidic oxide?
A W and Z B W only C X and Y only D Y only

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18 Which property is not characteristic of a base?
A It reacts with a carbonate to form carbon dioxide.

B It reacts with an acid to form a salt.
C It reacts with an ammonium salt to form ammonia.
D It turns universal indicator paper blue.
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19 Four stages in the preparation of a salt from an acid and a solid metal oxide are listed.
1 Add excess solid.

2 Evaporate half the solution and leave to cool.
3 Filter to remove unwanted solid.
4 Heat the acid.
In which order should the stages be carried out?
A 1→3→4→2
B 2→1→3→4
C 4→1→3→2
D 4→2→1→3
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20 The table shows the pH of four aqueous solutions, W, X, Y and Z.
substance pH
W 7
X 9
Y 2
Z 5
Universal Indicator is added to each solution.
Which row shows the colour of each solution after the indicator is added?
W X Y Z
A blue green orange red

B green blue red orange
C orange red blue green
D red orange green blue

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21 Hydrochloric acid is used to clean metals.
The acid reacts with the oxide layer on the surface of the metal, forming a salt and water.
Which word describes the metal oxide?
A alloy
B base
C element
D indicator
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22 Four steps to prepare a salt from an excess of a solid base and an acid are listed.
1 Crystallization
2 Evaporation
3 Filtration
4 Neutralisation
In which order are the steps carried out?
A 2→3→4→1
B 3→1→2→4
C 4→2→1→3
D 4→3→2→1
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23 Which two compounds give a white precipitate when their aqueous solutions are mixed?
A silver nitrate and sodium chloride

B silver nitrate and sodium iodide
C sodium hydroxide and copper(II) sulfate
D sodium hydroxide and iron(II) chloride

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24 Which statements about alkalis are correct?
1 When reacted with an acid, the pH of the alkali increases.
2 When tested with litmus, the litmus turns blue.
3 When warmed with an ammonium salt, ammonia gas is given off.
A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

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25 Which acid reacts with ammonia to produce the salt ammonium sulfate?
A hydrochloric
B nitric
C phosphoric
D sulfuric

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26 Only two elements are liquid at 20 °C. One of these elements is shiny and conducts electricity.
This suggests that this element is a ......1...... and therefore its oxide is ......2...... .
Which words correctly complete gaps 1 and 2?
1 2
A metal acidic
B metal basic
C non-metal acidic
D non-metal basic
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27 Aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to solid X and the mixture is heated.
A green precipitate is formed and an alkaline gas is given off.
Which ions are present in X?
A NH4+ and Fe2+
B NH4+ and Fe3+
C OH– and Fe2+
D OH– and Fe3+
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28 The positions of elements W, X, Y and Z in the Periodic Table are shown.
Y
X Z
Which elements form basic oxides?
A W, X and Y B W and X only C Y only D Z

only
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29 How many different salts could be made from a supply of dilute sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric
acid, copper, magnesium oxide and zinc carbonate?
A 3 B 4 C5 D6

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30 Which substance is the most acidic?
substance pH
A calcium hydroxide 12
B lemon juice 4
C milk 6
D washing up liquid 8
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31 The graph shows how the pH of soil in a field changes over time.
At which point was the soil neutral?
11 A
pH of 7 B
soil D
5 C
time
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32 Ant stings hurt because of the methanoic acid produced by the ant.
Which substance could, most safely, be used to neutralise the acid?
substance pH
A baking soda 8
B car battery acid 1
C lemon juice 3
D oven cleaner 14
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33 The diagram shows one period of the Periodic Table.
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Which two elements form acidic oxides?
A carbon and lithium C carbon and nitrogen
B carbon and neon D nitrogen and neon

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34 Compound X is tested and the results are shown in the table.
test result
aqueous sodium hydroxide is gas given off which turns damp

added, then heated gently red litmus paper blue
dilute hydrochloric acid is added effervescence, gas given off

which turns limewater milky
Which ions are present in compound X?
A ammonium ions and carbonate ions
B ammonium ions and chloride ions
C calcium ions and carbonate ions
D calcium ions and chloride ions

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35 The diagram shows an experiment.
What happens to the pieces of litmus paper?

blue litmus paper red litmus paper
A changes colour changes colour
B changes colour no colour change
C no colour change changes colour
D no colour change no colour change

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36 Two indicators, bromophenol blue and Congo red, show the following colours in acidic solutions
and in alkaline solutions.
indicator acid alkali
bromophenol blue yellow blue
Congo red violet red
A few drops of each indicator are added to separate samples of a solution of pH 2.

What are the colours of the indicators in this solution?
in a solution of pH 2
bromophenol blue is Congo red is
A blue red
B blue violet
C yellow red
D yellow violet
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37 Which are properties of an acid?
1 reacts with ammonium sulfate to form ammonia
2 turns red litmus blue
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38 Which of the following are properties of the oxides of non-metals?
property 1 property 2
A acidic covalent
B acidic ionic
C basic covalent
D basic ionic

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39 The equation shows the formation of anhydrous copper(II) sulfate from hydrated copper(II)
sulfate.
CuSO4.5H2O CuSO4 + 5H2O
Statements 1, 2 and 3 refer to this reaction.

1 Hydrated copper(II) sulfate is reduced to anhydrous copper(II) sulfate.
2 The (II) in the name copper(II) sulfate refers to the oxidation state of the metal.
3 The reaction is reversible.
Which statements are correct?
A 1 only B 1 and 2 C 2 and 3 D 3 only
40
40 Calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form carbon dioxide.
Which changes would slow this reaction down?
1 decreasing the concentration of hydrochloric acid
2 decreasing the particle size of calcium carbonate
3 decreasing the temperature
A 1 and 2 only B 1 and 3 only C 2 and 3 only D 1, 2 and 3

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41 The equations represent redox reactions.
In which equation is the underlined substance acting as a reducing agent?
A 3CO + Fe2O3 → 2Fe + 3CO2
B CO2 + C → 2CO
C CuO + H2 → Cu + H2O
D CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

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42 Ant stings hurt because of the methanoic acid produced by the ant.
Which substance could, most safely, be used to neutralise the acid?
substance pH
A baking soda 8
B car battery acid 1
C lemon juice 3
D oven cleaner 14

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43 The diagram shows one period of the Periodic Table.
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Which two elements form acidic oxides?
E carbon and lithium
F carbon and neon
G carbon and nitrogen
H nitrogen and neon

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44 Which of these pairs of aqueous ions both react with dilute sulfuric acid to give a visible result?
A Ba2+ and Cl –
B Ba2+ and CO32−
C NH4+ and Cl −
D NH4+ and CO32−

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45 Element X forms an acidic, covalent oxide.
Which row shows how many electrons there could be in the outer shell of an atom of X?
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46 Barium hydroxide is an alkali. It reacts with hydrochloric acid.
How does the pH of the hydrochloric acid change as an excess of aqueous barium hydroxide is
added?
A The pH decreases from 14 and becomes constant at 7.

B The pH decreases from 14 to about 1.
C The pH increases from 1 and becomes constant at 7.
D The pH increases from 1 to about 14.
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47 A compound is a salt if it
A can neutralise an acid.
B contains more than one element.
C dissolves in water.
D is formed when an acid reacts with a base.

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48 The results of three tests on a solution of compound X are shown in the table.
test result
aqueous sodium hydroxide added white precipitate formed, soluble in excess
aqueous ammonia added white precipitate formed, insoluble in excess

acidified silver nitrate added white precipitate formed
What is compound X?
A aluminium bromide
B aluminium chloride
C zinc bromide
D zinc chloride
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49 A gas is escaping from a pipe in a chemical plant.
A chemist tests this gas and finds that it is alkaline.
What is this gas?
A ammonia
B chlorine
C hydrogen
D sulfur dioxide
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50 The graph shows how the pH changes as an acid is added to an alkali.
acid + alkali → salt + water
Which letter represents the area of the graph where both acid and salt are present?
A
14 B
pH
C
7
D
0

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51 Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solid, S.
A flammable gas, G, is formed. Gas G is less dense than air.
What are S and G?
solid S gas G
A copper hydrogen
B copper carbonate carbon dioxide
C zinc hydrogen
D zinc carbonate carbon dioxide
52
52 Which type of reaction always forms a salt and water?
A exothermic
B neutralisation
C oxidation
D polymerisation
53
53 Which property is not characteristic of a base?
A It reacts with a carbonate to form carbon dioxide.
B It reacts with an acid to form a salt.
C It reacts with an ammonium salt to form ammonia.
D It turns universal indicator paper blue.

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54 An alloy contains copper and zinc. Some of the zinc has become oxidised to zinc oxide.
What is the result of adding an excess of dilute sulfuric acid to the alloy?
A A blue solution and a white solid remains.
B A colourless solution and a pink / brown solid remains.
C The alloy dissolves completely to give a blue solution.
D The alloy dissolves completely to give a colourless solution.

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55 A solution contains barium ions and silver ions.
What could the anion be?
A chloride only
B nitrate only
C sulfate only
D chloride or nitrate or sulfate

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56 The results of three tests on a solution of compound X are shown.
test result
aqueous sodium hydroxide white precipitate formed,

added soluble in excess
aqueous ammonia added white precipitate formed,

soluble in excess
dilute hydrochloric acid bubbles of gas

added
What is compound X?
A aluminium carbonate
B aluminium chloride
C zinc carbonate
D zinc chloride
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57 Which is not a typical property of an acid?
A They react with alkalis producing water.
B They react with all metals producing hydrogen.
C They react with carbonates producing carbon dioxide.
D They turn litmus paper red.
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58 A mixture containing two anions was tested and the results are shown below.
test result
dilute nitric acid added effervescence of a gas which

turned limewater milky
dilute nitric acid added, followed yellow precipitate formed

by aqueous silver nitrate
Which anions were present?
A carbonate and chloride
B carbonate and iodide
C sulfate and chloride
D sulfate and iodide

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59 Which reaction will result in a decrease in pH?
A adding calcium hydroxide to acid soil
B adding citric acid to sodium hydrogen carbonate solution
C adding sodium chloride to silver nitrate solution
D adding sodium hydroxide to hydrochloric acid
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60 Some barium iodide is dissolved in water.
Aqueous lead(II) nitrate is added to the solution until no more precipitate forms.
This precipitate, X, is filtered off.

Dilute sulfuric acid is added to the filtrate and another precipitate, Y, forms.
What are the colours of precipitates X and Y?
X Y
A white white
B white yellow
C yellow white
D yellow yellow
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61 The oxide of element X was added to an acid. It reacted to form a salt and water.
oxide of
element X
acid
What is the pH of the acid before the reaction and what type of element is X?
pH type of element X
A greater than 7 metal
B greater than 7 non-metal
C less than 7 metal

D less than 7 non-metal

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62 A salt is made by adding an excess of an insoluble metal oxide to an acid.
How can the excess metal oxide be removed?
A chromatography
B crystallisation
C distillation
D filtration
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63 Aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to a solid, X, and the mixture is heated.
A green precipitate is formed and an alkaline gas is given off.
Which ions are present in X?
A NH4+ and Fe2+
B NH4+ and Fe3+
C OH– and Fe2+
D OH– and Fe3+

64 64An aqueous solution of the organic compound methylamine has a pH greater than 7.
Which statement about methylamine is correct?
A It neutralises an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide.

B It reacts with copper(II) carbonate to give carbon dioxide.
C It reacts with hydrochloric acid to form a salt.
D It turns blue litmus red.
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65 The positions in the Periodic Table of four elements are shown.
Which element is most likely to form an acidic oxide?
A
B
C
D

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66 An excess of copper(II) oxide is added to dilute sulfuric acid to make crystals of hydrated
copper(II) sulfate.
The processes listed may be used to obtain crystals of hydrated copper(II) sulfate.
1 concentrate the resulting solution

2 filter
3 heat the crystals
4 wash the crystals
Which processes are needed and in which order?
A 1, 2, 3 and 4
B 1, 2, 4 and 3
C 2, 1, 2 and 3
D 2, 1, 2 and 4

Topic 8 –Acids, bases and salts (Mark Scheme) 1
Topic 8 –Acids, bases and salts (Mark Scheme)
53 A
1B 54 B
2A 55 B
3B 56 C
4B 57 B
5D 58 B
6D 59 B
7C 60 C
8A 61 C
9D 62 D
10 D 63 A
11 A 64 C
12 B 65 C
13 C 66 D
14 C
15 D
16 D
17 D
18 A
19 C
20 B
21 B
22 D
23 A
24 D
25 D
26 B
27 A
28 A
29 B
30 B
31 B
32 A
33 C
34 A
35 C
36 D
37 D
38 A
39 C
40 B
41 A
42 A
43 C
44 B
45 C
46 D
47 D
48 B
49 A
50 D
51 C
52 B

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Topic 8 –Acids, bases and salts 1

Topic 8 –Acids, bases and salts

©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6

©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6

1 reacts with ammonium sulfate to form ammonia

reacts with acids reacts with bases

A aqueous barium chloride

©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6

water. Which type of oxide is germanium oxide?

HCl + H2O → Cl – + H3O+

Which statement describes what happens during the reaction?

A The chloride ion is formed by accepting an electron from the water.

What are X and Y?

A copper aqueous iron(II) sulfate

©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6

When it is added to hydrochloric acid, bubbles of gas are formed.

What is the white solid?

compound formula solubility in water

silver carbonate Ag2CO3 insoluble

Which elements will form an acidic oxide?

A W and Z B W only C X and Y only D Y only

©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6

A It reacts with a carbonate to form carbon dioxide.

1 Add excess solid.

In which order should the stages be carried out?

Universal Indicator is added to each solution.

A blue green orange red

©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6

Which word describes the metal oxide?

In which order are the steps carried out?

A silver nitrate and sodium chloride

D sodium hydroxide and iron(II) chloride

2 When tested with litmus, the litmus turns blue.

3 When warmed with an ammonium salt, ammonia gas is given off.

A 1, 2 and 3 B 1 and 2 only C 1 and 3 only D 2 and 3 only

©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6

Which words correctly complete gaps 1 and 2?

A green precipitate is formed and an alkaline gas is given off.

Which ions are present in X?

A NH4+ and Fe2+

B NH4+ and Fe3+

C OH– and Fe2+

D OH– and Fe3+

Which elements form basic oxides?

A W, X and Y B W and X only C Y only D Z

©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6

At which point was the soil neutral?

Which substance could, most safely, be used to neutralise the acid?

B car battery acid 1

Which two elements form acidic oxides?

A carbon and lithium C carbon and nitrogen

B carbon and neon D nitrogen and neon

©IGCSE Chemistry Paper-2 Classified Questions by Teacher Hakeem Ali 2018/v6

aqueous sodium hydroxide is gas given off which turns damp

dilute hydrochloric acid is added effervescence, gas given off

Which ions are present in compound X?

A ammonium ions and carbonate ions

B ammonium ions and chloride ions

C calcium ions and carbonate ions

D calcium ions and chloride ions

What happens to the pieces of litmus paper?

A changes colour changes colour

B changes colour no colour change