Tingkat Pengetahuan Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut Anak-anak

Sekolah Dasar Methodist III selama pembelajaran daring

akibat Pandemic COVID-19
(Tingkat Pengetahuan Kebersihan Gigi dan Mulut Anak-anak Sekolah Dasar Methodist III
selama pembelajaran daring akibat Pandemic COVID-19)

Ervina Sofyanti*, Veronica Angelia**, Kristin Halim***

*Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Denstistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara

**Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara
***Undergraduate Dentistry Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Sumatera Utara
E-mail: ervina.sofyanti@usu.ac.id

Abstract

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Key words: Write 3-5 keywords

Abstrak

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struktur yang khusus, akan tetapi isinya harus memuat latar belakang, objektif, metode, hasil
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INTRODUCTION
A proper management of children’s oral
health requires specific protocols in some
oral pathologies that normally do not
represent as an emergency and to those
clinical situations of pediatric dental
emergencies. The main purpose is to reduce
the COVID-19 pandemic spread and cross-
infections in both emergency and non-
emergency conditions. Thus, not only
sufficient infection control protocols should
be implemented, but it is also crucial to
maximize communication and education of
oral health towards children.[1]
The importance of early oral health
education during the COVID-19 is due to the
children’s character building. Early
childhood education can be initiated in the
age of 2 to 6 years, and is mostly directed
towards middle school children. The
development of children’s behavior from an
early age greatly influences his character in
adulthood. [2] By implementing rigorous
oral and hand hygiene in an early age, the
children should be able to apply this
behavior in their daily activities, ensuring the
appropriate protocols in the midst of the
COVID-19 pandemic.
Previous epidemiological results indicates
that pediatric COVID-19 infection is
relatively mild when compared to adults, and
it is reported that children have a better
prognosis. [3,4] However, children should
still be informed about the significance of
proper oral and hand hygiene.
Hands are a potential reservoir and vector for
various pathological microorganisms, as they
come in contact with numerous already
contaminated surfaces. [5] Studies have
shown that people touch their faces
approximately 23 times in an hour, which
poses a threat for virus transmission through
oral, nasal, or conjunctival mucosa. [6] The
oral cavity is portal for the SARS-CoV-2
passage into the human body, it is rational to
state that, like hand hygiene, oral hygiene is
paramount in reducing infection via the oral
cavity, which will lead to infection of the
upper and lower respiratory tract. Despite the
lack of randomized clinical trial, oral
hygiene maintenance may possibly be an
effective approach in reducing the morbidity
and mortality related to COVID-19
pandemic. [7]
Ambil dari referensi Brain dan lucci…
pentingnya menjaga kebersihan dalam masa
pandemic covid.
Mulut, hidung dan mata.. berpotensi sebagai
pintu masuk kuman.
Sedangkan tangan adalah perantara kuman.
Mungkin kamu bisa masukkan lgsg. Bisa
ketika dalam Bahasa Indonesia
Introduction should clearly state the purpose
of the article. Give only strictly pertinent
references. Exhaustive literature reviews are
inappropriate [1]. One paragaraph contains
minimum of two sentences [2].
Dari jurnal:
It is precisely during the COVID-19
epidemic period that an adequate
management of the oral health of children
becomes of crucial importance by
implementing specific protocols relating
both to the pathologies of the oral cavity that
normally do not represent an emergency and
to those clinical situations that fall within the
category of pediatric dental emergencies
(Luzzi)
Kita rephrase:
A proper management of childrens’ oral
health required specific protocols in differ
some oral pathologies that normally do not
represent an emergency and to those
category of pediatric dental emergencies
situation (Luzzi)
Language: The language of publication is
English. Authors for whom English is a
second language may choose to have their
manuscript professionally edited before
submission to improve the English [3].
Abbreviations, Symbols and
Nomenclature: Use only standard
abbreviations (Vancouver System). All units
will be metric. Use no roman numerals in the
text. In decimals, a decimal point, and not a
comma, will be used. Avoid abbreviations in
the title. The full term for which an
abbreviation stands should precede its first
use in the text unless it is a standard unit of
measurement [4].
Font: When preparing your file, please use
only Times New Roman for text, and
Symbol font for Greek letters, to avoid
inadvertent character substitutions [5].
All papers submitted to DENTIKA
DENTAL JOURNAL should include: title
page, abstract, main text, references and
tables, figures, figure legends and conflict of
interest statement where appropriate.
Manuscripts must conform to the journal
style. Manuscripts not complying with the
journal format will be returned to the
author(s) [6]. Main text of the original article
should be divided into introduction, material
and methods, results and discussion [7].
MATERIAL AND METHOD
The type of research is descriptive research,
with a pre-experimental approach. The
experiment measures students’ knowledge
on oral and hand hygiene during online
learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The experiment is conducted using an online
survey, Google Forms.
The subject of the experiment is Methodist
III Medan Primary School students, ranging
from age 6 to 12 years old. All primary
school students are chosen as subject, which
resulted in 490 samples. A Google Form
survey is distributed among the subjects, and
they are subjected to fill out the survey
according to their knowledge.
In the beginning of the survey, the subjects
fill in their general information, such as
name, class, class number, age and gender.
Then, the subjects are exposed to the
questions. There are ten questions in the
online survey, which are: (1) When there is
no water, applying hand sanitizer (Dettol,
Antis) to hands and fingers is the same as
washing them; (2) Before meals, you don’t
need to wash your hands with soap, water is
sufficient; (3) Washing your hands with
water and soap after meals is a must; (4) One
of the causes for COVID-19 is hand-washing
without soap; (5) The right time to brush
your teeth is after breakfast and after dinner;
(6) Toothbrush usage is three months
maximum and has to be replaced with a new
one; (7) The correct toothbrush is soft-
bristled and small-headed; (8) You only go
to the dentist if you have dental problems,
e.g. toothache, bleeding gums, misaligned
teeth; (9) Vitamin deficiency can damage
teeth and gums; and (10) Maintaining oral
health is as important as hand hygiene. The
options to answer these questions are: (1)
True; (2) False; or (3) I don’t know.
The data accumulated is then analyzed using
.........
Material and method must contain sufficient
detail such that, in combination with the
references cited, all clinical trials and
experiments reported can be fully
reproduced. As a condition of publication,
authors are required to make materials and
methods used freely available to academic
researchers for their own use. This may for
example include antibodies etc. Other
supporting data sets must be made available
on the publication date from the authors
directly [8].
(i) Clinical trials: Clinical trials should be
reported using the CONSORT guidelines
available at www.consort-statement.org. A
CONSORT checklist should also be included
in the submission material [9].
Dentika Dental Journal encourages authors
submitting manuscripts reporting from a
clinical trial to register the trials in any of the
following free, public clinical trials
registries: www.clinicaltrials.gov,
http://clinicaltrials-dev.ifpma.org/,
http://isrctn.org/. The clinical trial
registration number and name of the trial
register will then be published with the paper
[10].
(ii)Experimental subjects: Experimentation
involving human subjects will only be
published if such research has been
conducted in full accordance with ethical
principles, including the World Medical
Association Declaration of Helsinki (version,
2002 www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm) and the
additional requirements, if any, of the
country where the research has been carried
out. Manuscripts must be accompanied by a
statement that the experiments were
undertaken with the understanding and
written consent of each subject and
according to the above mentioned principles.
A statement regarding the fact that the study Age Frequency (%)
has been independently reviewed and 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12
approved by an ethical board should also be 54 70
54 83 105 82
True (91.5 (88.
included. Editors reserve the right to reject )
(91.5)
6)
(94.3) (90.5) (90.1)
papers if there are doubts as to whether 7
3 5 3 10 9
appropriate procedures have been used [11]. False (8.9
(5.1) (8.5) (3.4) (8.6) (9.8)
)
When experimental animals are used the I 1
0 0 2 1 0
Don’t (1.3
methods section must clearly indicate that Know
(0) (0)
)
(2.5) (0.8) (0)
adequate measures were taken to minimize
pain or discomfort. Experiments should be Table 2. The number of answers for question
carried out in accordance with the Guidelines 2 (Before meals, you don’t need to wash
laid down by the National Institute of Health your hands with soap, water is sufficient),
(NIH) in the USA regarding the care and use answered by Methodist III Medan Primary
of animals for experimental procedures or School students, ranging from 6 to 12 years
with the European Communities Council old.
Directive of 24 November 1986 Age (years old)
(86/609/EEC) and in accordance with local 11-
6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11
laws and regulations [12]. 12
True 0 1 3 2 2 1
RESULT False 59 58 75 85 114 90
I
Don’t
0 0 1 1 0 0
Figure 1 Kno
120
116 w
100 88 91
79 Age Frequency (%)
80 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12
59 59
60 0 1 3 2 2 1
True
(0) (1.7) (3.8) (2.3) (1.7) (1.1)
40
114
59 58 75 85 90
20 False (98.3
(100) (98.3) (94.9) (96.6) (98.9)
0
)
6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 I
Tahun Tahun Tahun Tahun Tahun Tahun Don’t 0 0 1 1 0 0
Kno (0) (0) (1.3) (1.1) (0) (0)
Figure 1. The number of Methodist III w
Medan Primary School students, ranging
from 6 to 12 years old. Table 3. The number of answers for question
3 (Washing your hands with water and soap
Table 1. The number of answers for question after meals is a must), answered by
1 (When there is no water, applying hand Methodist III Medan Primary School
sanitizer (Dettol, Antis) to hands and fingers students, ranging from 6 to 12 years old.
is the same as washing them), answered by Age (years old)
Methodist III Medan Primary School 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12
students, ranging from 6 to 12 years old. True 58 56 78 86 116 85
Age (years old) False 1 2 0 1 0 2
6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 I
True 54 54 70 83 105 82 Don’t 0 1 1 1 0 2
False 3 5 7 3 10 9 Know
I
Don’t 0 0 1 2 1 0
Know
 (11.9) (22) (16.5) (4.5) (12.9) (14.3)
I
0 0 0 0 0 2
Don’t
(0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (2.2)
Know
Age Frequency (%)
6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12
58 56 78 86 116 85 Table 6. The number of answers for question
True
(98.3) (94.9) (98.7) (97.7) (100) (93.4)6 (Toothbrush usage is three months
False
1 2 0 1 0 2 maximum and has to be replaced with a new
(1.7) (3.4) (0) (1.1) (0) (2.2)one), answered by Methodist III Medan
I
0 1 1 1 0 2 Primary School students, ranging from 6 to
Don’t
(0) (1.7) (1.3) (1.2) (0) (2.2) 12 years old.
Know

Age (years old)

Table 4. The number of answers for question
6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12
4 (One of the causes for COVID-19 is hand- True 51 55 75 80 107 82
washing without soap), answered by False 5 2 3 3 2 4
Methodist III Medan Primary School I
students, ranging from 6 to 12 years old. Don’t 3 2 1 4 7 4
Age (years old) Know
6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12
True 40 38 50 50 62 57 Age Frequency (%)
False 15 16 27 36 46 31 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12
I 80
51 55 75 107 82
Don’t 4 5 2 2 7 3 True (90.9
(86.4) (93.2) (94.9) (92.2) (90.1)
Know )
5 2 3 3 2 4
False
Age Frequency (%) (8.5) (3.4) (3.8) (3.4) (1.7) (4.4)
6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 I
40 38 50 50 62 57 Don’t 3 2 1 4 7 4
True Kno (5.1) (3.4) (1.3) (4.5) (6.1) (4.4)
(67.8) (64.4) (63.3) (56.8) (53.4) (62.6)
15 16 27 36 46 31 w
False
(25.4) (27.1) (34.2) (40.9) (39.7) (34.1)
I
Don’t 4 5 2 2 7 3 Table 7. The number of answers for question
Kno (6.8) (8.5) (2.5) (2.3) (6) (3.3)
7 (The correct toothbrush is soft-bristled and
w
small-headed), answered by Methodist III
Medan Primary School students, ranging
Table 5. The number of answers for question
from 6 to 12 years old.
5 (The right time to brush your teeth is after
Age (years old)
breakfast and after dinner), answered by 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12
Methodist III Medan Primary School True 47 51 62 76 94 66
students, ranging from 6 to 12 years old. False 3 3 11 3 6 9
Age (years old) I
6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 Don’t 8 5 5 8 15 14
True 52 46 65 84 101 76 Know
False 7 13 13 4 15 13
I Age Frequency (%)
Don’t 0 0 0 0 0 2 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12
Know 47 51
62 76 94 66
True (79.7 (86.4
(78.5) (83.4) (81) (72.5)
Age Frequency (%) ) )
6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 3 3 11 3 6 9
False
52 46 65 84 101 76 (5.1) (5.1) (13.9) (3.4) (5.2) (9.9)
True
(88.1) (78) (82.3) (95.5) (87.1) (83.5) I 8 5 5 8 15 14
False 7 13 13 4 15 13 Don’t (13.6 (8.5) (6.3) (9.1) (12.9) (15.3)
 Know ) 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12
True 58 58 78 84 113 78
Table 8. The number of answers for question False 1 1 1 1 3 10
I
8 (You only go to the dentist if you have
Don’t 0 0 0 2 0 2
dental problems, e.g. toothache, bleeding Know
gums, misaligned teeth), answered by
Methodist III Medan Primary School
students, ranging from 6 to 12 years old. Age Frequency (%)
Age (years old) 6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12
6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 58 113
True 40 27 52 52 75 64 58 78 84 78
True (98.3 (97.4
False 18 32 27 34 36 27 (98.3) (98.7) (95.5) (85.7)
) )
I 1 1 1 1 3 10
Don’t 0 0 0 2 5 0 False
(1.7) (1.7) (1.3) (1.1) (2.6) (11)
Know I
0 0 0 2 0 2
Don’t
(0) (0) (0) (3,4) (0) (2.2)
Age Frequency (%) Know
6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12
40 27 52 52 75 64 Tables: should be numbered consecutively
True
(67.8) (45.8) (65.8) (59.1) (64.7) (70.3) with Arabic numerals. Type each table with
18 32 27 34 36 27
False
(30.5) (54.2) (34.2) (38.6) (31) (29.7)
titles making them self-explanatory.
I Figures: All figures should clarify the text
0 0 0 2 5 0 and their number be kept to a minimum. Text
Don’t
(0) (0) (0) (2.7) (4.3) (0)
Know on figures should be in CAPITALS. Line
drawings should be professionally drawn;
Table 9. The number of answers for question half-tones should exhibit high contrast. All
9 (Vitamin deficiency can damage teeth and figures and artwork must be provided in
gum), answered by Methodist III Medan electronic format. Figure legends should be a
Primary School students, ranging from 6 to separate section of the manuscript, and
12 years old. should begin with a brief title for the whole
Age (years old) figure and continue with a short description
6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 of each panel and the symbols used: they
True 52 53 71 74 95 76
should not contain any details of methods
False 3 4 5 10 12 10
I (Table I).
Don’t 4 1 3 4 9 4
Know DISCUSSION

Age Frequency (%) Emphasize the new and important aspects of

6-7 7-8 8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 the study and conclusions that follow from
52 53 71 74 95 76 them. Do not repeat in detail data given in
True
(88.1) (89.8) (89.9) (84.1) (81.9) (83.5)
3 4 5 10 12 10
the Results section. Include in the Discussion
False the implications of the findings and their
(5.1) (6.8) (6.3) (11.4) (10.3) (11)
I limitations and relate the observations to
4 1 3 4 9 4
Don’t
(6.8) (1.7) (3.8) (4.5) (7.8) (4.4) other relevant studies [13].
Know
Main Text of Review Articles comprise an
Table 10. The number of answers for introduction and a running text structured in
question 10 (Maintaining oral health is as a suitable way according to the subject
important as hand hygiene), answered by treated. A final section with conclusions may
Methodist III Medan Primary School be added [14].
students, ranging from 6 to 12 years old.
Age (years old)
Acknowledgement
Under acknowledgements please specify
contributors to the article other than the
authors accredited. Acknowledge only
persons who have made substantive
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minimum and numbered consecutively in the
order in which they appear in the text.
Identify references in text, tables, and
legends by Arabic numerals (in parentheses).
References cited only in the tables or figure
legends should be numbered in accordance
with a sequence established by the first
identification of that figure or table in the
text.
Use the style of the examples below, which
are based on the formats used in Index
Medicus.
Try to avoid using abstracts as references.
Include manuscripts accepted, but not
published; designate the abbreviated title of
the journal followed by (in press).
Information from manuscripts not yet
accepted, should be cited in the text as
personal communication.
The references must be verified by the
author(s) against the original documents.
Titles should be abbreviated in accordance
with the style used in Index Medicus and the
Vancouver System
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