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Appendix 3

Results from FEM

Table 1 shows the minimum axial force and the corresponding bending moment at that
location on the tunnel segment.

Table 1: Forces in the liner

Maximum Overburden - CH 13660

Min. Axial Max. Bending

Water Table Load Case Condition
Force [kN] Moment [kN-m]

Case I No EQ 424 90
Max Case II ODE 442 108
Case III MDE 453 128
Case I No EQ 330 111
Min Case II ODE 327 124
Case III MDE 326 138
Minimum Overburden - CH 13760

Min. Axial Max. Bending

Water Table Load Case Condition
Force [kN] Moment [kN-m]

Case I No EQ 254 59
Max Case II ODE 273 65
Case III MDE 287 79
Case I No EQ 192 87
Min Case II ODE 196 90
Case III MDE 200 97

The outputs obtained from finite element analysis are as shown hereunder:

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Maximum Overburden and Maximum Water Table

1. Axial Forces in Segmental Liner

Figure 1: Stage 2 – Tunnels Excavation and Liner installation

Figure 2: Stage 3 – Seismic loading (Operating Design Earthquake)

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Figure 3: Stage 4 – Seismic loading (Maximum Design Earthquake)

2. Bending Moments in Segmental Liner

Figure 4: Stage 2 – Tunnels Excavation and Liner installation

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Figure 5: Stage 3 – Seismic loading (Operating Design Earthquake)

Figure 6: Stage 4 – Seismic loading (Maximum Design Earthquake)

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Maximum Overburden and Minimum Water Table

1. Axial Forces in Segmental Liner

Figure 7: Stage 2 – Tunnels Excavation and Liner installation

Figure 8: Stage 3 – Seismic loading (Operating Design Earthquake)

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Figure 9: Stage 4 – Seismic loading (Maximum Design Earthquake)

2. Bending Moments in Segmental Liner

Figure 10: Stage 2 – Tunnels Excavation and Liner installation

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Figure 11: Stage 3 – Seismic loading (Operating Design Earthquake)

Figure 12: Stage 4 – Seismic loading (Maximum Design Earthquake)

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Minimum Overburden and Maximum Water Table

1. Axial Forces in Segmental Liner

Figure 13: Stage 2 – Tunnels Excavation and Liner installation

Figure 14: Stage 3 – Seismic loading (Operating Design Earthquake)

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Figure 15: Stage 4 – Seismic loading (Maximum Design Earthquake)

2. Bending Moments in Segmental Liner

Figure 16: Stage 2 – Tunnels Excavation and Liner installation

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Figure 17: Stage 3 – Seismic loading (Operating Design Earthquake)

Figure 18: Stage 4 – Seismic loading (Maximum Design Earthquake)

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Minimum Overburden and Minimum Water Table

1. Axial Forces in Segmental Liner

Figure 19: Stage 2 – Tunnels Excavation and Liner installation

Figure 20: Stage 3 – Seismic loading (Operating Design Earthquake)

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Figure 21: Stage 4 – Seismic loading (Maximum Design Earthquake)

2. Bending Moments in Segmental Liner

Figure 22: Stage 2 – Tunnels Excavation and Liner installation

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Figure 23: Stage 3 – Seismic loading (Operating Design Earthquake)

Figure 24: Stage 4 – Seismic loading (Maximum Design Earthquake)

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