P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior within an organizational

context and a given business situation.

The study of the way people behave within groups or individually in an organization is
called organizational behavior (OB). The study is usually conducted in an effort to create
more effective business organization . This area of study examines human behavior in
the workplace and determines its impact on job performance , motivation , leadership
,communication, etc. According to Fred Luthans , Organizational behavior is directly
concerned with the prediction , control, and prediction of human behavior in
organizations.

CONCEPT OF ORGANIZATIONA BEHAVIOUR :

Explanation of the fundamental concepts of organizational behavior are given below :

1.INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE : Each individual is different from each other, making them
unique in different ways. The idea of differences in the individual is based on the
fundamentals of psychology. Each person in an organization has their own thoughts and
opinion. This allows us to see the difference in their attitude and behavior among each
other in the organization . The organization should therefore accept this difference .

2. PERCEPTION :Perception differs from person to person. People can percept differently
by looking at the same object . This manly happens due to their past experiences which
led them to their thinking and perception . Employees also view work differently on the
basis of differences in their personalities, needs, demographic factors, past experiences
and social circumstances.

3. WHOLE PERSON : If a person happens to face any problem in his personal life , this
may affect their working life also . A person is considered as an individual entity .
Performance and ambition in work life could fall down drastically if the person is facing
problems in personal life . For this particular reasons working life and personal life can’t
be separated so managers of should deal or treat employees as a whole person.

4. MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR : An individual has many needs and wants and to meet those
needs and wants they try to perform well in the organization . Motivation is very
important , it helps to bring the best performance out of employees . If the
individual's need is met, the individual will perform better to achieve a better standard
of living.

5. DESIRE OF INVOLVEMNET : Many employees in the organization wants to be a part of

decision-making or strategy planning . They always looks for any opportunity and the
chance to share their knowledge from their past experience . So organization should let
them to share their opinions, ideas and suggestions for better decision-making. .
Involvement of the employees in the decision making would motivate the employees to
work better and will also help them grow in the future .

6. VALUE OF THE PERSON : Employees want to be treated differently, not as land ,labor
or capital. They don't want to be known or used as tools or untouchables . Therefore, all
the employees want respect, dignity and recognitions from their superiors and the
society they live in .

7. HUMAN DIGNITY : This concept implies that every employees and person wants to be
treated with respect and dignity whether it’s the labor or CEO of the firm . This is a
philosophical concept . An employee shouldn’t be treated as an production factor
Afterall humans stands on the top of the species so they need to be treated with
respect and care.

8. ORGANIZTIONS ARE SOCIAL SYSTEM : This concept implies that Organizations as social
systems are made of group of people, organized into structured grouping and managed
to meet a need or pursue collective goals . There are two system are maintained, one is
formal system and another is informal social system. Both system are governed by social
laws and psychological laws . Each and every people have psychological needs and thus
they also have need to maintain their social roles and status.

9. MUTUALITY OF INTEREST : Every person need to achieve their goals, but at the same
time they should let others to achieve their goals and objectives. There is no common
ground on which to build if there is a lack of mutuality . Mutual interest share a common
goal which influence the employee to attack the organizational problems rather than
each other .

10 . HOLISTIC : This concept consist of all the components of ob. This concept gives
priorities to whole group , whole person and whole organization . Holistic concept helps
to discuss the problems relating to an organization , each employee and departments .

PHYLOSOPHIES OF OB
The philosophy of ob are given below :

1. SCIENTIFIC LEADERSHIP : Scientific leadership is all about how the job can be done
more effectively . The first step of this theory is to find out the objective of the
organization . Next , the optimum method and time required for the fulfillment of the
objective is defined . Then the organization will select workers based on the works
required for the new job . After that workers will be assigned according to their
specialty .

2. HUMAN RELATION APPROACH : This theory applies that human are emotional beings
rather than economic‐rational . So organization should approach their employees in a
way that they don’t get hurt in their emotions while doing the work for them. Or else it
might affect the productivity of the employees in the workplace .

3. DECISION MAKING APROACH : This concept focus on the decision making capabilities
in an organization . Decision-making is important for any organization, and when taking
a decision, it should be held in mind that they are making a decision ensuring that
everything is balanced and rational in all circumstances. Every Decisions should be
rational and relying primarily on the goals and priorities of the organization.

4. NEO HUMAN RELATION SCHOOL : This theory mainly focuses on the structure of the
organization . This is also can be called school which introduced many famous theory
like ‘Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs’ , ‘Theory X and Theory Y’ etc . All these theories helps
the employees of an organization to be more efficient and effective while doing their job
.

5. SYSTEM APRAOCH : This system defines or analyses the input function , process it and
then issue the output . This system include factors like finance , human resource ,
management , maintenance , production and R&D for the process to take place . This
system tells that if the organization is profiting or not .

Model of organization:
There are for major model of ob . Explanations of them are given below :

AUTOCARTIC : This model mainly focuses on power strength and authority . All the
employees has to obedient towards their superiors. The lower level employees has bare
minimum of control over the work function. They are not welcome to introduce any
new idea or innovation when difficult decisios are made at the top management level.

CUTODIAL: This model mainly helps to provide economic benefit to the employees
which will help employee to remain loyal and motivated toward the organizations . This
model helps the organization to have great skill force employee which helps the
organization to have a competitive advantage through employee knowledge and
expertise.

SUPPORTIVE : This model is the exact opposite of autocratic model . This model mainly
focuses on employees and manger relation and how the mangers will treat their
employees in day to day basis . Here the employees can contribute their insight in the
decision making or strategy planning .

COLLEGIAL : This model mainly focuses on team or group work . In this model the
manager goal is to ensure that the team performs well together rather than
concentrating on its own success or the success of individual employees .

From the above discussion it can be said that the concept and philosophies of Ob both
have positive and negative in an organization . If the organization wants to run perfectly
without facing any hindrance and wants be successful then they have to follow the
correct the concept or theories which are applicable for their organization .