SKRIPSI YubaYubaYu (28-Okt-2020)

Data HE
MEA = C2H7NO
Data Proses HEAT of CAPACITY DEA = C4H11NO2
TEA = C6H15NO3
Heat Capacity of Liquid Hal 60-78 Cp = A+BT+CT2+DT3
T= K
BM A B C D
H2O 18.015 92.053 -4.00E-02 -2.11E-04 5.35E-07
NH3 17.03 -182.157 3.36E+00 -1.44E-02 2.04E-05
C2H4O 44.053 35.72 4.29E-01 -1.55E-03 -2.41E-06
C2H6O2 62.07 75.878 6.42E-01 -1.65E-03 1.69E-06
MEA 61.08 23.111 1.23E+00 -3.12E-03 3.07E-06
DEA 105.14 76.703 1.09E+00 -2.49E-03 2.25E-06
TEA 149.19 179.047 1.24E+00 -2.66E-03 2.34E-06
Total
Hal 60-78 (Yaws, 1999)
Heat Capacity of Gas Hal 33-51 Cp = A+BT+CT2+DT3+ET4
T= K
BM A B C D E
H2O 18.015 33.933 -8.42E-03 2.99E-05 -1.78E-08 3.69E-12
Hal 33-51 (Yaws, 1999)
MEA = C2H7NO
Data Proses THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY DEA = C4H11NO2
TEA = C6H15NO3
Thermal Conductivity of Liquid Hal 531 kliq = A + B (1 - T/C)2/7
T = K
A B C
H2O -0.2758 4.61E-03 -5.54E-06 kliq&sol = A + B T + C T2
Khusus
NH3 1.1606 -2.28E-03 3.12E-18 kliq&sol = A + B T + C T2
C2H4O -1.4656 0.8777 469.15
C2H6O2 -0.5918 0 645
MEA -1.3743 1.0185 638
DEA -1.6192 1.0212 715
TEA -1.0922 0.4389 787
Total
Hal 531 (Yaws, 1999)
Thermal Conductivity of Gas Hal 505 kgas = A + B T + C T 2
D-233
T= K
A B C
H2O 0.00053 4.71E-05 4.96E-08
Hal 505 (Yaws, 1999)
D-234
√(█( @ @ ))
√(█( @ @ ))
D-235
√(█( @ @ ))
√(█( @ @ ))
D-236
D-237
√(█( @ @ ))
√(█( @ @ ))
D-238
D-239
√(█( @ @ ))
√(█( @ @ ))
D-240
√(█( @ @ ))
√(█( @ @ ))
D-241
√(█( @ @ ))
√(█( @ @ ))
D-242
Pre-Heater 1
Data Proses
HEAT of CAPACITY
Heat Capacity of Liquid
T = 296.63144 K
Cp (J/molK) Cp (Btu/lboF)
75.58887 1.00215
79.87212 1.12021
-35.97293 -0.19504
165.34643 0.63625
192.94113 0.75447
239.14604 0.54327
374.63187 0.59977
1091.55353 4.46109
Heat Capacity of Gas

T = 473.732 K
Cp(J/molK) Cp(Btu/lboF)
34.94734264 0.4633302249
Data Proses
THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY
Thermal Conductivity of Liquid
T = 296.63144 K
kliq (W/Mk) kliq(Btu/jam.ft.oF)
0.60488 0.34973
0.48309 0.27931
-0.80610 -0.4661
-0.59180 -0.3422
-0.35580 -0.20572
-0.59800 -0.34575
-0.65330 -0.37772
-1.91703 -1.10838
Thermal Conductivity of Gas
D-243
T = 473.732 K
kgas (W/Mk) kgas(Btu/jam.ft.oF)
0.03396 0.0196347383
D-244
D-245
LAMPIRAN D
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
D.2 Tangki Penyimpanan Amonia
Kode : E-25
Fungsi : Menyimpan bahan baku NH3 99.95%
Bentuk : Silinder vertical dengan alas datar dan tutup
torispherical
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade D

Jenis Sambungan : Single welded butt joints
Data Operasi : a. Temperatur = -33.34 oC = 239.81 K
b. Tekanan = 1 atm = 14.6960 psi
Densitas : 681.4099 kg/m3
Laju Alir Massa : 10354.4672 kg/jam
Kebutuhan perancangan : 7 hari
Faktor Kelonggaran : 20 % (Timmerhaus, 2004)
Jumlah : 12 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999) volumetrik
nh3 15.190853
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan Amonia h20 0.0047979
Massa BM µi ρ Vo = 15.195651
Komponen xi
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kmol/jam) (kg/m3) (m3/jam)
NH3 10349.29 17.03 607.709336 0.9995 681.284310268 15.1908533
H 2O 5.1772 18.02 0.287303 0.0005 1079.059537464 0.00479788
Total 10354.467 607.996639 1 681.4099039961 15.1956512 681.4 m3
15200 L
A. Menentukan Tipe Tangki
Tangki yang digunakan adalah tangki silinder (cylindrical tank) dengan dasar
datar (flat bottom), dengan pertimbangan sebagai berikut : (Brownell, 1959)
1. Bahan baku disimpan dalam fase cair jenuh

2. Kondisi operasi tangki pada tekanan 1 atm dan suhu -33.34⁰C
D-233
3. Konstruksi sederhana sehingga lebih ekonomis
B. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi
Bahan konstruksi yang digunakan adalah Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade D

dengan pertimbangan : (Brownell, 1959)
1. Bahan baku berupa amonia cair dengan konsentrasi minimal 99,95%

2. Terpenuhi untuk penggunaan suhu rendah sampai -40 ⁰C
C. Menentukan Dimensi Tangki

1. Menentukan Volume Larutan dan Volume Tangki
m × kebutuhan perancangan× waktu dalam satu hari

VL =
densitas
10354.4672 kg/jam × 7 hari× 24 jam/hari
=
681.409903996115 kg/m3
= 2552.8694 m3
= 90153.816836 ft3
Dikarenakan Volume Liquid pada perhitungan yang didapatkan yaitu 2552.8694

m3 penyimpanan ammonia sangat besar sehingga dibutuhkan 12 tangki sebagai
penyimpanan bahan baku
Maka:
= VL
VL
12
= 2552.8694
m3
12
= 212.73912 m3
= 7512.8181 ft3 = 1338.0930 bbl
Volume Tangki (VT) = (1+Faktor Kelonggaran) x Volume Larutan

= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 212.7391 m3
= 255.2869 m3
= 9015.3562 ft3 = 1605.7071 bbl
Volume ruang kososng pada tangki tangki, sehingga:

Vrk = 20 % × VT
= 0.2 × 255.2869 m3
= 51.057387907 m3
D-234
= 1803.0763367 ft3
= 321.14232018 bbl
2. Penentuan Diameter dan Tinggi Shell

Tangki dirancang dengan tutup atas berupa Torispherical.
Untuk tekanan operasi 1 atm, harga HS/ID = 1.5, karena P < 18 bar
Hs/D = 1.5
Hs = 1.5 ID
Hha = Hhb = Hh
Dimana Hs adalah tinggi silinder dan Hh adalah tinggi tutup. Volume tutup
flanged and dished head (Vh) adalah sebagai berikut
Volume tutup flanged and dished head (Vh) adalah

Vh = 4.9E-05 Di3 (Pers. 5.11. Brownell, 1959:88)
Maka persamaan volume total adalah
*) Maka
VT = Volume silinder + volume head
VT = ( ¼ (π × ID2) HS ) + ( 0,000049 ID3 )
πID2
9015.3562 = 1.5 ID + 4.9E-05 ID3
4
9015.3562 = 1.1775 ID3 + 4.9E-05 ID3
ID3 = 7656.0348 ft3
ID = 19.7092 ft
= 236.5098 in
Kemudian dapat ditentukan tinggi tangki

Hs = 1.5 × ID
= 1.5 × 236.5098 in
= 354.7648 in
= 29.5637 ft
Perhitungan Tebal, OD, ID Tangki

Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade D
Tegangan maksimum yang diizinkan, f = 12650 (Brownell, 1959. Hal 251)
Faktor pengelasan single welded butt joint, E = 0.8 (Brownell, 1959. Hal 254)
Faktor korosi, C = 0.125 in (1/8) = 0.0104167 ft
Tekanan (P) = 14.6960 psi
ID = 237 in
D-235
Sehingga, (Brownell, 1959. Hal 45 pers 3.15)
ts = P × ID
+ C
4×f×E
= 3475.7486
+ 0.1250
40480
= 0.2109 in
Digunakan ts std 1/4 = 0.25 in
untuk storage ukuran besar ts > sama dengan 3/16 in

storage besar tertutup D = 8/3 H
Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
= 237 + 0.5 in
= 237 in
Digunakan, OD std = 240 in
ID std = OD std - 2ts

= 240 - 0.5
= 239.5 in = 19.96 ft
= 240 in = 20 ft
Digunakan, ID std = 20 ft Brownell, 1959, Hal 348 Appendix. E )
8 ( untuk storange besar maka D = 8/3 H )

D = H
3
H = 7.5 ft = 8 ft (standarisasi)
= 96 in
jumlah course = 7
Kapasitas tangki = 2350 bbl (standarisasi)
= 13194.31 ft3
Volume Larutan
Tinggi Larutan dalam Tangki (HL) = x H
Volume Tangki
7512.8181 ft3
= x 8 ft
9015.3562 ft3
= 6.6667 ft
= 2.0320 m
D-236
t1 = 0.000146 x ( H - 1 ) x Di + C
= 0.1454 ft = 1.7446 in
t2 = 0.000146 x ( H - 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.1250 ft = 1.5000 in
t3 = 0.000146 × ( H - 2 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.1046 ft = 1.2554 in
t4 = 0.000146 × ( H - 3 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0842 ft = 1.0108 in
t5 = 0.000146 × ( H - 4 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0638 ft = 0.7662 in
t6 = 0.000146 × ( H - 5 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0435 ft = 0.5216 in
t7 = 0.000146 × ( H - 6 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0231 ft = 0.2770 in
Perhitungan Tekanan Desain Bejana Perhitungan Tekanan Desain Bejana

Phidrostatik = ρ x g x hliquid Untuk tutup atas hanya dipengaruhi teka
= 681.4099 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s2 x 2.0320 m keamanan sebesar 20% maka tekanan d
= 13569.3627 Pa POperasi =
= 1.9676 psi Pdesain =
= 0.1339 atm =
Pdesain = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran ) x ( P + Pref ) =
= ( 1+ 20 % ) x ( 1.9676 + 14.6960 ) =
= 19.9963 psi Sedangkan pada shell dan tutup bawah d
= 1.3607 atm sehingga perlu diketahui tingggi cairan
Phidrostatik =
Perhitungan Tebal Tutup Atas dan Tutup Bawah =
Berdasarkan Brownell, Tabel 5.7, hal. 89 ditentukan ID standar = 240 in =
P = 19.9963 psi = 6.094 m =
icr = 14 7/16 in = 0.3667 m =
rc = 180 in = 4.572 m
Dengan faktor keamanan sebesar 20% m
1 √(█( @ @rc )) (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138) POperasi =
W = 3 +
4 icr =
1 √(█( @180
@ in )) =
= 3 +
4 14.44 in Pdesain =
= 1.6327 in =
D-237
=
P × rc × W (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138) =
Tebal tutup tangki = + C
(2 × f × E - 0,2 × P)
P × rc × W
tha = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 × P
19.9963 psi × 180 in × 1.6327 in
= + 0.125
2 × 12,650 psi × 0.8 – 0.2 × 19.996 psi
= 0.4154106 in
tha (tebal tutup) = 0.4154106 in (Tabel 5-7 Brownell,1959:89)

= 0.5 in = 1/2 (standarisasi)
Berdasarkan Tabel 5.6. Brownell (1959:88), untuk th =1/2 in, maka sf = 1 1/2 - 3
1/2. Diambil nilai sf sebesar
standar flange = 3.5 in (Fig 5.8 Brownell, 1959:87)
a = ID / 2
= 120 in
AB = a - icr
= 105 5/9 in
BC = r - icr
= 165 5/9 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 127.54411 in
b = r - AC
= 52.45589 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 56.45589 in
= 4.704469 ft
Sehingga dapat ditentukan tinggi tutup atas (Hha) :

Hha = Hh = OA = 56.4559 in
D-238
Perhitungan Tinggi Tangki
Sehingga tinggi total tangki:
H Total = H + Hh
= 152.4559 in
= 12.7047 ft
= 3.8724 m
D.2 Tangki Penyimpanan Etilen Oksida
Kode : D-112
Fungsi : Menyimpan bahan baku etilen oksida
Bentuk : Silinder vertical dengan alas datar dan tutup torispherical
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade C
Data Operasi : a. Temperatur = 10 C
o
= 283.15 K
Jumlah : 7 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089 0.28253 469.15
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan Etilena Oksida

Massa BM µi ρ Vo
Komponen xi
C2H4O 7649.1485 44.053 173.635133 0.9993 883.6367592853 8.6564399
H 2O 2.2947 18.02 0.12734184 0.0007 1041.029629276 0.00220426
Total 7651.4432 173.762475 1 883.6768273151 8.65864416

Menentukan Volume Larutan dan Volume Tangki
D-239
VL =
densitas
=
883.676827315077 kg/m3
= 1454.6522 m3
= 51370.6067 ft3

Maka:
VL
VL =
7
= 1454.6522188
m3
7
= 207.8075 m3
= 7338.6581 ft3 = 1307.0737 bbl

= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 207.8075 m3
= 249.3690 m3
= 8806.3648 ft3 = 1568.4840 bbl

Vrk = 20 % × VT
= 0.2 × 249.3690 m3
= 49.873790361 m3
= 1761.2779444 ft3
= 313.69769213 bbl
Penentuan Diameter dan Tinggi Shell

Hs/D = 1.5
Hs = 1.5 ID
Hha = Hhb = Hh
D-240

*) Maka
VT = ( ¼ (π × ID2) HS ) + ( 0,000049 ID3 )
πID2
8806.3648 = 1.5 ID + 4.9E-05 ID3
4
8806.3648 = 1.1775 ID3 + 4.9E-05 ID3
ID3 = 7478.5549 ft3
ID = 19.5557 ft
= 234.6680 in

Hs = 1.5 × ID
= 1.5 × 234.6680 in
= 352.0019 in
= 29.3335 ft

Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade C
Faktor korosi, C = 0.125 in (1/8) (Tabel 6, Timmerhaus,1991:542)
Tekanan desain (Pi) = 14.6960 psi
ID = 235 in

ts = pi × ID
+ C
4×f×E
= 3448.6804
+ 0.1250
40480
= 0.2102 in

D-241
Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
= 235 + 0.5 in
= 235 in

= 240 - 0.5
= 239.5 in = 19.96 ft
= 240 in = 20 ft
Digunakan, ID std = 20 ft (Brownell, 1959, Hal 348appendix. E )

D = H
3
= 96 in
jumlah course = 7
= 13194.31 ft3
Volume Larutan
Volume Tangki
7338.6581 ft3
= x 8 ft
8806.3648 ft3
= 6.6667 ft
= 2.0320 m
Tebal silinder tiap course

t1 = 0.000146 x ( H - 1 ) x Di + C
= 0.1454 ft = 1.7446 in
t2 = 0.000146 x ( H - 7 ) - 1 ) x Di + C
= 0.1250 ft = 1.5000 in
t3 = 0.000146 × ( H - 2 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.1046 ft = 1.2554 in
t4 = 0.000146 × ( H - 3 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0842 ft = 1.0108 in
t5 = 0.000146 × ( H - 4 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
D-242
= 0.0638 ft = 0.7662 in
t6 = 0.000146 × ( H - 5 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0435 ft = 0.5216 in
t7 = 0.000146 × ( H - 6 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0231 ft = 0.2770 in
Perhitungan Tekanan Desain Bejana

P hidrostatik = ρ x g x hliquid
= 883.6768 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s2 x 2.0320 m
= 17597.2367 Pa
= 2.552 psi
= 0.174 atm
P desain = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran ) x ( P + Pref )
= ( 1+ 20 % ) x ( 2.5516 + 14.6960 )
= 20.6971 psi
= 1.4084 atm
Perhitungan Tebal Tutup Atas dan Tutup Bawah

Berdasarkan Brownell, Tabel 5.7, hal. 89 ditentukan ID standar = 240 in
P = 20.6971 psi = 6.094 m
icr = 14 7/16 in = 0.3667 m
rc = 180 in = 4.572 m
1 √(█( @ @r )) (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)

c
W = 3 +
4 icr
√(█( @ @ ))
1 180 in
= 3 +
4 14.44 in
= 1.6327 in
P × rc × W (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)

(2 × f × E - 0,2 × P)
P × rc × W
tha = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 × P
20.6971 psi × 180 in × 1.6327 in
= + 0.125
2 × 12,650 psi × 0.8 – 0.2 × 20.697 psi
= 0.4255913 in
D-243
= 0.4375 in = 0.4375 (standarisasi)
a = ID / 2
= 120 in
AB = a - icr
= 105 5/9 in
BC = r - icr
= 165 5/9 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 127.54411 in
b = r - AC
= 52.45589 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 56.39339 in
= 4.699261 ft

Hha = Hh = OA = 56.3934 in

H Total = H + Hh
= 152.3934 in
= 12.6994 ft
= 3.8708 m
D.3 Tangki Penyimpanan Monoetanolamin (MEA)
Kode : D-112
Fungsi : Menyimpan produk monoetanolamin (MEA)
D-244
o
= 303.15 K
Densitas : 1011.1859 kg/m 3

Jumlah : 5 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
MEA 0.27149 0.22411 0.2015 638.00
DEA 0.30126 0.23968 0.1892 715.00
C2H6O2 0.32502 0.25499 0.172 645.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan MEA

Massa BM µi ρ Vo
Komponen xi
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kmol/jam) (kg/m ) 3
(m3/jam)
MEA 5779.0173 61.08 94.6139047 0.795 1009.64564807 5.72380747
DEA 0.0014 105.14 1.3316E-05 0.000 1091.0075758 1.2832E-06
C2H6O2 45.7636 62.07 0.73729016 0.006 1106.605697552 0.04135493
H 2O 426.1351 18.02 23.6478968 0.19872 1022.875267204 0.41660515
Total 6250.9174 118.999105 1 1011.185888096 6.18176883


VL =
densitas
6250.9174 kg/jam × 14 hari × 24 jam/hari
=
1011.18588809561 kg/m3
= 1038.5372 m3
= 36675.62834 ft3
D-245
Maka:
VL
VL =
5
= 1038.5371627
m3
5
= 207.7074 m3
= 7335.1257 ft3 = 1306.4446 bbl

= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 207.7074 m3
= 249.2489 m3
= 8802.1259 ft3 = 1567.7290 bbl

Vrk = 20 % × VT
= 0.2 × 249.2489 m3
= 49.84978381 m3
= 1760.4301603 ft3
= 313.546695 bbl

Hs/D = 1.5
Hs = 1.5 ID
Hha = Hhb = Hh

*) Maka
VT = ( ¼ (π × ID2) HS ) + ( 0,000049 ID3 )
πID2
8802.1259 = 1.5 ID + 4.9E-05 ID3
D-246
8802.1259 = 1.5 ID + 4.9E-05 ID3
4
8802.1259 = 1.1775 ID3 + 4.9E-05 ID3
ID3 = 7474.9551 ft3
ID = 19.5525 ft
= 234.6303 in

Hs = 1.5 × ID
= 1.5 × 234.6303 in
= 351.9455 in
= 29.3288 ft

Faktor korosi, C = 0.125 in (1/8)
ID = 235 in

ts = pi × ID
+ C
4×f×E
= 3448.1270
+ 0.1250
40480
= 0.2102 in

Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
= 235 + 0.5 in
= 235 in
D-247
= 240 - 0.5
= 239.5 in = 19.96 ft
= 240 in = 20 ft

D = H
3
= 96 in
jumlah course = 7
= 13194.31 ft3
Volume Larutan
Volume Tangki
7335.1257 ft3
= x 8 ft
8802.1259 ft3
= 6.6667 ft
= 2.0320 m

t1 = 0.0001 x ( H - 1 ) x Di + C
= 0.1454 ft = 1.7446 in
t2 = 0.0001 x ( H - 7 ) - 1 ) x Di + C
= 0.1250 ft = 1.5000 in
t3 = 0.000146 × ( H - 2 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.1046 ft = 1.2554 in
t4 = 0.000146 × ( H - 3 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0842 ft = 1.0108 in
t5 = 0.000146 × ( H - 4 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0638 ft = 0.7662 in
t6 = 0.000146 × ( H - 5 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 14.6960 ft = 176.3520 in
t7 = 0.000146 × ( H - 6 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 14.6960 ft = 176.3520 in
D-248
= 1011.1859 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s2 x 2.0320 m
= 20136.4083 Pa
= 2.920 psi
= 0.199 atm
= ( 1+ 20 % ) x ( 2.9198 + 14.6960 )
= 21.1389 psi
= 1.4385 atm

P = 21.1389 psi = 6.094 m
icr = 14 7/16 in = 0.3667 m
rc = 180 in = 4.572 m
√(█( @ @ ))
1 rc (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)
W = 3 +
4 icr
√(█( @ @ ))
1 180 in
= 3 +
4 14.44 in
= 1.6327 in

(2 × f × E - 0,2 × P)
P × rc × W
tha = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 × P
21.1389 psi × 180 in × 1.6327 in
= + 0.125
2 × 12,650 psi × 0.8 – 0.2 × 21.139 psi
= 0.4320093 in

D-249
a = ID / 2
= 120 in
AB = a - icr
= 105 5/9 in
BC = r - icr
= 165 5/9 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 127.54411 in
b = r - AC
= 52.45589 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 56.39339 in
= 4.699261 ft

Hha = Hh = OA = 56.3934 in

H Total = H + Hh
= 152.3934 in
= 12.6994 ft
= 3.8708 m
D.4 Tangki Penyimpanan Dietanolamin (DEA)
Kode : D-112
Fungsi : Menyimpan produk Dietanolamin (DEA)
Data Operasi : a. Temperatur = 30 o
C = 303.15 K
D-250
Jumlah : 3 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
MEA 0.27149 0.22411 0.2015 638.00
DEA 0.30126 0.23968 0.1892 715.00
TEA 0.31608 0.24801 0.2035 787.00
C2H6O2 0.32502 0.25499 0.172 645.00
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan DEA

Massa BM µi ρ Vo
Komponen xi
MEA 0.0175 61.08 0.00028651 0.000 1009.64564807 1.7333E-05
DEA 3614.2011 105.14 34.3751294 0.982 1091.0075758 3.31271861
TEA 1.0444 149.19 0.00700047 0.000 1117.521361295 0.00093457
C2H6O2 38.3394 62.07 0.61768004 0.018 1106.605697552 0.03464594
Total 3653.5849 34.9998099 1 1091.176375118 3.34829912


VL =
densitas
=
1091.17637511773 kg/m3
= 562.5143 m3
= 19865.022079 ft3
Dikarenakan Volume Liquid pada perhitungan yang didapatkan yaitu 626.4193 m3

penyimpanan ammonia sangat besar sehingga dibutuhkan 3 tangki sebagai
Maka:
VL
VL =
D-251
VL =
3
= 562.5142527
m3
3
= 187.5048 m3
= 6621.674 ft3 = 1179.3731 bbl

= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 187.5048 m3
= 225.0057 m3
= 7945.9863 ft3 = 1415.2437 bbl

Vrk = 20 % × VT
= 0.2 × 225.0057 m3
= 45.001140215 m3
= 1589.2017664 ft3
= 283.0495482 bbl

Hs/D = 1.5
Hs = 1.5 ID
Hha = Hhb = Hh

*) Maka
VT = ( ¼ (π × ID2) HS ) + ( 0,000049 ID3 )
πID2
7945.9863 = 1.5 ID + 4.9E-05 ID3
4
7945.9863 = 1.1775 ID3 + 4.9E-05 ID3
ID3 = 6747.9029 ft3
ID = 18.8969 ft
= 226.7623 in
D-252
Hs = 1.5 × ID
= 1.5 × 226.7623 in
= 340.1435 in
= 28.3453 ft

ID = 227 in

ts = pi × ID
+ C
4×f×E
= 3332.4988
+ 0.1250
40480
= 0.2073 in

Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
= 227 + 0.5 in
= 227 in

= 228 - 0.5
= 227.5 in = 18.96 ft
= 228 in = 19 ft
D-253
D = H
3
= 96 in
jumlah course = 7
= 13194.31 ft3
Volume Larutan
Volume Tangki
6621.6740 ft3
= x 8 ft
7945.9863 ft3
= 6.6667 ft
= 2.0320 m

t1 = 0.000146 x ( H - 1 ) x Di + C
= 0.1454 ft = 1.7446 in
t2 = 0.000146 x ( H - 7 ) - 1 ) x Di + C
= 0.1250 ft = 1.5000 in
t3 = 0.000146 × ( H - 2 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.1046 ft = 1.2554 in
t4 = 0.000146 × ( H - 3 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0842 ft = 1.0108 in
t5 = 0.000146 × ( H - 4 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0638 ft = 0.7662 in
t6 = 0.000146 × ( H - 5 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.043 ft = 0.5216 in
t7 = 0.000146 × ( H - 6 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0231 ft = 0.2770 in

= 1091.1764 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s2 x 2.0320 m
= 21729.3114 Pa
= 3.151 psi
= 0.214 atm
D-254
= ( 1+ 20 % ) x ( 3.1508 + 14.6960 )
= 21.4161 psi
= 1.4574 atm

P = 21.4161 psi = 5.789 m
icr = 13 3/4 in = 0.3493 m
rc = 180 in = 4.572 m
√(█( @ @ ))
1 rc (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)
W = 3 +
4 icr
√(█( @ @ ))
1 180 in
= 3 +
4 13.75 in
= 1.6545 in

(2 × f × E - 0,2 × P)
P × rc × W
tha = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 × P
21.4161 psi × 180 in × 1.6545 in
= + 0.125
2 × 12,650 psi × 0.8 – 0.2 × 21.416 psi
= 0.4401882 in

a = ID / 2
= 114 in
AB = a - icr
= 100 1/4 in
D-255
BC = r - icr
= 166 1/4 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 132.62353 in
b = r - AC
= 47.37647 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 51.37647 in
= 4.281201 ft

Hha = Hh = OA = 51.3765 in

H Total = H + Hh
= 147.3765 in
= 12.2814 ft
= 3.7434 m
D.5 Tangki Penyimpanan Trietanolamin (TEA)
Kode : D-112
Fungsi : Menyimpan produk Trietanolamin (TEA)
o
= 303.15 K
Jumlah : 1 unit
D-256
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
DEA 0.30126 0.23968 0.1892 715.00
TEA 0.31608 0.24801 0.2035 787.00
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan DEA

Massa BM µi ρ Vo
Komponen xi
DEA 300.5481 105.14 2.85855146 0.054 1091.0075758 0.27547756
TEA 7476.2147 149.19 50.1120363 0.946 1117.521361295 6.68999713
Total 7776.7628 52.9705878 1 1116.472767604 6.96547469


VL =
densitas
=
1116.47276760378 kg/m3
= 1170.1997 m3
= 41325.253012 ft3

Maka:
VL
VL =
6
= 1170.1997472
m3
6
= 195.0333 m3
= 6887.5422 ft3 = 1226.7264 bbl

= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 195.0333 m3
= 234.0399 m3
D-257
= 8265.0272 ft3 = 1472.0675 bbl

Vrk = 20 % × VT
= 0.2 × 234.0399 m3
= 46.807989888 m3
= 1653.0101205 ft3
= 294.41432654 bbl

Hs/D = 1.5
Hs = 1.5 ID
Hha = Hhb = Hh

*) Maka
VT = ( ¼ (π × ID2) HS ) + ( 0,000049 ID3 )
πID2
8265.0272 = 1.5 ID + 4.9E-05 ID3
4
8265.0272 = 1.1775 ID3 + 4.9E-05 ID3
ID3 = 7018.8393 ft3
ID = 19.1465 ft
= 229.7575 in

Hs = 1.5 × ID
= 1.5 × 229.7575 in
= 344.6362 in
= 28.7197 ft

D-258
Faktor korosi, C = 0.125 in (1/8) (Timmerhaus,Tab.6, Hal. 542, 1991)
ID = 230 in

ts = pi × ID
+ C
4×f×E
= 3376.5161
+ 0.1250
40480
= 0.2084 in

Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
= 230 + 0.5 in
= 230 in

= 240 - 0.5
= 239.5 in = 19.96 ft
= 240 in = 20 ft

D = H
3
= 96 in
jumlah course = 7
= 13194.31 ft3
D-259
Volume Larutan
Volume Tangki
6887.5422 ft3
= x 8 ft
8265.0272 ft3
= 6.6667 ft
= 2.0320 m

t1 = 0.000146 x ( H - 1 ) x Di + C
= 0.1454 ft = 1.7446 in
t2 = 0.000146 x ( H - 7 ) - 1 ) x Di + C
= 0.1250 ft = 1.5000 in
t3 = 0.000146 × ( H - 2 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.1046 ft = 1.2554 in
t4 = 0.000146 × ( H - 3 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0842 ft = 1.0108 in
t5 = 0.000146 × ( H - 4 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0638 ft = 0.7662 in
t6 = 0.000146 × ( H - 5 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0435 ft = 0.5216 in
t7 = 0.000146 × ( H - 6 × 7 ) - 1 ) × Di + C
= 0.0231 ft = 0.2770 in

= 1116.4728 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s2 x 2.0320 m
= 22233.0551 Pa
= 3.224 psi
= 0.219 atm
= ( 1+ 20 % ) x ( 3.2238 + 14.6960 )
= 21.5038 psi
= 1.4633 atm

P = 21.5038 psi = 6.094 m
icr = 14 7/16 in = 0.3667 m
D-260
rc = 180 in = 4.572 m
√(█( @ @r ))
1 c (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)
W = 3 +
4 icr
√(█( @ @ ))
1 180 in
= 3 +
4 14.44 in
= 1.6327 in

(2 × f × E - 0,2 × P)
P × rc × W
tha = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 × P
21.5038 psi × 180 in × 1.6327 in
= + 0.125
2 × 12,650 psi × 0.8 – 0.2 × 21.504 psi
= 0.4373088 in

a = ID / 2
= 120 in
AB = a - icr
= 105 5/9 in
BC = r - icr
= 165 5/9 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 127.54411 in
b = r - AC
= 52.45589 in
D-261
OA = th + b + sf
= 56.39339 in
= 4.699261 ft

Hha = Hh = OA = 56.3934 in

H Total = H + Hh
= 152.3934 in
= 12.6994 ft
= 3.8708 m
D-262
m
D-263
D-264
m3
D-265
681.409904
D-266
Untuk tutup atas hanya dipengaruhi tekanan operasi yaitu 1 atm. Dengan faktor
keamanan sebesar 20% maka tekanan desain adalah
14.6960 psi
( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran ) x POperasi
( 1 + 20 % ) x 14.6960
17.6352 psi
1.2001 atm
Sedangkan pada shell dan tutup bawah dipengaruhi oleh tekanan hidrostatik
sehingga perlu diketahui tingggi cairan di dalam tangki
ρ x g x hliquid
681.4099 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s2 x 2.0320 m
13569.3627 Pa
1.968 psi
0.134 atm
Dengan faktor keamanan sebesar 20% maka tekanan desain adalah

14.6960 psi + 1.968 psi
16.664 psi
1.134 atm
( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran ) x POperasi
( 1 + 20 % ) x 16.6636
D-267
19.9963 psi
1.3607 atm
D-268
(Tabel 6, Timmerhaus,1991:542)
D-269
(Timmerhaus,Tab.6, Hal. 542, 1991)
D-270
D.11 Pompa 1
Kode : L-112
Fungsi : Memompakan campuran Ammonia dan Etilen Oksida
dari mixer
Tipe : Reciprocating pump
Bahan Konstruksi : Commercial steel
Data Operasi : Temperatur = 30 C
o
= 303.15 K
Tekanan = 1 atm = 2116.22 lb/ft2
Jumlah : 1 unit
1. Penentuan Tipe Pompa

Pompa senrifugal (Peters and Timmerhaus. Hal. 1991):
a. Konstruksinya sederhana, harganya relatif murah dan banyak tersedia di pasaran
b. Biaya perawatan paling murah dibanding tipe pompa yang lainnya
c. Dapat digunkan untuk kapasitas besar mencapai 15-5000 gpm
d. Kecepatan putarannya stabil
2. Penentuan Bahan Konstruksi Pompa

Commercial steel, dengan pertimbangan:
a. Tahan korosi
b. Memiliki batas tekanan yang besar (s.d 22500 psi)
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089 0.28253 469.15
C2H6O2 0.32502 0.25499 0.172 645.00
MEA 0.27149 0.22411 0.2015 638.00
D-279
DEA 0.30126 0.23968 0.1892 715.00
TEA 0.31608 0.24801 0.2035 787.00
Hal 194 (Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.263E-05
NH3 -8.5910 8.76E+02 2.68E-02 -3.61E-05
C2H4O -5.7794 6.70E+02 1.57E-02 -1.946E-05
C2H6O2 -16.9728 3.19E+03 3.25E-02 -2.448E-05
MEA -13.1818 2.86E+03 2.08E-02 -1.423E-05
DEA -27.9385 5.95E+03 4.41E-02 -2.587E-05
TEA -21.0078 4.79E+03 3.13E-02 -1.778E-05
Hal 500 (Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.14 Data Densitas Campuran Pompa 1

Massa Massa ρ Vo µ
Komponen xi xi.µ
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kg/m3) (m3/jam) (cP)
H2O 3289.6000 182.6003 0.0814 1023 3.2160 0.815 0.0664
NH3 27223.138 1598.5401 0.7127 594 45.8262 0.1279 0.0911
C2H4O 20103.957 456.3584 0.2035 855 23.5082 0.2501 0.0509
C2H6O2 1.2668 0.0204 9E-06 1107 0.0011 14.431 0.0001
MEA 331.6241 5.4293 0.0024 1010 0.3285 18.064 0.0437
DEA 2.9486 0.0280 1E-05 1091 0.0027 503.14 0.0063
TEA 0.0574 0.0004 2E-07 1118 0.0001 449.14 0.0001
Total 50952.592 2242.9771 1 699.1 72.8827 0.2586
(Coulson hal. 314 pers 8.1)
𝜌 campuran = 699.1037 kg/m3
= 43.6370 lb/ft3
µ campuran = 0.2586 cP
= 0.6258 lb/ft.h
= 0.00017 lb/ft.s
= 0.00026 kg/m.s
D-280
1. Menghitung kecepatan volumetrik larutan (Q)
Berdasarkan Tabel 1.3 (Walas, hal.6-7) diketahui bahwa range safety factor untuk
pompa sentrifugal yaitu 7-14%.
Dipilih savety factor sebesar = 14%

Fv desain = 1.2 x 50952.59
= 61143.111 kg/jam
= 16.984197 kg/s
laju alir
Q =
densitas
50952.59 kg/jam
=
699.1 kg/m3
= 72.88273634 m3/jam
= 0.0202452045 m3/detik = 0.7149533247 ft3/detik
2. Penentuan diameter optimum pipa

Penentuan diameter optimum pipa menggunakan per. 12.15 hal. 501 Peters &
Timmerhaus dengan mengasumsikan aliran turbulen (Nre > 2100).
Diopt = 0.363 mv0,45 𝜌 0.13

Diopt = 0.363 x 0.0202452 0.45 x 699.1037 0.13
Diopt = 0.1470761 m = 5.7904 in
Dipilih pipa nominal dengan spesifikasi (Walas Hal. 747 App. A)

Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) = 6 in (standarisasi)
Schedule (sch) = 40
Diameter luar (OD) = 2.38 in
Diameter dalam (ID) = 2.067 in
= 0.1722431 ft
D-281
= 0.0524997 m
Luas Penampang (A) = 28.9 in2 (Wallas, Appendix A. 2012:675)
(Kern, 1965 hal-844)
4xQ
Kecepatan Alir (v) =
π x ID2
0.0809808 m3/s
=
0.0086545 m2/s
= 9.3570483 m/s = 30.698604 ft/s
NRe perhitungan di dapatkan:

𝜌 ID v (Timmerhaus Hal. 493)
NRe =
µ
699.1037 x 0.0524997 x 9.3570483
=
2.59E-04
= 1328060.9991 (Turbulen) (Kern, 1965 hal-266)
3. Menghitung Fanning Friction Factor (f)
Ɛ = 4.6E-05 m
= 0.001811 in (Geankoplis, 2003 Fig. 2.10-3 hal-88)
(Timmerhaus Hal. 493)
Ɛ 4.6E-05
NRe = 1328061 , dan = = 0.0008762
D 0.0524997
(Geankoplis, 2003 Fig. 2.10-3 hal-88)
Diperoleh nilai,
f = 0.00435
4. Menghitung Panjang Ekivalen (Le)
L = S = 7 x (N) 0.5 (Timmerhaus Hal. 493)

= 7 x ( 2.067 in x 0.5 )
= 7 x 1.0335 in
D-282
= 7.2345 in
= 0.6029 ft
ID = 2.067 in
= 0.1722431 ft
Untuk aliran turbulen diperoleh:

Friction Loss
Tipe Fitting/Valve Jumlah Kf Tot Kf Le/D (ft) Le
elbow 900 2 0.75 1.5 35 12.057
Gate Valve (half open) 1 4.5 4.5 225 38.755
Coupling 2 0.04 0.08 2 0.689
5.29 6.08 51.501
(Geankoplis, 2003 Hal. 84 Tabel 2.10-1)
Sehingga, Σ L = L + Σ Le
= 0.602875 + 51.50069
= 52.103565 ft
= 625.24913 in
Kontraksi dari tangki pipa

A2
= 0 (Sebab luas permukaan tangki lebih besar daripada pipa)
A1
α = 1
Kc = 0.55
v^2 (Geankoplis, 2003 Pers. 2.10-6)

hc = Kc x
2xα
87.554352319
= 0.55 x
2
= 24.077447 Kj/kg
5. Menghitung Energi yang Hilang karena Gesekan
D-283
Pada pipa lurus
4f x Σ L x v^2 (Geankoplis, 2003 Pers. 2.10-6)
Ff =
D x 2gc
4 x 0.0044 x 52.103565 x 30.698604 2
=
0.1722 x 2 x 32.174
= 77.086269 ft.lbf/lbm
Losses in fittings
Kf = 5.29
v2
hf = ( Kf )
2 gc
30.698604 2
= ( 5.29 x )
2 x 32.174
= 77.474337494 ft.lbf/lbm
(Pers. 2.10-17, Geankoplis)
Jadi, total energi yang hilang akibat gesekan:
ΣF = Ff + hf
= 77.086269 + 77.474337
= 154.56061 ft.lbf/lbm
6. Menghitung Static Head
Z1 = 20 ft
Z2 = 40 ft
g/gc = 1 lbf/lbm
ΔZ = Z2 - Z1
= 40 - 20
= 20 ft
ΔZ x (g/gc) = 20 ft x 1 lbf/lbm
= 20 ft.lbf/lbm
7. Menghitung Velocity Head
D-284
v1 = Kecepatan linier fluida ke pipa
v2 = Kecepatan linier fluida ke vaporizer
Karena pada 2 titik reference dianggap sama, maka v1 = v2
8. Menghitung Pressure Head
P1 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi

P2 = 1.5 atm = 22.05 psi
ΔP = P2 - P1
= 22.05 - 14.7
= 7.35
9. Menghitung Energi Mekanik Pompa
Δv2 g ΔP
- Ws = + ΔZ + + ΣF
2α gc 𝜌
9.3570483 2
- Ws = + 20 + 7 + 154.56061
2 x 1
= 225.6878 ft.lbf/lbm
- Ws
Wp = , dimana η = 60% (Coulson, 2005 fig 10.62)
η
225.6878 (Geankoplis, 2003 Pers. 3.3-1)
Wp =
0.6
= 376.1463 ft.lbf/lbm
10. Mengitung Broke Horse Power (BHP)
BHP = Wp x m (Geankoplis, 2003 Pers. 3.3-2)

550
m = 50,952.592 kg/jam
= 31.202801385 lb/s
376.14630478 x 31.202801385
BHP =
D-285
BHP =
550
= 21.33966989 hp
Menghitung Tenaga Motor

Berdasarkan Fig 12.18 Peters & Timmerhaus, Untuk BHP = 21.33966989 hp
diperoleh efisiensi motor sebesar 80% , sehingga power motor:
BHP
Power Motor =
η
21.34
=
80%
= 26.674587 hp
Dipilih motor standar dengan power = 1 hp
Menghitung NPSH
meninjau kavitasi:
T = 30.00 C
o
= 303.15 K
Absolute Pressure = 16 = 235.2 psi
Densitas = 43.6370 lb/ft3
Menentukan tekanan uap jenuh komponen dapat dihitung dengan persamaan:
Log P = A + B/T + C logT + DT + ET2
(Yaws, 1999 Pers. 7-1)
Konstanta Tekanan Uap Jenuh

Komponen A B C D E Pisat
H2O 29.8605 -3E+03 -7.3 2.42E-09 1.81E-06 271.7003
(Yaws, 1999)
NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) available:

P Pf Pv (Coulson, Pers. 5.7, 2005)
NPSH available = + H - -
ρ ρ ρ
D-286
g
= 1 (dalam satuan cgs/ english)
gc
43.6370
SG =
62.4
= 0.6993114903
Mencari Tekanan Uap cairan

T = 30 oC = 303.15 K
Tekanan Uap = 271.7 mmhg = 3.5750325 atm = 7565.1978 lbf/ft2
P x 2.3
Tekanan Uap (Pvp) =
SG
7565.1978 x 2.3
=
0.699311490269195
= 24881.552 lb/ft2
P Pf Pv
ρ ρ ρ
2116 #REF! 24882
= + 40 - -
43.637 43.64 43.64
= #REF! ft
NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) required:

Berdasarkan Coulson (2005) hal. 212
Untuk kecepatan alir < 100 m3/jam NPSH yg dibutuhkan= 3 m = 9.8424 ft
Untuk kecepatan alir > 100 m /jam NPSH yg dibutuhkan=
3
6 m = 19.685 ft
Q = 72.882736339516 m3/jam
Diperoleh NPSH available > NPSH required, maka pompa aman dari kavitasi.
D.12 Pompa 2
Kode : L-215
Fungsi : Memompakan HCl dari tangki penyimpanan ke Heater
Tipe : Centrifuge pump
D-287
o
= 303.15 K
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
HCl 0.44134 0.26957 0.3187 324.65
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
HCl -1.5150 1.95E+02 3.07E-03 -1.38E-05
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
(Yaws, 1999)

Massa µi ρ µ
Komponen xi xi.ρ xi.µ
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/m3) (cP)
HCl 2878.1493 78.85 0.1885 766 144.48568 0.062 0.0116821
H2O 6116.0672 339.4044 0.811 1023 830.0344 0.815 0.6613775
Total 8994.2165 418.26 1 1789 974.52008 0.6730596
= 60.8366 lb/ft3
= 1.6288 lb/ft.h
D-288
= 4.52E-04 lb/ft.s
= 6.73E-04 kg/m.s
laju alir
Q =
densitas
8994.22 kg/jam
=
974.52007567 kg/m3
= 9.2293804054 m3/jam
= 0.0025637168 m3/detik = 0.0905368889 ft3/detik

Penentuan diameter optimum pipa ditentukan menggunakan per. 46 hal. 365
Peters & Timmerhaus dengan mengasumsikan aliran turbulen (Nre > 2100).
Diopt = 0.363 qf0,45 𝜌 0.13

Diopt = 0.363 x 0.0025637 0.45 x 974.5201 0.13
Diopt = 0.0605956 m = 2.385648 in
Dipilih pipa nominal dengan spesifikasi

Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) = 2.5 in (standarisasi)
Schedule (sch) = 40
= 0.2057418 ft
= 0.0627101 m
Luas Penampang (A) = 4.79 in2 (Kern, 1965 hal-844)
4xQ
D-289
π x ID2
0.0102549 m3/s
=
0.0123482 m2
= 0.830473 m/s = 2.7246158 ft/s

𝜌 ID v
NRe =
µ
974.5201 x 0.0627101 x 0.830473
=
6.73E-04
= 75405.017633 (Turbulen)
Ɛ = 4.6E-05 m
Ɛ 4.6E-05
NRe = 75405.018 , dan = = 0.0007335
D 0.0627101
Diperoleh nilai,
f = 0.0055
ΔL = Jumlah Panjang Pipa Lurus

= 3 m + 2 m + 5m + 10 m
= 20 m
= 65.616 ft
ID = 0.2057418 ft
= 2.469 in
D-290
Friction Loss
elbow 900 2 0.75 1.5 35 144.69
(Geankoplis, 2003 Tabel 2.10-1)
= 65.616 + 144.69
= 210.306 ft
= 2523.6976 in
ΔPf = 8f (ƩL/di) (ρv2/2) (Coulson, Pers. 5.3, 2005)

ΔPf = 8x 0.0055 x ### x 30.418
ΔPf = 1368.0972 lbf/ft2
Pada pipa lurus

4f x ΔL x v2
Ff =
D x 2gc
4 x 0.0055 x 65.616 x 2.7246158 2
=
0.2057 x 2 x 32.174
= 0.8094415 ft.lbf/lbm (Geankoplis, 2003 Pers. 2.10-66)
Losses in fittings
Kf = 0.75
v2
hf = 2 ( Kf )
2 gc
2.7246158 2
= 2 ( 0.75 x )
2 x 32.174
= 0.1730480696 ft.lbf/lbm
D-291
ΣF = Ff + hf
= 0.8094415 + 0.1730481
= 0.9824896 ft.lbf/lbm
Z1 = 0 ft
Z2 = 6 ft
g/gc = 1 lbf/lbm
ΔZ = Z2 - Z1
= 6 - 0
= 6 ft
= 6 ft.lbf/lbm

v2 = Kecepatan linier fluida ke heater
P1 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi

P2 = 1.5 atm = 22.05 psi
ΔP = P2 - P1
= 22.05 - 14.7
= 7.35
Sehingga, ΔP/ρ = 0.0075
D-292
Δv2 g ΔP
- Ws = + ΔZ + + ΣF
2α gc 𝜌
0.830473 2
- Ws = + 6 + 0 + 0.9824896
2 x 1
= 7.3349 ft.lbf/lbm
- Ws
η
7.3349
Wp =
0.62

550
m = 8,994.216 kg/jam
= 5.5079582433 lb/s
11.830442643 x 5.5079582433
BHP =
550
= 0.1184756074 hp

Berdasarkan Fig 12.18 Peters & Timmerthaus, Untuk BHP = 0.1184756074 hp
BHP
Power Motor =
η
0.1185
=
80%
= 0.1480945 hp
D-293
Menghitung NPSH
meninjau kavitasi:
T = 30.00 C
o
= 303.15 K
Densitas = 60.8366 lbm/ft3

(Yaws, 1999 Pers. 7-1)

H2O 29.8605 -3E+03 -7.3 2.42E-09 1.81E-06 2.8302114
(Yaws, table 7.1. 1999:181)

ρ ρ ρ
g
gc
60.8366
SG =
62.4
= 0.9749458218

T = 30 oC = 303.15 K
P x 2.3
Tekanan Uap (Pvp) =
SG
0.7880414 x 2.3
=
D-294
=
0.974945821760909
= 1.8590728 lb/ft2
P Pf Pv
ρ ρ ρ
2116 1368 1.8591
= + 6 - -
60.837 60.84 60.84
= 18.266686849 ft

Untuk kecepatan alir > 100 m3/jam NPSH yg dibutuhkan= 6 m = 19.685 ft
Q = 9.2293804053817 m3/jam
D.13 Pompa 3
Kode : L-312
Fungsi : Memompakan NH4Cl dari Reaktor ke Crystallizer
Data Operasi : Temperatur = 75.00 oC = 348.15 K
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
D-295
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.30E+02 -4.757E-12 1.78E-15
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.3E-05
(Yaws, 1999)

Massa BM ρ µ
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kg/m3) (cP)
NH4Cl 14624.18 53.50 0.8037 2172 1745.6624 16.328 13.122452
H2O 3572.490 18.02 0.196 980 192.47357 0.3755 0.0737119
Total 18196.673 1 3152 1938.136 13.196164
= 120.9925 lb/ft3
= 31.934717 lb/ft.h
= 8.87E-03 lb/ft.s
= 1.32E-02 kg/m.s
laju alir
Q =
densitas
18196.67 kg/jam
=
1938.1359918 kg/m3
= 9.3887491273 m3/jam
= 0.0026079859 m3/detik = 0.0921002386 ft3/detik
D-296
Diopt = 0.363 qf0,45 𝜌 0.13

Diopt = 0.363 x 0.002608 0.45 x 1938.136 0.13
Diopt = 0.0667735 m = 2.6288714 in

Schedule (sch) = 40
= 0.2556564 ft
= 0.0779241 m
4xQ
π x ID2
0.0104319 m3/s
=
0.0190666 m2
= 0.5471321 m/s = 1.7950309 ft/s

𝜌 ID v
NRe =
µ
1938.136 x 0.0779241 x 0.5471321
=
1.32E-02
= 6261.8177431 (Turbulen)
D-297
Ɛ = 4.6E-05 m
Ɛ 4.6E-05
NRe = 6261.8177 , dan = = 0.0005903
D 0.0779241
Diperoleh nilai,
f = 0.008

= 5 m + 5 m + 25 m + 5m
= 40 m
= 131.23 ft
ID = 0.2556564 ft
= 3.068 in

Friction Loss
elbow 900 2 0.75 1.5 35 144.69
= 131.232 + 144.69
= 275.922 ft
= 3311.0976 in
D-298
ΔPf = 8x 0.0080 x ### x 60.496
ΔPf = 4178.6702 lbf/ft 2
Pada pipa lurus

4f x ΔL x v2
Ff =
D x 2gc
4 x 0.0080 x 131.232 x 1.7950309 2
=
0.2557 x 2 x 32.174
Losses in fittings
Kf = 0.75
v2
hf = 2 ( Kf )
2 gc
1.7950309 2
= 2 ( 0.75 x )
2 x 32.174
= 0.0751103998 ft.lbf/lbm

ΣF = Ff + hf
= 0.8225112 + 0.0751104
= 0.8976216 ft.lbf/lbm
Z1 = 20 ft
Z2 = 40 ft
g/gc = 1 lbf/lbm
ΔZ = Z2 - Z1
= 40 - 20
D-299
= 20 ft
= 20 ft.lbf/lbm

P1 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi

P2 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi
ΔP = P2 - P1
= 14.7 - 14.7
= 0
Δv2 g ΔP
- Ws = + ΔZ + + ΣF
2α gc 𝜌
0.5471321 2
- Ws = + 20 + 0 + 0.8976216
2 x 1
= 21.0473 ft.lbf/lbm
- Ws
η
21.0473
Wp =
0.62
D-300
550
m = 18,196.673 kg/jam
= 11.143440116 lb/s
33.947255359 x 11.143440116
BHP =
550
= 0.6877985586 hp

BHP
Power Motor =
η
0.6878
=
80%
= 0.8597482 hp
Menghitung NPSH
meninjau kavitasi:
T = 30.00 C
o
= 303.15 K

(Yaws, 1999 Pers. 7-1)

D-301
H2O 29.8605 -3E+03 -7.3 2.42E-09 1.81E-06 2.8302114
(Yaws, 1999)

ρ ρ ρ
g
gc
120.9925
SG =
62.4
= 1.9389827202

T = 30 oC = 303.15 K
P x 2.3
Tekanan Uap (Pvp) =
SG
0.7880414 x 2.3
=
1.9389827202493
= 0.9347661 lb/ft2
P Pf Pv
ρ ρ ρ
2116 4179 0.9348
= + 40 - -
121 120.99 120.99
= 22.946177454 ft

Q = 9.3887491272974 m /jam 3
D-302
D.14 Pompa 4
Kode : L-411
Fungsi : Memompakan NH4Cl dari Centrifuge ke Diss.Tank
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.30E+02 -4.757E-12 1.777E-15
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
(Yaws, 1999)

Massa BM ρ µ
NH4Cl 66.84 53.50 0.02 2172 43.442069 66.328 1.3265614
D-303
H2O 3275.4011 18.02 0.980 980 960.76725 0.3755 0.3679466
Total 3342.246 1 3152 1004.2093 1.694508
𝜌 campuran = 1004.2093 kg/m 3
= 62.6900 lb/ft3
= 4.1007094 lb/ft.h
= 1.14E-03 lb/ft.s
= 1.69E-03 kg/m.s
laju alir
Q =
densitas
3342.25 kg/jam
=
1004.209323 kg/m3
= 3.3282363781 m3/jam
= 0.0009245101 m3/detik = 0.032648797 ft3/detik

Diopt = 0.363 qf0,45 𝜌 0.13

Diopt = 0.363 x 0.0009245 0.45 x 1004.2093 0.13
Diopt = 0.0384418 m = 1.5134547 in

Schedule (sch) = 40
D-304
= 0.1722431 ft
= 0.0524997 m
4xQ
π x ID2
0.003698 m3/s
=
0.0086545 m2
= 0.4272955 m/s = 1.4018712 ft/s

𝜌 ID v
NRe =
µ
1004.2093 x 0.0524997 x 0.4272955
=
1.69E-03
= 13294.310211 (Turbulen)
Ɛ = 4.6E-05 m
Ɛ 4.6E-05
NRe = 13294.31 , dan = = 0.0008762
D 0.0524997
Diperoleh nilai,
f = 0.0075
D-305
= 12 m + 3 m + 7 m + 7 m + 7 m
= 36 m
= 118.11 ft
ID = 0.1722431 ft
= 2.067 in

Friction Loss
elbow 900 3 0.75 2.25 35 217
= 118.1088 + 217.035
= 335.1438 ft
= 4021.7665 in

ΔPf = 8x 0.0075 x ### x 31.345
ΔPf = 3659.3935 lbf/ft2
Pada pipa lurus

4f x ΔL x v2
Ff =
D x 2gc
4 x 0.0075 x 118.1088 x 1.4018712 2
=
0.1722 x 2 x 32.174
Losses in fittings
Kf = 0.75
v2
hf = 3 ( Kf )
D-306
hf = 3 ( Kf )
2 gc
1.4018712 2
= 3 ( 0.75 x )
2 x 32.174
= 0.068716923 ft.lbf/lbm

ΣF = Ff + hf
= 0.628265 + 0.0687169
= 0.6969819 ft.lbf/lbm
Z1 = 20 ft
Z2 = 40 ft
g/gc = 1 lbf/lbm
ΔZ = Z2 - Z1
= 40 - 20
= 20 ft
= 20 ft.lbf/lbm

P1 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi

P2 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi
ΔP = P2 - P1
= 14.7 - 14.7
D-307
= 0
Δv2 g ΔP
- Ws = + ΔZ + + ΣF
2α gc 𝜌
0.4272955 2
- Ws = + 20 + 0 + 0.6969819
2 x 1
- Ws
η
20.7883
Wp =
0.62

550
m = 3,342.246 kg/jam
= 2.0467543143 lb/s
33.529471976 x 2.0467543143
BHP =
550
= 0.1247756208 hp

BHP
Power Motor =
η
0.1248
=
80%
D-308
= 0.1559695 hp
Menghitung NPSH
meninjau kavitasi:
T = 30.00 C
o
= 303.15 K
(Yaws, 1999 Pers. 7-1)

H2O 29.8605 -3E+03 -7.3 2.42E-09 1.81E-06 2.8302114
(Yaws, 1999)

ρ ρ ρ
g
gc
62.6900
SG =
62.4
= 1.0046480397

T = 30 oC = 303.15 K
P x 2.3
Tekanan Uap (Pvp) =
D-309
Tekanan Uap (Pvp) =
SG
0.7880414 x 2.3
=
1.00464803966069
= 1.8041097 lb/ft2
P Pf Pv
ρ ρ ρ
2116 3659 1.8041
= + 40 - -
62.69 62.69 62.69
= 15.355292426 ft

Q = 3.3282363780803 m3/jam
D.15 Pompa 5
Kode : L-413
Fungsi : Memompakan NH4Cl dari Dissolving Tank ke Heater
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
D-310
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.30E+02 -4.757E-12 1.777E-15
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
(Yaws, 1999)

Massa BM ρ µ
NH4Cl 1562.500 53.50 0.3117 2172 676.97245 46.328 14.4389
H2O 3450.8689 18.02 0.688 980 674.82461 0.3755 0.2584387
Total 5013.369 1 3152 1351.7971 14.6974
𝜌 campuran = 1351.7971 kg/m 3
= 84.3890 lb/ft3
= 35.567611 lb/ft.h
= 9.88E-03 lb/ft.s
= 1.47E-02 kg/m.s
laju alir
Q =
densitas
5013.37 kg/jam
=
1351.7970588 kg/m3
D-311
= 3.7086697795 m3/jam
= 0.001030186 m3/detik = 0.0363807113 ft3/detik

Diopt = 0.363 qf0,45 𝜌 0.13

Diopt = 0.363 x 0.0010302 0.45 x 1351.7971 0.13
Diopt = 0.0419505 m = 1.6515913 in

Schedule (sch) = 40
= 0.1722431 ft
= 0.0524997 m
4xQ
π x ID2
0.0041207 m3/s
=
0.0086545 m2
= 0.4761375 m/s = 1.5621118 ft/s

𝜌 ID v
NRe =
µ
1351.7971 x 0.0524997 x 0.4761375
=
1.47E-02
= 2299.1184741 (Turbulen)
D-312
Ɛ = 4.6E-05 m
Ɛ 4.6E-05
NRe = 2299.1185 , dan = = 0.0008762
D 0.0524997
Diperoleh nilai,
f = 0.012

= 5 m + 2 m + 3m
= 10 m
= 32.808 ft
ID = 0.1722431 ft
= 2.067 in

Friction Loss
elbow 900 1 0.75 0.75 35 72.345
= 32.808 + 72.345
= 105.153 ft
= 1261.8488 in
D-313
ΔPf = 8x 0.0120 x 610.49 x 42.194
ΔPf = 2472.9015 lbf/ft2
Pada pipa lurus

4f x ΔL x v2
Ff =
D x 2gc
4 x 0.0120 x 32.808 x 1.5621118 2
=
0.1722 x 2 x 32.174
Losses in fittings
Kf = 0.75
v2
hf = 1 ( Kf )
2 gc
1.5621118 2
= 1 ( 0.75 x )
2 x 32.174
= 0.0284413662 ft.lbf/lbm

ΣF = Ff + hf
= 0.3467116 + 0.0284414
= 0.3751529 ft.lbf/lbm
Z1 = 20 ft
Z2 = 40 ft
g/gc = 1 lbf/lbm
D-314
ΔZ = Z2 - Z1
= 40 - 20
= 20 ft
= 20 ft.lbf/lbm

P1 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi

P2 = 1 atm = 14.7 psi
ΔP = P2 - P1
= 14.7 - 14.7
= 0
Δv2 g ΔP
- Ws = + ΔZ + + ΣF
2α gc 𝜌
0.4761375 2
- Ws = + 20 + 0 + 0.3751529
2 x 1
- Ws
η
20.4885
Wp =
0.62
D-315

550
m = 5,013.369 kg/jam
= 3.0701314103 lb/s
33.045978028 x 3.0701314103
BHP =
550
= 0.1844645366 hp

BHP
Power Motor =
η
0.1845
=
80%
= 0.2305807 hp
Menghitung NPSH
meninjau kavitasi:
T = 30.00 o
C
= 303.15 K

(Yaws, 1999 Pers. 7-1)
D-316
H2O 29.8605 -3E+03 -7.3 2.42E-09 1.81E-06 2.8302114
(Yaws, 1999)

ρ ρ ρ
g
gc
84.3890
SG =
62.4
= 1.3523876288

T = 30 oC = 303.15 K
P x 2.3
Tekanan Uap (Pvp) =
SG
0.7880414 x 2.3
=
1.35238762878333
= 1.3402188 lb/ft2
P Pf Pv
ρ ρ ρ
2116 2473 1.3402
= + 40 - -
84.389 84.39 84.39
= 35.757482466 ft

Untuk kecepatan alir > 100 m /jam NPSH yg dibutuhkan=
3
6 m = 19.685 ft
D-317
Q = 3.7086697795492 m3/jam
D-318
banyak tersedia di pasaran
D-319
MEA = Monoethanolamine C2H7NO
DEA = Diethanolamine C4H11NO2
TEA = Triethanolamine C6H15NO3
D-320
nyimpanan ke Heater
D-321
lis, 2003 Tabel 2.10-1)
D-322
D.11 Mixer 1
Kode : L-112
Fungsi : Mencampurkan larutan ammonia dengan air menjadi konsentrasi 85%
Tipe : Tangki berpengaduk
Betuk : Silinder vertikal dengan tutup atas dan tutup bawah berbentuk
torispherical
Bahan Konstruksi : Stainless Steel SA-240 Grade C
Tipe Sambungan : Double Welded Butt Joints
Data Operasi : Temperatur = -38.27 oC = 234.885 K
Tekanan = 1 atm = 14.696 psi

Kebutuhan perancangan : 1 jam
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
H 2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
Hal 194 (Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.263E-05
NH3 -8.5910 8.76E+02 2.68E-02 -3.61E-05
Hal 500 (Yaws, 1999)
Massa H2O 0.005% = 5.1772 kg/jam

F1
Massa NH3 99.95% = 10348.2974 kg/jam
F2 Massa H2O 15% untuk Pengenceran = 1818.1708 kg/jam
Massa H2O total = 1823.348 kg/jam
Tabel D.14 Data Densitas dan Viskositas Campuran Mixer 1

Massa µi ρ Vo µ
Komponen xi xi.µ
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/m ) (m3/jam)
3
(cP)
H2O 1823.3480 101.21108 0.1428 1083 1.6831809 7.6426 1.0912066
NH3 10348.297 607.65 0.8572 687 15.053947 0.2776 0.2379722
Total 12171.645 708.86213 1 727 16.737127 0.3244 1.3291789
D-279
ρ campuran = 727 kg/m3
= 45.399135 lbm/ft3
Tangki mixer dirancang dengan waktu tinggal (τ), τ = 1 jam

VL
τ =
Vo
VL = τ × Vo
= 1 jam × 16.7371 m3/jam
= 16.7371 m3
= 591.0666 ft3
Dengan faktor keamanan (over design) sebesar 20% (Peters and Timmerhaus, 1991:37), diperoleh
volume tangki
= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 16.7371 m3
= 20.0846 m3
= 709.27795 ft3 = 126.3281 bbl

Diasumsikan :
Hs = 1.5 Di
Hha = Hhb = Hh
Volume tutup flanged and dished head (Vh) adalah sebagai berkut
VT = Volume Tutup Atas + Volume Silinder + Volume Tutup Bawah
= 2 × Vh + Volume Silinder
π Di2
= 2 × 4.9E-05 Di3 + 1.5 Di
4
709.2800 ft3 = 1.1782 Di3
Di = 8.4437132 ft
= 2.5736438 m
= 101.32456 in

Hs = 1.5 × ID
= 1.5 × 101.3246 in
= 151.9868 in
= 12.6656 ft
D-280
Perhitungan Tinggi Liquid
Volume Larutan
Tinggi Larutan dalam Tangki (HL) = x Hs
Volume Tangki
591.0666 ft3
= x 13 ft
709.2780 ft3
= 10.5547 ft
= 3.2171 m

Untuk tutup atas hanya dipengaruhi tekanan operasi yaitu 1 atm. Dengan faktor keamanan sebesar
20% maka tekanan desain adalah
POperasi = 14.696
psi
Pdesain = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran ) x POperasi
= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 14.6960
= 17.6352 psi
= 1.2001 atm
Sedangkan pada shell dan tutup bawah dipengaruhi oleh tekanan hidrostatik sehingga perlu diketahui
tingggi cairan di dalam tangki
Phidrostatik = ρ x g x hliquid
= 727.2243 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s2 x 3.2171 m
= 22927.3639 Pa
= 3.324 psi
= 0.226 atm

POperasi = 14.696 psi + 3.324 psi
= 18.020 psi
= 1.226 atm
= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 18.0205
= 21.6246 psi
= 1.4716 atm

Digunakan material Carbon Steel SA-240 Grade C
Faktor pengelasan single welded butt join, E = 0.8 (Brownell, 1959. Hal 254)
Tekanan desain (Pi) tutup atas = 17.6352 psi
Tekanan desain (Pi) tutup bawah = 21.6246 psi
Jari-jari shell (Di/2), ri = 51 in
D-281
Sehingga,
ts = Pi × ri
+ C
(f × E - 0.6 × pi)
= 1095.5496 +
0.125
14987.025263208
= 0.1981 in = 1.5847989 in
16
Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
= 101 + 0.25
= 101.57 in
Digunakan OD std = 102 in

= 102 - 0.25
= 101.75 in = 2.58445 m

Berdasarkan Brownell, Tabel 5.7, hal. 89 ditentukan ID standar = 101.750 in
= 2.583 m
icr = 6 1/8 in = 0.155514 m
rc = 96 in = 2.4374 m
1 √(█( @ @rc )) (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)

W = 3 +
4 icr
1 √(█( @ 96
@ in ))
= 3 +
4 6.13 in
= 1.7397 in
P × rc × W
(2 × f × E - 0,2 P)
P × rc × W
tha = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 P
17.6352 psi × 96 in × 1.7397 in
= + 0.125
2 × 18,750 psi × 0.8 – 0.2 × 17.635 psi
= 0.2231899 in
D-282
= 0.25 = 1/4 in (standarisasi)
P × rc × W
thb = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 P
21.6246 psi × 96 in × 1.7397 in
= + 0.125
2 × 18,750 psi × 0.8 – 0.2 × 21.625 psi
= 0.2454052 in
thb (tebal tutup) = 0.2454052 in (Tabel 5-7 Brownell,1959:89)

Dapat diketahui bahwa

tha = thb = th = 0.25 in
Berdasarkan Tabel 5.6. Brownell (1959:88), untuk th =1/4 in, maka sf = 1 1/2 - 2 1/2. Diambil nilai sf
sebesar
(Fig 5.8 Brownell, 1959:87)
standar flange = 2.5 in
a = ID / 2
= 50.875 in
AB = a - icr
= 44 3/4 in
BC = r - icr
= 89 7/8 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 77.94199 in
b = r - AC
= 18.05801 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 20.80801 in
= 1.733932 ft

Hha = Hhb = OA
= 20.80801 in
= 1.733932 ft
Sehingga tinggi tangki:

Tinggi tangki total = Hs + 2Hh
= 193.6029 in
= 16.1336 ft
D-283
= 4.9175 m
Desain Sistem Pengaduk
Jenis pengaduk yang digunakan adalah flat 6 blade turbine. Digunakan jenis pengaduk ini karena
turbin memiliki range volume tinggi besar dan dapat digunakan untuk kecepatan putaran yang cukup
tinggi.
HL 3.2171 m
= = 1.244777
ID 2.58 m
Berdasarkan Walas (1990:279), level maksimum dari HL/Di adalah 1,4 dengan jumlah impelar
sebanyak 1 buah. Sehingga digunakan 1 buah impeller
Dimensi Pengaduk
Berdasarkan Tabel 3.4-1 Geankoplis (1983:144), dapat ditentukan
Da = 0.5 Di L = 0.25 Da
= 0.5 × 101.750 in = 0.25 × 50.8750 in
= 50.8750 in = 12.7188 in
= 1.2922 m = 0.3231 m
= 4.2396 ft = 1.0599 ft
W = 0.2 Da C = 0.33 Di
= 0.2 × 50.875 in = 0.3333 × 101.750 in
= 10.1750 in = 33.9167 in
= 0.2584 m = 0.8615 m
= 0.8479 ft = 2.8264 ft
H = Di L = 1/12 Di
= 101.750 in = 0.0833 × 101.750 in
= 2.5845 m = 8.4792 in
= 8.4792 ft = 0.2154 m
= 0.7066 ft
Dengan
Da : Diameter impeller
W : Jarak blade
H : Tinggi baffle
L : Panjang blade
C : Jarak pengaduk dari dasar tangki
J : Baffle
Kemudian ditentukan spesifik gravity (sg) dan water equivalent liquid height (WELH)
ρ larutan
sg =
ρ air
727.2243 kg/m3
=
1,083.2751 kg/m3
= 0.6713
D-284
WELH = HL × sg
= 3.2171 m × 0.6713
= 2.1597 m
= 85.0267 in
= 7.0856 ft
Kecepatan Putar Pengaduk (N)

Kecepatan putar pengaduk dapat ditentukan sebagai berikut
600 WELH
N = ×
π . Da 2d
600 2.1597 m
= ×
π× 1.2922 m 2 × 1.2922 m
= ###
= 2.2518 rps
Kecepatan putaran motor standar yang tersedia secara komersil adalah 4, 5, 6, 7.5, 9, 11, 13.5, 16.5,
20, 25, 30, 37, 45, 56, 68, 84, 100, 125, 155, 190, 230, 280, 350 dan 1750 rpm. (Walas, 1990:279).
Sehingga diambil kecepatan putar pengaduk
N = ###
= 155 rpm (standarisasi)
= 2.5833333 rps
Kemudian ditentukan bilangan Reynold sebagai berikut :

µ = 0.3244 cP
= 0.7852 lbm/ft.s
= 1.1684 kg/m.s
Sehingga bilangan reynoldnya adalah
Da2 × N × ρ (Pers. 3.4-1 Geankoplis, 1978:144)
NRe =
µ
1.2922 m 2
× 2.5833 rps × 727.2243 kg/m3
=
1.1684 kg/m.s
= 2,684.8217
Kebutuhan Daya
Untuk menentukan power pengaduk, dibutuhkan beberapa data sebagai berikut
Np = 4 (W/Da = 1/5 atau Da/W = 5) (Grafik 3.4-4 Geankoplis, 1983:145)
gc = 32.1740 lbm.ft/lbf.s 2
Sehingga power consumption (P) dapat dihitung sebagai berikut

Np × N3 × Da5 × ρ (Pers. 3.4-2 Geankoplis, 1983:145)
P =
gc (Pers 9.24 Mc.Cabe, 1993)
4 × ( 2.5833 rps )'3 × ( 4.2396 ft )'5 × 45.3991 lbm/ft3
=
32.1740 lbm.ft/lbf.s2
D-285
= ###
= 242.3243 Hp
Berdasarkan (Joshi, 1976:424), daya yang hilang (gland losses) adalah 10% dari power consumption
Gland losses = 10% P (Joshi, 1976:441)
= 10% × 242.32 Hp
= 24.232 Hp
Sehingga jumlah daya yang dibutuhkan (input) adalah sebagai berikut
Pinput = P + gland losses (Joshi, 1976:441)
= 242.32 Hp + 24.232 Hp
= 266.557 Hp
Berdasarkan (Joshi, 1976:424),transmission system losses adalah 20% dari power input
Transmission system losess = 20% Pinput

= 20% × 266.56 Hp
= 53.311 Hp
Sehingga daya total (Total hp) dapat dihitung sebagai berikut
Ptotal = Pinput + Transmission system losess (Joshi, 1976:441)
= 266.56 Hp + 53.311 Hp
= 319.87 Hp
Dengan efesiensi motor (ƞ) sebesar 80%, maka daya motor yang digunakan dapat dihitung
Daya = Ptotal
ƞ
= 319.868 Hp
80%
= 399.8352 Hp
D.11 Mixer 2
Kode : L-112
Fungsi : Mencampurkan larutan ammonia aqueous dengan etilen oksida
Betuk : Silinder vertikal dengan tutup atas dan tutup bawah berbentuk
torispherical

D-286
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
H 2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089 0.28253 469.15
C2H6O2 0.32502 0.25499 0.172 645.00
MEA 0.27149 0.22411 0.2015 638.00
DEA 0.30126 0.23968 0.1892 715.00
TEA 0.31608 0.24801 0.2035 787.00
Hal 194 (Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.263E-05
NH3 -8.5910 8.76E+02 2.68E-02 -3.61E-05
C2H4O -5.7794 6.70E+02 1.57E-02 -1.946E-05
C2H6O2 -16.9728 3.19E+03 3.25E-02 -2.448E-05
MEA -13.1818 2.86E+03 2.08E-02 -1.423E-05
DEA -27.9385 5.95E+03 4.41E-02 -2.587E-05
TEA -21.0078 4.79E+03 3.13E-02 -1.778E-05
Hal 500 (Yaws, 1999)

Massa µi ρ Vo µ
Komponen xi xi.µ
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/m3) (m3/jam) (cP)
H2O 3289.670 182.60421 0.0814 1070 3.073097 3.994 0.3251061
NH3 27226.406 1598.73 0.7127 669 40.718015 0.2289 0.1631152
C2H4O 20111.817 456.5368 0.204 928 21.6631585 0.4052 0.082461
C2H6O2 1.2674 0.0204 9E-06 1141 0.00111038 247.31 0.002251
MEA 331.8008 5.4322 0.002 1051 0.31582632 381.44 0.9236459
DEA 2.9503 0.0281 1E-05 1124 0.00262421 2E+05 2.5466257
TEA 0.0574 0.0004 2E-07 1148 4.9986E-05 77179 0.0132366
Total 50963.968 2243.3541 1 775 65.773881 0.4255 4.0564414

= 48.371436 lbm/ft3
D-287
VL
τ =
Vo
VL = τ × Vo
= 1 jam × 65.7739 m3/jam
= 65.7739 m3
= 2,322.7849 ft3
volume tangki
= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 65.7739 m3
= 78.9287 m3
= 2787.334 ft3 = 496.4465 bbl

Diasumsikan :
Hs = 1.5 Di
Hha = Hhb = Hh
π Di2
= 2 × 4.9E-05 Di3 + 1.5 Di
4
2787.3340 ft3 = 1.1782 Di3
Di = 13.324694 ft
= 4.0613668 m
= 159.89633 in

Hs = 1.5 × ID
= 1.5 × 159.8963 in
= 239.8445 in
= 19.9870 ft

Volume Larutan
Volume Tangki
2322.7849 ft3
= x 20 ft
2787.3340 ft3
D-288
= 16.6559 ft
= 5.0767 m

POperasi = 14.696
psi
= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 14.6960
= 17.6352 psi
= 1.2001 atm
= 774.8360 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s2 x 5.0767 m
= 38549.5486 Pa
= 5.590 psi
= 0.380 atm

= 20.286 psi
= 1.380 atm
= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 20.2857
= 24.3428 psi
= 1.6565 atm

Sehingga,
ts = pi × ri
+ C
(f. E - 0,6 pi)
= 1946.1639 +
0.125
D-289
0.125
14985.394307123
= 0.2549 in = 2.0389657 in
16
Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
= 160 + 0.25
= 160.15 in

= 168 - 0.25
= 167.75 in = 4.26085 m
2. Perhitungan Tebal Tutup Atas dan Tutup Bawah

= 4.259 m
icr = 10 1/8 in = 0.257074 m
rc = 144 in = 3.6562 m
1 √(█( @ @rc )) (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)

W = 3 +
4 icr
1 √(█( @144
@ in ))
= 3 +
4 10.13 in
= 1.6928 in
P × rc × W
(2 × f × E - 0,2 P)
P × rc × W
tha = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 P
17.6352 psi × 144 in × 1.6928 in
= + 0.125
2 × 18,750 psi × 0.8 – 0.2 × 17.635 psi
= 0.2683114 in

= 0.3125 = 0.3125 in (standarisasi)
P × rc × W
thb = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 P
D-290
24.3428 psi × 144 in × 1.6928 in
= + 0.125
2 × 18,750 psi × 0.8 – 0.2 × 24.343 psi
= 0.3228293 in


tha = 0.3125 in thb = 0.375 in
Berdasarkan Tabel 5.6. Brownell (1959:88), untuk Berdasarkan Tabel 5.6. Brownell (1959:88), untuk
th =5/16 in, maka sf = 1 1/2 - 3. Diambil nilai sf th =1/8 in, maka sf = 1 1/2 - 3. Diambil nilai sf
sebesar sebesar

standar flange = 3 in standar flange = 3 in
a = ID / 2 a = ID / 2
= 83.875 in = 83.875 in
AB = a - icr AB = a - icr
= 73 3/4 in = 73 3/4 in
BC = r - icr BC = r - icr
= 133 7/8 in = 133 7/8 in
AC = (BC - AB )2 2 0,5
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 111.72937 in = 111.72937 in
b = r - AC b = r - AC
= 32.27063 in = 32.27063 in
OA = th + b + sf OA = th + b + sf
= 35.58313 in = 35.64563 in
= 2.965142 ft = 2.970350 ft

Hha = OA Hhb = OA
= 35.58313 in = 35.64563 in
= 2.965142 ft = 2.970350 ft

Tinggi tangki total = Hs + Hha + Hhb
= 311.0732 in
= 25.9228 ft
= 7.9013 m
tinggi.
D-291
tinggi.
HL 5.0767 m
= = 1.1914812
ID 4.26 m
Berdasarkan Walas (1990:279), level maksimum dari HL/Di adalah 1,4 dengan jumlah impelar
sebanyak 1 buah. Sehingga digunakan 1 buah impeller
Dimensi Pengaduk
Da = 0.5 Di L = 0.25 Da
= 0.5 × 167.750 in = 0.25 × 83.8750 in
= 83.8750 in = 20.9688 in
= 2.1304 m = 0.5326 m
= 6.9896 ft = 1.7474 ft
W = 0.2 Da C = 0.33 Di
= 0.2 × 83.875 in = 0.3333 × 167.750 in
= 16.7750 in = 55.9167 in
= 0.4261 m = 1.4203 m
= 1.3979 ft = 4.6597 ft
H = Di L = 1/12 Di
= 167.750 in = 0.0833 × 167.750 in
= 4.2609 m = 13.9792 in
= 13.9792 ft = 0.3551 m
= 1.1649 ft
Dengan
W : Jarak blade
H : Tinggi baffle
L : Panjang blade
J : Baffle
ρ larutan
sg =
ρ air
774.8360 kg/m3
=
1,070.4737 kg/m3
= 0.7238
WELH = HL × sg
= 5.0767 m × 0.7238
= 3.6747 m
D-292
= 144.672 in
= 12.0560 ft

600 WELH
N = ×
π . Da 2d
600 3.6747 m
= ×
π× 2.1304 m 2 × 2.1304 m
= 83.25 rpm
= 1.3875 rps
20, 25, 30, 37, 45, 56, 68, 84, 100, 125, 155, 190, 230, 280, 350 dan 1750 rpm. (Walas, 1990:279).
N = 83.25 rpm
= 1.4 rps

µ = 0.4255 cP
= 1.0297 lbm/ft.s
= 1.5324 kg/m.s
NRe =
µ
2.1304 m 2
× 1.4000 rps × 774.8360 kg/m3
=
1.5324 kg/m.s
= 3,213.005
Kebutuhan Daya
gc = 32.1740 lbm.ft/lbf.s2
P =
4 × ( 1.4000 rps )' 3
× ( 6.9896 ft )' 5
× 48.3714 lbm/ft3
=
= 275,286 lbf.ft/s
= 500.5204 Hp
D-293
= 10% × 500.520 Hp
= 50.0520 Hp
= 501 Hp + 50.1 Hp
= 550.572 Hp
= 20% × 551 Hp
= 110.1 Hp
= 551 Hp + 110.1 Hp
= 660.69 Hp
Dengan efesisnsi motor (ƞ) sebesar 80%, maka daya motor yang digunakan dapat dihitung
Daya = Ptotal
ƞ
= 660.687 Hp
80%
= 825.859 Hp
D.11 Mixer 3
Kode : L-113
Fungsi : Mencampurkan larutan etilen oksida dengan recycle
Betuk : Silinder vertikal dengan tutup atas dan tutup bawah
berbentuk torispherical
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
D-294
H 2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089 0.28253 469.15
C2H6O2 0.32502 0.25499 0.172 645.00
MEA 0.27149 0.22411 0.2015 638.00
DEA 0.30126 0.23968 0.1892 715.00
TEA 0.31608 0.24801 0.2035 787.00
Hal 194 (Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.263E-05
NH3 -8.5910 8.76E+02 2.68E-02 -3.61E-05
C2H4O -5.7794 6.70E+02 1.57E-02 -1.946E-05
C2H6O2 -16.9728 3.19E+03 3.25E-02 -2.448E-05
MEA -13.1818 2.86E+03 2.08E-02 -1.423E-05
DEA -27.9385 5.95E+03 4.41E-02 -2.587E-05
TEA -21.0078 4.79E+03 3.13E-02 -1.778E-05
Hal 500 (Yaws, 1999)

Massa µi ρ Vo µ
Komponen xi xi.µ
3
(cP)
H2O 1464.027 81.265752 0.0597 1065 1.3750773 3.0946 0.1848181
NH3 16878.108 991.08 0.7283 660 25.571694 0.2115 0.1540408
C2H4O 12462.817 282.9051 0.208 920 13.550807 0.3775 0.078475
C2H6O2 1.2674 0.0204 2E-05 1137 0.00111446 157 0.0023564
MEA 331.8008 5.4322 0.004 1046 0.31731585 237.12 0.9466221
DEA 2.9503 0.0281 2E-05 1120 0.00263364 78801 1.6250088
TEA 0.0574 0.0004 3E-07 1145 5.015E-05 34491 0.0097523
Total 31141.028 1360.7329 1 763 40.818693 0.3879 3.0010735

= 47.626983 lbm/ft3

VL
τ =
Vo
VL = τ × Vo
= 1 jam × 40.8187 m3/jam
= 40.8187 m3
D-295
= 1,441.4999 ft3
volume tangki
= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 40.8187 m3
= 48.9824 m3
= 1729.795 ft3 = 308.0903 bbl

Diasumsikan :
Hs = 1.5 Di
Hha = Hhb = Hh
π Di2
= 2 × 4.9E-05 Di3 + 1.5 Di
4
1729.7950 ft3 = 1.1782 Di3
Di = 11.365602 ft
= 3.4642356 m
= 136.38723 in

Hs = 1.5 × ID
= 1.5 × 136.3872 in
= 204.5808 in
= 17.0484 ft

Volume Larutan
Volume Tangki
1441.4999 ft3
= x 17 ft
1729.7950 ft3
= 14.2070 ft
= 4.3303 m

D-296
POperasi = 14.696
psi
= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 14.6960
= 17.6352 psi
= 1.2001 atm
= 762.9110 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s2 x 4.3303 m
= 32375.6572 Pa
= 4.694 psi
= 0.319 atm

= 19.390 psi
= 1.320 atm
= ( 1 + 20 % ) x 19.3905
= 23.2686 psi
= 1.5834 atm

Sehingga,
ts = Pi
× ri
+ C
(f. E - 0,6 Pi)
= 1586.7675 +
0.125
14986.038861392
= 0.2309 in = 1.8470644 in
16
D-297
Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
= 136 + 0.25
= 136.64 in

= 138 - 0.25
= 137.75 in = 3.49885 m

= 3.497 m
icr = 8 3/8 in = 0.212641 m
rc = 132 in = 3.3515 m
1 √(█( @ @rc )) (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)

W = 3 +
4 icr
1 √(█( @132
@ in ))
= 3 +
4 8.38 in
= 1.7425 in
P × rc × W
(2 × f × E - 0,2 P)
P × rc × W
tha = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 P
17.6352 psi × 132 in × 1.7425 in
= + 0.125
2 × 18,750 psi × 0.8 – 0.2 × 17.635 psi
= 0.2602257 in

P × rc × W
thb = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 P
23.2686 psi × 132 in × 1.7425 in
= + 0.125
2 × 18,750 psi × 0.8 – 0.2 × 23.269 psi
= 0.3034287 in
D-298

tha = tha = th = 0.3125 in
Berdasarkan Tabel 5.6. Brownell (1959:88), untuk th =5/16 in, maka sf = 1 1/2 - 3. Diambil nilai sf
sebesar
standar flange = 3 in
a = ID / 2
= 68.875 in
AB = a - icr
= 60 1/2 in
BC = r - icr
= 123 5/8 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 107.80951 in
b = r - AC
= 24.19049 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 27.50299 in
= 2.291824 ft

Hha = Hhb = Hh = OA
= 27.50299 in
= 2.291824 ft

Tinggi tangki total = Hs + 2Hh
= 259.5868 in
= 21.6322 ft
= 6.5935 m
tinggi.
HL 4.3303 m
= = 1.2376371
ID 3.50 m
Berdasarkan Walas (1990:279), level maksimum dari HL/Di adalah 1,4 dengan
jumlah impelar sebanyak 1 buah. Sehingga digunakan 1 buah impeller
D-299
Dimensi Pengaduk
Da = 0.5 Di L = 0.25 Da
= 0.5 × 137.750 in = 0.25 × 68.8750 in
= 68.8750 in = 17.2188 in
= 1.7494 m = 0.4374 m
= 5.7396 ft = 1.4349 ft
W = 0.2 Da C = 0.33 Di
= 0.2 × 68.875 in = 0.3333 × 137.750 in
= 13.7750 in = 45.9167 in
= 0.3499 m = 1.1663 m
= 1.1479 ft = 3.8264 ft
H = Di L = 1/12 Di
= 137.750 in = 0.0833 × 137.750 in
= 3.4989 m = 11.4792 in
= 11.4792 ft = 0.2916 m
= 0.9566 ft
Dengan
W : Jarak blade
H : Tinggi baffle
L : Panjang blade
J : Baffle
ρ larutan
sg =
ρ air
762.9110 kg/m3
=
1,064.6870 kg/m3
= 0.7166
WELH = HL × sg
= 4.3303 m × 0.7166
= 3.1029 m
= 122.162 in
= 10.1802 ft

600 WELH
N = ×
π . Da 2d
D-300
600 3.1029 m
= ×
π× 1.7494 m 2 × 1.7494 m
= ###
= 1.7135 rps
20, 25, 30, 37, 45, 56, 68, 84, 100, 125, 155, 190, 230, 280, 350 dan 1750 rpm. (Walas, 1990:279).
N = ###
= 4.6666667 rps

µ = 0.3879 cP
= 0.9388 lbm/ft.s
= 1.3970 kg/m.s
NRe =
µ
1.7494 m 2
× 4.6667 rps × 762.9110 kg/m3
=
1.3970 kg/m.s
= 7,799.4401
Kebutuhan Daya
gc = 32.1740 lbm.ft/lbf.s2
P =
4 × ( 4.6667 rps )' 3
× ( 5.7396 ft )' 5
× 47.6270 lbm/ft3
=
= 3,748,264.0 lbf.ft/s
= 6,815.0255 Hp
= 10% × 6,815.0255 Hp
= 681.5026 Hp
= 6,815.0 Hp + 681.50 Hp
= 7,496.528 Hp
D-301
= 20% × 7,496.5 Hp
= 1,499.3 Hp
= 7,496.5 Hp + 1,499.3 Hp
= 8,995.83 Hp
Dengan efesisnsi motor (ƞ) sebesar 80%, maka daya motor yang digunakan dapat dihitung
Daya = Ptotal
ƞ
= 8,995.834 Hp
80%
= 11,244.792 Hp
D-302
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089 0.28253 469.15
C2H6O2 0.32502 0.25499 0.172 645.00
MEA 0.27149 0.22411 0.2015 638.00
DEA 0.30126 0.23968 0.1892 715.00
TEA 0.31608 0.24801 0.2035 787.00
Hal 194 (Yaws, 1999)
C2H4O -5.7794 6.70E+02 1.57E-02 -1.946E-05

C2H6O2 -16.9728 3.19E+03 3.25E-02 -2.448E-05
MEA -13.1818 2.86E+03 2.08E-02 -1.423E-05
DEA -27.9385 5.95E+03 4.41E-02 -2.587E-05
TEA -21.0078 4.79E+03 3.13E-02 -1.778E-05
Hal 500 (Yaws, 1999)
MEA = Monoethanolamine C2H7NO

DEA = Diethanolamine C4H11NO2
TEA = Triethanolamine C6H15NO3
D-303
VT = 120% × 16.7371
= 20.084553 m3
= 709.2800 ft3
bbl
D-304
P = p (HL-1)
144
= 45.3991 x 10.5547 - 1
= 3.0123182 psi
= 45.399135 lb/ft3

= 727.2243 kg/m3 x 9.8 m/s2 x 3.2171 m
= 22927.3639 Pa
= 3.324 psi
= 0.226 atm
Pdesain = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran ) x ( P + Pref )
= ( 1+ 20 % ) x ( 3.3245 + 14.6960 )
= 21.6246 psi
= 1.4716 atm
D-305
LAMPIRAN D
SPESIFIKASI ALAT
D.2 Reaktor
Kode : D-111
Fungsi : Tempat mereaksikan NH3 dengan Etilen Oksida
menjadi MEA, DEA dan TEA
Jenis : Plug flow reactor

Data Operasi : a. Temperatur = 70.00 oC = 343.15 K
Jumlah : 2 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089 0.28253 469.15
C2H6O2 0.32502 0.25499 0.172 645.00
MEA 0.27149 0.22411 0.2015 638.00
DEA 0.30126 0.23968 0.1892 715.00
TEA 0.31608 0.24801 0.2035 787.00
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
D-233
Komponen A B C D
H 2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.263E-05
NH3 -8.5910 8.76E+02 2.68E-02 -3.61E-05
C2H4O -5.7794 6.70E+02 1.57E-02 -1.946E-05
C2H6O2 -16.9728 3.19E+03 3.25E-02 -2.448E-05
MEA -13.1818 2.86E+03 2.08E-02 -1.423E-05
DEA -27.9385 5.95E+03 4.41E-02 -2.587E-05
TEA -21.0078 4.79E+03 3.13E-02 -1.778E-05
Hal 500 (Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Reaktor

Massa µi ρ Vo µ
Komponen xi xi.µ
H2O 3289.5085 182.5953 0.083 985 3.338850941 0.4023 0.0332808
NH3 26641.130 1564.3646 0.7087 526 50.68358164 0.081 0.0574136
C2H4O 20043.065 454.9762 0.206 793 25.26434713 0.1839 0.0379096
C2H6O2 1.2668 0.0204 9E-06 1078 0.001174851 3.9981 3.697E-05
MEA 331.6241 5.4293 0.002 977 0.339557489 198.62 0.4885253
DEA 2.9486 0.0280 1E-05 1064 0.002770051 32.209 0.0004092
TEA 0.0574 0.0004 2E-07 1093 5.25053E-05 39.866 6.948E-06
Total 50309.600 2207.4142 1 632 79.63033461 275.36 0.6175824

VL
τ =
Vo
VL = τ × Vo
= 1 jam × 79.6303 m3/jam
= 79.6303 m3
Dengan faktor keamanan (over design) sebesar 20% (Peters and Timmerhaus,
1991:37), diperoleh volume tangki
VT = 120% × 79.6303 m3
D-234
= 95.556402 m3
= 3374.5457 ft3

Diasumsikan :
Ls = 1.5 Di
VT = 2 × Vh + Volume Silinder
π Di 2
VT = 2 × 4.9E-05 Di3 + 1.5 Di
4
3374.5457 ft3 = 1.1782 Di3
Di = 14.20145 ft
= 4.3286019 m
= 170.4174 in

VL = V. liquid dalam silinder
3,374.546 = πID2Lls
4
3,374.546 = 158.3197 Lls
Lls = 21.3148 ft
= 255.777027394515 in
= 6.49673649582068 m

PTotal = Phidrostatik + POperasi
= ρ × g × Hliquid + 14.6960 psi
D-235
= 40224.7775 pa + 14.6960 psi
= 5.8326 psi + 14.6960 psi
= 20.5286 psi
Faktor keamanan + 20%

Pdesain = 24.6343 psi

Sehingga,
ts = pi × ri
+ C
(f. E - 0,6 pi)
= 2099.0576 +
0.125
10105.2194132251
= 0.3327 in = 2.66176113 in
16
Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
= 85 + 0.4
= 86 in
D-236
= 90 - 0.38
= 89.63 in
Tinggi silinder standar = 89.625 in

Ls std = 1.5 × ID
= 1.5 × 89.63
= 134 in
= 11.2031 ft

= 2.276 m
icr = 5 1/2 in = 0.139645 m
rc = 90 in = 2.2851 m
1 √(█( @ @ rc )) (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)

W = 3 +
4 icr
1 √(█( @ 90
@ in ))
= 3 +
4 6 in
= 1.7613 in

(2 × f × E - 0,2 P)
P × rc × W
tha = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 P
24.6343 psi × 90 in × 1.7613 in
= + 0.125
2 × 12,650 psi × 0.8 – 0.2 × 24.63 psi
= 0.3179796 in
D-237
= 0.75 in (standarisasi)
Berdasarkan Tabel 5.6. Brownell (1959:88), untuk th =3/4 in, maka sf = 1 1/2 - 3 1/2.
Diambil nilai sf sebesar
a = ID / 2
= 0.000 in
AB = a - icr
= -5 1/2 in
BC = r - icr
= 84 1/2 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 84.32082 in
b = r - AC
= 5.67918 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 9.92918 in
= 0.827399 ft
Karena tutup bawah berbentuk datar, sehingga:

thb = ts = 0.1875 in

Tinggi tutup atas:
ha = 0.169 × ID
= 0.0000 in
D-238
Tinggi tangki = Ls + ha
= 0.000000 in
= 0.000000 ft
= 0.000000 m
D.2 Tangki Penyimpanan Etilen Oksida
Kode : D-112
Fungsi : Menyimpan bahan baku etilen oksida
Bentuk : Silinder vertical dengan alas datar dan tutup conical
Data Operasi : a. Temperatur = 10.7 o
C = 283.85 K
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089 0.28253 469.15
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan Etilena Oksida

Massa BM ni ρ
Komponen xi xi.ρ
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kmol/jam) (kg/m3)
C2H4O 7649.1485 17.03 449.157281 0.999716568 882.663923617 882.413748
H2O 2.2947 18.02 0.12734184 0.000283432 1040.40111055 0.29488344
D-239
Total 7651.4432 449.284623 1 1923.06503416 882.708631

Tangki yang digunakan adalah tangki silinder (cylindrical tank) dengan
dasar datar (flat bottom), dengan pertimbangan sebagai berikut : (Brownell, 1959)
1. Bahan baku disimpan dalam fase cair jenuh
2. Kondisi operasi tangki pada tekanan 1 atm dan suhu 30⁰C
3. Konstruksi sederhana sehingga lebih ekonomis
B. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi

Bahan konstruksi yang digunakan adalah Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade D dengan
pertimbangan : (Brownell, 1959)
1. Bahan baku berupa amonia cair dengan konsentrasi minimal 99,5%
2. Terpenuhi untuk penggunaan suhu rendah sampai -40 ⁰C

m × kebutuhan perancangan × waktu dalam satu hari

VL =
densitas

=
882.708631454508 kg/m3
= 1456.2477490 m3
= 51426.9523825 ft3
Dikarenakan Volume Liquid pada perhitungan yang didapatkan yaitu 51426.95238 ft^3
penyimpanan ammonia sangat besar sehingga dibutuhkan 8 tangki sebagai
Maka:
D-240
VL
VL =
8
= 1456.2477490
m3
8
= 182.03097 m3
= 6428.369 ft3
Volume liquid menempati 80% volume tangki, sehingga:

VT = VL / 80%
= 182.0309686 / 80%
= 227.538710785 m3
= 8035.46131 ft3
= 1431.17994296 bbl
Asumsi: Ls/D = 1.5 ID

Vt = V. Silinder + V.tutup
8035.4613 = πID2Ls + 0.0847 ID3
4
8035.4613 = 1.1775 ID3 + 0.0847 ID3
ID3 = 6366.2346 ft3
ID = 18.5336 ft ID std = 20 ft
= 222.4038 in = 240 in
VL = V. liquid dalam silinder
6,428.3690 = πID2Lls
4
6,428.3690 = 314 Lls
D-241
Lls = 20.4725 ft
= 245.6702 in
= 74.8803 m

PTotal = Phidrostatik + POperasi
= ρ × g × Hliquid + 14.6960 psi
= 4012.6125 Pa + 14.6960 psi
= 0.5818 psi + 14.6960 psi
= 15.2778 psi
Faktor keamanan + 20%

Pdesain = 18.3334 psi

Digunakan material Stainless Steel SA-283 Grade C
ID = 222 in
Sehingga,
ts = pi × ID
+ C
2 × (f. E - 0,6 pi)
= 4077.4159 + 0.1250
20217.9999265044
= 0.3267 in = 2.61338051 in
16
D-242
Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
222 + 0.4
= 223 in

= 228 - 0.4
= 227.6 in
Tinggi silinder standar = 227.625 in

Ls std = 1.5 × ID
= 1.5 × 227.6
= 341 in
= 28.4531 ft

= 5.779 m
icr = 13 3/4 in = 0.349113 m
rc = 180 in = 4.5702 m
P × do (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)

2 (f × E - 0,6 P)
P × do
tha = + C
2 (f × E - 0,6 P)
18.3334 psi × 228 in
= + 0.125
2 ( 12,650 psi × 0.8 – 0.6 × 18.333 psi )
= 0.3317472 in
D-243
Berdasarkan Tabel 5.6. Brownell (1959:88), untuk th =5/16 in, maka sf = 1 1/2 - 3.
Diambil nilai sf sebesar
a = ID / 2
= 113.813 in
AB = a - icr
= 100 1/9 in
BC = r - icr
= 166 1/4 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 132.76505 in
b = r - AC
= 47.23495 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 50.54745 in
= 4.212119 ft
Karena tutup bawah berbentuk datar, sehingga:

thb = ts = 0.1875 in

Tinggi tutup atas:
ha = 0.169 × ID
D-244
= 38.4686 in
Tinggi tangki = Ls + ha
= ### in
= 31.658844 ft
= 9.649616 m
D.3 Tangki Penyimpanan Monoetanolamin (MEA)
Kode : D-112
Fungsi : Menyimpan produk monoetanolamin (MEA)
Bentuk : Silinder vertical dengan alas datar dan tutup conical
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-167
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
MEA 0.27149 0.22411 0.2015 638.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan MEA

Massa BM ni ρ
Komponen xi xi.ρ
MEA 7649.1485 17.03 449.157281 0.999716568 931.751729274 931.487641
D-245
H2O 2.2947 18.02 0.12734184 0.000283432 935.100366446 0.26503779
Total 7651.4432 449.284623 1 1866.85209572 931.752678
1 1
VT = π Di2 H sehingga, VT = π Di3
4 4
1
182.0310 ft3 = π Di3
4
Di3 = 231.67578 ft3
D-246
Di = 6.1418 ft
= 73.701239 in
pi × Di
ts (stress axial) = + C
2 × ( f × E - 0.6 × Pi )
14.6960 × 73.7012391160772
= + 0.15
2 × 12650 × 0.8 - 0.6 × 14.70
= 0.20356018 in
Untuk Storage ukuran besar, ts > 1/4 in, maka

Storage besar dengan H = 3/8 Di
H = 2.30316372238 ft
= 12 ft (standarisasi)
= 144 in
Di = 6.14176993 ft
= 20 ft (standarisasi)
= 240 in
Jumlah course = 2
Kapasitas tangki = 670 bbl (standarisasi) (Brownell, 1959 App. E)
= 2821.32813 ft3
Tebal tutup tangki = 3/16 (standarisasi)
Volume Larutan
Tinggi larutan dalam tangki (H1) = × H
Volume Tangki
51426.952382 ft3
= × 12 ft
182.03097 ft3
= 3390.21 ft
D-247
= 1033.3364 m
Tekanan hidrostatik (P) = ρ × g × l

= 882.70863 kg/m3 × 9.8 m/s2 × 1033.3364
= ### Pa
= ### psi
P desain = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran) × ( P + Pref )

= ( 1 + 20% ) × ( ### + 14.6960 ) psi
= ### psi
= ### atm

t1 = 0.0001456 x ( H - 1) x Di + C
= 0.0445 ft = 0.5344 in
t2 = 0.0001456 x ( H - 8) - 1) x Di + C
= 0.0212 ft = 0.2548 in
OD = ID + (2 × tebal shell)
= 73.70 in + 3/4 in
= 74.4512 in
= 1.89032 m
Berdasarkan Brownell, Tabel 5.7, hal. 89 ditentukan ID stan = 204 in

= 5.180 m
icr = 12 1/4 in = 0.311028 m
r = 170 in = 4.3163 m
Sehingga koreksi terhadap ID menjadi

ID = OD - (2 × tebal shell)
= 74.451 in - 3/4 in
D-248
= 73.70 in
= 1.8713 m
Hs = 3/8 × ID
= 3/8 × 74 in
= 28 in
= 5/7 m
PxrxW (Brownell, 1959 Pers. 7.77)

(2 x f x E - 0,2 P)
1 r (Brownell, 1959 Pers. 7.76)

W = x ( 3 + ( )0,5 )
4 icr
= 1.6813
tha (tebal tutup) = 0.357548 in
standar flange = 1 1/2 - 3
a = 1/2 ID
= 102 in
AB = a - icr
= 89 3/4 in
BC = r - icr
= 157 3/4 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 129.73049 in
b = r - AC
D-249
= 40.26951 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 43.64451 in
= 3.636897 ft
Total Tinggi Tangki = H + hb

= 12 + 3.636897
= 15.63690 ft
= 4.766126 m
D.3 Tangki Penyimpanan Amonium Klorida
Kode : F-360
Fungsi : Menyimpan produk NH4Cl
Bentuk : Silinder vertical dengan tutup bawah conical
b. Tekanan = 1.00 atm = 14.6960 psi
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
D-250
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.3 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan Amonium Klorida

Massa BM ni ρ
Komponen xi xi.ρ
NH4Cl 12563.131 53.50 234.824884 0.985300098 2221.24252343 2188.59048
H2O 63.131313 18.02 3.5034025 0.014699902 1022.8752672 15.0361664
Total 12626.263 238.328287 1 3244.11779063 2203.62664
Massa Amonium Klorid = 12626.2626 kg/jam × 24 jam × 1 hari

= 303030.30271 kg/hari
1. Menentukan Volume Padatan dan Volume Tangki
Volume padatan (Vp) = 303030.30271 kg/hari

= 2203.6266 kg/m3
= 137.5144 m3
Volume tangki (Vt) = ( 1+ 0.2 ) × 137.5144 m3

= 165.01723 m3
= 5827.5340 ft3
VT = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran) × Volume Larutan

165.01723 = ( 1 + 20% ) × Volume Larutan
= 137.51435789 m3
= 4856.2782947 ft3
D-251
1
Vs = π Di2 hs
4
Di : Hs = 1: 1
1
Sehingga, Vs = π Di3
4
Volume tutup tangki (Vh)

π Di3 α = 90 o (Timmerhaus, 2004)
Vh =
24 tan 1/2 α
Volume tangki (Vt)

Vt = Vs + Vh
1
137.51436 = π Di3 + 0.0808 Di3
4
Di3 = 158.68989 m
Di = 5.4140 m = 213.14828 in = 17.7623928 ft
Hs = 5.4140 m = 213.14828 in = 17.7623928 ft (Timmerhaus, 2004)
3. Penentuan Tebal Shell

P × ri
t = + C
( f × E - 0.6 × P )
Volume Padatan = 137.5144 m3

Volume Tangki = 137.51436 m3
Volume padatan
Volume Padatan dalam tangki (l = × Hs
Volume tangki
137.5144 m3
= × 5.4140 m
137.51436 m3
= 5.4140 m
D-252
Tekanan hidrostatik (P) = ρ × g × l
= 2203.6266 kg/m3 × 9.8 m/s2 × 5.4140
= 116917.76576 Pa
= 16.953076 psi
P desain = ( 1 + Faktor Kelonggaran) × ( P + Pref )

= ( 1 + 20% ) × ( 16.953076 + 14.6960 ) psi
= 37.97889 psi
= 2.584464 atm
Direncanakan bahan konstruksi Carbon Steel SA-285 grade C

dimana :
f = 13750 psia (Brownell, 1959 Tabel 13.1)
E = 0.8 (Brownell, 1959 Tabel 13.2)
C = 0.0625 in (Brownell, 1959)
Tebal shell tangki

pi × ri
ts = + C
2× ( f × E - 0.6 × pi )
37.97889 × 213.14828
= + 0.0625
2× ( 13750 × 0.8 - 0.6 × 37.97889 )
= 0.4312245 in
Tebal standar yang digunak = 1/2 in

Standarisasi diameter
Do std = di + 2ts
= 213.14828 in + ( 2× 1/2 in )
= 214.15 in ≈ 216 in
= 0.5400 m
D-253
Di std = Do std - 2ts
= 216 in - ( 2× 1/2 in )
= 215 in
Hs std = 1× Di
= 1× 215 in
= 215 in
= 5.4610 m
Tebal tutup tangki

pi × Di α = 90
t = + C
2× ( f × E - 0,6 pi ) cos 1/2 α
37.9789 × 215 1
= +
2× 13750 × 0.8 - 22.7873 × 0.5253 16
= 0.7705 in
Tebal standar yang digunak = 7/8 in (standarisasi) (Brownell, 1959)
Staright-flange dan tinggi tutup

Untuk tebal head sebesar 7/8, diperoleh panjang standar untuk sf (staright-flange)
dengan bottom head conical adalah :
Sf = 1 1/2 - 4
Di pilih = 4 in (Brownell, 1959)
Tinggi tutup :
Do
Hh =
2 tan 1/2 α
216 in
=
2 tan 1/2 90
= 66.6759 in
= 1.6936 m
D-254
Tinggi total tangki :
H total = Hs + Hh
= 215.00 in + 66.6759 in
= 281.6759 in
= 7.1546 m
D-255
D-256
#DIV/0! m3
15200 L
D-257
Volume Tutup Bawah
D-258
(Brownell, 1959. Hal 251)
D-259
maka sf = 1 1/2 - 3 1/2.
D-260
nan Etilena Oksida
xi.ρ
882.413748
0.29488344
D-261
882.708631
rikut : (Brownell, 1959)
-283 Grade D dengan
n yaitu 51426.95238 ft^3

ngki sebagai
D-262
D-263
7.77 Brownell,1959:138)
0.125
D-264
el 5-7 Brownell,1959:89)
maka sf = 1 1/2 - 3.
g 5.8 Brownell, 1959:87)
D-265
mpanan MEA
xi.ρ
931.487641
D-266
0.26503779
931.752678
D-267
0.15
D-268
m
D-269
wnell, 1959 Pers. 7.77)
D-270
D-271
an Amonium Klorida
xi.ρ
2188.59048
15.0361664
2203.62664
D-272
(Timmerhaus, 2004)
D-273
m3
wnell, 1959 Tabel 13.1)

wnell, 1959 Tabel 13.2)
0.0625
D-274
(Brownell, 1959)
(Brownell, 1959)
D-275
D.5 Expander
Kode : G-212
Fungsi : Menurunkan tekanan pada keluaran reaktor dari 20
atm menjadi 1 atm
Bentuk : Stage Reciprocating Expander

o
= 412.15 K
b. Tekanan masuk = 20 atm = 293.9200 psi
c. Tekanan keluar = 1 atm = 14.6960 psi
Densitas Produk : #DIV/0! kg/m3
Laju Alir Produk : 4189.0871 kg/jam
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.7 Data Densitas Expander NH3

Massa BM ni ρ
Komponen xi xi.ρ
NH3 4189.0871 17.03 245.982803 1 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!
D-254
Penentuan daya expander, dengan efisiensi expander
= 55% (Ulrich, 1984)
m × ΔP
Ws = η ×
ρ
1.1636 kg/detik × 279.2240 psi

= 55% ×
#DIV/0! kg/m3
= #DIV/0! hp ≈ 1 hp
D-255
D.16 Pre-Heater 1
Kode : E-216
Fungsi : Menaikkan temperatur campuran Ammonia dengan Etilen Oksida dari 30oC menjadi70oC u
Tipe : Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-285 grade C
Data Operasi : Temperatur = 30 o
C = 303.15 K

Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089 0.28253 469.15
C2H6O2 0.32502 0.25499 0.172 645.00
MEA 0.27149 0.22411 0.2015 638.00
DEA 0.30126 0.23968 0.1892 715.00
TEA 0.31608 0.24801 0.2035 787.00
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas Campuran Fluida Dingin

Komponen A B C D T (K) µ (cP) cP k
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.263E-05 296.63 0.9439 1 1
NH3 -8.5910 8.76E+02 2.68E-02 -3.61E-05 296.63 0.137 1 1
C2H4O -5.7794 6.70E+02 1.57E-02 -1.946E-05 296.63 0.2633 1 1
C2H6O2 -16.9728 3.19E+03 3.25E-02 -2.448E-05 296.63 18.796
MEA -13.1818 2.86E+03 2.08E-02 -1.423E-05 296.63 24.21
DEA -27.9385 5.95E+03 4.41E-02 -2.587E-05 296.63 884.89
TEA -21.0078 4.79E+03 3.13E-02 -1.778E-05 296.63 733.67
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.19 Data Densitas dan Viskositas Campuran Dingin

Massa µi ρ Vo
Komponen xi xi.ρ xi.µ xi.cP xi.k
3
H2O 3289.5789 182.5992 0.083 1023 3.21601177 84.586954 0.0781 0.083 0.029
NH3 26649.828 1564.8754 0.7087 594 44.8610683 421.00424 0.0971 0.794 0.198
D-316
C2H4O 20051.534 455.1684 0.206 855 23.446898 176.28536 0.0543 -0.040 -0.096
C2H6O2 1.2674 0.0204 0.000 1107 0.0011453 0.0102331 0.0002 0.000 0.000
MEA 331.8008 5.4322 0.002 1010 0.32863094 2.4838724 0.0596 0.002 -0.001
DEA 2.9503 0.0007 0.000 1091 0.0027042 0.0003551 0.0003 0.000 0.000
TEA 0.0574 0.0004 0.000 1118 5.1364E-05 0.0001947 0.0001 0.000 0.000
Total 50327.017 2208.0968 1 700.38 71.85651 681.87655 0.290 0.838 0.130
Data Viskositas Gas Campuran Fluida Panas (steam)

Komponen A B C T (K) µ (µP) µ (cP) cP k
H2O -36.826 4.29E-01 -1.62E-05 473.73 162.77 0.0163 1 #NUM!
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.19 Data Densitas dan Viskositas Panas (steam)

Massa µi ρ Vo
Komponen xi xi.ρ xi.µ xi.cP xi.k
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/m ) (m /jam)
3 3
H2O 6324.6337 351.0701 1 0.464 13630.6761 0.464 0.0163 0.4633 0.0196

(Hysys)
1. Kondisi operasi umpan (Dingin)
Laju alir massa = 50327.0173 kg/jam = 110951.95 lb/jam
Suhu masuk = -23.39 C
o
= -10.102 °F = 249.76 K
Suhu keluar = 70 C
o
= 158 °F = 343.15 K
Viskositas umpan = 0.0162 cP = 1.62E-05 kg/m.s (Hysys, NE)
Viskositas campura = 0.2896 cP = 2.90E-04 kg/m.s
Densitas umpan = 681.8765 kg/m 3
2. Kondisi operasi steam (Panas)

Laju alir massa = 6324.6337 kg/jam
Suhu masuk = 200 C
o
= 392 °F = 473.15 K
Suhu keluar = 198 C
o
= 388.4 °F = 471.15 K
Viskositas campura = 0.0163 cP = 1.63E-05 kg/m.s
Q (Panas yang diser = 17243791.21 kJ/jam = 16343896.281 Btu/jam
3. Penentuan Beda Suhu Sebenarnya (ΔT)
Parameter Thot (°F) tcold (°F) Diff. (°F) Δt

Suhu tinggi 392 158 234 Δt2
Suhu rendah 388.4 -10.102 398.502 Δt1
Diff. 3.6 168.102 164.502 Δt2-Δt1
Δt2 - Δt1
LMTD = Δt2
ln ( )
D-317
LMTD =
ln ( )
Δt1
= 308.9870 °F = 171.6594 K
T1 - T2 t2 - t1
R = S =
t2 - t1 T1 - t1
3.6 168.102
= =
168.102 402.102
= 0.0214 °F = 0.4218 °F
= 255.2320 K = 255.4562 K
Berdasarkan Fig. 18 (Kern, 1965, hal. 828), diperoleh FT = 0.998

ΔT = FT x LMTD
= 0.998 x 308.9870 °F
= 308.3690 °F
= 171.3161 K
t1 + t2 T1 + T2
tc Cold = Tc Hot =
2 2
= 73.949 °F = 390.2 °F
= 296.63144 K = 473.732 K
4. Penentuan Luas Perpindahan Panas (A)
Tabel 8 Kern, 1965, koefisien transfer panas overall untuk jenis fluida dengan
viskositas = 0.0162 cp , maka UD = 200 sampai 700 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Asumsi UD = 700 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Q (Pers. 6.11, Kern)

A =
UD x ΔT
= 75.7159 ft2
= 7.0342 m2
= 10903.0840 in2
Karena A < 200 ft2, maka heat exchanger yang digunakan adalah tipe
Double Pipe Heat Exchanger (Kern, 1965, hal. 103)
Layout DPHE
Asumsi : digunakan hairpin dengan IPS pipa 4 × 3 (Tabel 6.2 Kern hal 110)
Pemilihan pipa didapatkan dari Tabel 11 Kern halaman 844, sehingga :
Tabel D.3.22 OD dan ID

IPS OD, in ID, in
Annulus 4 4.5 4.026
Pipe 3 3.5 3.068
D-318
Evaluasi Perpindahan Panas
Annulus : Cold fluid Inner pipe : Hot fluid
a. Menentukan Reynold Number a. Menentukan Reynold Number
4.026 D = 3.1 =
D₂ = = 0.336 ft 0.256 ft
12 12
4
D₁ = = 0.292 ft
12
Flow Area Flow Area
p (D₂² - D₁²) ap = p D²
aa =
4 4
3.14 ( 0.336 ² - 0.29 ² ) = 3.14 × 0.065
aa =
4 4
= 0.022 ft² = 0.051 ft²
Equivalent Diameter (De) b. Massa Velocity
Persamaan 6.3 Kern, 1950 hal.105 Gp = W = 110951.95
D₂² - D₁² ap 0.051
De =
D₁ = 2162305.534 lb/jam.ft²
0.336 ²- 0.29 ²
=
0.292 c. Reynold Number (Rep)
= 0.0943 ft Pada Tc = 473.732 K
mmix = 0.2896 cP
b. Mass Velocity = 0.2896 × 2.4191
W 455.17 = 0.7005 lb/ft.jam
Ga = =
aa 0.022 (Yaws, 1999)
= 21072.691 lb/jam.ft²
Rep = D × Gp
c. Reynold Number (Rea) m
Pada tc = 297 K = 0.256 × 2162305.5
msteam = 0.0163 cP 0.70
= 0.0163 × 2.4191 = 789148.3100
= 0.0394 lb/ft.jam
(Yaws, 1999) d. Heat Transfer
Berdasarkan fig. 24 Kern, hal. 834
De × Ga jH = 1000
Rea =
m
0.0943 × 21072.7 Thermal Conductivity
=
0.0394 Tc = 390.20 °F
= 50442.4540 Cp = 0.4633 Btu/lb°F
(Yaws, 1999)
d. Heat Transfer k mix = 0.0196 Btu/jam.ft.°F
D-319
Berdasarkan fig. 24 Kern, hal. 834 (Yaws, 1999)
jH = 180
Untuk air-free steam cP . m 1/3
hi = 1500 Btu/jam.ft2.F ( k )
(Kern, 1983 hal. 164) 0.46 × 0.70 1/3
= ( 0.02 )
Thermal Conductivity = 2.5474
tc = 74 °F
Cp = 0.8384 Btu/lb°F
(Yaws, 1999) e. Menghitung hi
k = 0.1303 Btu/jam.ft.°F Persamaan 6.15b Kern
(Yaws, 1999) hi = jH k × c m 1/3
D ( k )
cP . m 1/3 m
( k ) = ( mw ) 0.14
1 × 0.0394 1/3 0.0196

= ( 0.1303 ) = 1000
0.2557
× 2.5474
= 0.6328 × ( 1 ) 0.14
= 195.6367 Btu/jam.ft.°F
e. Menghitung ho
Persamaan 6.15b Kern f. Menghitung hio
k c m 1/3 ID
ho = jH
De
× ( k ) hio = hi ×
OD
m 0.14 3.068
× ( mw ) = 195.6367 ×
3.5
0.1303 = 171.4896 Btu/jam.ft.°F
= 180 × 0.633
0.0943
× ( 1 ) 0.14
= 157.4472 Btu/jam.ft.°F
g. Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc

hio × ho (Kern, 1950)
Uc =
hio + ho
= 171.4896 × 157.4472
171.4896 + 157.4472
= 82.0843 Btu/jam.ft.°F
h. Desain Overall Coefficient, Ud

Dari Kern 1983 tabel 12 halaman 845, diperoleh
Rd = 0.001 jam.ft².°F/Btu
D-320
1 1 (Pers. 6.10, Kern)
= + Rd
Ud Uc
1 1
= + 0.001
Ud 82.0843
1
= 0.0132
Ud
Ud = 75.8576 jam.ft².°F/Btu
h outside annulus = 157.4472 Btu/jam.ft.°F

h outside inner pipe = 171.4896 Btu/jam.ft.°F
Uc = 82.0843 Btu/jam.ft.°F
Ud = 75.8576 jam.ft².°F/Btu
i. Luas Permukaan yang Diperlukan

A =
Ud × D t
16343896.2807802
=
75.8576 × 308.3690
= 698.6920 ft²
Dari tabel 11. Hal. 844 Kern untuk 4 IPS standar pipa surface yaitu = 1.1780 ft²/ft
698.6920 ft²
Panjang yang dibutuhkan (L) =
1.1780 ft²/ft
= 593.1172 ft
= 180.78 m
Panjang hairpin = 12, 15, dan 20 ft
Digunakan Lh = 20 ft
L
Hairpin =
2 × Lh
593.12
=
2 × 20
= 14.83 = 9 buah
Sehingga dikoneksikan dengan 2 buah 20 ft hairpin yang dirangkai seri.
Koreksi panjang pipa : L koreksi = ( 2 × Lh ) × hairpin
= ( 2 × 20 ft ) × 9
= 360 ft
j. Actual Desain
Actual surface = 360 × 1.1780
= 424.0800 ft²
Q
Ud =
D-321
Ud =
A × Dt
16,343,896.2808
=
424.0800 × 308.3690
= 124.9790 Btu/jam.ft².°F
Dirt factor, Rd
Uc - Ud
Rd =
Uc × U d
82.0843 - 75.8576
=
82.0843 × 75.8576
= 0.0010 jam.ft².°F/Btu
Rd hitung > 0,001 (dapat diterima)
Pressure Drop
a. Menentukan Nre dan friksi a. Menentukan Nre pada pipa
De' = (D₂ - D₁) Untuk Rep = 789148.3100
= 0.3355 - 0.2917 f = 0.2640
0.0035 +
= 0.0438 ft (DG/μ)^0.42
= + 0.2640
0.0035 0.42
De' × Ga 789148.31
Rea' =
m = 0.0044
0.0438 × 21072.6913 ρ = 565.34526 kg/m3
=
0.0394 = 35.2934 lb/ft3
= 2345.8489 = 0.0204244 lb/in3
Pers. 3.47b Kern :
0.26
f = 0.0035 +
(DG/μ)^0.42
0.26 b. Menentuan DP pipa
= 0.0035 + 0.42
2345.8489 4.f.Gp².L
DFp =
= 0.0136 2.g.r ².D
rliq = 25.8861 lb/ft³ = 4 × 0.0044 ×
= 0.0150 lb/in³ 2 × 4.18E+08 ×
2162305.5342 ² × 360
b. Menentukan D P karena panjang pipa 35.29 ² × 0.2557
4.f.Ga².L = 110.7815 ft
DFa =
2.g.r².De' = 1329.3779 in
4 × 0.0136 ×
=
2 × 4.2.E+08 × DPp = DFp × r
21072.6913 ² × 360 144
25.8861 ² × 0.0438 = 110.7815 × 35.293374
= 0.3552 ft 144
D-322
= 4.2627 in = 27.1518 psi
DPp di izinkan < 10 psi (memenuhi)
Ga
Va =
3600 r
21072.6913
Va =
3600 × 25.89
Va = 0.2261 psi
v²
Ft = 1 ( 2g' )
( 0.2261 )²
= 1
2 × 32.2
= 0.0823 in
(DFa + Ft) × r
DFt =
144
( 4.2627 + 0.0823 ) × 0.0150
=
144
= 0.0005 psi DPa di izinkan < 10 psi (memenuhi)
D-323
D.17 Heater 2 D.17 Heater 2
Kode : E-213 Kode

Fungsi : Menaikkan temperatur NH3 untuk umpan reaktor Fungsi
Tipe : Double Pipe Heat Exchanger Tipe
Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-285 grade C Bahan Konstruksi
Data Operasi : Temperatur = 26.96 C o
= 300.11 K Data Operasi
Densitas : 598.6984 kg/m3 Densitas
Laju Alir Massa : 4189.0871 kg/jam Laju Alir Massa
Kebutuhan perancangan : 1 hari Kebutuhan perancangan
Faktor Kelonggaran : 20 % (Timmerhaus, 1991) Faktor Kelonggaran
Jumlah : 1 unit Jumlah
Data Densitas Data D

Komponen A B n Tc Komponen
H2O
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
NH3
(Yaws, 1999) C2H4O
C2H6O2
Data Viskositas MEA
Komponen A B C D DEA
TEA
NH3 -8.5910 8.76E+02 2.68E-02 -3.61E-05
(Yaws, 1999)
Data V
Tabel D.20 Data Densitas Campuran Heater 2 Komponen
Massa BM ρ µ H2O
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kg/m ) 3
(cP) NH3
C2H4O
NH3 4189.09 17.03 1 599 598.69844 0.1279 0.1279
C2H6O2
Total 4189.0871 1 599 598.69844 0.1278824 MEA
DEA
TEA
1. Kondisi operasi umpan

Tabel D.14 Data Dens
Laju alir massa = 4189.0871 kg/jam = 9235.3452 lb/jam Massa
Komponen
Suhu masuk = 26.96 o
C = 300.11 K (kg/jam)
D-324
Suhu keluar = 75 C
o
= 348.15 K H2O 3289.5085
Viskositas umpan = 0.1279 cP = 0.3094 lb/ft.jam NH3 26641.130
Densitas umpan = 598.6984 kg/m3 C2H4O 20043.065
C2H6O2 1.2668
2. Kondisi operasi steam MEA 331.6241
DEA 2.9486
Laju alir massa = 204.6253 kg/jam = 451.1210 lb/jam TEA 0.0574
Suhu masuk = 150 C
o
= 423.15 K Total 50309.600
Suhu keluar = 145 C
o
= 418.15 K
Panas yang diserap = 43388.5379 kJ/jam = 41124.2374 Btu/jam
Viskositas umpan = 0.0930 cP = 0.2249 lb/ft.jam
3. Penentuan Beda Suhu Sebenarnya (ΔT) 1. Kondisi operasi umpan
Parameter Thot Tcold Diff. Laju alir massa

Suhu tinggi 423.15 348.15 75 Suhu masuk
Suhu rendah 418.15 300.11 118.04 Suhu keluar
Diff. 5 48.04 43.04 Viskositas umpan
Densitas umpan
Δt2 - Δt1
LMTD = Δt2 2. Kondisi operasi steam
ln ( )
Δt1
= 94.8989 K = 52.7216 o
F Laju alir massa
Suhu masuk
T1 - T2 t2 - t1 Suhu keluar
R = S =
t2 - t1 T1 - t1 Panas yang diserap
= 0.1041 K = 0.4070 K Viskositas umpan
Berdasarkan Fig. 18 (Kern, 1965, hal. 828), diperoleh FT = 1
ΔT = FT x LMTD 3. Penentuan Beda Suhu Sebenarnya
= 0.5 x 94.8989 K
= 47.4494 K = 26.3608 o
F Parameter
T1 + T2 t1 + t2 Suhu tinggi
Tc = tc =
2 2 Suhu rendah
= 420.65 K = 324.13 K Diff.
= 233.6944 o
F = 180.0722 o
F
Δt2
4. Penentuan Luas Perpindahan Panas (A) LMTD =
ln
Tabel 8 Kern, 1965, koefisien transfer panas overall untuk jenis fluida dengan = 93.5795
viskositas = 0.1279 cP , maka UD = 200 sampai 700 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Asumsi UD = 200 Btu/jam.ft2.oF T1
R =
D-325
R =
t2
Q (Pers. 6.11, Kern) = 0.1111
A =
UD x ΔT Berdasarkan Fig. 18 (Kern, 1965, hal. 82
= 7.8003 ft2 ΔT = FT
= 0.7247 m2 = 0.5
= 1123.2381 in2
= 46.7898
Karena A < 200 ft , maka heat exchanger yang digunakan adalah tipe
2 T1
Tc =
double pipe (Kern, 1965, hal. 103) 2
= 420.65
Layout DPHE (Tabel 6.2 Kern, 1965 hal 110) = 233.6944
Asumsi : digunakan hairpin dengan IPS pipa 4 x 3
Dengan menempatkan arus yang lebih besar ( FFA) dalam pipa. Sehingga dari 4. Penentuan Luas Perpindahan Pana
Tabel 11 Kern, 1965 hal 844 diperoleh :
Tabel 8 Kern, 1965, koefisien transfer p
Tabel D.84 Spesifikasi Double Pipe viskositas = 0
Annulus : Pipe : Asumsi UD =
IPS = 4 in IPS = 3 in
Sch. No. = 40 Sch. No. = 40 Q
A =
OD = 4.5 in OD = 3.50 in UD
ID = 4.026 in ID = 3.068 in = 7.9102
= 0.7349
Annulus : Hot fluid Inner pipe : Cold fluid = 1139.0744
4. Menghitung Flow Area (a) 4. Menghitung Flow Area (a) Karena A < 200
1 ft 1 ft double pipe
D2 = 4.500 in x D2 = 3.500 in x
12 in 12 in
= 0.3750 ft = 0.2917 ft
1 ft
D1 = 3.07 in x
1 ft 12 in
D1 = 4.03 in x
12 in = 0.2557 ft
= 0.3355 ft D = D2 - D1
= 0.2917 - 0.2557 = 0.036 ft
π (D2 - D1 )
2 2
aa =
4 π (D2)
ap =
3.14 ( 0.375 2
- 0.3355 ² ) 4
=
4 3.14 x ( 0.036 ² )
=
= 0.02205 ft 2
4
= 0.0010 ft2
Equivalent Diameter (De)
Pers. 6.3, Kern, 1965, hal. 105
( D22 - D12 )
De =
D-326
De =
D1
( 0.375 ² - 0.3355 ² )
=
0.3355
= 0.084 ft
5. Menghitung mass Velocity 5. Menghitung mass Velocity

w w
Ga = Gp =
aa ap
451.12 lb/jam 9235 lb/jam
= =
0.0221 ft2 0.001 ft2
= 20458.192 lb/jam.ft2 = 9069502.9 lb/jam.ft2
6. Reynold Number (Rea) 6. Reynold Number (Rep)

Tc = 420.7 ºF tc = 180.1 ºF
μsteam = 0.22 lb/ft.jam μcamp = 0.31 lb/ft.jam
De = 0.084 ft D = 0.04 ft
De x Ga D x Gp
Re,a = Re,p =
μ μ
0.084 x 20458.192 0.0360 x 9069502.9

= =
0.2249 0.3094
= 7607.6531 = 1055414.6
7. Menentukan Heat Transfer 7. Menentukan Heat Transfer

Fig. 24, Kern, 1965, hal.838 Fig. 24, Kern, 1965, hal.834
jH = 20 jH = 1000
8. Menghitung h 8. Menghitung h
Tc = 420.65 ºF tc = 180.1 ºF
k = 0.7103 W/m.K k = 0.0135 W/m.K
k = 0.4107 Btu/jam.ft.ºF k = 0.0078 Btu/jam.ft.ºF
(Yaws, 1999, Hal.553) (Yaws, 1999, Hal.508)
Cp = 0.0578 J/mol.K Cp = 0.0143 J/mol.K
Cp = 0.0008 Btu/lb.ºF Cp = 0.0002 Btu/lb.ºF
(Yaws, 1999, Hal.79) (Yaws, 1999, Hal.80)
mencari nilai cp x μ mencari nilai cp x μ
a
( ) 1/3 a
( ) 1/3
k k
0.0008 x 0.2249 0.0002 x 0.3094
= a
( )1/3 = a
( )1/3
0.4107 0.0078
= 0.0749 = 0.1995
D-327
9. Menghitung ho 9. Menghitung hi
(Kern,1965, Pers.6.15b. Hal.114) (Kern,1965, Pers.6.15b. Hal.114)
k c.μ μ k c.μ μ
ho = jH a
( )1/3 a
( )0.14 hi = jH a
( )1/3 a
( )0.14
De k μw D k μw
ho = 12.7240 Btu/jam.ft.ºF hi = 45.2216 Btu/jam.ft.ºF
10. Menghitung hio

(Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.5, Hal.111)
ID
hio = hi x
OD
3.068
= 45.221623 x
3.50
= 39.6400 Btu/jam.ft.ºF
11. Clean Overall Coefficient (Uc)
hio x ho (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.7, Hal.106)
Uc =
hio + ho
39.6400 x 12.7240
=
39.6400 + 12.7240
= 9.6322 Btu/jam.ft2.ºF
12. Design Overall Coefficient (Ud)

Dari Kern, 1965, tabel 12, Hal. 845 diperoleh:
Rd min organic vapor = 0.001 jam.ft2.ºF/Btu
1 1 (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.10, Hal.112)

= + Rd
Ud Uc
1
= + 0.001
9.632
= 0.1048
Ud = 9.5403 Btu/jam.ft2.ºF
13. Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas yang Dibutuhkan

Q (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.11, Hal.107)
A =
Ud x ∆t
41124.2374
=
9.5403 x 26.361
= 163.523 ft 2
Berdasarkan kern, 1965, tabel 11 dengan nilai IPS : 4 in, didapatkan nilai :
a" = 1.178 ft2/ft
D-328
Panjang pipa : A
L =
a"
163.523 ft2
=
1.178 ft2/ft
= 138.8138 ft

Diambil Lh = 20 ft
Hairpin terdiri dari 2 pipa (n = 2), maka jumlah hairpin yang diperlukan :
L
Hairpin =
2 x Lh
138.8138
=
2 x 20
= 3.4703 ≈ 3 buah
Koreksi panjang pipa : Lkoreksi = ( 2 x Lh ) x hairpin

= (2x 20 ft) x 3
= 120 ft linier
14. Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas yang Tersedia Sebenarnya

A = L x a"
= 120 ft x 1.178 ft2/ft
= 141.36 ft2
15. Menghitung Actual Design Overall Coefficient (UD aktual)

Q (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.11, Hal.107)
UDaktual =
A x ∆t
41124.2374
=
141.360 x 26.36
16. Menghitung Dirt Factor (Rd)

Uc - Ud (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.13, Hal.108)
Rd =
Uc + Ud
9.6322 - 9.5403
=
9.6322 x 9.5403
Rd yang diperlukan = 0.001 jam.ft2.ºF/Btu
D-329
Rd hitung > Rd diperlukan (memenuhi)
Pressure Drop
17. Menghitung Nre dan friksi 17. Menghitung Nre pada pipa
De' untuk pressure drop berbeda dengan Untuk Re,p = 1055414.6
De. Utk dgn De untuk perpindahan panas. (Kern, 1965, Pers.3.47b Hal. 53)
De' = ( D2 - D1 )
= 0.3750 - 0.3355 0.264
f = 0.0035 +
= 0.0395 ft (DG/μ)0,42
0.264
= 0.0035 +
De' x Ga 1E+06 0.42
Re,a' =
μ = 0.0043
0.0395 x 20458.192 ρ = 790.4970 kg/m3
=
0.2249 = 49.3491 lb/ft3
= 3592.3542
(Kern, 1965, Pers.3.47b Hal. 53)

0.264
f = 0.0035 +
(DG/μ)0,42
0.264
= 0.0035 +
3592 0.42
= 0.0120
ρ = 788.9574 kg/m3
= 49.2530 lb/ft3
18. Menentukan ΔP pipa 18. Menentukan ΔP pipa
4 x f x Ga x L 2
4 x f x Gp2 x L
∆Fa = ∆Fp =
2 x g x ρ2 x De' 2xgxρxD
= 0.0300 ft = 23.1429 ft
Ga ∆Fp x ρ
Va = ∆Pp =
3600 x ρ 144
20458.1917 23.143 x 49.2530
= =
3600 x 49.253 144
= 0.1153803 fps = 7.9157 psi
V2 ∆Pp untuk fluida < 10 psi (memenuhi)

Ft = 1 x
2 x g'
2
0.1153803
= 1 x
2 x 32.2
= 0.0002 ft
Untuk kondensasi di annulus :
D-330
( ∆Fa + Ft ) x ρ
∆Pa =
144
0.0302486 x 49.253
=
144
= 0.0103 psi
∆Pa untuk steam< 10 psi (memenuhi)
D.18 Heater 3
Kode : E-412
Fungsi : Menaikkan temperatur Mother Liquor
Tipe : Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
o
= 314.15 K

Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
NH4Cl 0.7546 0.300 0.25871 882.00
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
(Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
NH4Cl -0.8508 9.30E+02 -4.757E-12 1.777E-15
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.26E-05
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.21 Data Densitas Campuran Heater 3

Massa BM ρ µ
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kg/m ) 3
(cP)
NH4Cl 1562.50 53.50 0.3117 2515 783.90401 129.1 40.2373
H2O 3450.87 18 0.688 1267 871.97262 0.6507 0.4479
D-331
Total 5013.369 1 3782 1655.8766 40.6852

Suhu masuk = 41 o
C = 314.15 K
Suhu keluar = 75 o
C = 348.15 K
Densitas umpan = 1655.8766 kg/m 3
2. Kondisi operasi steam

Suhu masuk = 150 C
o
= 423.15 K
Suhu keluar = 145 C
o
= 418.15 K
Panas yang diserap = 61066.9567 kJ/jam = 57880.0795 Btu/jam
Parameter Thot Tcold Diff.

Suhu tinggi 423.15 348.15 75
Suhu rendah 418.15 314.15 104
Diff. 5 34 29
Δt2 - Δt1
LMTD = Δt2
ln ( )
Δt1
= 88.711388452454 K = 49.2841 o
F
T1 - T2 t2 - t1
R = S =
t2 - t1 T1 - t1
= 0.1471 K = 0.3269 K
Berdasarkan Fig. 18 (Kern, 1965, hal. 828), diperoleh FT = 0.98

ΔT = FT x LMTD
= 0.98 x 88.7114 K
= 86.9372 K = 48.2984 o
F
T1 + T2 t1 + t2
Tc = tc =
2 2
= 420.65 K = 331.15 K
= 233.6944 F
o
= 183.9722 o
F
D-332
viskositas = 40.685 cP , maka UD = 100 sampai 500 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Q
A =
UD x ΔT
= 11.9838 ft2
= 1.1133 m2
= 1725.6736 in2
Karena A < 200 ft2, maka heat exchanger yang digunakan adalah tipe
double pipe (Kern, 1965, hal. 103)
Layout DPHE (Tabel 6.2 Kern, 1965, hal 110)

Asumsi : digunakan hairpin dengan IPS pipa 4 x 3
Dengan menempatkan arus yang lebih besar ( FFA) dalam pipa. Sehingga dari
Tabel 11 Kern, 1965 hal 844 diperoleh :
Tabel D.84 Spesifikasi Double Pipe

Annulus : Pipe :
IPS = 4 in IPS = 3 in
Sch. No. = 40 Sch. No. = 40
OD = 4.5 in OD = 3.50 in
ID = 4.026 in ID = 3.068 in
Annulus : Hot fluid Inner pipe : Cold fluid

4. Menghitung Flow Area (a) 4. Menghitung Flow Area (a)
1 ft 1 ft
D2 = 4.500 in x D2 = 3.500 in x
12 in 12 in
= 0.3750 ft = 0.2917 ft
1 ft
D1 = 3.07 in x
1 ft 12 in
D1 = 4.03 in x
12 in = 0.2557 ft
= 0.3355 ft D = D2 - D1
= 0.2917 - 0.2557 = 0.036 ft
D-333
π (D22 - D12)
aa =
4 π (D2)
ap =
3.14 ( 0.375 2
- 0.3355 ² ) 4
=
4 3.14 x ( 0.036 ² )
=
= 0.0221 ft 2
4
Equivalent Diameter (De) = 0.0010 ft2
Pers. 6.3, Kern, 1965, hal. 105
( D22 - D12 )
De =
D1
( 0.375 ² - 0.3355 ² )
=
0.3355
= 0.084 ft
5. Menghitung mass Velocity 5. Menghitung mass Velocity
w w
Ga = Gp =
aa ap
634.92 lb/jam 11053 lb/jam
= =
0.0221 ft2 0.001 ft2
= 28793.454 lb/jam.ft2 = 10854098 lb/jam.ft2
6. Reynold Number (Rea) 6. Reynold Number (Rep)

Tc = 420.65 ºF tc = 184 ºF
μsteam = 0.449 lb/ft.jam μcamp = 98.421 lb/ft.jam
De = 0.084 ft D = 0.036 ft
De x Ga D x Gp
Re,a = Re,p =
μ μ
0.084 x 28793.454 0.0360 x 10854098
= =
0.4490 98.4211
= 5364.5565 = 3970.1605
7. Menentukan Heat Transfer 7. Menentukan Heat Transfer

Fig. 24, Kern, 1965, hal.838 Fig. 24, Kern, 1965, hal.834
jH = 40 jH = 12
8. Menghitung h 8. Menghitung h
Tc = 420.65 ºF tc = 184.0 ºF
k = 0.7103 W/m.K k = 0.0394 W/m.K
k = 0.4107 Btu/jam.ft.ºF k = 0.0228 Btu/jam.ft.ºF
(Yaws, 1999, Hal.553) (Yaws, 1999, Hal.502)
Cp = 0.0578 J/mol.K Cp = 67.2534 J/mol.K
Cp = 0.0008 Btu/lb.ºF Cp = 0.9438 Btu/lb.ºF
D-334
(Yaws, 1999, Hal.52) (Yaws, 1999, Hal.106)
mencari nilai cp x μ mencari nilai cp x μ
a
( ) 1/3 a
( ) 1/3
k k
0.0008 x 0.4490 0.9438 x 98.4211
= a
( )1/3 = a
( )1/3
0.4107 0.0228
= 0.0943 = 15.9763
9. Menghitung ho 9. Menghitung hi
(Kern,1965, Pers.6.15b. Hal.114) (Kern,1965, Pers.6.15b. Hal.114)
k c.μ μ k c.μ μ
ho = jH a
( )1/3 a
( )0.14 hi = jH a
( )1/3 a
( )0.14
De k μw D k μw
ho = 35.2957 Btu/jam.ft.ºF hi = 284.21822 Btu/jam.ft.ºF
10. Menghitung hio

(Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.5, Hal.111)
ID
hio = hi x
OD
3.068
= 284.21822 x
3.50
= 249.1376 Btu/jam.ft.ºF
11. Clean Overall Coefficient (Uc)

hio x ho (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.7, Hal.106)
Uc =
hio + ho
249.1376 x 35.2957
=
249.1376 + 35.2957
12. Design Overall Coefficient (Ud)

Dari Kern,1965, tabel 12, Hal. 845 diperoleh:
Rd min organic vapor = 0.001 jam.ft2.ºF/Btu
1 1 (Kern, 19565, Pers. 6.10, Hal.112)

= + Rd
Ud Uc
1
= + 0.001
30.916
= 0.0333
Ud = 29.9887 Btu/jam.ft2.ºF
13. Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas yang Dibutuhkan

Q (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.11, Hal.107)
A =
Ud x ∆t
D-335
57880.0795
=
29.9887 x 48.298
= 39.961 ft2
Berdasarkan kern, 1965, tabel 11 dengan nilai IPS : 4 in, didapatkan nilai :
a" = 1.178 ft2/ft
Panjang pipa : A
L =
a"
39.961 ft2
=
1.178 ft2/ft
= 33.9229 ft

Diambil Lh = 20 ft
Hairpin terdiri dari 2 pipa (n = 2), maka jumlah hairpin yang diperlukan :
L
Hairpin =
2 x Lh
33.9229
=
2 x 20
= 0.8480737 ≈ 1 buah
Koreksi panjang pipa : Lkoreksi = ( 2 x Lh ) x hairpin

= (2x 20 ft) x 1
= 40 ft linier
14. Menghitung Luas Perpindahan Panas yang Tersedia Sebenarnya

A = L x a"
= 40 ft x 1.178 ft2/ft
= 47.12 ft2
15. Menghitung Actual Design Overall Coefficient (UD aktual)

Q (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.11, Hal.107)
UDaktual =
A x ∆t
57880.0795
=
47.120 x 48.30
16. Menghitung Dirt Factor (Rd)

Uc - Ud (Kern, 1965, Pers. 6.13, Hal.108)
Rd =
D-336
Rd =
Uc + Ud
30.9158 - 29.9887
=
30.9158 x 29.9887
Rd yang diperlukan = 0.001 jam.ft2.ºF/Btu

Rd hitung > Rd diperlukan (memenuhi)
Pressure Drop
17. Menghitung Nre dan friksi 17. Menghitung Nre pada pipa
De' untuk pressure drop berbeda dengan Untuk Re,p = 3970.1605
De. Utk dgn De untuk perpindahan panas. (Kern, 1965, Pers.3.47b Hal. 53)
De' = ( D2 - D1 )
= 0.3750 - 0.3355 0.264
f = 0.0035 +
= 0.0395 ft (DG/μ)0,42
0.264
= 0.0035 +
De' x Ga 3970 0.42
Re,a' =
μ = 0.0116
0.0395 x 28793.454 ρ = 790.4970 kg/m3
=
0.4490 = 49.3491 lb/ft3
= 2533.1579
(Kern, 1965, Pers.3.47b Hal. 53)
0.264
f = 0.0035 +
(DG/μ)0,42
0.264
= 0.0035 +
2533 0.42
= 0.0133
ρ = 788.9574 kg/m3
= 49.2530 lb/ft3
18. Menentukan ΔP pipa 18. Menentukan ΔP pipa
4 x f x Ga x L 2
4 x f x Gp2 x L
∆Fa = ∆Fp =
2 x g x ρ2 x De' 2xgxρxD
= 0.0595 ft = 9.0083 ft
Ga ∆Fp x ρ
Va = ∆Pp =
3600 x ρ 144
28793.4542 9.0083 x 49.2530
= =
3600 x 49.253 144
= 0.1624 fps = 3.0812 psi
V2 ∆Pp untuk fluida < 10 psi (memenuhi)

Ft = 1 x
D-337
Ft = 1 x
2 x g'
2
0.1623896
= 1 x
2 x 32.2
= 0.0004 ft
Untuk kondensasi di annulus :

( ∆Fa + Ft ) x ρ
∆Pa =
144
0.0599 x 49.253
=
144
= 0.0205 psi
∆Pa untuk steam< 10 psi (memenuhi)
D-338
D.16 Heater 1
Kode : E-216
engan Etilen Oksida dari 30oC menjadi70oC untuk umpan reaktor Fungsi : Menaikkan temperatur campuran Ammo
Tipe : Double PipeHeat Exchanger
Data Operasi : Temperatur = 30
Tekanan = 1
Jumlah : 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B
H2O 0.3471 0.274
NH3 0.23689 0.25471
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089
Data Viskositas Campuran Fluida Dingin

Komponen A B C
H 2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02
NH3 -8.5910 8.76E+02 2.68E-02
C2H4O -5.7794 6.70E+02 1.57E-02
Tabel D.19 Data Densitas dan Viskositas Campura

Massa µi ρ
Komponen xi
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/m3)
H 2O 3289.5085 182.5953 0.083 1023
NH3 26641.130 1564.3646 0.7104 594
D-339
C2H4O 20043.065 454.9762 0.207 855
Total 49973.703 2201.9361 1 698.94
Data Viskositas Campuran Fluida Panas (steam)

Komponen A B C
H 2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02
Tabel D.19 Data Densitas dan Viskositas Panas (

Massa µi ρ
Komponen xi
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/m3)
H 2O 6324.6337 351.0701 1 0.464
1. Kondisi operasi umpan (Dingin)

Suhu masuk = -23.39 C
o
=
Suhu keluar = 70 C
o
=
Viskositas umpan = 0.0162 cP =
Densitas umpan = 683.5701 kg/m3
2. Kondisi operasi steam (Panas)

Suhu masuk = 200 C
o
=
Suhu keluar = 198 C
o
=
Panas yang diserap = 683026.4793 kJ/jam =
Parameter Thot Tcold

Suhu tinggi 473.15 343.15
Suhu rendah 471.15 249.76
Diff. 2 93.39
Δt2 - Δt1
LMTD = Δt2
ln ( )
D-340
LMTD =
ln ( )
Δt1
= 171.6594 K = 95.3663
T1 - T2
R = S
t2 - t1
= 0.0214 K
Berdasarkan Fig. 18 (Kern, 1965, hal. 828), diperoleh FT

ΔT = FT x LMTD
= 0.54 x 171.6594 K
= 92.6961 K = 51.4978
T1 + T2
Tc = tc
2
= 472.15 K
Tabel 8 Kern, 1965, koefisien transfer panas overall untuk jenis fluida d
viskositas = 0.2101 cp , maka UD = 50
Q
A =
UD x ΔT
= 167.6140 ft2
= 15.5718 m2
= 24136.4121 in2
Karena A < 200 ft2, maka heat exchanger yang digunakan adalah
Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
D-341
Fluida panas, steam - Shell side Fluida dingin, umpan - Tu
1. Menghitung Flow Area, as 1. Menghitung Flow Area, a
ID x C' x B
as = at =
144 x Pt x n
= 0.0488 ft2 =
2. Menghitung Laju Alir Massa, Gs 2. Menghitung Laju Alir Ma
W = 6324.6337 kg/jam W =
= 13943.414 lb/jam =
W
Gs = Gp =
as
= 285916.93 lb/jam.ft2 =
3. Bilangan Reynold, Res 3. Bilangan Reynold, Ret
Tav = Tc tav =
= 472.15 K =
De = 0.0592 ft IDt =
μ = 0.1621 cP x 2.4191 μ =
= 0.3922 lb/jam.ft =
De x Gs
Res = Ret =
μ
= 43191.857 =
jH = 35 (Kern, 1965, fig. 28) jH =
Tc = 472.15 K tc =
Cp = 0.4878 Btu/lbm.oF Cp =
k = 0.6303 Btu/jam.ft. F o
k =
Cp x μ Cp
( )1/3 = 0.6720 (
k k
D-342
k Cp x μ
ho = jH x ( )1/3 hio
De k
= 250.26094 Btu/jam.ft.oF = 72.16
Uc = hio x ho
hio + ho
= 56.0101 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Q
Ac =
Uc x ΔT
= 124.6903 ft2
= 11.5837 m2
4. Menghitung Dirt Factor

Uc - UD
Dirt Factor (Rd) =
Uc x UD
= 0.0069
Rd yang diperlukan = 0.001
Rd hitung > Rd yang diperlukan
(memenuhi)
5. Menghitung Pressure Drop
Res = 43191.857 Ret =

f = 0.0001 f =
N+1 = 12 x L/B s =
= 267.41941
s = 1
De = 0.059243
f x Gs2 x De x (N+1)
ΔPs = ΔFp
5.22 x 1010 De x s x φ
= 9.3666 psi
ΔPp
D-343
: E-213
: Menaikkan temperatur NH3 untuk umpan reaktor
: Double Pipe Heat Exchanger
o
= 303.15 K
: 0.0000 kg/m3
: 0 kg/jam
: 1 unit
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089 0.28253 469.15
C2H6O2 0.32502 0.25499 0.172 645.00
MEA 0.27149 0.22411 0.2015 638.00
DEA 0.30126 0.23968 0.1892 715.00
TEA 0.31608 0.24801 0.2035 787.00
Hal 194 (Yaws, 1999)
Data Viskositas
Komponen A B C D
H2O -10.2158 1.79E+03 1.77E-02 -1.263E-05
NH3 -8.5910 8.76E+02 2.68E-02 -3.61E-05
C2H4O -5.7794 6.70E+02 1.57E-02 -1.946E-05
C2H6O2 -16.9728 3.19E+03 3.25E-02 -2.448E-05
MEA -13.1818 2.86E+03 2.08E-02 -1.423E-05
DEA -27.9385 5.95E+03 4.41E-02 -2.587E-05
TEA -21.0078 4.79E+03 3.13E-02 -1.778E-05
Hal 500 (Yaws, 1999)

Massa BM ρ Vo µ
xi xi.µ xi.p
(kg/jam) (kg/kmol) (kg/m3) (m3/jam) (cP)
D-344
3289.5085 18.0153 0.0654 #REF! #REF! 0.815 0.0533 #REF!
26641.130 17.03 0.5295 #REF! #REF! 0.1279 0.0677 #REF!
20043.065 44.053 0.3984 #REF! #REF! 0.2501 0.0996 #REF!
1.2668 62.07 3E-05 #REF! #REF! 14.431 0.0004 #REF!
331.6241 61.08 0.0066 #REF! #REF! 18.064 0.1191 #REF!
2.9486 105.14 6E-05 #REF! #REF! 503.14 0.0295 #REF!
0.0574 149.19 1E-06 #REF! #REF! 449.14 0.0005 #REF!
50309.600 1 #REF! #REF! 0.3701 #REF!
= 0 kg/jam = 0 lb/jam
= 30 o
C = 303.15 K
= 75 o
C = 348.15 K
= 0.0000 cP = 0.0000 lb/ft.jam
= 0.0000 kg/m3
2. Kondisi operasi steam
= 204.6253 kg/jam = 451.1210 lb/jam

= 150 o
C = 423.15 K
= 145 o
C = 418.15 K
= 43388.5379 kJ/jam = 41124.2374 Btu/jam
= 1.0000 cP = 2.4191 lb/ft.jam
Parameter Thot Tcold Diff.

Suhu tinggi 423.15 348.15 75
Suhu rendah 418.15 303.15 115
Diff. 5 45 40
Δt2 - Δt1
Δt2
( )
Δt1
93.5795 K = 51.9886 o
F
T1 - T2 t2 - t1
S =
D-345
S =
t2 - t1 T1 - t1
0.1111 K = 0.3913 K
Berdasarkan Fig. 18 (Kern, 1965, hal. 828), diperoleh FT = 1
FT x LMTD
0.5 x 93.5795 K
46.7898 K = 25.9943 F
o
+ T2 t1 + t2
tc =
2 2
420.65 K = 325.65 K
233.6944 o
F = 180.9167 o
F
0 cP , maka UD = 200 sampai 700 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
200 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

x ΔT
7.9102 ft2
0.7349 m2
1139.0744 in2
200 ft2, maka heat exchanger yang digunakan adalah tipe
(Kern, 1965, hal. 103)
D-346
Menaikkan temperatur campuran Ammonia dengan Etilen Oksida dari 30oC menjadi70oC untuk umpan reaktor
Double PipeHeat Exchanger
Carbon Steel SA-285 grade C
30 o
C = 303.15 K
atm = 14.696 psi
kg/m 3
kg/jam
(Timmerhaus, 1991)
Data Densitas
B n Tc
0.274 0.28571 647.13
0.25471 0.2887 405.65
0.26089 0.28253 469.15
(Yaws, 1999)
Viskositas Campuran Fluida Dingin

C D µ (cP)
1.77E-02 -1.263E-05 0.815
2.68E-02 -3.61E-05 0.1279
1.57E-02 -1.946E-05 0.2501
(Yaws, 1999)
.19 Data Densitas dan Viskositas Campuran Dingin

ρ Vo
xi.ρ xi.µ
(kg/m ) (m3/jam)
3
1023 3.21594295 84.821801 0.0676

594 44.8464253 422.04434 0.0909
D-347
855 23.4369946 176.70391 0.0517
698.94 71.499363 683.57006 0.2101
ositas Campuran Fluida Panas (steam)

D µ (cP)
-1.263E-05 0.815
(Yaws, 1999)
D.19 Data Densitas dan Viskositas Panas (steam)

ρ Vo
xi.ρ xi.µ
(kg/m ) (m3/jam)
3
0.464 13630.6761 0.464 0.8150

(Hysys)
249.76 K
343.15 K
1.62E-05 kg/m.s
473.15 K
471.15 K
647381.64588 Btu/jam
Tcold Diff.
343.15 130
249.76 221.39
93.39 91.39
D-348
95.3663 o
F
t2 - t1
S =
T1 - t1
= 0.4218 K
, 1965, hal. 828), diperoleh FT = 0.54
51.4978 F
o
t1 + t2
tc =
2
= 296.455 K
sien transfer panas overall untuk jenis fluida dengan

sampai 100 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
(Pers. 6.11, Kern)
maka heat exchanger yang digunakan adalah tipe

(Kern, 1965, hal. 103)
D-349
Fluida dingin, umpan - Tube side 5. Penentuan Spesifikasi Tube
1. Menghitung Flow Area, at Berdasarkan luas perpindahan panas maksimum dar
ditetapkan tube dengan spesifikasi berikut (Tabel 10, Kern,
Nt x a't
144 x n Dimensi Tube:
0.1464 ft 2
OD = 1
BWG = 18
2. Menghitung Laju Alir Massa, Gp ID = 0.902 in
a" = 0.2618 ft
49973.703 kg/jam at' = 0.639 in2
110173.03 lb/jam A
Jumlah tube =
L x a"
W = 35.5687 buah
as Berdasarkan Tabel 9 (Kern, 1965, hl. 842), diperoleh s
752355.27 lb/jam.ft2 berikut.
Nt = 35.5687 buah ≈ 66
3. Bilangan Reynold, Ret Pitch = 1 1/4 in triangular pitch
IDshell = 13.25 in = 0.3366
tc ODtube = 1 in = 0.0254
296.46 K
6. Penentuan Koreksi UD
0.0752 ft
A = Nt x L x a"
0.2101 cP x 2.4191 = 311.0184 ft2
0.5082724 lb/jam.ft
Q
UD =
De x Gt A x ΔT
μ = 40.4190 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
111262.11
Shell side : ID =
80 (Kern, 1965, fig. 24) Baffle space =
Pass =
296.46 K Tube side Pitch =
IDshell =
80.0132 Btu/lbm. F o
Nt =
0.2794 Btu/jam.ft. F o
OD =
Pass =
x μ C' =
)1/3 = 5.2606
k
D-350
ID
= jH x
OD
72.16 Btu/jam.ft.oF
111262.11
0.0001
0.61
4 x f x Gs2 x L x n
=
5.22 x 1010 De x s
= 2.1604
ΔFp x ρ
=
144
D-351
luas perpindahan panas maksimum dari perhitungan, maka
e dengan spesifikasi berikut (Tabel 10, Kern, 1965, hal. 843).
1 in = 0.0254 m
18
= 0.0229 m
= 0.0798 m
= 0.0412 m2
Tabel 9 (Kern, 1965, hl. 842), diperoleh spesifikasi tube sbagai
66 buah
in triangular pitch
0.3366 m
0.0254 m
13.25
2.65
1
1 1/4
13.25
66
1
2
1/4
D-352
D.2.6 Akumulator (F-315)
Fungsi : Menampung sementara gas sebelum di recycle

Jenis : Horizontal drum dengan head berbentuk elliptical
Bahan kontruksi : Carbon Steel SA 285 Grade C
Jenis Sambungan : Double welded butt joints
Kondisi operasi : a. Temperatu = 116 o
C = 388.86 K
Menentukan dimensi utama Akumulator

Aliran masuk akumulator = Aliran keluar kondensor
Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
H2 O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089 0.28253 469.15
C2H6O2 0.32502 0.25499 0.172 645.00
MEA 0.27149 0.22411 0.2015 638.00
DEA 0.30126 0.23968 0.1892 715.00
TEA 0.31608 0.24801 0.2035 787.00
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan Amonia

Massa µi ρ Vo µ
Komponen xi xi.µ xi.ρ
H2O 1462.427 81.1769 0.051 940 1.5565072 ### #NUM! 47.83044
NH3 23429.40 1375.772 0.863 409 57.329268 ### #NUM! 352.5984
C2H4O 5822.481 132.1699 0.083 710 8.1991614 ### #NUM! 58.85999
C2H6O2 1.2668 0.0204 1E-05 1043 0.0012147 ### #NUM! 0.013347
MEA 331.6242 5.4293 0.003 936 0.3543793 ### #NUM! 3.186207
DEA 2.9486 0.0280 2E-05 1032 0.0028571 ### #NUM! 0.01815
TEA 0.0574 0.0004 2E-07 1064 5.395E-05 ### #NUM! 3E-04
Total 31050.21 1594.5974 1 460 67.443442 ### #NUM! 462.5068
D-346
ρ campura = 460 kg/m3
= 28.74114 lbm/ft3
Menghitung Volume Tangki

Tangki dirancang dengan waktu tinggal (τ), τ = 1 jam (Treybal hal.397, 1981)
VL
τ =
Vo
VL = τ × Vo
= 0.6 jam × 67.4434 m3/jam
= 10 men × 1.1241 m3/menit
= 11.2406 m3
= 396.956 ft3
V total tangki = volume shell + volume head

Operasi fase cair maka, Vliq = 0.8 Vt
VL
Volume tangki (VT) =
0.8
396.9563 ft3
=
0.8
= 496.1953 ft3
= 14.0507 m3
Menentukan diameter (tinggi) dan panjang vesel

Rasio L : D = 4 - 5 (Treyball hal.397, 1981)
diambil L : D = 4
Berdasarkan Brownell dan Young hal.80 untuk vesel dengan eliptical

dished head, maka:
π D2 π D3
VT = ( ) L +
4 12
π D2 π D3
= ( ) 4 D +
4 12
496.1953 ft3 = 3.143 D3 + 0.262 D3

496.1953 ft3 = 3.405 D3
D-347
496.1953
ft3 = D3
3.40476
### ft3 = D3
D = 5.2625 ft
= 63.1495 in
= 1.6040 m
Maka:
L = 4 D
= 21.0498 ft
= 252.598 in
= 6.415989 m
Dimana : D = H
Tinggi Larutan dalam Tangki (HL/l) Volume Larutan
= x H
Volume Tangki
396.9563 ft3
= x 5.262 ft
496.1953 ft3
= 4.2100 ft
= 50.5196 in
= 1.2832 m
Menentukan Tebal Shell

Digunakan faktor keamanan = 10 %
Phidrostatik (HL - 1)
= ρ
144
( 4.2100 ft - 1 )
= 28.7411 lbm/ft3 x
144
= 0.6407 psia
P desain, Pd = (P operasi + Phidrostatis) × 1,1

= ( 14.696 psia + 0.6407 psia ) × 1.1
= 16.87035 psia
Tebal dinding shell dihitung dengan persamaan:
D-348
Pr (Brownell, pers 13.1 hal 254)
ts = + C
(F.E-0,6P)
ts : tebal shell minimum (in)

P : tekanan desain (psi)
ri : inside radius of the shell (in)
f : maximum allowable stress (tabel 13.1 Brownell)
E : efisiensi pengelasan (tabel 13.2 Brownell)
C : corrosion allowance (in)
Direncanakan bahan yang digunakan untuk shell terbuat dari carbon steel
SA 285 C, dengan spesifikasi :
f = 13750 psi
E = 0.8
C = 0.125 = 1/8 (Tabel 6, Timmerhaus,1991:542)
16.8703 x 31.5747
ts = + 0.125
( 13750 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 16.8703 )
ts = 0.1735 in
Digunakan, ID std 3/16 = 0.1875 in
Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
= 63 + 0.4 in
= 64 in

= 228 - 0.4
= 227.6 in
= 5.8 m
Menghitung Tebal dan Tinggi Tutup Atas & Bawah

Pada unit tangki penyimpanan ini memiliki tutup atas berbentuk
torispherical, sehingga dilakukan perhitungan sebagai berikut :
D-349
r = 102 in
icr =
6 1/2 in
√(r/icr) (Brownell, Young, 1959, Pers. 7.76., hal 138)
1
W = (3 + )
4
= 1 3/4
P×r×W (Brownell, Young, 1959, Pers. 7.76., hal 138)

th = + C
(2fE - 0,2P)
× 102 × 1 3/4
= + ###
( 2 × 13750 × 0.8 - 0.2 × )
#VALUE!
= + ###
#VALUE!
= ### in = 1/4 in (standarisasi)
D-350
D.2.6 Akumulator (F-315)
Fungsi : Menampung sementara gas sebelum di recycle

Jenis : Horizontal drum dengan head berbentuk torispherical
Kondisi operasi : a. Temperatur = 116 C
o
= 388.86 K

Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089 0.28253 469.15
C2H6O2 0.32502 0.25499 0.172 645.00
MEA 0.27149 0.22411 0.2015 638.00
DEA 0.30126 0.23968 0.1892 715.00
TEA 0.31608 0.24801 0.2035 787.00
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan Amonia

Massa µi ρ Vo µ
Komponen xi xi.µ xi.ρ
H2O 1462.427 81.1769 0.051 940 1.55650716 ### #NUM! 47.830444
NH3 23429.40 1375.772 0.8628 409 57.3292683 ### #NUM! 352.59845
C2H4O 5822.481 132.1699 0.083 710 8.19916136 ### #NUM! 58.859988
C2H6O2 1.2668 0.0204 1E-05 1043 0.00121475 ### #NUM! 0.0133474
MEA 331.6242 5.4293 0.003 936 0.35437932 ### #NUM! 3.1862069
DEA 2.9486 0.0280 2E-05 1032 0.00285709 ### #NUM! 0.0181505
TEA 0.0574 0.0004 2E-07 1064 5.395E-05 ### #NUM! 3E-04
Total 31050.21 1594.59745 1 460 67.4434419 #NUM! #NUM! 462.50684

= 28.741142 lbm/ft3
D-233
Menghitung Volume Tangki
Tangki dirancang dengan waktu tinggal (τ), τ = 1 jam (Treybal hal.397, 1981)
VL
τ =
Vo
VL = τ × Vo
= 0.6 jam × 67.4434 m3/jam
= 10 meni × 1.1241 m3/menit
= 11.2406 m3
= 396.956 ft3
V total tangki = volume shell + volume head

Operasi fase cair maka, Vliq = 0.8 Vt
VL
Volume tangki (VT) =
0.8
396.9563 ft3
=
0.8
= 496.1953 ft3
= 14.0507 m3
Menentukan diameter (tinggi) dan panjang vesel

Rasio L : D = 4 - 5 (Treyball hal.397, 1981)
diambil L : D = 4
Berdasarkan Brownell dan Young hal.80 untuk vesel dengan eliptical dished head,
maka:
π D2 π D3
VT = ( ) L +
4 12
πD 2
π D3
= ( ) 4 D +
4 12
496.1953 ft3 = 3.143 D3 + 0.262 D3

496.1953 ft3 = 3.405 D3
496.1953
ft3 = D3
3.40476
145.73569 ft3 = D3
D = 5.2625 ft
= 63.1495 in
= 1.6040 m
D-234
Maka:
L = 4 D
= 21.0498 ft
= 252.59799 in
= 6.4159888 m
Dimana : D = H
Tinggi Larutan dalam Tangki (HL/l) Volume Larutan
= x H
Volume Tangki
396.9563 ft3
= x 5.262 ft
496.1953 ft3
= 4.2100 ft
= 50.5196 in
= 1.2832 m

Digunakan faktor keamanan = 10 %
Phidrostatik (HL - 1)
= ρ
144
( 4.2100 ft - 1 )
= 28.7411 lbm/ft3 x
144
= 0.6407 psia
P desain, Pd = (P operasi + Phidrostatis) × 1,1

= ( 14.696 psia + 0.6407 psia ) × 1.1
= 16.870349 psia

Faktor korosi, C = 0.125 in (1/8) (Tabel 6, Timmerhaus,1991:542)
Tekanan (P) = 16.8703 psi
ID = 63 in
Pr (Brownell, pers 13.1 hal 254)

ts = + C
(F.E-0,6P)
D-235
ts : tebal shell minimum (in)
P : tekanan desain (psi)
ri : inside radius of the shell (in)
f : maximum allowable stress (tabel 13.1 Brownell)
E : efisiensi pengelasan (tabel 13.2 Brownell)
C : corrosion allowance (in)
16.8703 x 31.5747
ts = + 0.125
( 13750 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 16.8703 )
ts = 0.1735 in
Digunakan, ID std 3/16 = 0.1875 in
Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
= 63 + 0.4 in
= 64 in

= 66 - 0.4
= 65.6 in
= 1.6669 m

P = 16.8703 psi = 1.666 m
icr = 4 in = 0.1016 m
rc = 66 in = 1.676 m
1 √(█( @ @rc )) (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)

W = 3 +
4 icr
1 √(█( @ 66
@ in ))
= 3 +
4 4 in
= 1.7655 in

(2 × f × E - 0,2 × P)
D-236
P × rc × W
th = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 × P
16.8703 psi × 66 in × 1.7655 in
= + 0.125
2 × 13750 × 0.8 – 0.2 × 16.870 psi
1,965.7891 psi
= + 0.125 in
21996.62593
= 0.2143678 in

= 25 in = 1/4 (standarisasi)
a = ID / 2
= 33 in
AB = a - icr
= 32 4/5 in
BC = r - icr
= 62 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 52.60551 in
b = r - AC
= 13.39449 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 41.89449 in
= 3.491068 ft
Sehingga dapat ditentukan tinggi tutup (Lha) :

Lha = Lh = OA = 41.8945 in
D-237
Perhitungan Panjang Akumulator
Sehingga panjang total Akumulator:
L Total = L + 2Lh
= 336.3870 in
= 28.0322 ft
= 8.5442 m
D-238
√(█( @ @ ))
√(█( @ @ ))
D-239
√(█( @ @ ))
√(█( @ @ ))
D-240
√(█( @ @ ))
√(█( @ @ ))
D-241
D-242
√(█( @ @ ))
√(█( @ @ ))
D-243
(Tabel 6, Timmerhaus,1991:542)
D-244
D-245
D.2.6 Flash Drum (F-315)
Fungsi : Memisahkan gas

Jenis : Vertical drum dengan head berbentuk torispherical
Kondisi operasi : a. Temperatur = 91.58 oC = 364.73 K
Liquid hold up : 10 menit
Faktor Kelonggaran : 10 %
Jumlah : 1 unit

Data Densitas
Komponen A B n Tc
H2O 0.3471 0.274 0.28571 647.13
NH3 0.23689 0.25471 0.2887 405.65
C2H4O 0.31402 0.26089 0.28253 469.15
C2H6O2 0.32502 0.25499 0.172 645.00
MEA 0.27149 0.22411 0.2015 638.00
DEA 0.30126 0.23968 0.1892 715.00
TEA 0.31608 0.24801 0.2035 787.00
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Flash Drum

Massa µi ρ Vo
Komponen xi xi.ρ
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/m3) (m3/jam)
H2O 1684.2807 93.4917 0.220 964 1.7471 212.0202
NH3 2208.394 129.6767 0.305 480 4.6050 146.2886
C2H4O 756.0025 17.1612 0.040 756 0.9997 30.5282
D-346
C2 H 6 O 2 84.3756 1.3594 0.0032 1062 0.0795 3.3959
MEA 5867.3160 96.0595 0.226 958 6.1257 216.4343
DEA 3915.2235 37.2382 0.0876 1049 3.7307 91.9293
TEA 7477.2663 50.1191 1E-01 1080 6.9258 127.2849
Total 21992.859 425.105735 1 908 24.2135 827.8814
Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Uap Campuran Flash Drum

Massa µi ρ Vo
Komponen xi xi.ρ
(kg/jam) (kmol/jam) (kg/m3) (m3/jam)
H2O 1462.4265 81.1769 1 964 1.5170 964.0537
Total 81.1769 1.5170 964.0537

= 56.7026 lbm/ft3
Vo liquid = 24.2135 m3/jam

= 0.2375 ft3/s
= 14.2516 ft3/min
Vo gas = 1.5170 m3/jam
= 0.0149 ft3/s
= 0.8928 ft3/min
Menentukan Densitas Campuran Uap (ρv)

P. BMrata 𝜌v = massa jenis campuran (kg/m3)
𝜌v =
R.T BM = berat molekul (kg/kmol)
R = 8.314 m3. kPa/kmol. K
Dimana, T = 365 K
R = 8.314 m3. kPa/kmol. K
T = 434 K
P = 14.6960 Psi
= 101.32539 kPa
Sehingga,
D-347
101.3254 kPa × 18.02 kg/kmol
𝜌v =
8.314 m3. kPa/kmol. K × 364.73 K
= 0.6021 kg/m3
= 0.0376 lb/ft3
Menentukan Kecepatan Uap (u) dan Dimensi Separator

ρ (Walas,Figure 18.9, hal. 614, 1990).
u = 0.14 x ( - 1 )0.5
ρg
56.7026
u = 0.14 x ( - 1 )0.5
0.0376
u = 5.4356 ft/s
= 326.1378 ft/min
VT.π.u
D = ( )0.5
60 . 4
15.1444 ft3/min x 3.14 x 326.1378 ft3/min
D = ( )0.5
60 x 4
D = 8.03870 ft = 96.4644 in
vapor space minimum adalah 5.5 ft (Walas hal. 618, 1990) maka tinggi cairan
VL × liquid hold up
Hliq =
π/4 × D
14.2516 ft3/min × 10 min
=
3.14 / 4 × ( 8.03870 ft )2
= 2.8094 ft
= 0.8563 m
H = Hliq + 5.5
= 2.8094 ft + 5.5
= 8.3094 ft
= 2.5327 m = 99.7134 in
D-348
H/D = 8.3094 ft / 8.03870 ft
= 1.0337
Tekanan Desain
Untuk menghitung tekanan hidrostatik, digunakan densitas Campuran
Densitas Campuran pada suhu 91.58⁰ C = 56.7026 lbm/ft3
(Hliq - 1) (Geankoplis, Hal. 46)

Phidrostatik = ρ
144
( 2.8094 ft - 1 )
= 56.7026 lbm/ft3 x
144
= 0.7125 psi
Pabs = Poperasi + Phidrostatik

= 14.6960 psi + 0.7125 psi
= 15.4085 psi
Tekanan desain 5-10% diatas kerja normal / absolut (Coulson, hal 810, 2005)
dipilih tekanan desain sebesar 10%
Maka, P desain = ( 1 + 10% ) x Pabs
= 1.1 x 15.4085 psi
= 16.9494 psi
= 1.1533 atm

Carbon Steel SA-167 Grade 3 type 304
Tegangan maksimum yang diizinkan, f = 18750 Brownell, 1959. Hal 251)
Faktor pengelasan single welded butt joint, E = 0.8 Brownell, 1959. Hal 254)
Faktor korosi, C = 0.125 in (1/8) (Timmerhaus,Tab.6, Hal
ID = 99.7134 in
D-349
Pr (Brownell, pers 13.1)
ts = + C
F × E-0.6 × P)
16.9494 × 49.8567
ts = + 0.125
( 18750 × 0.8 - 0.6 × 16.9494 )
ts = 0.1814 in
Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan tebal shell, tebal shell standar yaitu,

ts = 3/16 in = 0.0048 m (Brownel & Young, 1959, Tabel 5.7 Hal 89)
Mecari OD :
OD = ID + 2ts
= 100 + 0.4 in
= 100 in
Digunakan, OD std = 102 in = 8.5 ft = 2.5908 m

= 102 - 0.4
= 101.6 in = 8.5 ft = 2.581275 m

P = 16.9494 psi = 2.580 m
icr = 6 1/8 in = 0.1556 m
rc = 96 in = 2.438 m
1 √(█( @ @rc )) (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)

W = 3 +
4 icr
1 √(█( @ 96
@ in ))
= 3 +
4 6.13 in
= 1.7397 in
D-350
(2 × f × E - 0,2 × P)
P × rc × W
th = + C
2 × f × E – 0,2 × P
16.9494 psi × 96 in × 1.7397 in
= + 0.125
2 × 18,750 psi × 0.8 – 0.2 × 16.949 psi
= 0.2193707 in
th (tebal tutup) = 0.2194 in (Tabel 5-7 Brownell,1959:89)

a = ID / 2
= 51 in
AB = a - icr
= 44 2/3 in
BC = r - icr
= 89 7/8 in
AC = (BC2 - AB2)0,5
= 77.97784 in
b = r - AC
= 18.02216 in
OA = th + b + sf
= 20.77216 in
= 1.730944 ft

Hh = OA = 20.7722 in
D-351
H Total = H + 2Hh
= 141.2577 in
= 11.7715 ft
= 3.5879 m
D-352
18.9, hal. 614, 1990).
D-353
(Brownell & Young, 1959, hal 342)
(Timmerhaus,Tab.6, Hal. 542, 1991)
D-354
D.1.4 Menara Destilasi (D-310)
Fungsi : Memisahkan air dari Ethanolamines
Jenis : Sieve tray column
Kondisi Operasi : P = 0.59 atm
T umpan = 50 °C = 323.15 K
T dew = 131.3423 °C = 404.49 K
T bottom = 158.2727 °C = 431.42 K
Penentuan Tipe Kolom Menara Destilasi

Menara destilasi yang digunakan yaitu jenis tray colomn dengan pertimbangan
diameter kolom yang digunakan lebih dari 3 ft (0.91 m).
Jenis tray yang digunakan yaitu sieve tray dengan pertimbangan sebagai berikut:
1. Pressure drop rendah dan efisiensi tinggi.
2. Lebih murah dibandingkan dengan bubble-cup dan valve tray.
3. Biaya perawatan lebih murah karena mudah dibersihkan.
Sieve tray merupakan jenis tray yang murah dan dapat digunakan untuk berbagai
aplikasi, sedangkan valve dan bubble cup tray umumnya digunakan untuk aplikasi
tertentu (Coulson, 2005).
Penentuan Bahan Kontruksi

Bahan yang digunakan yaitu stainless stell SA 283 Grade B dengan pertimbangan
sebagai berikut:
1. Mempunyai allowable stress yang besar
2. Mempunyai struktur yang kuat dan cocok untuk pressure drop
Berdasarkan perhitungan pada Lampiran B, diketahui bahwa:
Tabel Neraca Massa Menara Destilasi I

Massa Masuk (kg/jam) Massa Keluar (kg/jam)
Komponen
Umpan Dew Bubl
Asam Kaprilat 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
Asam Kaprat 239.6717 239.6688 0.0029
Asam Laurat 117439.1309 115090.3483 2348.7826
Asam Miristat 35950.7544 719.0151 35231.7393
Asam Palmitat 17975.3772 64.1569 17911.2203
Asam Stearat 3595.0754 0.0000 3595.0754
Asam Oleat 37149.1128 0.0000 37149.1128
Asam Linoleat 3595.0754 0.0000 3595.0754
D-233
Sub Total 215944.1979 116113.1891 99831.0088
Total 215944.1979 215944.1979
Spesifikasi Menara Destilasi

A. Jumlah Plate Minimum
Jumlah plate minimum dihitung dengan persamaan Fenske, yaitu:
log [(XLK/XHK)D . (XHK/XLK)B] (Coulson Pers.11.58 hal. 420, 2005)
Nm =
log αavg LK
Berdasarkan Lampiran B, diketahui bahwa:

XLK,D = 0.9917 XLK,B = 0.0235
XHK,D = 0.0062 XHK,B = 0.3527
αD = 1.6121 αB = 1.5598
αavg = ( αD x αB )0.5 (Coulson, 2005)

= ( 1.6121092 x 1.5597849 )0.5
= 1.5857
log [(XLK/XHK)D . (XHK/XLK)B]

Nm =
log αavg LK
0.99174 0.3527
log [( )x( )]
0.00620 0.0235
=
log 1.5857
3.3804
=
0.2002
= 16.8826 stages
= 15.8826 trays
B. Menghitung Rasio Refluks

Dari Lampiran B, diketahui bahwa:
Rm = 2.2325
Rop = 3.3488
D-234
C. Menentukan Jumlah Plate Teoritis
Untuk menentukan jumlah plate teoritis, digunakan persamaan Erbar - Maddox yaitu:
Rop 3.3488
=
Rop + 1 3.3488 + 1
= 0.7701
Rm 2.2325
=
Rm + 1 2.2325 + 1
= 0.6906
Berdasarkan Fig.11.7-3 Geankoplis, 2003 (hal.688) diperoleh:

Nm
= 0.6800
N
Nm = 16.8826
N = 24.8273
= 25 (termasuk reboiler)
= 24 (tidak termasuk reboiler)
D. Penentuan Letak Feed

Untuk menentukan lokasi feed tray, digunakan persamaan Kirkbride:
Nr XHK,F B XHK,B
log ( ) = 0.206 log [( ) ( )2 ]
Ns XLK,F D XLK,D
(Coulson pers 11.62, 2005)

XLK,F = 0.5438 XLK,D = 0.9917
XHK,F = 0.1665 XHK,B = 0.3527
D = 116,113.1891 kg/jam B = 99,831.0088 kg/jam

Nr XHK,F B XHK,B
log ( ) = 0.206 log [( ) ( )2 ]
Ns XLK,F D XLK,D
0.1665 99,831.0088 0.3527
= 0.206 x log [( ) ( )2 ]
0.5438 116,113.1891 0.9917
= -0.3044
Nr
Didapat log ( ) = -0.3044 , sehingga:
Ns
Nr
= 0.4961
Ns
D-235
Nr = 0.4961 Ns
Nr + Ns = N
Nr + Ns = 24
Ns = 16.0415
= 16 (tidak termasuk reboiler)
Feed plate = 16 (tidak termasuk reboiler)
Jadi, umpan menara destilasi masuk dari plate ke - 16 dihitung dari bawah menara.
E. Efisiensi Kolom
Efisiensi kolom (Eo) = 50 - 85% (Geankoplis hal.667, 2003)
Digunakan Eo = 85 %
N
Eo =
N total
24
N total =
85 %
= 28.2353
= 28 plate
F. Menentukan Diameter Menara

1. Menentukan Diameter Puncak Menara
Menghitung Densitas Cairan
Tabel D.4 Data Densitas Cairan

Komponen A B n Tc
As. Kaprilat 0.2923 0.2668 0.2802 692
As. Kaprat 0.2873 0.2707 0.2686 713
As. Laurat 0.2842 0.2655 0.2933 734
As. Miristat 0.2817 0.2697 0.2836 756
As. Palmitat 0.2797 0.2681 0.2947 776
As. Stearat 0.2798 0.2686 0.3025 799
As. Oleat 0.2825 0.2681 0.2897 781
As. Linoleat 0.2583 0.2376 0.2860 755
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel Densitas Campuran
Laju alir ρD ρD.xiD

Komponen Berat Molekul xiD
F(kmol/jam) (kg/m3) (kg/m3)
D-236
F(kmol/jam) (kg/m3) (kg/m3)
As. Kaprilat 0.0000 144 0.0000 821.3408 0.0000
As. Kaprat 1.3934 172 0.0014 815.4451 1.1669
As. Laurat √(█( @ @

587.1957 200)) 0.6030 810.8748 488.9945
As. Miristat 157.6787 228 0.1619 808.8223 130.9766
As. Palmitat √(█( @ @

70.2163 256 )) 0.0721 807.1470 58.2047
As. Stearat 12.6587 284 0.0130 809.0423 10.5179
As. Oleat 131.7344 282 0.1353 819.7697 110.9069
As. Linoleat 12.8396 280 0.0132 819.1242 10.8011
Total 973.7169 1.0000 811.5685
ρ campuran = 811.5685 kg/m3
Menghitung Densitas Uap

Tabel Densitas Uap
Laju alir Laju alir BM BM.xiD

Komponen xiD
F(kmol/jam) D(kmol/jam) (kg/kmol) (kg/jam)
As. Kaprilat 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 144 0.0000
As. Kaprat 1.3934 1.3934 0.0014 172 0.2461
As. Laurat 587.1957 575.4517 0.6030 200 120.6091
As. Miristat 157.6787 3.1536 0.1619 228 36.9212
As. Palmitat 70.2163 0.2506 0.0721 256 18.4606
As. Stearat 12.6587 0.0000 0.0130 284 3.6921
As. Oleat 131.7344 0.0000 0.1353 282 38.1519
As. Linoleat 12.8396 0.0000 0.0132 280 3.6921
Total 973.7169 580.2494 1.0000 221.7731
BM campuran = 221.7731 kg/kmol
Diketahui:
T = 131.3423 °C = 404.4923 K
P = 1 atm = 448.4015 mmHg
BMcampuran . P
ρv =
R.T
221.7731 kg/kmol x 1 atm
=
82.06 cm3.atm/mol.K x 404.49 K
= 0.0039 kg/L
= 3.9420 kg/m3
D-237
Kecepatan Uap (V)
V = (Rop + 1) x D
= ( 3.3488 + 1 ) x 580.2494 kmol/jam
= 2523.3754 kmol/jam
Kecepatan Cairan (L)

L = Rop x D
= 3.3488 x 580.2494 kmol/jam
= 1,943.1261 kmol/jam
= 430,933.0668 kg/jam
Liquid Vapor Factor
FLV,puncak = (L/V) x (ρV/ρL)
0.5
1,943.1261 3.9420 0.5

= ( ) x ( )
2,523.3754 811.5685
= 0.0537
Trial
Dari tabel 6.1 Treybal dengan nilai tray spacing 0,6 m = 24 in (diameter tower = 1
-3 m). Dari fig. 11.27 Coulson dengan nilai 0,6 m didapat nilai k = 0,11.
Maksimum Superfisial Velocity

ρL - ρV 0.5
V flood = k( )
ρV
811.5685 - 3.9420 0.5
= 0.110 ( )
3.9420
= 1.5745 m/s
= 5.1656 ft/s
Diambil superfisial velocity = 85% supaya tidak terjadi flooding. (Coulson, 2005)
x = 85 % x V flood
= 85 % x 1.5745 m/s
= 1.3383 m/s
= 4.3908 ft/s
Kecepatan Volume Fase Uap

BM campuran . V
Qv =
ρv . 3600
221.7731 x 2523.3754
=
3.9420 x 3,600
= 39.4338 m3/s
D-238
= 1392.5931 ft3/s
Luas Area
Net area (An) = Qv/x
39.4338 m3/s
=
1.3383 m/s
= 29.4654 m2
= 317.1625 ft2
Menentukan Luas Area Netto (At)

Luas down spot untuk w = 0.7 T adalah 8.8085% (Tabel 6.1 Treybal).
An
Total area (At) =
1- 8.808 %
29.4654
=
1- 8.808 %
= 32.3113 m2
= 347.7964 ft2
Diameter Puncak
4 x At 0.5
Diameter puncak = ( )
3.14
4 x 32.3113 0.5
= ( )
3.14
= 6.4157 m
= 21.0488 ft
= 252.5858 in
2. Menentukan Dasar Menara
Menghitung Densitas Cairan
Tabel D.5 Data Densitas Cairan

Komponen A B n Tc
As. Kaprilat 0.2923 0.2668 0.2802 692
As. Kaprat 0.2873 0.2707 0.2686 713
As. Laurat 0.2842 0.2655 0.2933 734
As. Miristat 0.2817 0.2697 0.2836 756
As. Palmitat 0.2797 0.2681 0.2947 776
As. Stearat 0.2798 0.2686 0.3025 799
D-239
As. Oleat 0.2825 0.2681 0.2897 781
As. Linoleat 0.2583 0.2376 0.2860 755
(Yaws, 1999)
Tabel Densitas Campuran

(kmol/jam) (kg/m3) (kg/m3)
As. Kaprilat 0.0000 144 0.0000 821.3408 0.0000
As. Kaprat 1.3934 172 0.0014 815.4451 1.1669
As. Laurat 587.1957 200 0.6030 810.8748 488.9945
As. Miristat 157.6787 228 0.1619 808.8223 130.9766
As. Palmitat 70.2163 256 0.0721 807.1470 58.2047
As. Stearat 12.6587 284 0.0130 809.0423 10.5179
As. Oleat 131.7344 282 0.1353 819.7697 110.9069
As. Linoleat 12.8396 280 0.0132 819.1242 10.8011
Total 973.7169 1.0000 811.5685
ρ campuran = 811.5685 kg/m3
Menghitung Densitas Uap

Tabel Densitas Uap
Laju alir Laju alir BM BM.xiD

Komponen xiD
F(kmol/jam) B(kmol/jam) (kg/kmol) (kg/jam)
As. Kaprilat 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 144 0.0000
As. Kaprat 1.3934 0.0000 0.0014 172 0.2461
As. Laurat 587.1957 11.7439 0.6030 200 120.6091
As. Miristat 157.6787 154.5252 0.1619 228 36.9212
As. Palmitat 70.2163 69.9657 0.0721 256 18.4606
As. Stearat 12.6587 12.6587 0.0130 284 3.6921
As. Oleat 131.7344 131.7344 0.1353 282 38.1519
As. Linoleat 12.8396 12.8396 0.0132 280 3.6921
Total 973.7169 393.4675 1.0000 0 221.7731
BM campuran = 221.7731 kg/kmol

Diketahui:
T = 158.27 °C = 431.423 K
P = 1 atm = 448.4015 mmHg
BMcampuran . P
ρv =
D-240
ρv =
R.T
221.7731 kg/kmol x 1 atm
=
82.06 cm .atm/mol.K
3
x 431 K
= 0.0037 kg/L
= 3.6960 kg/m3
Kecepatan Cairan (L)

L = (F x q) + (Rop + D)
= ( 973.7169 x 1 ) + ( 3.3488 + 393.4675 )
= 1,370.5332 kmol/jam
= 303,947.3737 kg/jam
Kecepatan Uap (V)

V = L - B
= 1,370.5332 kmol/jam - 393.4675 kmol/jam
= 977.0657 kmol/jam
= 60.1908 kg/s
Liquid Vapor Factor

FLV,bottom = (L/V) x (ρV/ρL)0.5
1,370.5332 3.6960 0.5
= ( ) x ( )
977.0657 811.5685
= 0.0947 kmol/jam
Trial
Dari tabel 6.1 Treybal dengan nilai tray spacing 0,6 m = 24 in (diameter tower = 1
-3 m). Dari fig. 11.27 Coulson dengan nilai 0,6 m didapat nilai k = 0,095.
f. Maksimum Superfisial Velocity

ρL - ρV 0.5
V flood = k ( )
ρV
811.5685 - 3.6960 0.5
= 0.095 ( )
3.6960
= 1.4045 m/s
= 4.6080 ft/s
Diambil superfisial velocity = 85% supaya tidak terjadi flooding. (Coulson, 2005)
x = 85 % x V flood
D-241
= 85 % x 1.4045 m/s
= 1.1939 m/s
= 3.9168 ft/s
Kecepatan Volume Fase Uap

BM . V
Qv =
ρv . 3600
221.7731 x 977.0657
=
3.6960 x 3,600
= 16.2856 m /s
3
= 575.1206 ft3/s
Luas Area
Net area (An) = Qv/x
16.2856
=
1.1939
= 13.6412 m2
= 146.8328 ft2
Menentukan Luas Area Netto (At)

Luas down spot untuk w = 0.7 T adalah 8.808% (tabel 6.1 Treybal).
An
Total area (At) =
1 - 8.808 %
13.6412
=
1 - 8.808 %
= 14.9588 m2
= 161.0150 ft2
Diameter Bawah
4 x At 0.5
Diameter bawah = ( )
3.14
4 x 14.9588 0.5
= ( )
3.14
= 4.3653 m
= 14.3218 ft
= 171.8619 in
Dengan pertimbangan diameter diatas dan dibawah, maka diambil diameter paling
besar yaitu diameter atas = 6.4157 m.
D-242
G. Menentukan Jenis Aliran (Flow Pattern)
Kecepatan volumetris maksimum cairan:
Lw,B
QL,B =
ρL,B
L x BM campuran
Dimana, Lw,B =
3,600
1370.5332 kmol/jam x 221.7731 kg/kmol
=
3,600
= 84.4298 kg/s
84.4298 kg/s
Sehingga, QL,B =
811.5685 kg/m3
= 0.1040 m3/s
Berdasrkan Fig.11.28 Coulson, untuk nilai QL,B = 0.1040 m3/s dan d = 6.4157 m
Maka dapat diketahui jenis alirannya yaitu single pass.
h. Perancangan Tray
Diameter menara , Dc = 6.4157 m
Luas menara, Ac = (π/4 x Dc2)
= 32.3113 m2
Luas downcomer, Ad = 0.12 x Ac

= 0.12 x 32.3113 m2
= 3.8774 m2
Ad 3.8774
=
Ac 32.3113
= 0.1200 = 12 %
Luas aktif, Aa = Ac - (2 x Ad)

= 32.3113 - ( 2 x 3.8774 )
= 24.5566 m 2
Luas hole, Ah = 0.10 x Aa

= 0.10 x 24.5566 m2
= 2.4557 m2
Berdasarkan Fig.11.31 Coulson, untuk nilai Ad/Ac = 0.12 , didapatkan lw/Dc = 0.77
D-243
Maka:
Panjang weir, lw = 0.77 x Dc
= 0.77 x 6.4157 m
= 4.9401 m
Tinggi weir, ho
Berdasarkan Coulson hal.463 pada menara destilasi dengan tekanan operasi diatas
tekanan atmosfir, maka tinggi weir yang digunakan yaitu 40 - 90 mm, ukuran yang
direkomendasikan yaitu 40 - 50 mm.
Digunakan tinggi weir, ho = 50 mm
= 0.05 m
Diameter Hole, dh
Berdasarkan Coulson hal.465 bahwa diameter yang digunakan yaitu 2.5 - 12 mm,
ukuran yang direkomendasikan yaitu 5 mm.
Digunakan diameter Hole, Dh = 5 mm
= 0.005 m
Tebal Tray
Bahan kontruksi yang digunakan yaitu stainless steel, berdasarkan Coulson hal.465
tebal tray yang digunakan yaitu = 3 mm (Coulson, 2005).
Jumlah Hole
Luas 1 hole = (π/4 x Dh2)
= 0.0000196 m2
Ah
Jumlah hole =
Luas 1 hole
2.4557 m2
= = 125,015.5274
0.0000196 m2
i. Pemeriksaan Weeping Rate
Kecepatan cairan maksimum, Lw maks = 84.4298 kg/s
Turn down ratio = 70 %
(range turn down ratio 50 - 120%, Coulson hal.561 4 ) th
Kecepatan cairan minimum, Lw min = 0.7 x 84.4298 kg/s

= 59.1009 kg/s
Lw maks
Tinggi maksimum weir liquid crest, how maks = 750 ( )2/3
D-244
Tinggi maksimum weir liquid crest, how maks = 750 ( )2/3
ρL x lw
(Pers.11.85 Coulson 4th, hal.572) = 57.1943 mm cairan
Lw min
Tinggi minimum weir liquid crest how min = 750 ( )2/3
ρL x lw
= 45.0905 mm cairan
Pada minimum rate , (ho + How min) = 50 mm + 45.0905 mm

= 95.0905 mm
Berdasarkan Fig.11.30 Coulson, didapatkan nilai K2 = 31

Kecepatan uap minimum desain dihitung dengan menggunakan persamaan Eduljee:
[K2 - 0.90 (25.4 - dh)]
ŭ =
(ρv)1/2
[ 31.00 - 0.90 ( 25.4 - 0.05 m )]
=
( 3.9420 kg/m3 ) 1/2
= 4.1225
QvD x 0.7
Kecepatan uap minimum aktual, Uam =
Ah
39.43384 m3/s x 0.7
=
2.4557 m2
= 11.2408 m/s
Nilai Uam > Uh min, sehingga tidak terjadi weeping.
J. Desain Menara Destilasi

Data perhitungan: : P operasi = 0.6 atm
P desain = 1.2 x P operasi
= 0.7 atm
= 10.4048 psi
Material = Stainless Steel SA 283 Grade B

f = 11,500 psi (Brownell tabel 13.1 hal.251, 1959)
c = 0.0625 in (Rule of Thumbs, Walas, 1990)
E = 0.8 (Brownell tabel 13.2 hal.254, 1959)
D-245
D = 6.4157 m , Jari-jari menara (ri) = 3.2078 m
= 126.2929 in
Pdesain . ri
ts = + c
f . E - 0.6 . Pdesain
10.4048 x 126.2929
= + 0.0625
11,500 x 0.8 - 0.6 x 10.4048
= 0.2054 in m
Digunakan tebal plate standar untuk shell yaitu 3/4 in = 0.0191
(Brownell tabel 5.7, 1959)
Menentukan Tebal Head Atas dan Bawah

Diketahui nilai ID = D = 6.4157 m , maka:
OD = ID + (2 x ts)
= 6.4157 m + ( 2 x 0.0191 m )
= 6.4538 m
= 254.0858 in
= 228 in (standard)
ID = OD - (2 x ts)
= 5.7912 m - ( 2 x 0.0191 m )
= 5.7531 m
= 226.500 in (standard)
Didapatkan nilai, icr = 13 3/4 in

rc = 180 in
1
W = ( 3 + (rc / icr) 0.5 ) (Pers.7.76 Brownell, 1959)
4
1 180 0.5
= ( 3 + ( ) )
4 13.75
= 1.6545 in
= 0.0420 m
P . rc. W
th = + c
2 f . E - 0.2 . P
10.4048 x 180 x 1.6545
= + 0.0625
2 x 11,500 x 0.8 - 0.2 x 10.4048
= 0.2309 in
= 0.0059 m
D-246
Maka tebal head standar yang digunakan yaitu:
t head = 3/8 in (Tabel 5.7 Brownell, 1959)
= 0.0095 m
Untuk tebal head 3/8 in, maka:

sf = 1 1/2 - 3
Diambil sf = 3 in = 0.0762 m
b = rc - ( (rc - icr)2 - (ID/2 - icr)2 )0.5

= 46.8129 in
= 1.1890 m
OA = t head + b + sf
= 3/8 + 46.8129 + 2 1/2
= 49.6879 in = 1.2621 m
Menentukan Tinggi Menara

Tinggi ruang kosong = 2( 1.5 x tray spacing )
= 2 ( 1.5 x 0.6 )
= 1.8 m
= 70.8660 in
Tinggi head = 2 x OA
= 2 x 49.6879 in
= 99.3757 in
Tinggi tray actual = N actual x tray spacing

= 27 x 0.6
= 16.2 m
= 637.7940 in
Sehingga tinggi total kolom = Tinggi ruang kosong + tinggi head + tinggi tray actual
= 70.8660 + 99.3757 + 637.7940
= 808.0357 in
= 20.5241 m
D-247

SKRIPSI YubaYubaYu (28-Okt-2020)

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Data HE

Heat Capacity of Gas

Thermal Conductivity of Gas

D.2 Tangki Penyimpanan Amonia

Bahan Konstruksi : Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade D

1. Bahan baku disimpan dalam fase cair jenuh

B. Menentukan Bahan Konstruksi

Bahan konstruksi yang digunakan adalah Carbon Steel SA-283 Grade D

1. Bahan baku berupa amonia cair dengan konsentrasi minimal 99,95%

C. Menentukan Dimensi Tangki

m × kebutuhan perancangan× waktu dalam satu hari

Dikarenakan Volume Liquid pada perhitungan yang didapatkan yaitu 2552.8694

Volume Tangki (VT) = (1+Faktor Kelonggaran) x Volume Larutan

Volume ruang kososng pada tangki tangki, sehingga:

2. Penentuan Diameter dan Tinggi Shell

Volume tutup flanged and dished head (Vh) adalah

Kemudian dapat ditentukan tinggi tangki

Perhitungan Tebal, OD, ID Tangki

untuk storage ukuran besar ts > sama dengan 3/16 in

ID std = OD std - 2ts

8 ( untuk storange besar maka D = 8/3 H )

Perhitungan Tekanan Desain Bejana Perhitungan Tekanan Desain Bejana

tha (tebal tutup) = 0.4154106 in (Tabel 5-7 Brownell,1959:89)

Sehingga dapat ditentukan tinggi tutup atas (Hha) :

D.2 Tangki Penyimpanan Etilen Oksida

Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan Etilena Oksida

C. Menentukan Dimensi Tangki

Dikarenakan Volume Liquid pada perhitungan yang didapatkan yaitu 1456.2553

Volume Tangki (VT) = (1+Faktor Kelonggaran) x Volume Larutan

Volume ruang kososng pada tangki tangki, sehingga:

Penentuan Diameter dan Tinggi Shell

Volume tutup flanged and dished head (Vh) adalah

Kemudian dapat ditentukan tinggi tangki

Perhitungan Tebal, OD, ID Tangki

Sehingga, (Brownell, 1959. Hal 45 pers 3.15)

untuk storage ukuran besar ts > sama dengan 1/4 in

ID std = OD std - 2ts

8 ( untuk storange besar maka D = 8/3 H )

Tebal silinder tiap course

Perhitungan Tekanan Desain Bejana

Perhitungan Tebal Tutup Atas dan Tutup Bawah

1 √(█( @ @r )) (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)

P × rc × W (Pers 7.77 Brownell,1959:138)

tha (tebal tutup) = 0.4255913 in (Tabel 5-7 Brownell,1959:89)

Sehingga dapat ditentukan tinggi tutup atas (Hha) :

Perhitungan Tinggi Tangki

D.3 Tangki Penyimpanan Monoetanolamin (MEA)

Laju Alir Massa : 6250.9174 kg/jam

Tabel D.2 Data Densitas Campuran Tangki Penyimpanan MEA

C. Menentukan Dimensi Tangki

m × kebutuhan perancangan× waktu dalam satu hari

Volume Tangki (VT) = (1+Faktor Kelonggaran) x Volume Larutan

Volume ruang kososng pada tangki tangki, sehingga:

Penentuan Diameter dan Tinggi Shell

Volume tutup flanged and dished head (Vh) adalah

Kemudian dapat ditentukan tinggi tangki

Perhitungan Tebal, OD, ID Tangki

Sehingga, (Brownell, 1959. Hal 45 pers 3.15)

untuk storage ukuran besar ts > sama dengan 1/4 in

ID std = OD std - 2ts

8 ( untuk storange besar maka D = 8/3 H )

Tebal silinder tiap course

Perhitungan Tekanan Desain Bejana