Table Of Contents

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1

1.1. Background ....................................................................................................................1

1.2. Formulation of The Problem .........................................................................................1

CHAPTER II LITERATUR REVIEW .................................................................................2

2.1. Wiring Diagram of Star Delta Starter with Timer .........................................................2

2.2. Advantages & Disadvantages of Star Delta Starter with Timer .....................................3

2.3. Characteristics & Features of Star-Delta Starter ............................................................3

2.4. Star Delta Motor 3 Phase Starter Components ...............................................................4

2.5. How it Works Star Delta Motor 3 Phase Starter ............................................................5

CHAPTER III CONCLUCION .............................................................................................7

3.1. Conclusion .....................................................................................................................7

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 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background
3 Phase Induction Motor consists of a stator which contains a 3 phase winding which is
connected to a 3 phase AC supply. The arrangement of the windings is such that they produce
a rotating magnetic field. The rotor of an Induction motor contains a cylindrical core with
parallel slots containing the conductors.
The most basic feature of an Induction motor is its self-starting mechanism. Due to the
rotating magnetic field, emf is induced in the rotor, due to which current starts to flow in the
rotor. As per Lenz's law, the rotor will start to rotate in the direction opposite to the flow of
electric current and this provides torque to the motor. So the motor starts on its own.
During this self-starting period, as the torque increases, a large amount of current flows
in the rotor. To achieve this, the stator draws a large amount of current and by the time the
motor reaches its full speed a large amount of current is drawn and the coil heats up,
damaging the motor.
Hence, there is a need to control motor starting. One way is to reduce the applied
voltage, which in turn reduces torque.

1.2. Formulation of The Problem

The problems that will be studied in this final project are:
1. How wiring diagram of star delta starter with timer?
2. How it Works Star Delta Motor 3 Phase Starter?

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 CHAPTER II
LITERATUR REVIEW

2.1. Wiring Diagram of Star Delta Starter with Timer

We will show the Star-Delta (Y-Δ) 3-phase induction AC Motor Starting Method by
Automatic star-delta starter with Timer with schematic, power, control and wiring diagram as
well as how star-delta starter works and their applications with advantages and disadvantages.

Abbreviations: ( FOR Control Wiring of Three Phase Star Delta Starter with Timer)

 R , Y, B = Red, Yellow, Blue ( 3 Phase Lines)

 C.B = General Circuit Breaker
 Main = Main Supply
 Y = Star
 Δ = Delta
 1a = Timer
 C1, C2, C3 = Contatcors (For Power & Control Diagram)

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  O/L = Over Load Relay
 NO = Normally Open
 NC = Normally Closed
 K1 = Contactor (Contactor coil)
 K1/NO = Contactor Holding Coil (Normally Open)

2.2. Advantages & Disadvantages of Star Delta Starter with Timer

Advantages:

 Simple Design and Operation

 Comparatively cheaper than other voltage controlling methods
 Torque and Current performance of the Star delta starter is well.
 It draws two times starting current of the FLA (Full Load Ampere) of the connected
motor.
 It reduced the starting current to one-third (approximately) as compared to DOL
(Direct ON Line Starter)

Disadvantages

 Starting Torque is also reduce to one-third because starter reduce the starting current
to one-third of the rated current [as Line voltage also reduced to 57% (1/√3)]
 It required Six leads or terminals Motor (Delta Connected)
 For Delta connection, the supply voltage must be same as the rated motor voltage.
 At switching time (From Star to Delta), if the motor does not reach at least 90% of its
rated speed, then the current peak may be equally high as in Direct ON Line
starter( D.O.L), thus it may cause harmful effects on the contactors contacts, so it
would not be reliable.
 We may not use star delta starter if the required (application or load) torque is more
than 50% of the three phase induction motors rated torque

2.3. Characteristics & Features of Star-Delta Starter

 The starting current is 33% of full load current for star delta starter.
 The peak starting torque is 33% of full load torque.

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  The peak starting current is 1.3 to 2.6 of full load current.
 Star-Delta Starter can be used only for low to high power three phase induction
motors.
 It has reduced starting current and torque.
 The 6 connection cables are needed for motor terminal box.
 In Star Delta starter, Current peak and mechanical load on changeover from star delta

Applications of Star Delta Starter

As we know the main purpose of star delta starter is to start the three phase induction motor
in Star Connection while run in Delta Connection.

While keep in mind that Star Delta starter can only be used for low to medium voltage and
light starting torque induction motors. In case of direct on line (D.O.L) start, the receiving
current at motor is about 33% while the starting torque reduced about 25-30%. This way, Star
Delta Starter can be only used for light load during starting the motor. Otherwise, the heavy
load motor wont start due to low torque which need to accelerate the motor to rated speed
while converting to the Delta connection.

2.4. Star Delta Motor 3 Phase Starter Components

Contactors: The Star Delta starter circuit consists of three contactors: Main, Star and delta
contactors. The three contactors were asked to unite the motor windings first in the Star and
then in the delta, to find out more about the contactors
Timer: The contactor is set by a timer combined with a start.
Interlock switch: The interlock switch is connected between the star and delta contactors of
the control circuit as a safety measure so that one cannot activate the delta contactor without
deactivating the Star contactor. It so happens that if the star and delta contactors are driven at
the same time, the motor will be damaged, to find out more about the relay
Overload relays: Overload relays are also consolidated into the Star delta control circuit to
ensure the motor from overheating which could accelerate the motor to find fire or wear. If
the temperature passes the preset quality, the contact is open and the power supply is
disconnected in this way to ensure the motor, to find out more about the overload relay

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2.5. How it Works Star Delta Motor 3 Phase Starter
Initially the primary and Star contactors were closed. After the time interval, the timer
signals the Star contactor to go to the open and primary position, the delta contactor goes to
the closed position, according to the delta circuit arrangement.
At the time of starting when the stator winding is connected to the Star, each stator
stage gets a voltage VL / √3, where VL is the line voltage. Therefore, the line current drawn
by the motor at starting is reduced to one third compared to the starting current with the
associated winding in the delta.
Likewise, since the torque advanced by an induction motor is equal to the square of the
applied voltage; star delta starter lowers starting torque by up to a third of that possibility
with direct delta curing.
The timer controls the conversion from Star connection to delta connection. The timer
in the star delta starter for a 3-phase motor is intended to make the shift from Star mode,
taking advantage of a motor running on decreased voltages and currents and producing less
torque - to the delta mode which is indispensable for running a motor in full power, utilizing
voltage and high current to convert high torque.
Terminal Connections in Star and Delta Configurations:
L1, L2 and L3 are the 3-phase line voltages, which are applied to the primary contactor.
The main motor windings are U, V and W shown in the figure. In Star mode in the motor
windings, the main contactor connects the mains to the essential winding terminals U1, V1
and W1.
Star contactors short the auxiliary winding terminals U2, V2 and W2 as shown in the
figure. Even if the primary contactor is closed the supply arrives at terminals A1, B1, C1 and
consequently the motor windings are energized in Star mode.

Type of Star Delta Motor 3 Phase Starter:

There are two types of star delta starters, open and close.
• Star Delta Open Transition Starter:
This is the most widely recognized strategy for starting star deltas. As the name suggests, in
this strategy the motor windings open during the transition time to change the windings from
Star mode to delta mode. Star delta open motion starter uses 3 motor contactors and a motion
delay relay.

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Benefits:
The open transition starter is very easy to implement from a cost and circuit perspective,
requiring no additional stress reducing equipment.

Loss:
Open transitions create current and torque spikes as they change causing the system to shut
down both electrically and mechanically. Electrically, the resulting instantaneous peak in the
current can cause chaos or misfortune. Mechanically, the extended torque that occurs due to
the current surge can be enough to damage a system component, i.e. break the drive shaft.

• Star Delta Closed Transition Starter:

In this starter, the transfer from Star to delta mode is carried out without removing the motor
from the line. Multiple components are added to remove or reduce spikes associated with
open transitions. Additional components include a contactor and some transition resistors.
The transition resistor consumes this current during the turn of the winding.
The fourth contactor is also used to place the resistor in the circuit before opening the Star
contactor and then discharging the resistor after the delta contactor is closed. Although
requiring an additional exchange mechanism, the control circuit is more confusing because of
the need to complete resistor swapping.

Advantages:
There is an additional reduction in inrush currents, resulting from the transition. So a closed
transition starter has a smooth changeover.

Deficiency:
Apart from requiring more switching devices, the control circuit is more complicated because
it requires switching resistors. In addition, the addition of a circuit leads to a significant
increase in installation costs.

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 CHAPTER III
CONCLUCION

3.1. Conclusion

A star delta starter is the most commonly used method for the starting of a 3 phase
induction motor. In star delta starting an induction motor is connected in through a star
connection throughout the starting period. Then once the motor reaches the required speed,
the motor is connected in through a delta connection.
The most basic feature of an Induction motor is its self starting mechanism. Due to the
rotating magnetic field, an emf is induced in the rotor, because of which current starts
flowing in the rotor. As per the Lenz law, the rotor will start rotating in a direction so as to
oppose the flow of electric current and this gives a torque to the motor. Thus the motor gets
self started.