Luke Justine Sembrero BSED-Social Studies October 19,2020

[Schedule and time] [Subject name]

Activity 1
Philosophies Meaning Proponent Implications References

Essentialism Essentialism James Learners

adheres to a D.Koerner attains the
belief that a core
set of essential most essential
skills must be or basic
taught to all academic
students. H.G Rickover
Essentialists tend knowledge
to privilege and skills and
traditional character
academic Paul
disciplines that
development.
Copperman
will develop
prescribed skills
and objectives in
different content
Theodore
areas as well as
develop a
Sizer
common culture.
Typically,
essentialism
argues for a back- William C.
to-basics Bagley
approach on
teaching
intellectual and
moral standards.
Schools should
prepare all
students to be
productive
members of
society.

Progressivism This educational John Dewey Learners

philosophy becomes
stresses that enlightened
students should and intelligent
test ideas by citizens of a
active democratic
experimentation. society.
Learning is
rooted in the
questions of
learners that
arise through
experiencing the
world. It is
active, not
passive. The
learner is a
 problem solver
and thinker who
makes meaning
through his or
her individual
experience in
the physical and
cultural context

Perennialism For Robert Students

Perennialists, Maynard develop
the aim of Hutchins rational and
education is to moral powers
ensure that
students acquire Mortimer Adler
understandings
about the great
ideas of
Western
civilization.
These ideas
have the
potential for
solving
problems in any
era. The focus is
to teach ideas
that are
everlasting, to
seek enduring
truths which are
constant, not
changing, as the
natural and
human worlds at
their most
essential level,
do not change.

Behaviorism Behaviorists B.F Skinner Enables

believe human students to
beings are respond
shaped entirely Ivan Pavlov favorably to
by their external various stimuli
environment. If in the
you alter a John B. environment
person's Watson
environment,
you will alter his
or her thoughts,
feelings, and
behavior. The
system is based
on rewards and
punishments.
Behaviorists
think people act
 in response to
internally or
externally
generated
physical stimuli.
They basically
consider human
nature to be the
product of one's
environment.

Existentialism Existentialism in Jean Paul Helps the

education is a Sartre learners to
teaching and appreciate
learning themselves as
philosophy that Soren unique
focuses on the Klerkegaard individuals who
student’s accept
freedom and complete
agency to responsibility
choose their for their
future. thoughts,
Existentialist feelings, and
educators actions.
believe there is
no god or higher
power guiding
their students.
Thus, they
encourage all
students to
exercise
personal agency
and create their
own meaning for
life life.

Constructivism Constructivism Jean Piaget The students

is a philosophy are able to
of learning express and
founded on the Jerome Bruner explore their
premise that, by own ideas and
reflecting on our partake in
experiences, we Lev Vygotsky sharing of
construct our ideas and
own concepts with
understanding other learners
of the world we in non-
live in. Each of tradional way.
us generates
our own “rules”
and “mental
models,” which
we use to make
sense of our
experiences.
Learning,
 therefore, is
simply the
process of
adjusting our
mental models
to accommodate
new
experiences.

https://www.siue.edu/~ptheodo/foundations/essentialism.html

https://www.theadvocate.org/edupedia/content/what-is-essentialism/

https://www.slideshare.net/sherwinbalbuena/philosophies-of-education-35587809

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-oneonta-education106/chapter/5-3-philosophical-perspective-
of-education/#:~:text=There%20are%20four%20philosophical%20perspectives,and%20social
%20reconstructionism%2Fcritical%20pedagogy.

https://www.siue.edu/~ptheodo/foundations/behaviorism.html#:~:text=Behaviorism%20can%20also
%20be%20thought%20of%20as%20a%20form%20of%20classroom%20management.&text=Behaviorists
%20believe%20that%20if%20teachers,same%20concept%20applies%20to%20punishments.

https://helpfulprofessor.com/existentialism-in-education/

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.funderstanding.com/theory/constructivism/amp/