8

Biotechnology
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Parts and Organelles of Plant,
Animal and Bacterial Cell
Biotechnology – Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Parts and Organelles of Plant, Animal and Bacterial Cell
First Edition, 2020

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 8

Biotechnology
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Parts and Organelles of Plant,
Animal and Bacterial Cell
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Biotechnology – Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Parts and Organelles of Plant, Animal and Bacterial Cell!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or

facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum

while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also

aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into

consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the

body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this

module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them

to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and

assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:
Welcome to the Biotechnology – Grade 8 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM)

Module on Parts and Organelles of Plant, Animal and Bacterial Cell!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often

used to depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create

and accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a

learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant

competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in

your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful

opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You

will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an

active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know
competencies you are expected to learn in

the module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

What I Know
check what you already know about the

lesson to take. If you get all the answers

correct (100%), you may decide to skip this

module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

What’s In
the current lesson with the previous one.

iii
 In this portion, the new lesson will be
What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such as a

story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an

activity or a situation.

This section provides a brief discussion of

What is It
the lesson. This aims to help you discover

and understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding and

skills of the topic. You may check the

answers to the exercises using the Answer

Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process

what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do
help you transfer your new knowledge or

skill into real life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the learning

competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given

Additional Activities
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of

the lesson learned. This also tends retention

of learned concepts.

iv
 This contains answers to all activities in the
Answer Key
module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of

the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities

included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your

answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not

hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are

not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning

and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

v
 What I Need to Know

Our body has numerous kinds of cells, each specialized for a definite purpose.

Just like a home built from a variety of construction materials, the human body is

constructed from many cell types. Despite of their immense variation, however, cells

from all organisms—even ones as distinct as bacteria, plant, and human—share

certain fundamental characteristics.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe the different parts of the plant, animal and bacterial cell;

2. Give the function of the different parts or organelles of the cell; and

3. Compare plant, animal and bacterial cell.

1
 What I Know

CROSSWORD PUZZLE: Using the Across and Down clues, write the correct words
in the numbered grid below. (Note: You may skip this module if you will get all the
15 words correctly!)

1 2

6 7
3

10

11

13
9

12

Across Down
1. A minute cylindrical organelle 2. Contains deoxyribonucleic acid
near the nucleus in animal cells 3. Jelly-like substance
3. Disk-shaped organelles that 6. Mitochondria is also known as
manufacture food for the plant ______
4. Vacuole are _______ facility in 8. A double layer that supports and
the cell protects the cell
5. Contains digestive enzymes that 13. shape of nucleolus
damaged organelles and invaders
7. Adenosine triphosphate
8. Basic unit of life
9. Helps to make proteins for the
cell
10. Processes and packaged
materials for the cell
11. Plastids that produce and store
starch
12. Deoxyribose nucleic acid 2
Lesson Parts and Organelles of
1 Plant, Animal and Bacterial
Cells
In your grade 7, you already encountered or familiarized yourself with some parts
and organelles of the cell. Let us see if you can still recall your previous lesson.

What’s In

Using the Venn diagram, compare the parts and organelles of an animal and
plant cell. Write the parts and organelles common to them in the overlapping area,
while write their differences in the outer circles.

Plant
Animal

Notes to the Teacher

This module will help the students to realize the different roles or
functions of the various parts and organelles in the plant, animal
and bacterial cells.
3
 What’s New

Cell Riddles. Identify the cell structures being described in the following riddles.
Write your answer on the line provided by choosing from the following words below.

Cell wall Chloroplast

Plasma membrane Flagella
Centrioles Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria Cytoplasm
Lysosome Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus Vacuole

1. I am a whip-like appendages 2. They call me the storage

responsible for the movement facility because I store food
of one-celled organism. and water for plant and
Who am I? animal cell.
_________________________________ Who am I?
________________________________

3. I am a disk-shaped organelle 4. I am an organelle which is

responsible for producing food cylindrical in shape and
for the plant. composed of microtubules.
Who am I? Who am I?
_________________________________ ________________________________

5. I break down food to produce 6. You can only find me in the

energy in the form of ATP that plant cell, I give strength and
is why they call me the maintain its high turgidity.
powerhouse. Who am I?
Who am I? ________________________________
_________________________________

7. I am jelly like fluid that serves 8. I am a semi-permeable

as the matrix for all organelles membrane; I guard what goes
except the nucleus. into and out of the cell.
Who am I? Who am I?
_________________________________ ________________________________

9. I am the control center of the 10. I am bumpy becomes of the

cell, responsible for all the cell ribosomes attached to my
processes membrane surface

Who am I? Who am I?
________________________________ ________________________________

4
Lesson
Parts and Organelles of
1.1 Plant and Animal Cells
Did you enjoy answering the riddles? Were you able to identify the cell
structures described in the riddles? Now, deepen your knowledge by acquainting
yourself to the functions of the different parts and organelles of plant and animal
cells!

What is It

Below are illustrations of plant and animal cell. Study them carefully.

Figure 1Illustration of a Plant Cell

Figure 2 Illustration of an Animal Cell

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 Plants and animals are both eukaryotic cells (with true nucleus), so they
have several features in common, such as the presence of a cell membrane and cell
organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and many more.

However, plant and animal cells also have several differences. For example,
animal cells do not have chloroplasts, but plant cells do have. Animal cells are
mostly round and irregular in shape while plants have fixed rectangular shapes.

Here are some common cell structures of plant and animal cells.
STRUCTURE FUNCTION

Cell membrane The cell membrane is semipermeable (or selectively

“Skin of the permeable). It is made of a phospholipid bilayer, along with
Cell” other various lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.
(https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/structure-
of-a-cell/prokaryotic-and-eukaryotic-cells/a/plasma-
membrane-and-cytoplasm)

Its function is to protect the interior of the cell by

permitting certain substances into the cell while keeping
other substances out. It also provides as a base of
attachment for the cytoskeleton in some organisms and the
cell wall in others. Thus, the cell membrane also provides
support to the cell and help retain its shape.

Nucleus Nucleus controls and regulates the activities of the cell (e.g.,
Major Parts of the Cell

“Control growth and metabolism) and holds the genes (DNA)

Center” structures that contain the hereditary information.
(https://www.britannica.com/science/nucleus-biology)

It is a specialized structure that can be found in most cells

(except bacteria and blue-green algae) which is separated
from the rest of the cell by a double layer, the nuclear
membrane. This membrane has pores, which probably
permit the entrance of large molecules.
Nucleolus (nucleoli-plural) is a small rounded body often
seen within the nucleus which the main function is to
produce and assemble subunits which form the ribosome.
The gel-like matrix inside the nucleus where the nuclear
components are located is the nucleoplasm.

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm is transparent and has a gel-like appearance.

“Matrix of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytoplasm)
cell”
Cytosol is the semi-fluid component or liquid form of a
cell's cytoplasm. It is consisting mainly of water but also
contains enzymes, salts, organelles, and various organic
molecules.
Cytoplasm supports and holds organelles and cellular
molecules thus many cellular functions occur in the
cytoplasm, such as protein synthesis, the first stage of
cellular respiration (known as glycolysis), mitosis, and

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 meiosis.

Lysosome A lysosome is a cell organelle is enclosed by a membrane

“Suicide bag of that contains digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are engaged
the cell” with various cell processes. They break down excess or
worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading
viruses and bacteria.
(https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Lysosome)

Golgi body Golgi body is a flattened sac enclosed by a membrane

“packaging responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging
sites of the cell proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted
destinations.

Peroxisomes Peroxisomes are organelles enclosed by a single membrane

that contains oxidative enzyme primarily involved in lipid
metabolism and the conversion of reactive oxygen species
such as hydrogen peroxide into safer molecules like water
and oxygen.
Cell Organelles (Small Organs)

Endoplasmic Endoplasmic Reticulum contains a network of tubules and

reticulum flattened sacs. It has two major regions: smooth
endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic
reticulum. Rough ER has attached ribosomes in its
membrane while smooth ER does not.
It serves numerous functions being essential particularly in
the synthesis, folding, modification and transport of
proteins.

Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton assembles other components of the cell, retain

the cell shape and is liable for locomotion of the cell itself
and therefore the movement of varied organelles within it.

Ribosome Ribosome is made up of of RNA (Ribonucleic acid) and

“Site of Protein proteins. Free ribosomes are found floating in the cytosol,
synthesis” while bound ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic
reticulum. Its main function is to make protein for the cell.
(https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-
biology/chapter/ribosomes-and-protein-synthesis/)

Mitochondria Mitochondrion is another organelle enclosed by a

“Powerhouse of membrane and responsible for cellular respiration and
the cell” production of energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine
triphosphate) in the cell.
https://opentextbc.ca/biology/chapter/3-3-eukaryotic-
cells/

7
Plant and animal cell have few differences which are incredibly significant because
it reflects a difference in the functions of each cell.

Here are some of their differences…

Structures Functions
Vesicles Are small vacuoles which serve as storage of
water and food but also function in the
Animal Cell

excretion of waste materials.

Centrioles Are tiny cylindrical organelle adjacent to the

nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and
involved in the development of spindle fibers
during cell division.

Cell wall This outer covering is located next to the cell

membrane (plasma membrane) in most plant
cells, fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea.
The cell wall has various important roles in a
cell including protection, structure, and
support.

Vacuole Are structures which are surrounded by

membrane that crammed with water and
dissolved organic and inorganic particles such
Plant Cell

as enzymes in solutions, though in some cases

they may also contain solids which are
engulfed. Vacuoles are developed by the
combination of numerous membrane vesicles
and are just larger forms of these.

Plastids Are enclosed by two membranes; an outer and

inner membrane which can be mostly found
inside plants and some algae. They are mainly
responsible for activities associated to making
and storing food.

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The most known plastid is the chloroplast
which produces food and energy through
photosynthesis. It has a high concentration of
chlorophyll, the green pigment that captures
light energy.
Other types of plastids are:
Chromoplasts are carotenoid pigments (red,
orange or yellow) found in flowering plants,
fruits, and aging leaves.
Leucoplasts are the non-pigmented (no color)
organelles, example of this is the Amyloplasts
which are responsible for storing starch.

9
 What’s More

Activity1. Draw and label the parts of plant and animal cells.
Animal Cell Plant Cell

Activity 2. Match the words in column Organelles to column Functions.

Organelles Functions

1. Mitochondria a. A double layer that supports and

2. Vacuole protects the cell.
3. Cell membrane b. “Powerhouse”.
4. Golgi body c. The control center of the cell.
5. Lysosome d. Helps make protein for the cell.
6. Nucleus e. Stores food and water.
7. Ribosome f. Does not have ribosome.
8. Cytoplasm g. Processes and packaged materials
9. Nucleolus for the cell.
10. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum h. Contains digestive enzymes that
destroy damaged organelles and
invaders.
i. Jelly like fluid.
j. A round structure in the nucleus
that makes ribosomes.

10
Lesson
Parts and Organelles of
1.2 Bacterial Cell
Not just plants and animals are made up of cell, there are other organisms that are
made up of cell, but they are too small to be seen by the naked eyes. They are the
prokaryotes, they are unicellular organisms that lack a well-defined nucleus,
mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.

What is It

Bacteria are prokaryotes, they lack well-defined nuclei and membrane-bound

organelles. These organisms come in varieties of shapes and they are found
practically everywhere on Earth and even live in some of the most unusual and
seemingly inhospitable places.

Figure 3 Illustration of Bacterial Cell

Evidences showed that bacteria already existed since 3.5 billion years ago, making
them one of the oldest living organisms on the Earth. So, what makes these
organisms special? Let us find out as we read the functions of the bacterial cell
structures.

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Organelles Function
Capsule Protective covering, a capsule is made up of polysaccharides which is
a complex carbohydrate. Capsules play several roles, but the most
important are to keep the bacterium from drying out and to protect it
from phagocytosis (engulfing) by larger microorganisms.

Cell Formed from two to three layers: the internal cytoplasmic

envelope membrane, the cell wall, and -- in some species of bacteria -- an outer
capsule.

Cell wall The wall gives the cell its shape and surrounds the cytoplasmic
membrane, protecting it from the environment. It also supports the
anchorage of appendages like the pili and flagella.
The wall is responsible for preventing the cell from rupturing when
there are large differences in osmotic pressure between the cytoplasm
and the environment.

Pili Tiny hair-like projections appearing from the outside cell surface.
These outgrowths assist the bacteria in attaching to other cells and
surfaces, such as teeth, intestines, and rocks. Without pili, many
pathogenic (disease-causing) bacteria fail their ability to infect
because they are incapable of attaching to their host tissue.

Flagella A long, whip-like appendages that beat in a propeller-like motion to

help the bacterium move toward nutrients; away from toxic
chemicals; or, in the case of the photosynthetic cyanobacteria; toward
the light.

Cytoplasmi The bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is composed of phospholipid and

c protein molecules which is a selectively permeable membrane that
membrane determines what goes in and out of the organism.
(https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Book:_Microbio
logy)

Cytoplasm The cytoplasm, also known as protoplasm, of bacterial cells is where

cell growth, metabolism, and replication are carried out. It is a gel-
like environment composed of water, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, and
gases and contains cell structures such as ribosomes, a chromosome,
and plasmids. (https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html)

Ribosomes Ribosomes are minute "factories" found not only in eukaryotic cells
but also in prokaryotic cells such as bacteria. They interpret the
genetic code from the molecular language of nucleic acid to that of
amino acids—the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are the
molecules that perform all the functions of cells and living organisms.
(https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html)

Plasmid Are circular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules that replicate

independently of the bacterial chromosome.

12
Nucleoid The nucleoid is an area of cytoplasm where the chromosomal DNA is
situated.
(https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html)

It is not a nucleus that is covered by a double membrane, but simply

a region of the cytoplasm where the strands of DNA are found.

What’s More

Double Puzzle: Can you guess the mystery word? Unscramble each of the clue
words then copy the letters in the numbered cells to other cells with the same
number.

13
 What I Have Learned

Check ( ) which cell has the following parts or organelles.

Part/organelle Plant Animal Bacteria

1. Pili

2. Chloroplast

3. Centrioles

4. Plasmid

5. Cell wall

6. Nucleus

7. Cytoplasm

8. Ribosomes

9. Flagella

10. Mitochondria

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 What I Can Do

Let us create your model cell, you can choose from the cells that we have studied.
You will use recycled materials that are already available inside your home and
turn those trash in to a great model!

Procedure:

1. Review the parts of your chosen cell then list every part that must be
included in your model.
2. Create the basic shape of the cell using cardboard or another type of sturdy
material that can support the other materials as they are added. Covering
the cardboard with plastic is one way of representing the cell membrane or
the cytoplasm. Plastic bags can also be wrinkled up and glued along the
edges of the cardboard to represent the cell membrane.
3. Choose an item that will represent the nucleus of the cell. It should be
round, like a bowl or cup, and should be the largest organelle (or cell part) in
your model. Secure this item in the middle of the cell.
4. Select other items to represent the different organelles and parts within your
cell. Just remember that your material should be like the shape and
structure of the organelles.
5. Use paper and sticks to make flaglets as labels for each part of the cell and
glue these in place. It is also a good idea to include a short description of
what each cell part does.
6. Your model will be graded according to the following criterions:

Utilization of materials - 20%

Originality of the model - 30%

- 30%
Parts and organelles of the cell
- 20%
Cleanliness
- 100%
Total

15
 Assessment

I. MULTIPLE CHOICES: Choose the best answer.

1. A jelly-like substance where most of the processes inside the cell happens.
a. cytoplasm c. plasmid
b. cell membrane d. cytosol

2. Tiny rounded bodies responsible in the production of proteins for the cell.
a. cytoskeleton c. Golgi body
b. nucleus d. ribosome

3. A semi-permeable membrane made up of layer of phospholipids and protein.

a. plasma membrane c. cytoplasmic membrane
b. cell wall d. nucleoid

4. Structure inside the plant cell that contain the green pigment chlorophyll.
a. cytosol c. lysosome
b. chloroplast d. peroxisomes

5. Outer covering is located next to the cell membrane which has many important
functions in a cell including protection, structure, and support.
a. cell wall c. cytoskeleton
b. cell envelope d. endoplasmic reticulum

6. It is a region of cytoplasm where the chromosomal DNA is located.

a. nucleus c. capsule
b. nucleolus d. nucleoid

7. Small hair-like projections emerging from the outside cell surface used for
attaching to host tissue
a. pili c. plasmid
b. flagella d. cytoplasmic membrane

8. Protective covering that is made up of polysaccharides used to keep the

bacterium from drying out
a. cell wall c. capsule
b. cytoskeleton d. cell envelope

9. It is the “Powerhouse” of the cell responsible in producing energy in the form of

ATP.
a. mitochondria c. cell membrane
b. cytoplasm d. peroxisome

10. Which part of the cell has the genetic material and is often called the "brain of
the cell?"
a. Nuclear membrane c. Nucleus
b. Ribosome d. Endoplasmic reticulum

16
 II. TRUE OR FALSE: Write Eu if the statement is correct and Pro if it is false

______________11. Chromoplasts are the non-pigmented (no color)

organelles which are responsible for storing starch.
______________12. Centrioles are minute cylindrical organelle near the
nucleus in animal cells involved during cell division.
______________13. Lysosomes are single membrane-bound organelle that
contains oxidative enzyme primarily involved in lipid metabolism
______________14. Plants and animals are both prokaryotic cells
______________15. The nuclear membrane that encloses the nucleus has
pores that permit the entrance of large materials

Additional Activities

Read the situation below then answer comprehensively.

Maria who is a student of biotechnology class was observing a cell using a

microscope. The cell she observing has the following characteristics: it has a visible
dark rounded body which is peripherally located on the side of the cell, there is a
large organelle that almost occupy the whole cell, there are green oval-shaped
bodies scattered and the shape of the cell is rectangular. What kind of cell was
being observed by Maria? Explain your answer.

17
 18
What’s More What’s New
What’s More
Activity 1. 1. Flagella
Activity 2.
1. b 2. vacuole
2. e 3. chloroplast
3. a 4. centriole
4. g 5. mitochondria
5. h 6. cell wall
6. c 7. cytoplasm
7. d 8. cell membrane
8. i 9. nucleus
9. j 10. rough
endoplasmic
10. f reticulum
What’s In What I Know
What I Know
Answers may vary Across
Down
For similarities they 1. centriole
2. nucleus
might write the
following: 3. cytoplasm 3. chloroplast
Cell membrane, 6.powerhouse 4. storage
nucleus, ribosomes, 8. cell 5. lysosome
endoplasmic reticulum, membrane 7. ATP
mitochondrion, 13.round 8. cell
lysosomes, Golgi body,
cytoskeleton 9. ribosome
For differences 10. golgi body
Animal Cell: centrioles, 11.amyloplast
vesicles 12. DNA
Plant Cell: cell wall,
chloroplast
Answer Key
 19
Additional Activities Assessment What I Can
The cell that was observed by Maria is a 1. a Do
plant cell because it has a conspicuous 2. d Cell model
dark rounded nucleus which has been Will be scored
pushed on the side by a central vacuole. 3. c
according to
A large central vacuole is usually 4. b the given
observed in mature plant cell wherein it 5. c criterions.
almost occupies the whole cell due to
6. d
the presence of too much water. It has
green disc-shaped organelles which are 7. a
chloroplasts, the one responsible for 8. c
photosynthesis or making food for the
9. a
cell. And the shape of the cell is
rectangular due to the presence of the 10. c
cell wall that provides the support at the 11 False
same time maintains the shape of the 12 True
cell.
13 False
14. false
15. True
What I have learned
What’s More
Part/organelle Plant Animal Bacteria
Double puzzle
1. Pili
1. flagella
2. Chloroplast
2. pili
3. Centrioles 3. capsule
4. Plasmid 4. chromosome
5. Cell wall 5. plasmid
6. Nucleus 6. ribosome
7. Cytoplasm 7. nucleoid
8. Ribosomes 8. cell
9. Flagella envelope
10. 9. cell wall
Mitochondria BACTERIA
References
http://m.ivyroses.com/Biology/Cells/Plant-Animal-and-Bacterial-Cells.php
accessed June 23,2020
www.biologycorner.com accessed June 23, 2020
https://biologydictionary.net/animal-cell/accessed June 24, 2020
https://pa01000192.schoolwires.net/cms/lib7/PA01000192/Centricity/Domain/
48/Cells%20Study%20Guide.pdf accessed June 24, 2020
http://textbookofbacteriology.net/structure.html accessed June 24, 2020
https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html accessed June 24, 2020
quizlet.com accessed June 26, 2020
https://www.thoughtco.com/amyloplast-definition-4142136 accessed June 26,
2020
slideplayer.com accessed June 25, 2020
https://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/bouncy-egg/accessed July 9, 2020
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/znyycdm/articles/zmrtng8 accessed July8,
2020
https://biologydictionary.net/cytosol/accessed July 8, 2020
https://www.sparknotes.com/biology/cellstructure/celldifferences/section1/acces
sed July 7, 2020
https://microbenotes.com/plant-cell-vs-animal-cell/accessed July 7, 2020
https://www.microscopemaster.com/centriole.html accessed July 6, 2020
7 Science Learner’s Material accessed July 3, 2020
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/components-and-
structure/accessed July 7, 2020
https://www.britannica.com/science/nucleus-biology/accessed July 7, 2020
https://www.genome.gov/genetics-glossary/Lysosome/accessed July 7, 2020
(https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-biology/chapter/ribosomes-and-
protein-synthesis/accessed July 7, 2020
https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/bacteriacell.html/accessed july 7, 2020

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