Final SOP Aggreg. Part Size & Absorp. EN1097-6 Aap

STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES SOP 2010/02
EN 1097-6: Determination of particle density and water

FOCE, CO&BMs Lab.
absorption
Wire-basket and pyknometer method Page 1 of 12
Syrian Arab Republic SOP-FCEL/BM-504-01

Damascus University Issue No: 01.0
Faculty of Civil Engineering Laboratories (FCEL) Page 1 of 12
Title: EN 1097-6: Determination of particle density and water
Effective Date: 10/10/2010
absorption Last revise: 10/10/2010
Wire-basket and pyknometer method
TITLE: Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates

Determination of particle density and water absorption
1. Scope
This SOP describes how to determine the particle density and water absorption of
aggregates. The methods specified are:
a) The wire basket method for aggregates passing a 63 mm sieve but retained on a 31.5
mm sieve, and for aggregates passing a 31.5 mm sieve but retained on a 4 mm sieve,
b) The pyknometer method for aggregates passing a 4 mm sieve but retained on a 0,063
mm sieve.
NOTE: The wire basket method can also be used for single aggregate particles retained on a 63 mm sieve.
REFERENCES:
EN 1097-6:2000 Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates –
Determination of particle density and water absorption, Incorporating Corrigendum No. 1
and Amendment No. 1.
EN 932-2:1999 Tests for general properties of aggregates – Part 2: Methods for reducing
laboratory samples.
EN 932-3:1997 Tests for general properties of aggregates – Part 3: Procedure and
terminology for simplified petrographic description.
EN 933-2:1996 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates – Part 2: Determination of
particle size distribution – Test sieves, nominal size of apertures.
2. Responsibilities
2.1 The Client shall be responsible for supplying test samples that are representative of
the product being tested.
2.2 The Laboratory Manager shall be responsible for:

2.2.1 Ensuring that the laboratory has all the equipment and other resources
needed to carry the tests according to this SOP,
2.2.2 Verifying and signing the test report.
2.3 The Test Technician shall be responsible for ensuring that the procedural steps in
this SOP are followed.
Written by: FEAL Checked by: Date: 04 August 2010, Version1.2

FOCE, CO&BMs Lab.
absorption

3. Apparatus
3.1 Apparatus for general purposes
3.1.1 Ventilated oven, make, type, operating range [AAP: Can these be specified?]
3.1.2 Balance, make, type, operating range
3.1.3 Water bath, make, type, operating range
3.1.4 Thermometer, type to be specified
3.1.5 Test sieves, 0,063 mm, 4 mm, 31.5 mm and 63 mm.
3.1.6 Trays, of suitable size which can be heated in a ventilated oven without change in
mass.
3.1.7 Dry soft absorbent cloths.
3.1.8 Washing equipment.
3.1.9 Timer, laboratory clock or normal watch.
3.2 Apparatus for the wire-basket method
3.2.1 Wire basket, of suitable size to allow suspension from the balance.
3.2.2 Watertight tank, containing water at (22 ± 3) °C in which the basket may be freely
suspended with a minimum clearance of 50 mm between the basket and the sides of the
tank.
3.3 Apparatus for pyknometer method for aggregate particles between 0,063 mm
and 4 mm
3.3.1 Pyknometer, consisting of a glass flask or other suitable vessel with volume between
500 ml and 5000 ml, constant to 0,5 ml for the duration of the test.
3.3.2 Metal mould, in the form of a frustum of a cone (40 ± 3) mm at the top, (90 ± 3) mm
at the bottom and (75 ± 3) mm high. The metal shall have a minimum thickness of 0.8 mm.
3.3.3 Metal tamper, of mass (340 ± 15) g and having a flat circular tamping face of
diameter (25 ± 3) mm, for use with the metal mould.
3.3.5 Shallow tray, of non-water absorbing material having a plane bottom of area not less
than 0.1 m² and an edge of not less than 50 mm in height.
3.3.6 Warm air supply (hair dryer).
4. Setting up
4.1 Preparation of test specimen (general)
Reduction shall be in accordance with EN 932-2. [AAP: Okay, but when you prepare the
new SOP you might need to say which of the methods in EN 932-2 is used in which
circumstances]
FOCE, CO&BMs Lab.
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If the aggregate consists of a number of different size fractions, it is necessary to separate

the sample into fractions 0.063 mm to 4 mm, 4 mm to 31.5 mm and 31.5 mm to 63 mm,
before preparing the test portion.
Where this SOP refers to constant mass, this shall be taken as meaning that successive
weighings after drying at least 1 h apart do not differ by more than 0.1 %. Constant mass is
also achieved by drying in the oven at (110 ± 5) oC for 24 hours.
5. Test procedure
5.1 Wire-basket method for aggregate particles between 31.5 mm and 63 mm and
between 4 mm and 31.5 mm
5.1.1 General
In the case of pieces of rock, reduce the sample in size to pass the 63 mm sieve and to be
retained on the 31.5 mm sieve.
Use the test data sheet given in annex 1 for all recordings to the nearest 5
grams.
5.1.2 Preparation of test portion
The mass of the test portion of aggregate shall be not less than the mass given in Table 1.
Table 1 — Minimum mass of test portions (wire-basket method)
Maximum size of aggregates mm Minimum mass of test portions kg

63 15
≤ 45 7
NOTE 1 For other sizes between 45 and 63 mm the minimum mass of the test portion may be found by linear
interpolation, using the equation:
Minimum mass = 7 + 8(x - 45)/18 kg, where x = maximum size of aggregate in mm.
NOTE 2 The minimum test portion mass of 7 kg applies to all maximum aggregate sizes from 4 mm to 45
mm.
Wash the test portion on the 63 mm sieve and the 31.5 mm sieve to remove finer particles
and let the sample drain. Discard any particles retained on the 63 mm sieve.
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For test portions between 4 mm and 31.5 mm, wash on the 31.5 mm sieve and on the 4
mm sieve and let the sample drain. Discard any particles retained on the 31.5 mm sieve.
5.1.3 Test procedure
Place the prepared test portion in the wire-basket and immerse it in the tank containing
water at a temperature of (22 ± 3) °C, with a cover of at least 50 mm of water above the top
of the basket. Immediately after immersion, remove the entrapped air from the prepared
test portion by lifting the basket about 25 mm above the base of the tank and allowing it to
drop 25 times at about once per second. Allow the basket and aggregate to remain
completely immersed in the water at (22 ± 3) °C for a period of (24 ± 0,5) h. Verify that the
water temperature remains within the limits by method to be defined by the laboratory,
[AAP: Okay, but bear in mind that, before accreditation, you will need records of doing the
test according to this SOP. Although it wouldn’t be ideal, one temporary possibility might be
to have a supply of hot and cool water, and add this to the water bath over time to keep
within the temperature limits] and record the time of immersing and removing the sample.
Shake the basket and test portion and weigh them in water at a temperature of (22 ± 3) °C
(M2). Record the temperature of the water when mass (M2) was determined. Remove the
basket and aggregate from the water and allow them to drain for a few minutes. Gently
empty the aggregate from the basket on to one of the dry cloths. Return the empty basket
to the water, shake it 25 times and weigh it in water (M3).
Gently surface-dry the aggregate and transfer it to a second dry soft absorbent cloth when
the first will remove no further moisture. Spread the aggregate out not more than one stone
deep on the second sheet, and leave it exposed to the atmosphere away from direct
sunlight or any other source of heat until all visible films of water are removed, but the
aggregate still has a damp appearance. Weigh the aggregate (M1).
Transfer the aggregate to a tray and place in the oven at a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C until
it has reached constant mass (M4).
5.2 Pyknometer method for aggregate particles between 0.063 mm and 4 mm
5.2.1 General
Use the test data sheet given in annex 1 for all recordings to the nearest 1
grams.
5.2.2 Preparation of test portion
The mass of the test portion of aggregate shall be not less than 1 kg.
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Wash the test portion on a 4 mm and a 0.063 mm sieve to remove finer particles. Discard
particles retained on the 4 mm sieve.
5.2.3 Test procedure
Immerse the prepared test portion in water at (22 ± 3) °C in the pyknometer and remove
entrapped air by gently rolling and jolting the pyknometer in a tipped position. Stand the
pyknometer in the water bath and keep the test portion at a temperature of (22 ± 3) °C for
(24 ± 0.5) h. At the end of the soaking period, take the pyknometer from the water bath and
remove any remaining entrapped air by gentle rolling and jolting. Verify that the water
temperature remains within the limits by method to be defined by the laboratory, and record
the time of immersing and removing the sample.
Overfill the pyknometer by adding water and place the cover on top without trapping air in
the vessel. Then dry the pyknometer on the outside and weigh it (M2). Record the
temperature of the water.
Decant most of the water covering the test portion and empty the pyknometer into a tray.
Refill the pyknometer with water and place the cover in position as before. Then dry the
pyknometer on the outside and weigh it (M3). Record the temperature of the water. The
difference in the temperature of the water in the pyknometer during the M2 and M3
weighings shall not exceed 2 °C.
Spread the soaked test portion in a uniform layer over the bottom of the tray. Expose the
aggregate to a gentle current of warm air to evaporate surface moisture. Stir it at frequent
intervals to ensure uniform drying until no free surface moisture can be seen and the
aggregate particles no longer adhere to one another. Allow the sample to cool to room
temperature whilst stirring it.
To assess whether the surface dry state has been achieved, hold the metal cone mould
with its largest diameter face downwards on the bottom of the tray. Fill the cone mould
loosely with part of the drying test portion and use the tamper to lightly tamp the surface 25
times, through the hole at the top of the mould. Do not refill the mould after tamping. Gently
lift the mould clear of the aggregate. If the aggregate cone does not collapse, continue
drying and repeat the cone test just until the collapse situation occurs at mould removal.
Weigh the saturated and surface dry test portion (M1). Dry the aggregate in a ventilated
oven at a temperature of (110 ± 5) °C until it has reached a constant mass (M4).
Record all masses to an accuracy of 0.1 % of the mass of the test portion (M4) or better.

FOCE, CO&BMs Lab.
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6. Calculation and expression of results
Calculate the particle density ρa, in kilograms per cubic metre, in accordance with the
following equation:
Apparent particle density ρa = ρw · M4/(M4 – (M2 – M3))
Calculate the water absorption (as a percentage of the dry mass) after immersion for 24 h
(WA24) in accordance with the following numerical equation:
Water absorption WA24 = 100 · (M1 – M4)/M4
where:
M1 is the mass of the saturated and surface dried aggregate in the air, in grams;
M2 is the apparent mass in water of the basket containing the sample of saturated
aggregate, in grams, or the mass of the pyknommeter containing the sample of aggregate
and water, in grams;
M3 is the apparent mass in water of the empty basket, in grams, or the mass of the
pyknometer filled with water only, in grams;
M4 is the mass of the oven-dried test portion in air, in grams;
ρw is the density of water at the temperature recorded when M2 was determined, see
Annex 3, in kilograms per cubic metre.
Express the values of particle density to the nearest 10 kg/m3 and for the water absorption
to the nearest 0.1 %.
7. Test report
The test report as given in Annex 2 of this SOP shall be used. The test technician shall
prepare the report, using the data from the Work Record, which shall then be checked and
signed by the Technical Manager.
8. Activities following test completion
Samples shall be stored until three weeks after the test reports have been issued (unless
otherwise agreed with the client). If no alternative instructions have been received from the
client, then staff shall arrange for disposal of the test specimens after the three week
period.
9. Records
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All test records shall be kept in the relevant Job File.
10. Other relevant documents
EN 12620 Aggregates for concrete.

FOCE, CO&BMs Lab.
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Annex 1: Work record sheet – Aggregate particle density and water absorption to
EN 1097-6
Determination of particle density and water FOCEFCEL/BM,

Laboratory:
absorption to EN 1097-6
CO&BMs Lab.
Identification of the sample Date:
Operator:
Set-up data
Upper Sieve size <63mm and
<31.5mm and ≥4mm <45mm and ≥0.063mm
mm ≥31.5mm
Test range
classification
Test Method wire basket Pyknometer

Mass of test
(To the nearest 5g)
portion
Washing Yes No Immersing Yes No
Immersing in Time Date Water Temp. oC

water
Date: Operator:
Removing from Time Date Water Temp. oC

water
Mass (To the nearest

remarks Water Temp. oC
5g)
M2 Test portion in water M2 =
M3 Basket in water M3 =
difference between these two
( to be ≤ 2 oC)
temperatures of M2 and M2
Particle Surface drying Yes No
M1 (Test portion in Air) M1 = (To the nearest 5g)
Date: Operator:
Time Oven Temp.
Oven Drying Date o
C
Operator
Test portion in-Oven
Test portion out-Oven
M4 (Test portion in Air) M4 = (To the nearest 5g)

Date: Operator:
Calculation of results

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Value of water density ρw = kg/m3

Apparent particle
ρa = ρw · M4/(M 4 – (M2 – M3)) ρa = (to the nearest 10
density kg/m3)
Apparent particle
WA24 = 100 · (M 1 – M4)/M 4 WA24 = (to the nearest
density 0.1%))
Remarks:
Date: Operator:

FOCE, CO&BMs Lab.
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Annex 2: Test report
Damascus University, Faculty of Civil Engineering,

Concrete and Building materials Laboratory (FOCE, CO&BMs Lab.)
Aggregate Analysis Laboratory Test Report
The following sample was submitted by/on behalf of the client as:
Sample description: xxxx

Size fraction of aggregate: yyyy
Percentage of each size fraction (if applicable): zzzz
Sample receiving date: yyyy/mm/dd

Testing period: yyyy/mm/dd to yyyy/mm/dd
_____________________________________________________________
Test requested: Particle density and water absorption
Test method standard: EN 1097-6:2006
Test method (wire basket, pyknometer (4 – 31,5 mm) or pyknowmeter (0,063 – 4

mm)):
Mass of dry sample tested: aaa kg
Test results:
Apparent particle density: bbb kg/m3
Water absorption: ccc %
The test report can include the following information:
a) name and location of the sample source ......................................................................

b) description of the sampling procedure ..........................................................................
c) petrographic description (see EN 932-3) ......................................................................
________________________________________________________
Signed xxxxx Date

Technical Manager

FOCE, CO&BMs Lab.
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Note: This report relates only to the sample as supplied to the laboratory by the client. The
laboratory was not involved in the taking of the sample.

FOCE, CO&BMs Lab.
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Annex 3: Density of water
Table A3.1 – Density of water
Water bath temperature °C Density kg/m3

19 998,4
20 998,2
21 998,0
22 997,8
23 997,5
24 997,3
25 997,0

Final SOP Aggreg. Part Size & Absorp. EN1097-6 Aap

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STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES SOP 2010/02

EN 1097-6: Determination of particle density and water

Syrian Arab Republic SOP-FCEL/BM-504-01

TITLE: Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates

2.2 The Laboratory Manager shall be responsible for:

Written by: FEAL Checked by: Date: 04 August 2010, Version1.2

Syrian Arab Republic SOP-FCEL/BM-504-01

3.1 Apparatus for general purposes

3.2 Apparatus for the wire-basket method

4.1 Preparation of test specimen (general)

Syrian Arab Republic SOP-FCEL/BM-504-01

If the aggregate consists of a number of different size fractions, it is necessary to separate

5.1.2 Preparation of test portion

Table 1 — Minimum mass of test portions (wire-basket method)

Maximum size of aggregates mm Minimum mass of test portions kg

Syrian Arab Republic SOP-FCEL/BM-504-01

5.1.3 Test procedure

5.2 Pyknometer method for aggregate particles between 0.063 mm and 4 mm

5.2.2 Preparation of test portion

Syrian Arab Republic SOP-FCEL/BM-504-01

5.2.3 Test procedure

Written by: FEAL Checked by: Date: 04 August 2010, Version1.2

Syrian Arab Republic SOP-FCEL/BM-504-01

6. Calculation and expression of results

Apparent particle density ρa = ρw · M4/(M4 – (M2 – M3))

Water absorption WA24 = 100 · (M1 – M4)/M4

8. Activities following test completion

Syrian Arab Republic SOP-FCEL/BM-504-01

All test records shall be kept in the relevant Job File.

10. Other relevant documents

EN 12620 Aggregates for concrete.

Written by: FEAL Checked by: Date: 04 August 2010, Version1.2

Syrian Arab Republic SOP-FCEL/BM-504-01

Determination of particle density and water FOCEFCEL/BM,

Test Method wire basket Pyknometer

Immersing in Time Date Water Temp. oC

Removing from Time Date Water Temp. oC

Mass (To the nearest

M4 (Test portion in Air) M4 = (To the nearest 5g)

Written by: FEAL Checked by: Date: 04 August 2010, Version1.2

Syrian Arab Republic SOP-FCEL/BM-504-01

Value of water density ρw = kg/m3

Written by: FEAL Checked by: Date: 04 August 2010, Version1.2

Syrian Arab Republic SOP-FCEL/BM-504-01

Annex 2: Test report

Damascus University, Faculty of Civil Engineering,

Aggregate Analysis Laboratory Test Report

Sample description: xxxx

Sample receiving date: yyyy/mm/dd

Test method standard: EN 1097-6:2006

Test method (wire basket, pyknometer (4 – 31,5 mm) or pyknowmeter (0,063 – 4

Mass of dry sample tested: aaa kg

Apparent particle density: bbb kg/m3

Water absorption: ccc %

The test report can include the following information:

a) name and location of the sample source ......................................................................

Signed xxxxx Date

Written by: FEAL Checked by: Date: 04 August 2010, Version1.2

Syrian Arab Republic SOP-FCEL/BM-504-01

Written by: FEAL Checked by: Date: 04 August 2010, Version1.2

Syrian Arab Republic SOP-FCEL/BM-504-01

Annex 3: Density of water