35 - Final Review Q and A

Part one.
Answer the following Questions.
1) What are the Duties of the network layer?

Internetworking, Addressing, Routing, Packetization and Fragmentation
2) What is The function of the network layer
to link physical networks together
3) How many bits long The IP Address field of the IPv4/IPv6 datagram header,
IPv6 datagram header is 32 (it is 4 groups of 8 bit bytes) and 128 bits long (it is 8 groups of 2-byte units)
4) --What the Network Layer defines?
the Network Layer defines how to perform routing, addressing and fragmentation over
links created at layer2.
5) What is Net ID? The Net ID is a set of high order bits unique to the network,
6) What is Host ID?
The Host ID is the set of low order bits unique to the host device,
7) What is Network Address? The Network Address is the First Address,
8) What the Sub-network allows you?
The Sub-Network allows to subdivide your network into administrative units,
9) In this topic what does the Broadcast means ? the Broadcast means the Last address)
10)How many bits long The IP Address field of the IPv4 and IPv6 datagram
headers?
IPv4 datagram header is 32 (it is 4 groups of 8 bit bytes)
IPv6 datagram header is 128 bits long (it is 8 groups of 2-byte units)
11)What does the Block of address means?
the Block of address means a set of contiguous IP addresses assigned to a Network ID,
12)What does the Class-full means?
the Class-full means that Each class has a predetermined number of blocks of address,
13)--Who Provide the blocks of IP addresses to Internet Service Providers?
ICANN- (the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Addresses) they give the IP addresses to
the ISP’s
14)--What are the 3 requirements for the CIDR for each block:
1. The addresses must be contiguous,
2. The number of addresses must be a power of 2,
3. The first address must be divisible by the number of addresses
15)--What is the result of the router’s ANDs

the network mask AND the IP address - is the network address of the network on which the host address
is found)
Part Two.
Mark ‘T’ if it is true and ‘F’ if it is False.
16)If the destination host is identified by a class-full address, the router uses a “default
network mask” T
17)If the destination host is identified by a class-full address, the router uses a network
mask identified by the /n at the end of the address. F
18)If the destination host is identified by a class-less address, the router uses the network
mask identified by the /n at the end of the address. T
19)If the destination host is identified by a class-less address, the router uses the “default
network mask “ F
20)A Port is a point at which data from the application enters and leaves the transport
layer T
21)A Socket is the combination of an IP address and a port number T
Part Three
Make the correct answer and calculations.
CLASSFUL ADDRESSES:
For each of the four IP addresses given below in dotted decimal

notation, answer the questions that follow.
1. 114.34.2.8
a) What is the binary representation of this address? 01110010 00100010 00000010 00001000
b) What Class is this address? A
c) What is the NetID portion of this address? 114
d) What is the HostID portion of this address? 34.2.8
e) What is the address of the network on which this IP address is found? 114.0.0.0
f) What is the first address of this network? 114.0.0.0
g) What is the last address of this network? 114.255.255.255
2. 129.14.6.8
b) What Class is this address? B
c) What is the NetID portion of this address? 129.14
d) What is the HostID portion of this address? 6.8
e) What is the address of the network on which this IP address is found? 129.14.0.0.
f) What is the first address of this network? 129.14.0.0.
3. 208.34.54.12
a) What is the binary representation of this address? 11010000 00100010 00110110
00001100
b) What Class is this address? C
c) What is the NetID portion of this address? 208.34.54
d) What is the HostID portion of this address? .12
e) What is the address of the network on which this IP address is found? 208.34.54.0
f) What is the first address of this network? 208.34.54.0
4. 238.34.2.1
b) What Class is this address? D
22) Usingthe network 12.0.0.0, create the subnet masks as specified

below.
1.You want to create a set of 14 subnetworks. Give the network mask in binary and
dotted-decimal notation. Then, give the subnetwork mask in binary and in dotted decimal
notation: (Notice that you will have some subnetworks “left over.”)
Network mask binary: 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
Network mask dotted-decimal: 255.0.0.0
Subnetwork mask binary: 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
Subnetwork mask dotted-decimal: 255.240.0.0
2. You want to create a set of 24 subnetworks. Give the network mask in binary and
Subnetwork binary: 1111 1111 1111 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000
Subnetwork dotted-decimal: 255.248.0.0
3. You want to create a set of 100 subnetworks. Give the network mask in binary and dotted-
decimal notation. Then, give the subnetwork mask in binary and in dotted decimal notation:
(Notice that you will have some subnetworks “left over.”)
Subnetwork binary: 1111 1111 1111 1110 0000 0000 0000 0000
Subnetwork dotted-decimal: 255.254.0.0
23) Using the network 180.25.0.0, create the subnet masks as
specified below.
1.You want to create a set of 14 subnetworks. Give the network mask in binary and dotted-
decimal notation. Then, give the subnetwork mask in binary and in dotted decimal
Network mask: binary: 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000
Network mask: dotted-decimal: 255.255.0.0
Subnetwork mask binary: 1111 1111 1111 11111 1111 0000 0000 0000
Subnetwork mask dotted-decimal: 255.255.240.0.
2.You want to create a set of 24 subnetworks. Give the network mask in binary and dotted-
decimal notation. Then, give the subnetwork mask in binary and in dotted decimal
Subnetwork maskbinary: 1111 1111 11111 11111 1111 1000 0000 0000
Subnetwork mask dotted-decimal: 255.255.248.0.
3.You want to create a set of 100 subnetworks Give the network mask in binary and
binary: 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1110 0000 0000

dotted-decimal: 255.255.254.0.
24) Suppose you use classful addressing and your network contains the IP address
183.28.5.9 and you want to create 6 subnetworks (don’t use the subnetwork whose
network address is the same as the network address of your network and don’t use the
subnetwork the non-zero portion of which ends in 255. )
A. What is the network mask of your network in binary?
11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
B. What is the network mask of your network in dotted decimal? 255.255.0.0
C. What is the network address of your network in dotted decimal notation? 183.28.0.0
D. What is the subnet mask of your network in binary?
11111111 11111111 11100000 00000000
E. What is the subnet mask of your network in dotted decimal? 255.255.224.0
F. Write the network addresses (first addresses) of every subnetwork you can create using
this subnetwork mask:
183.28.00000000.00000000 = 183.28.0.0 This is the network address and not used for a real
host
183.28.00100000.00000000 = 183.28.32.0
183.28.01000000.00000000 = 183.28.64.0
183.28.01100000.00000000 = 183.28.96.0
183.28.10000000.00000000 = 183.28.128.0
183.28.10100000.00000000 = 183.28.160.0
183.28.11000000.00000000 = 183.28.192.0
183.28.11100000.00000000 = 183.28.225.0 This is the broadcast to all subnetworks and is
not used for a real host
25) For each host IP address below on the network in problem II tell which subnetwork it
is on.
A- 183.28.75.14
B- 183.28.75.14 AND 255.255.224.0 = 183.28.(do this in binary).75 = 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 AND
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 = 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 64 so the subnetwork is 183.28.64.0
C- 183.28 40.85 183.28.32.0
D- 183.28 200.225 183.28.192.0
E- 183.28 135.5 183.28.128.0
In problem II, write the first address and last address on the subnetwork whose subnetwork
address is 183.28.32.0.
F- First address = 183.28.32.0
G- Last address = 183.28.32.255
26)In problem II, write the first address and last address on the subnetwork whose
subnetwork address is 183.28.128.0
A- First address = 183.28.10000000 00000000 = 183.28.128.0
B- Last address = 183.28.11111111 11111111 = 183.28.128.255
27) For each of the four IP addresses given below in dotted decimal notation,
answer the questions that follows.
28) . Using the network 135.48.0.0, create the subnet masks as specified below.
You want to create a set of 5 subnetworks. Give the network mask in binary and dotted-decimal
notation. Then, give the subnetwork mask in binary and in dotted decimal notation: (Notice that
you will have some subnetworks “left over.”)
1. What is the network mask in binary: 1111 1111 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000
2. What is the network mask in dotted-decimal: 255.255.0.0
3. What is the subnetwork mask in binary: 1111 1111 1111 1111 1110 0000 0000 0000
4. What is the subnetwork mask in dotted-decimal: 255.255.224.0
5. How many subnetworks can you identify using this mask? 8____
29) . Suppose you use classful addressing and your network contains the IP
address 53.22.18.79 and you want to create 12 subnetworks.
1. What is the network mask of your network in binary?
11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000
2. What is the network mask of your network in dotted decimal? 255.0.0.0
3. What is the network address of your network in dotted decimal notation? 53.0.0.0
4. What is the subnet mask you will use, given in binary notation?
11111 1111 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
5. What is the subnet mask you will use, given in dotted decimal notation?
255.240.1.0
6. Write the network addresses (first addresses) of every subnetwork you can create using
this subnetwork mask:
53.xxxx 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.xxxx0000.0.0

53. 0000 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.0.0.0
53. 0001 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.16.0.0
53. 0010 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.32.0.0
53. 0011 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.48.0.0
53. 0100 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.64.0.0
53. 0101 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.80.0.0
53. 0110 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.96.0.0
53. 0111 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.112.0.0
53. 1000 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.128.0.0
53. 1001 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.144.0.0
53. 1010 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.160.0.0
53. 1011 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.176.0.0
53. 1100 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.192.0.0
53. 1101 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.208.0.0
53. 1110 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.224.0.0
53. 1111 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.225.0.0
30) . For each the following host IP address below on the network in problem
23 tell which subnetwork it is on.
1. 53.113.75.14
53.112.0.0 (You can do this by inspection or by ANDing the subnetwork mask
with the given host address. If you do the ANDing process, then, the result of
the AND will be the subnetwork address.)
2. 53.146.18.120 53.144.0.0
3. 53.200.245.75 53.192.0.0
CLASSLESS ADDRESSES
31) In a block of IP addresses, we know the IP address of one host is 25.34.12.56/16.
a. What is the network address (first address) of this block? 25.34.0.0
b. What is the limited broadcast address (last address) of this block? 25.34.255.255
c. What is the number of addresses in the block? 216
32) In a block of IP addresses, we know the IP address of one host is 182.44.82.16/26.

a. What is the network address (first address) of this block? 182.44.82.0
b. What is the limited broadcast address (last address) of this block? 182.44.82.63
c. What is the number of addresses in the block? 26 or 64
33)Write the following masks in slash notation (/n)

a. 255.255.255.0 /24
b. 255.0.0.0 /8
c. 255.255.240.0 /20
d. 255.128.0.0 /9
e. 255.255.224.0 /19
f. 255.255.248.0 /21
34)For each of the addresses below, apply the three criteria to determine if the address can
be the first address of a CIDR network. Give the first address and the last address of
the network on which this address is found.
1-Is it possible that 123.56.77.39/29 could be the first address of a CIDR network?
a. How many addresses could there be on this network? 32-29 = 3 -> 23 = 8 addresses in the block
b. Write the address as a decimal: 123 x 2563 + 56 x 2562 + 77 x 2561 + 39 x 2560 = 2067287335
c. Divide the decimal value you just calculated by the number of possible addresses. Apply restriction 3
on page 555: divide this by 8 = 258410916.9.
d. Can this be a first address? No. The result of the division in c. above not a whole number, so the
first address is not divisible by the number of addresses. Therefore this could not be the first
address of a CIDR network.
e. First address of the network : 123.56.77.32
f. Last address of the network: 123.56.77.255
c. Divide the decimal value you just calculated by the number of possible addresses.
35793664 / 32 = 1118552
d. Can this be a first address? Yes. The result of the division in c. is a whole number, so the first
address is divisible by the number of addresses. Therefore this could be the first address of a CIDR
network.
e. First address of the network: 200.17.21.128
a. How many addresses could there be on this net
b. work? 32-23 = 9 -> 29 = 512 addresses in the block
287444992 / 512 = 561416
network.
e. First address of the network : 17.34.16.0
b. Write the address as a decimal: 180 x 2563 + 34 x 2562 + 25 x 2561 + 200 x 2560 = 3019898880 +
2228224 + 6400 + 200 = 3022133704
3022133704 / 64 = 47220839.13
d. Can this be a first address? No. The result of the division in c. is not a whole number, so the first
address is not divisible by the number of addresses. Therefore this could not be the first address of
a CIDR network.
5- Is it possible that 205.16.37.32/28 could be the first address of a CIDR network?
b. Write the address as a decimal: 205 x 2563 + 16 x 2562 + 37 x 2561 + 32 x 2560 = 3439329280 +
1048576 + 9472 + 32 = 3440387360
3440387360 / 16 = 215024210
network.
35) An ISP gets a block of addresses 28.0.0.0 /8 from ICANN
The blocks identified by its first address followed by the /n
The customers of the ISP is providing to smaller ISPs:
A. The first ISP-1 has its own 256 ISP customers and each of those customers wants 256 IP
addresses
B. The second ISP2 has its own 64 ISP customers and each of those customers wants 128 IP
Addresses
C. The third ISP-3 has its own256 ISP customers and each of those customers want 64 IP
addresses
The first ISP has 256 customers and each of those customers wants 256 IP addresses
To create 256 unique host addresses, how many bits do I need? You can find calculating the Log 2 256 = 8
or 28 = 256, so I need to use 8 of the suffix bits to create the addresses
That leaves me 32 - 8 = 24 bits for my prefix
I have a block of addresses whose first address is 28.0.0.0
So I can assign a block of addresses to my first ISP as follows: 28.0.0.0 / 24 = 28.0. (0-255). (0-255)
It is easiest if you convert to binary right away as follows:
28. 0. 0. 0 =
00011100 00000000 00000000 00000000 is the network address
28.0.X.X == 00011100 00000000 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx represents all the different addresses you can
possibly make on this network
We need blocks of 256 addresses, so it is pretty easy to assign the blocks of :
00011100 00000000 00000001 xxxxxxxx = 28.0.0. (0-255)
00011100 00000000 00000001 xxxxxxxx = 28.0.1. (0-255)
00011100 00000000 00000010 xxxxxxxx = 28.0.2. (0-255)
00011100 00000000 00000011 xxxxxxxx = 28.0.3. (0-255)
……..
00011100 00000000 00111111 xxxxxxxx = 28.0.255. (0-255)
Expressed in dotted decimal notation:
My first ISP which has 256 customers will provide:
As his First customer gets the block of addresses: 28.0.0.0 through 28.0.0.255
Then second customer gets the block of addresses: 28.0.1.0 through 28.0.1.255
Then third customer gets the block of addresses: 28.0.2.0 through 28.0.2.255
……
At the end the sixty-fourth customer gets the block of addresses: 28.0.255.0 through 28.0.255.255
I have already assigned 28.0.(0-255).(0-255)
The second ISP-2 has 64 customers and each of those customers wants 128 IP addresses
To create 128 unique host addresses, how many bits do I need ? You can find calculating the Log 2128 =
Log2 27= 7, so I need to use 7 of the suffix bits to create the addresses
That leaves me 32 - 7 = 25 bits for my prefix
I have already assigned 28.0.(0-255).(0-255)
So I can assign a block of addresses to my second ISP starting from : 28.1.0.0 they are as follows 28.1.
(0-31).(0-256)/25
Note: there are 64x128 = 56x 27 = 213 addresses, this is what was needed, since 64x 128 = 2 6x 27 = 213
I have a block of addresses whose first address is 28.1.0.0

So I can assign a block of addresses to my first ISP as follows: 28.1.0.0 / 8 = 28.0. (0-31). (0-255)
It is easiest if you convert to binary right away as follows:
28. 1. 0. 0 =
00011100 00000001 00000000 00000000 is the network address
28.1.X.X == 00011100 00000000 xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx represents all the different addresses you can
possibly make on this network
We need blocks of 128 addresses, so it is pretty easy to assign the blocks of :
00011100 00000001 00000001 xxxxxxxx = 28.1.0. (0-255)
00011100 00000001 00000001 xxxxxxxx = 28.1.1. (0-255)
00011100 00000001 00000010 xxxxxxxx = 28.1.2. (0-255)
00011100 00000001 00000011 xxxxxxxx = 28.1.3. (0-255)
……..
00011100 00000001 00111111 xxxxxxxx = 28.1.255. (0-255)
Expressed in dotted decimal notation:
My first ISP which has 64 customers each of them will need to 128 addresses, that will provide:
As his First customer gets the block of addresses: 28.1.0.0 through 28.1.0.255
Then second customer gets the block of addresses: 28.1.1.0 through 28.1.1.255
Then third customer gets the block of addresses: 28.1.2.0 through 28.1.2.255
Then fourth customer gets the block of addresses: 28.1.3.0 through 28.1.3.255
……
At the end the Last customer will get the block of addresses: 28.1.31.0 through 28.1.31.255

35 - Final Review Q and A

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35 - Final Review Q and A

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Part one.

Answer the following Questions.

1) What are the Duties of the network layer?

15)--What is the result of the router’s ANDs

For each of the four IP addresses given below in dotted decimal

22) Usingthe network 12.0.0.0, create the subnet masks as specified

binary: 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1110 0000 0000

53.xxxx 0000.00000000.00000000 = 53.xxxx0000.0.0

32) In a block of IP addresses, we know the IP address of one host is 182.44.82.16/26.

33)Write the following masks in slash notation (/n)

I have already assigned 28.0.(0-255).(0-255)

I have a block of addresses whose first address is 28.1.0.0

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