EE160. Fall 2004.

San José State University

Solution Midterm Exam # 1

Problem 1 (20 points) Consider the periodic signal depicted in Fig. 1 below.

x(t)

2
… …
t
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4

Figure 1: A periodic signal.

(a) Find its Fourier transform X(f ) and sketch it carefully.

(b) The signal x(t) is passed through an LTI system with impulse response h(t) = sinc(t/2). Find the
power of the output y(t).

Solution:
(a) T0 = 3 and xT0 (t) = 2 Λ(t). As a result

XT0 (f ) = 2 sinc2 (f ).

Fourier series coefficients:
 n

1 n 2
xn = XT0 = sinc2
T0 T0 3 3
Fourier transform:
∞
2 n  n
X(f ) = sinc2 δ f−
n=−∞
3 3 3

X(f)

2/3

f
-3 -2 -1 1 2 3

(b) H(f ) = 2 Π(2f ). Therefore, Y (f ) = 43 δ(f ) and Py = 16/9.

Problem 2 (30 points) A bandpass signal is given by

x(t) = sinc(t/2) sin(4πt).

(a) Is the signal narrowband or wideband? Justify your answer.

(b) Find the complex baseband equivalent x
(t) and sketch carefully its spectrum.
(a) Give an expression for the Hilbert transform of x(t).

Solution:

1
(a) The Fourier transform of the signal is X(f ) = 2j [2 Π (2(f − 2)) − 2 Π (2(f + 2))]. The following sketch
shows that the signal is narrowband, as W = 1/4 and f0 = 2.
|X(f)|

f
-2 2

1/2 1/2

(b) From the quadrature modulator expression x(t) = xc (t) cos(2πf0 t) − xs (t) sin(2πf0 t), it follows that
xc (t) = 0 and xs (t) = −sinc(t/2). Therefore x
(t) = −j sinc(t/2). The corresponding spectrum is sketched
below:

|Xl(f)|

f
-1/4 1/4

(c) Use the expression x̂(t) = xc (t) sin(2πf0 t) + xs (t) cos(2πf0 t). It follows that x̂(t) = −sinc(t/2) cos(4πt).
Problem 3 (25 points) Sketch carefully the following signals and their Fourier transform
 
(a) x1 (t) = Π 4t
3 .
1 
(b) x2 (t) = Λ 3 (t + 2) .

Solution:

3
3 
(a) X1 (f ) = 4 sinc 4 f .

X1(f)
x1(t)
3/4
1

t f
-3/8 3/8 -4 -8/3 -4/3 4/3 8/3 4

(b) X2 (f ) = 3 sinc2 (3f ) ej4πf .

|X2(f)|
x2(t)

3
1

t f
-5 -2 1 -1 -2/3 -1/3 1/3 2/3 1
Problem 4 (25 points) Using ideal sampling with a train of impulses, the signal

x(t) = sinc(2t) sin(5πt)

is represented by its samples.

(a) Determine the Nyquist sampling rate.

(b) The signal is oversampled at twice the Nyquist rate. Sketch carefully the spectrum Xδ (f ) of the sampled
signal and, using the sketch, specify the range of cutoff frequencies of an ideal lowpass reconstruction
filter.

Solution:
    
1
(a) X(f ) = 2j − 12 Π f +5/2
2 + 1
2 Π f −5/2
2 , which is sketched in the figure below. We have W = 7/2 Hz
and the Nyquist rate is fs = 2W = 7 samples/second.

|X(f)|

1/4

f
-7/2 -5/2 -3/2 3/2 5/2 7/2

2 2

(b) Sampling rate at twice the Nyquist rate is fs = 14. The spectrum of the sampled signal is sketched below.
From it, we see that the bandwidth W  of an ideal lowpass reconstuction filter must satisfy 72 < W  < 212 .

|Xδ(f)|

7/2
… …
f
-17.5 -15.5 -12.5 -10.5 -3.5 -1.5 1.5 3.5 10.5 12.5 15.5 17.5