Local:

Gano and Dellosa (2007) conducted a quasi-experimental research to determine the effects
of the e-learning approach of teaching on student’s attitude and academic performance. The
study was performed on 28 students at the University of the East in the Philippines. The control
group was composed of 14 students and was taught by the traditional method (face-to-face), and
the experimental group, which composed of 14 students also, was taught by online-module base
approach. The researchers used pre-test and post-test to examine the student performance. The
study revealed no significant differences between student performance in the two sections.

Gano, L. & Dellosa, L. (2007). The effects of an online module-based e-learning approach on
college students’ attitude and academic performance. In G. Richards (Ed.), Proceedings of World
Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education
Chesapeake, VA: AACE, 2547–2552.

Espina (2007) conducted a study to determine the effectiveness of modular instruction in

Filipino I. The participants in this study were all freshmen students of Technological Institute of
the Philippines Manila who were enrolled in Filipino 113. The study was performed on 60
students and was sub-divided into two groups, 30 of respondents were the control group while 30
of the respondents represented the control group. To examine the effectiveness of modular
instruction in Filipino, a pre-test and post-test were used. It was revealed that there was a
significant difference on the results of the pre-test and post-test between the control and the
experimental groups. It was also found out in the study that there was a significant difference in
the correlation of the high school Filipino grade between the control group and the experimental
group in their pre-test and post-test results using the Pearson r. The findings conclude that using
modules as instructional materials in teaching Komunikasyon sa Akademikong Filipino
enhanced the communicative skills of the students, which are speaking, listening, writing, and
reading.
https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=9030

Foreign:

Elfaki,Abdulraheem, and Abdulrahim (2019) studied the impact of E-learning on the

students’ academic performance. The respondents were 80 under-graduate nursing students (40
experimental group+40 as controls) that aged 21-24 years old. The researchers used final exam
results and a self-administered questionnaire to collect data. The findings showed a significant
difference with the students’ overall satisfaction with E-learning than the traditional face-to-face
lectures in learning.

Several studies reported that students in higher educational institutions who engaged in
E-learning generally performed better than those in face-to-face courses. According to Holley
(2002), students who are enrolled in online or E-learning achieve better grades than those who
studied the traditional approach. Keshavarz, et al., Ishmirekha, Klein, and Ware (2015) lends
support to these findings. The researchers concluded that E-learning has a positive impact on the
academic achievements of the students. The study was conducted on 40 undergraduate nursing
students of Shahrkoord University of Medical Sciences. The study incorporates pre-test and
post- test and a control group.

Thabet and Kalyankar (2014), conducted a study to determine the effectiveness and usefulness
of using e-learning approach in teaching the fraction math course for students of level 5 in the
republic of Yemen. Pre-test and post-test were performed to obtain data. A group of 30 students
was taught using e-learning approach while the control group (30) students was taught using the
traditional approach. The research results shows that there is a significant difference in gain in
achievement. The E-learning has achieved efficiency greater than traditional learning.