Coarse and Fine Aggregates
Presented by
Md. Shahrior Alam
Assistant Engineer
Central Quality Control Unit
Local Government Engineering
Department (LGED)
1
Dr. Syed Ishtiaq Ahmad.
Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Bangladesh University of Engineering
and Technology (BUET)
AGGREGATE SOURCE
Lubha Quarry
Jalpaiguri Jafflong Quarry
MAIN SOURCE
(Chawa and Karotoa Bholagong Quarry
river) Bhowal Quarry
Sari river Quarry

Rangamati
Mymensingh Sand
Cox’s Bazar
Netrakana Sand
St. martin island

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 Aggregate

Coarse aggregate shall be obtained from
breaking hard durable rock or gravel, 1st class
bricks or Picked Bricks. Coarse aggregate shall
be clean, free from dust and other materials. The
grading of the coarse aggregate shall be such
that when combined with the approved fine
aggregates, it shall produce a workable mixture of
maximum density.

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Economic alternative of stone chips

Brick Frog Specific Density of Absorption Los Classification

Description Rate/cft Type Mark Gravity brick Angeles as per
(BDT) (%)
(S.S.D) aggregate BDS208:200
Stone Chips 160
2
Brick Chips 85 (Kg/m3)
1 NHB 2.16 1350 9.8 39.25 S
2 MBS 2.10 1300 13.39 44.08 A
3 NBM 2.02 1280 14.596 46.08 B
STONE - 2.7 1600 1.5% -

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Stone Aggregate Brick Aggregate
 Aggregate

 Fine aggregates shall be angular (gritty to touch),

hard and durable, free from clay, mica and soft
flaky pieces.
 Sand is a granular material composed of finely
divided rock and mineral particles. Sand shall be
clean and free from organic impurities.

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 Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate

 Generally Sylhet sand was used as fine

aggregate
Properties Materials
Sand
Dry Roded Unit Weight 95-100
(lb/ft3)
Specific Gravity (SSD) 2.5-3 Sylhet sand
Fineness Modulus (FM) 1.2-3.2
Absorption Capacity (% ) Less than 2%
Moisture Content (%) 2-6

6 Fine sand
White sand
 Gradation of Aggregates
Gradation refers to the grain-size composition of a material or the
amount of various particle sizes
 Well-graded materials have various amounts of larger and smaller
particles such that the voids between the larger particles can be filled
with smaller and smaller particles to make a tight, dense and stable
mass.
 Poorly-graded or uniformly graded materials may have all the
particles of nearly same particle size, or some of the intermediate sizes
are missing, such that it does not meet the requirements of a well-
graded material.
 Gap grading is a kind of grading which lacks one or more
intermediate size. Gap graded aggregates can make good concrete
when the required workability is relatively low.

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 Gradation of aggregates of Concrete work’s Specifications
are given below:
Grading for nominal size coarse aggregate shall comply with
the following ASTM C-33 standard gradations:

Sieve Size (mm) % Passing by Weight

25 100
19 90-100
9.50 20-55
4.75 0-10
2.36 0-5

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 Sand shall be well graded from coarse to fine within
the limits given below (ASTM C-33 standard
gradations):

Sieve Size (mm) % Passing by Weight

9.5 100
4.75 95-100
2.36 80-100
1.18 50-85
600 25-60
300 10-30
150 2-10

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 Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates

Sand shall be well graded from coarse to fine

within the limits or shall conform to the specified
fineness Modulus (FM).

A sieve is a wire screen with uniform, specified

openings. Sieve analysis is performed by shaking
the sand through a stack of standard sieves.

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 Apparatus:
 Suitable sizes of sieves for testing the soil: #4, #8, #16,
#30, #50, #100, #200
 Brush for cleaning the sieves
 1000 gms. capacity balance of 0.1 gm. sensitivity .
 Oven for drying soil (1100c ± 50c)
 Large pan for keeping soil
 Wooden hammer for breaking soil clods.
 Figure given at left side shows the arrangement of
sieves used for actual test. The arrangement is such
that the sieve with the largest opening is placed at the
top followed by next finer sieve and so on.
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 Sieve Analysis

12 A Set of Sieves
 Procedure:
 Dry the sample to constant weight at a temperature
110 0 ± 50 c;
 Select with care a test sample representative of
the sand to be tested, break the Sand into its
individual particles with the fingers or wooden
hammer.
 Weigh to 0.1 gm a specimen of approximately
100/500 gm of dried sand.
 Clean the sieves and weigh each sieve to 0.1 gm.
 Sieve the sand through a nest of sieves by hand
shaking using motion of horizontal rotations or by a
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mechanical shaker, if available.
 Procedure:

 (Approximately sample amount will be 100 gm.

when at least 95% passing a 2.36mm (#8) sieve
and 500 gm. when at least 85% passing a
4.75mm(#4) sieve & more than 5% retained on
a 2.36 mm sieve.)
 Weigh to 0.1 gm each sieve and the pan with the
sand retained on them.
 Subtract the weight of sieve from the weight of
sieve with retained sand to obtain the weight of
sand retained on each sieve.

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 Procedure

 Add weight of sand retained in each sieve and

check against the total weight of sand taken.
 Prepare a table similar to given table and enter all
data in it. Calculate the percentage finer.
 The recording of data for sieve analysis of sand
sample and related calculations are shown in table
given below:

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  The sum of cumulative %weight retain on the
following sieve 80mm, 40mm, 20mm, 10mm, #4, #8,
#16, #30, #50 & #100 divided by 100
 Fineness modulus (FM) =
Σ Cumulative % retained up to sieve #100/ 100

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Sieve NO. Weight % Wt Cumulative % Passing
Retain Retain % Wt.
Retained Retained
#4 0 0 0 100
#8 0.5 0.25 0.25 100
#16 2.5 1.25 1.5 98
#30 17 8.5 10 90
#50 30 15 25 75
#100 100 50 75 25
#200 30 15 90 10
Pan 20 10
Cumulative % Wt. Retained up to Sieve #100 111.75

FM =(0.25+1.5+10+25+75)/100
=111.75/100
17 =1.12
 Sieve Weight Cumulative weight Cumulative %
Sieve size
No retained(g) retained (g) retained (g)

- 80mm 0 0 0

- 40mm 250 250 5

- 20mm 1750 2000 40

- 10mm 1600 3600 72

#4 4.75mm 1400 5000 100

#8 2.36mm 0 5000 100

#16 1.18mm 0 5000 100

#30 0.6mm 0 5000 100

#50 0.3mm 0 5000 100

#100 0.15mm 0 5000 100

FM = 717
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 Combining of fine Aggregate on the basis of FM
The number of parts of fine sand to be mixed with
part of a coarse sand in order to obtain a sand of
desired FM (say 1.8) could be determine
approximately by the following formula :

F c - Fr
F r - Ff
Where, FC and Ff are the F.M. of coarse and fine
sand respectively and ‘Fr’ is the required or desired
F.M. of the mix.
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 While there is no specified grading, it may be desirable to
proportion the available material in such a way that the grading of
the combined aggregate is similar to the specified one. This can
be done by calculation or by graphically.
 By Calculation (through Trial-and-Error)

The basic formula for combining two aggregates is:

P = Axa + Bxb ---------(1)
Since a+b =1 , then a=1-b , Substituting this into equation-1
and solving for ‘b’ we have,

P-A
b = ------------------------------------------------------------------------ (2)
B-A
P-B
An expression for ‘a ’ can also be found as a A-B
= ----------(3)

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 Example of Proportioning Two Aggregates by
Calculation
(Trial-and-Error)

Sieve
(mm, No.) 19 12.5 9.5 #4 #8 # 30 # 50 # 100 # 200

Specification 100 80-100 70-90 50-70 35-50 18-29 13-23 8-16 4-10

Aggregate-A 100 90 59 16 3.2 1.1 0 0 0

Aggregate-B 100 100 100 96 82 51 36 21 9.2

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 b. First trial combination:
For sieve size (#8)

P-A 42.5 - 3.2

b = B-A
=
82 - 3.2
= 0.5, a= 1- 0.5 = 0.5

Sieve (mm, 19.0 12.5 9.5 #4 #8 # 30 # 50 # 100 # 200

No.)

0.5x A 50 45.0 29.5 8.0 1.6 0.6 0 0 0

0.5x B 50 50.0 50.0 48.0 41.0 25.5 18.0 10.5 4.6

Total 100 95.0 79.5 56.0 42.6 26.1 18.0 10.5 4.6

Specification 100 80-100 70-90 50-70 35-50 18-29 13-23 8-16 4-10

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 c. Second trial combination:

Passing (#200) sieve size is low, so increase ‘b’ to 0.55, ‘a’ to

0.45

Sieve 19.0 12.5 9.5 #4 #8 # 30 # 50 # 100 # 200

(mm, No.)

0.45x A 45 40.5 26.6 7.2 1.4 0.5 0 0 0

0.55x B 55 55.0 55.0 52.8 45.1 28.0 19.8 11.5 5.1

Total 100 95.5 81.6 60.0 46.5 28.5 19.8 11.5 5.1

Specification 100 80-100 70-90 50-70 35-50 18-29 13-23 8-16 4-10

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 d. Third trial combination:

Passing (#30) sieve size is High, Let ‘b’ = 0.52, ‘a’ = 0.48

Sieve (mm, 19.0 12.5 9.5 #4 #8 # 30 # 50 # 100 # 200

No.)

0.45x A 48 43.2 28.3 7.7 1.5 0.5 0 0 0

0.55x B 52 52 52 49.9 42.6 26.5 18.7 10.9 4.8

Total 100 95.2 80.3 57.6 44.1 27.0 18.7 10.9 4.8

Specification 100 80-100 70-90 50-70 35-50 18-29 13-23 8-16 4-10

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26 QCU 8/11/2020