*Processes- shifting to online

* Importance of e-commerce
* Consumer buying Behavior
* Social Media

1. (1) (PDF) A Taxonomy of Online Marketing Methods. (2020). ResearchGate.

https://doi.org/10.1108\/978-1-80071-264-520211014

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344189123_A_Taxonomy_of_Online_Marketing_Met

hods
- This chapter presents a systematic review of over thirty (30) types of online marketing
methods. It describes different methods like email marketing, social network marketing,
in-game marketing and augmented reality marketing, among other approaches. The
researchers discuss that the rationale for using these online marketing strategies is to
increase brand awareness, customer centric marketing and consumer loyalty. They shed
light on various personalization methods including recommendation systems and user
generated content in their taxonomy of online marketing terms. Hence, they explain how
these online marketing methods are related to each other. The researchers contend that
the boundaries between online marketing methods have not been clarified enough within
the academic literature. Therefore, this chapter provides a better understanding of
different online marketing methods. A review of the literature suggests that the 'oldest'
online marketing methods including the email and the websites are still very relevant for
today's corporate communication. In conclusion, the researchers put forward their
recommendations for future research about contemporary online marketing methods.

2. (1) (PDF) Key E-Commerce Trends in 2020. (2020). Retrieved November 14, 2020, from

ResearchGate website: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343725847_Key_E-

Commerce_Trends_in_2020

- Global retail e-commerce sales have grown from U.S. Dollars 1.3 trillion in 2014 to U.S.

Dollars 3.5 trillion in 2019 and projected to be U.S. Dollars 6.5 trillion by 2022. This

research aims to examine the developments in e-commerce from a much wider

perspective, that includes, but not limited to technologies, content marketing, strategies,

consumer preferences, standards, policies, regulations, products, services, costs, markets,

value chain, training, curricula, and timelines.

3. (1) (PDF) Disruption in the Chinese E-Commerce During COVID-19. (2020). Retrieved

November 14, 2020, from ResearchGate website:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344436202_Disruption_in_the_Chinese_E-

Commerce_During_COVID-19
- The recent outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has infected millions of citizens
worldwide and claimed many lives. This pandemic has changed human life in many ways, and the
research community is putting efforts to understand these impacts in various sectors. This paper
focuses on its impact on the Chinese market by analyzing the e-commerce behavioral changes seen
at an online shopping platform before and during the pandemic. We present how the epidemic
affected consumer behaviors via time series analysis. We find that disruptions in the supply of
essential goods needed during a disaster can be leveraged for epidemic forecasting, and further
design a hierarchical attention learning model to predict the newly confirmed cases. Experiment
results demonstrate that our predictions outperform existing baselines, which also extends to the
long-term and province-level forecasts. We believe models like ours contribute to better preparing for
future epidemics by gaining extra time to launch preventive steps.

4. (1) Consumer Buying Behaviour towards E-Commerce during COVID-19.

(2020). ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.47607\/ijresm.2020.292

‌
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345205390_Consumer_Buying_Behaviour_towards_E
-Commerce_during_COVID-19

- The job and effect of E-commerce business on Consumer behaviour are driving the business
wide adoption of Consumer behaviour analysis for pulling in more shoppers and improving
their shopping experience. There is a noteworthy change in buyer’s mentalities and shopping
conduct, most of them are relied upon to remain post-pandemic. The lockdown has forced
purchasers to question their shopping habits including cost awareness, preference
inclination for neighbourhood items and the emotional move towards internet business. To
what extend the pandemic changed the buying behaviour of consumer towards online
purchases. Traditional or online practices, which one is most likely to be followed post
pandemic. Are they satisfied with the e-commerce sites and their offerings?

5. (1) COVID-19 and E-commerce Operations: Evidence from Alibaba | Request PDF. (2020).

Retrieved November 14, 2020, from ResearchGate website:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343039626_COVID-19_and_E-

commerce_Operations_Evidence_from_Alibaba
‌This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 on e-commerce sales. We investigate the effect of
COVID-19 on behaviors of the buyers and sellers on the platform, the effect of government
containment policies, as well as the operational drivers underlying the observed impact. Using
detailed transaction and package delivery datasets, we construct a city-day panel data over six
months (11/24/2019-05/27/2020), representing transactions for all buyers and sellers on Alibaba's e-
commerce platform across 339 cities in mainland China. We identify the impact of COVID-19
through a difference-in-difference analysis and identify the impact of containment measures by
leveraging policy changes across cities and deploying a fixed-effect model. First, we document a
systematic decrease in e-commerce sales by 22% during the COVID-19 outbreak (Wuhan
shutdown: 01/23-04/07/2020). However, e-commerce in most cities recovers fairly fast within five
weeks since the shutdown. Second, during the post-outbreak period (04/08-05/27/2020), we find a
significant increase in sales of 11%-26% for less frequent buyers and small to median-sized sellers,
which indicates habit formation of buyers and online expansion of sellers in the long run. Third,
except for the rare case of a complete shutdown, government containment measures in most cities
only have a small impact on e-commerce, with a decrease in sales by 5%-11%. Fourth, we identify a
key underlying mechanism and show that the constraints in logistics capacities significantly drive the
decline and recovery of e-commerce sales. Overall, we provide extensive evidence of how e-
commerce is affected by COVID-19 and containment policies, as well as the operational drivers. The
evidence from Alibaba in the recovery phase can help retailers and policymakers design better
strategies, and put more emphasis and investment in logistics.

6. (1) (PDF) E-commerce trends during COVID-19 Pandemic. (2020). Retrieved November 14,

2020, from ResearchGate website:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342736799_E-

commerce_trends_during_COVID-19_Pandemic
- The Coronavirus intensely transformed the global trends. These variations causative to the
high inadvertent and secondary funds that reflected for this virus. In this article
determined the ecommerce trends in coronavirus predicament as well as how imminent
progress in e-commerce that might affect consumer behavior in future. This article
examines that e-commerce grew due to coronavirus. E-commerce is become a substitute
source and considered top in this condition, and e-retailers provides goods that usually
consumers bought in superstore traditionally. Coronavirus impact on whole e-commerce.
Meanwhile, we want to comprehend their efficacy to stability both cost and benefits as well
connected actions in coming upcoming.
(PDF) E-commerce trends during COVID-19 Pandemic. Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342736799_E-commerce_trends_during_COVID-
19_Pandemic [accessed Nov 14 2020].

7. (1) (PDF) Marketing agility and E-Commerce agility in the light of COVID-19 pandemic: A

study with reference to fast fashion brands. (2020). ResearchGate.

https://doi.org/10.34256\/ajir2041
‌

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344562827_Marketing_agility_and_E-
Commerce_agility_in_the_light_of_COVID-
19_pandemic_A_study_with_reference_to_fast_fashion_brands

- The purpose of this article is to explore the present COVID-19 crisis, which has affected fast-
fashion. Global fast-fashion consumers have lost hope to revamp their wardrobe due to the
broken supply chain network and the fear to visit the stores for purchase. The research
intends to provide a detailed framework for the fast-fashion brands to strategically plan for
post-COVID-19 business normality leading to sustainability. For the development of the
model, careful investigation of the articles was carried out. This research is purely qualitative
in nature depending on secondary data.In the post-COVID-19, the e-commerce industry will
boom and those fast-fashion brands, which are already in the e-commerce platform, have to
know the Percentage of Concentration (POC) in which they have to concentrate so that there
are no wastages and spillover effects. Hence, marketing agility and e-commerce agility
becomes the foundation for fast-fashion brands if it has to recapture its leadership position in
the post COVID-19 pandemic. Fast-fashions have to follow the art of rethinking to replan and
reimplement new strategies to revamp the business.

8. (1) (PDF) The Effect of COVID-19 Spread on the e-commerce market: The case of the 5

largest e-commerce companies in the world. (2020). Retrieved November 14, 2020, from

ResearchGate website:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343123992_The_Effect_of_COVID-

19_Spread_on_the_e-commerce_market_The_case_of_the_5_largest_e-

commerce_companies_in_the_world

- This paper attempts to investigate the effects of the spread of COVID-19 on global e-
commerce companies, where the five largest e-commerce companies in the world were
chosen in terms of revenues and market value, and they were as follows: American Amazon,
Chinese Alibaba, Japanese Rakuten, German Zalando, United kingdom ASOS, has been
Measuring the prevalence of corona virus by "cumulative infections" and "cumulative deaths"
on a daily basis. Besides, it is measured through the values of both the "new corona virus
cases" and the "new corona virus deaths" daily, the dependent variable reflects the response
of the global e-commerce market to the impact of the spread of the corona virus and is
measured by the daily returns of the shares of e-commerce companies to the global financial
markets. This was applied on a daily basis from 15 March 2020 to 25 May 2020. The results
of the descriptive analysis of the returns of the e-commerce companies showed that the
companies achieve positive daily returns by calculating the average daily returns. The results
of the aggregate model, according to the Beta Standardized Coefficients test, indicate the
most important independent variables and an impact on the returns of shares of global
electronic trading companies, a variable (total deaths) was the degree of its impact in the first
rank, in the second rank a variable (total cases) and in the third variable (new cases). The
percentage of the effect of coronavirus spread varied from one company to another,
depending on the country to which it belonged, where the American company Amazon and
 the United kingdom company ASOS were "the cumulative cases of infection are the most
influential and this is consistent with that they are the most affected countries of the
coronavirus during the period of research, and the Chinese company Alibaba and Rakuten
company Japanese "Corona virus cases" were the most influential in their share price
returns, and the German company Zalando was the most influential variable "cumulative
deaths".

9. (1) A Study on the Impact of Coronavirus (COVID 19) on the E-Commerce Industry:

Bangladesh Perspective | Request PDF. (2020). Retrieved November 14, 2020, from

ResearchGate website:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344918871_A_Study_on_the_Impact_of_Coron

avirus_COVID_19_on_the_E-Commerce_Industry_Bangladesh_Perspective

- The main purpose of this research is to understand the impact of coronavirus (COVID-19) on
the e-commerce sector of Bangladesh. After the identification of the first human case of
COVID-19 in December 2019, the world has already seen the deadly nature of the novel
coronavirus. Although it was quite late but slowly Bangladesh also started to suffer from the
coronavirus. There were more than three months of lockdown across the whole country and
many people died because of COVID-19. The economy of the country also tremendously
suffered because of the pandemic. Almost every industry in the country is facing a demand
downturn, labor shortage, and inability to maintain the supply chain. However, the demand
downturn has not been the primary concern for the industry like e-commerce, the industry
has seen an unprecedented rising. Local small online retailers are doing an excellent job
while the big e-commerce giants are quite struggling to maintain customer satisfaction. Two
surveys were conducted and primary research has been done to get a better outcome. The
result indicates that the e-commerce sector has seen a significant rise in Bangladesh
because of the COVID-19, more people are targeting online platform to buy their necessary
products than ever before.

10. (1) (PDF) Impact of COVID-19 on consumer buying behavior toward online shopping in

Iraq. (2020). Retrieved November 14, 2020, from ResearchGate website:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345507104_Impact_of_COVID-

19_on_consumer_buying_behavior_toward_online_shopping_in_Iraq
- With the increasing penetration of the internet, online shopping has become ubiquitous with
payments and deliveries made easy. Moreover, owing to COVID-19, online shopping has become
even more attractive, considering the restricted circumstances. This study investigates the possible
correlation of COVID-19 to consumer buying behaviors of electronic durable goods in Iraq with a
specific focus on understanding consumer adaptations to the related restrictions. This study
examines extant literature and secondary sales data from Samsung, the largest consumer electronic
durable-goods company in Iraq, to show how the pandemic may have encouraged Iraqi consumers
to embrace technology, as hinted by the surge in online purchases. Some markets have found it
difficult to adapt to online shopping, despite the pandemic negatively affecting brick-and-mortar sales
worldwide. However, many are adapting via innovation and investment. Overall, COVID-19 may
have caused Iraqi consumers to embrace technology and adapt their lifestyles to the restricted
circumstances.

11. (1) From Failure To Success: The Cuban Transition From Retailing To E-Commerce In

Times Of Covid-19 | Request PDF. (2020). Retrieved November 14, 2020, from

ResearchGate website:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344206923_From_Failure_To_Success_The_Cu

ban_Transition_From_Retailing_To_E-Commerce_In_Times_Of_Covid-19
- The primary subject matter of this case concerns to transition from brick and mortar retail to e-
commerce. Secondary issues examined include strategy, marketing, logistics, customer service and
customer satisfaction. The case has a difficulty level of five, appropriate for first year graduate level.
The case is designed to be taught in two class hours and is expected to require two hours of outside
preparation by students.

12. (1) (PDF) Legal Measures to Curb Fraudulent E-commerce Websites During the COVID-19

Period. (2020). Retrieved November 14, 2020, from ResearchGate website:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344442872_Legal_Measures_to_Curb_Fraudule

nt_E-commerce_Websites_During_the_COVID-19_Period
- In this paper, we will explain the importance of E-commerce during the Covid-19 period, the
problem of fraudulent e-commerce websites, legal measures for the countries of the world to reduce
this problem. n this paper, we explained the importance of electronic commerce during the
spread of the Covid 19 epidemic and the services it provides to people to reduce the speed
of the spread of the disease. We also explained the methods that fraudsters use to market
fake prostitutes and steal people's money. And we mentioned the laws that the international
community has created to reduce this crime. We recommend that countries that have not
enacted a law to curb this crime to have strict laws to punish fraudsters. Likewise, countries
of the world must cooperate by legislating a unified law that protects consumers, as
electronic commerce is cross-border.
(PDF) Legal Measures to Curb Fraudulent E-commerce Websites During the COVID-19 Period.
Available from:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344442872_Legal_Measures_to_Curb_Fraudulent_
E-commerce_Websites_During_the_COVID-19_Period [accessed Nov 14 2020].
13. (1) (PDF) COVID-19 IMPACT ON E-COMMERCE USAGE: AN EMPIRICAL

EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIAN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY. (2020). ResearchGate.

https://doi.org/10.18510\/hssr.2020.8364

‌https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341867520_COVID-19_IMPACT_ON_E-
COMMERCE_USAGE_AN_EMPIRICAL_EVIDENCE_FROM_MALAYSIAN_HEALTHCA
RE_INDUSTRY

- Purpose of the study: The purpose of the study is to investigate the COVID-19 impact on e-
commerce usage in the Malaysian healthcare industry through the Technological,
Organizational, and Environmental (TOE) model. Methodology: This is a quantitative online
survey-based research. The questionnaires are distributed among 100 samples from a
healthcare provider, namely doctors, hospital management, medical assistant nurses, and
medical supplier, particularly in Peninsular Malaysia. The sample comprised 45% male and
55% female. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 25 and PLS-SEM 3.0 to examine the
relationship between variables and to test the hypotheses. Main Findings: The finding
reveals that organization readiness, e-commerce knowledge, and supply chain integration
have a significant positive impact. In contrast, IT infrastructure and external pressure have
an insignificant effect on e-commerce usage. Applications of the Study: The benefits
obtained from this study can be used to empower e-commerce usage in the healthcare
industry of Malaysia. Also, it will enhance the quality of services hence advancing the
healthcare services and operations. Novelty/Originality of the Study: The combined effect of
the TOE and DOI theory on e-commerce usage for the healthcare industry to contribute to
the literature.

14. (1) (PDF) The Impact of Mobile e-Commerce on GDP: A Comparative Analysis between

Romania and Germany and how Covid-19 Influences the e-Commerce Activity

Worldwide. (2020). ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.24818\/issn14531305\/24.2.2020.03

h‌ ttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/342868068_The_Impact_of_Mobile_e-
Commerce_on_GDP_A_Comparative_Analysis_between_Romania_and_Germany_and_how_C
ovid-19_Influences_the_e-Commerce_Activity_Worldwide

- During recent years, there has been an increase in the usage of mobile devices as well as a
widening of the range of activities that can be performed using them. Thus, a new field of
study has been developed, the mobile commerce, which represents the activity of using
mobile devices (phones, tablets or any other portable devices) to buy and sell products and
services through online store platforms, whether they are business to business, business to
customer or customer to customer. Our study consists of two parts, the first one analyses the
impact of the mobile commerce’s growth on the Gross Domestic Product for both a West
European country - Germany and an East European country – Romania from 2014 to 2019.
The analysis aims to understand the mobile commerce importance in the pre-COVID-19 era,
in the context of stable economies. The second part studies the general consumer behavior
towards classic commerce and electronic commerce in the context of COVID-19 pandemic
state. In this regard we analyzed data for January-April 2020 and studied the main changes
for the countries which were either early affected by the pandemic, severely affected or both.
15. (1) (PDF) To buy or not buy food online: The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on the

adoption of e-commerce in China. (2020). ResearchGate.

https://doi.org/10.1371\/journal.pone.0237900

‌
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343780761_To_buy_or_not_buy_food_online_The_im
pact_of_the_COVID-19_epidemic_on_the_adoption_of_e-commerce_in_China

- Drawing on a recent online survey combined with city-level data, this paper examines the
impact of the COVID-19 on consumers’ online food purchase behavior in the short term. To
address the potential endogeneity issues, we adopt an instrumental variable (IV) strategy,
using the distance from the surveyed city to Wuhan as the instrumental variable. We show
that our IV method is effective in minimizing potential bias. It is found that the share of
confirmed COVID-19 cases increases the possibility of consumers purchasing food online.
This is more likely to be the case for young people having a lower perceived risk of online
purchases and living in large cities. Despite some limitations, this paper has policy
implications for China and other countries that have been influenced by the COVID-19
epidemic. Specifically, government support and regulation should focus on (i) ensuring the
safety of food sold on the internet, (ii) protecting the carrier from becoming infected, and (iii)
providing financial support to the poor since they may have difficulties in obtaining access to
food living in small cities. Moreover, how to help those who are unable to purchase food
online because of their technical skills (e.g., the elderly who are not familiar with smart
phones or the internet) also deserves more attention for the government and the public.

16. (1) LEGAL PROTECTION OF ONLINE BUSINESS TRANSACTION (E-COMMERCE)

DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN INDONESIA. (2020). ResearchGate.

https://doi.org/10.24269\/ls.v4i1.2660

‌
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341475311_LEGAL_PROTECTION_OF_ONLINE_B
USINESS_TRANSACTION_E-COMMERCE_DURING_THE_COVID-
19_PANDEMIC_IN_INDONESIA

- In Indonesia, the electronic business (e-commerce) transaction has shown a rapid

development after the application of the social distancing in the efforts to handle the spread
of the coronavirus disease (Covid-19). Initially, the increase of the people’s interests to shop
online was to buy masks and hand sanitizers for protection against the disease. Then, there
was an increase of interest to buy stationery (as there is the trend of working and studying
from home) and also medical equipment. Yet, in its application, there are many cases of
where the customers experienced loss due to the use of this type of business transaction.
There are legal protections on electronic transaction which have been violated during the
time of the Covid-19 pandemic. These transactions are regulated on the Constitution No. 11
of 2007 regarding Information and Electronic Transaction and also Article 1365 of Burgerlijke
 Wetboek (BW). The stipulations of the BW Article 1365 may be applied in cases which
violate the law in online business transactions (e-commerce). To fill in the legal void, there
needs to be an extensive legal interpretation.

17. (1) (PDF) Covid-19 Lockdown Exposes Gaping Holes in E-commerce and Farm Food

Supply Chains. (2020). Retrieved November 14, 2020, from ResearchGate website:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343713005_Covid-

19_Lockdown_Exposes_Gaping_Holes_in_E-commerce_and_Farm_Food_Supply_Chains
- On March 24, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology issued an
advisory to States, asking them to treat e-commerce as an essential service. A few days
before, industry body CII had urged the Centre to exempt e-commerce (delivery and
shipment) from Covid-19 preventive measures. Being listed as an essential service
came as a moment of validation for both e-commerce companies and consumers who
rely on home deliveries. The ensuing disruptions, however, have revealed the invisible
links tethering the digital economy to the dynamics of the real economy, including its
dependence on human labour. The mere declaration of e-commerce as essential was
not enough to ensure supply chain efficiency. This pointed to the fallacy of a crisis-
response modelled solely on neoliberal faith in a self-correcting market.

18. (1) (PDF) The Effect Of COVID-19 On Consumer Behaviour In Saudi Arabia: Switching

From Brick And Mortar Stores To E-Commerce. (2020). Retrieved November 14, 2020,

from ResearchGate website:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343448244_The_Effect_Of_COVID-

19_On_Consumer_Behaviour_In_Saudi_Arabia_Switching_From_Brick_And_Mortar_St
ores_To_E-Commerce

- Individuals' adoption has been reckoned as an important indicator of the success of new
technology. Hence, it is crucial to identify the reasons why individuals choose to use or not to
use a particular technology. Understanding one's behaviour towards accepting or rejecting
technologies has been proven as one of the most challenging issues within the information
systems (IS) domain, not to mention during exceptional circumstances, such as during
pandemic times. As such, this study empirically assessed the factors that affect consumers'
intention to adopt e-commerce during Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Saudi
Arabia. The 10 factors examined in this study are perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease
of use (PEOU), subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioural control (PBC), perceived lack
of alternatives, perceived risk, perceived punishable infractions, risk-taking propensity,
perceived external pressure, and government support. Data were collected online among
social media users by employing the snowball sampling technique. A total of 190 valid
responses were obtained. The data analysis showed that PU, risk taking propensity, PBC,
perceived lack of alternatives, and government support significantly influenced consumers'
 intention to adopt e-commerce during the COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia. Meanwhile,
PEOU, SN, perceived external pressure, perceived risk, and perceived punishable
infractions exerted insignificant effect on consumers' intention to adopt e-commerce.

19. (1) (PDF) An Insight into Online Buying Behaviour of Customers in Punjab, India during

Covid-19 Pandemic. (2020). Retrieved November 14, 2020, from ResearchGate website:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344670851_An_Insight_into_Online_Buying_B

ehaviour_of_Customers_in_Punjab_India_during_Covid-19_Pandemic
- n a short period of time, COVID-19 has changed the lives and livelihoods of people around the
globe. Consumer's attitudes, behaviours and purchasing habits are changing and many of these new
ways will remain post-pandemic. People are living differently, buying differently and, in many ways,
thinking differently. Supply chains have been tested. Retailers are closing doors. Consumers across
the globe are looking at products and brands through a new lens. The virus is reshaping the industry
in real-time, rapidly accelerating long-term underlying trends in the space of mere weeks (Wright,
2020). While purchases are currently centered on the most basic needs people are shopping more
consciously, buying local and are embracing digital/e-commerce. To manage isolation, consumers
are using digital to connect, learn and play and they will continue to. This study helps to get an
insight of the online buying behaviour of consumers residing in State of Punjab, India during Covid-
19 pandemic period with the help of a structured questionnaire.

20. (1) Russian jewelry market in face of pandemic in 2020. (2020). ResearchGate.

https://doi.org/10.24143\/2073-5537-2020-3-87-93

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344977973_Russian_jewelry_market_in_face
_of_pandemic_in_2020

- The article considers the trends and trends of the jewelry market of the last five years. There
can be stated a reorientation of the domestic market towards silver jewelry, stabilization of
market rates including the production of gold and silver jewelry, as well as gold and silver
import. It has been found that the composition of the main market players has not changed
for several years. The relevance of e-commerce during the quarantine period and after its
termination, and notes the prospects for its development, despite the fact that jewelry is a
product that consumers often prefer to see with their own eyes and try on before purchasing.
The market break down and changes in consumers’ attitude have been observed due to the
current epidemiological and economic situation. The trends in consumers’ attitude are
considered: the modesty of the brand is preferred and less attention is paid to the cost and
percentage of precious metals in the product. The audience begins to appreciate the brand's
intelligence and becomes more and more feminist giving preference to the originality of the
design, possibility of non-standard wear, environmental friendliness of the materials, brand's
reputation and its declared history at the moment, to value intelligence and good response
on the company's part. A sharp decline in purchasing power due to the deterioration of the
global and national economic situation makes its own adjustments. The situation in the
jewelry market is expected to worsen, demand is falling and retail chains' revenues are
falling against the background of a decline in household income and the upcoming increase
 in the cost of jewelry in the 2nd half of 2020 by 10%. The consumer buys not just a thing of a
certain weight or order, but a piece of jewelry, which carries the history of the company, its
reputation, the specific name of an authoritative designer. There is explained the need for
the heads and managers of retail jewelry chains to take into account the trends in consumer
sentiment, create a comprehensive communication program, rely on the authenticity of the
company's image and brand of products, and attract reputable designers who are able to
develop original products.

21. (1) Investigating Innovative E-Commerce Practices During COVID-19 Movement Control

Order: Lessons from 4 Examples | Request PDF. (2020). ResearchGate.

https://doi.org/10.1007\/978-3-030-58817-5_64

‌ ttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/345006583_Investigating_Innovative_E-
h
Commerce_Practices_During_COVID-
19_Movement_Control_Order_Lessons_from_4_Examples

- The Movement Control Order (MCO) encourages mandatory stay-at-home and has resulted
in much socio-economic-technical repercussions. As such, this study aims to identify lessons
from innovative examples to quicken recovery for the tourism industry in Malaysia. We
investigate two examples of global innovation and two examples of local innovation with
regards to organizational/process/product (including innovative privacy and security
protection) and marketing innovation during the COVID-19 MCO in Malaysia. Findings
highlight the need for organizational innovation, (including careful privacy and security
protection), followed by business model transformation through shifts in centrality in design,
mediated by product/process/marketing innovation. A human-centred, crowd-sourcing
(social-collaborative computing) use case is presented as an example. Another key
contribution is confirmation of a Restorative Innovation framework’s components and its
adaptation post-COVID-19.

22. (1) (PDF) Digital Marketing During the Pandemic Period; A Study of Islamic Perspective.

(2020). ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.21580\/jdmhi.2020.2.1.5717

‌
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342890644_Digital_Marketing_During_the_Pandemic
_Period_A_Study_of_Islamic_Perspective

- The Covid 19 pandemic caused significant changes, especially those relating to marketing
that led to digital usage. This article aims to determine the prospects and effects of digital
marketing in the pandemic period and develop the concept of digital marketing from an
Islamic perspective. The methodology of this article uses a descriptive qualitative approach
by analyzing various literature on digital marketing. The results of this study found that
advances in information technology played a role in the development of digital marketing,
especially during the Covid-19 Pandemic. The characterization of digital marketing from an
Islamic perspective will open new avenues for future research and will make researchers
more theoretical. Sensitive to the ontological and epistemological assumptions underlying
Islamic marketing research. This article contributes to the development of digital marketing
 from an Islamic perspective by introducing and characterizing potential new fields of Islamic
marketing research. In the future, business people must follow technological advancements
as digital marketing media to increase their marketing.

23. Gao, X., Shi, X., Guo, H., & Liu, Y. (2020). To buy or not buy food online: The impact of

the COVID-19 epidemic on the adoption of e-commerce in China. PLOS ONE, 15(8),

e0237900. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237900

‌https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0237900

- Drawing on a recent online survey combined with city-level data, this paper examines the impact
of the COVID-19 on consumers’ online food purchase behavior in the short term. To address the
potential endogeneity issues, we adopt an instrumental variable (IV) strategy, using the distance
from the surveyed city to Wuhan as the instrumental variable. We show that our IV method is
effective in minimizing potential bias. It is found that the share of confirmed COVID-19 cases
increases the possibility of consumers purchasing food online. This is more likely to be the case
for young people having a lower perceived risk of online purchases and living in large cities.
Despite some limitations, this paper has policy implications for China and other countries that
have been influenced by the COVID-19 epidemic. Specifically, government support and
regulation should focus on (i) ensuring the safety of food sold on the internet, (ii) protecting the
carrier from becoming infected, and (iii) providing financial support to the poor since they may
have difficulties in obtaining access to food living in small cities. Moreover, how to help those who
are unable to purchase food online because of their technical skills (e.g., the elderly who are not
familiar with smart phones or the internet) also deserves more attention for the government and
the public.

24. Chang, H., & Meyerhoefer, C. D. (2020). COVID            ‐19 and the Demand for Online

Food Shopping Services: Empirical Evidence from Taiwan. American Journal of

Agricultural Economics. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajae.12170

‌https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ajae.12170

- We investigate how the coronavirus pandemic affected the demand for online
food shopping services using data from the largest agri‐food e‐commerce
platform in Taiwan. We find that an additional confirmed case of COVID‐19
increased sales by 5.7% and the number of customers by 4.9%. The demand for
grains, fresh fruit and vegetables, and frozen foods increased the most, which
benefited small farms over agribusinesses. The variety of products sold on the e‐
commerce platform also increased during the pandemic, which suggests the
concentration of sales on niche products could increase as more consumers are
drawn to online platforms. Our investigation of mechanisms for the shift to online
food shopping indicates that sales were highly responsive to COVID‐19 media
coverage and online content.
25. Mohammad Waliul Hasanat, Ashikul Hoque, Farzana Afrin Shikha, Mashrekha Anwar,

Hamid, A., & Huam Hon Tat. (2020). The Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on E-

Business in Malaysia. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 3(1), 85–90. Retrieved

from https://asianjournal.org/online/index.php/ajms/article/view/219
- the key purpose of this research is to determine the impact of coronavirus (Covid-19) on the
online business in Malaysia. Coronavirus one of the deadly known viruses has already taken
the lives of many in almost half of the country. This means that the country’s economic growth
has lowered down. It has almost shaken up all types of business including the e-commerce
business on a massive scale. Major retailers have temporarily shuttered their stores. Apart
from that, the medium and small-sized retailers are combating with the situation due to low
footfalls. Further, online businesses are also not out of the list. They are also severely affected
by Malaysia. Many e-commerce businesses rely upon China for half of its merchandise
products. Therefore, it is assumed that this deadly virus will severely impact the Malaysian
online business especially the Chinese products. A survey has been conducted for this research
and primary research has been carried out to get a better outcome. The results illustrated that
as the maximum of the products comes from China and the maximum of the industries are
lockdown which means that there is no import and export of the product.

26. Hou, Z., Du, F., Jiang, H., Zhou, X., & Lin, L. (2020). Assessment of Public Attention, Risk

Perception, Emotional and Behavioural Responses to the COVID-19 Outbreak: Social

Media Surveillance in China. SSRN Electronic Journal.

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3551338

‌https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3551338

- Background: Using social media surveillance data, this study aimed to assess public
attention and awareness, risk perception, emotion, and behavioural response to the
COVID-19 outbreak in real time.

Methods: We collected social media data from the three most popular platforms in China:
Sina Weibo (microblog), Baidu search engine, and Ali e-commerce marketplace, from
the beginning of the outbreak, 1 Dec 2019, to 15 Feb 2020. Quantitative behavioural data
including Weibo post counts, Weibo Hot Search ranking, and Baidu searches were used
to generate indices assessing public attention and awareness. Public intention and actual
adoption of recommended personal protection measures (e.g. hand sanitisers) or panic
buying triggered by rumours and misinformation (e.g. garlics) were measured by Baidu
and Ali indices. Correlation analysis was performed to detect consistency among the
three indices. Qualitative data from Weibo posts were collected and analysed by the
Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) text analysis programme to assess public
 emotion responses to epidemiological events, governments’ announcements, and
epidemic control measures.

Findings: We identified two missed windows of opportunity for early epidemic control
during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak, one in Dec 2019 and the other
between 31 Dec and 19 Jan, when public attention and awareness was very low despite
the emerging outbreak. Delayed release of information ignited negative public emotions.
The public responded quickly to government announcements and adopted recommended
behaviours according to issued guidelines. We found rumours and misinformation
regarding remedies and cures led to panic buying during the outbreak, and timely
clarification of rumours effectively reduced irrational behaviour.

Interpretation: Social media surveillance can enable timely assessments of public reaction
to risk communication and epidemic control measures, and the immediate clarification of
rumours. This should be fully incorporated into epidemic preparedness and response
systems.

27. Yuan, Y., Guan, M., Zhou, Z., Kim, S., Cha, M., Jin, D., & Li, Y. (2020). Disruption in the

Chinese E-Commerce During COVID-19. Retrieved November 14, 2020, from arXiv.org

website: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.14605
- this paper examines its impact on the Chinese e-commerce market by analyzing behavioral changes seen from a
large online shopping platform. We first conduct a time series analysis to identify product categories that faced the
most extensive disruptions. The time-lagged analysis shows that behavioral patterns seen in shopping actions are
highly responsive to epidemic development. Based on these findings, we present a consumer demand prediction
method by encompassing the epidemic statistics and behavioral features for COVID-19 related products.
Experiment results demonstrate that our predictions outperform existing baselines and further extend to the long-
term and province-level forecasts. We discuss how our market analysis and prediction can help better prepare for
future pandemics by gaining an extra time to launch preventive steps.

28. Seetharaman, P. (2020). Business models shifts: Impact of Covid-19. International Journal of

Information Management, 54, 102173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102173

‌https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268401220309890

- No amount of crystal ball gazing may help us fathom the full impact of
the Covid-19 (C-19) crisis on business organizations in a distinct
manner. Given the lack of precedence, any such analyses seem to
demand routine revisions as we progress further up the “number of
infected” curve. Most countries of the world have imposed restrictions
on social congregations or even people working in close proximity to
each other. Industries that produce and deliver information products
 and services therefore, have continued to function while those that
manufacture physical products especially labor-intensive firms were
forced to minimize operations or temporarily shut down. However, in
most countries, physical products which were essential in nature were
reluctantly permitted to be manufactured given the need for them in
people’s everyday life. In this viewpoint, I draw upon three dimensions
– information intensity of product/service, information intensity of
process/value chain; along with a third dimension – essential nature of
the product/service to help understand the immediate implications of C-
19. I also present some anecdotal evidences of attempts to alter business
models in these circumstances in order to address the challenges that
certain product characteristics impose but at the same capitalize on the
business opportunities presented by the essentiality of the products.
29. The role of e-commerce in the urban food system under COVID-19: lessons from China  | 

Emerald Insight. (2020). China Agricultural Economic Review.

https://doi.org/10.1108\/CAER

‌https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/CAER-06-2020-0146/full/html

The purpose of this study is to investigate e-commerce as a new means to

ensure that the urban demand for food can be met during the coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. Because a number of COVID-19 e-
commerce models have emerged, this paper discusses whether and (if so)
why and how e-commerce can ensure the food supply for urban residents if
social distancing becomes a norm and the transport and logistics systems are
hindered.
This study used qualitative research methods following the lack of empirical
data. The authors referred to relevant literature, statistical data and official
reports and comprehensively described the importance of e-commerce in
ensuring the safety of food supply to Chinese urban residents under the
impact of the epidemic. Corresponding to the traditional case study, this study
presented a Chinese case on ensuring food supply through e-commerce
during an epidemic.
The authors found that three e-commerce models played a substantial role in
preventing the spread of the epidemic and ensuring the food supply for urban
residents. The nationwide e-commerce platforms under market leadership
played their roles by relying on the sound infrastructure of large cities and its
logistics system was vulnerable to the epidemic. In the worst-affected areas,
particularly in closed and isolated communities, the local e-commerce model
was the primary model, supplemented by the unofficial e-commerce model
based on social relations. Through online booking, centralized procurement
and community distribution, the risk of cross infection could be effectively
reduced and the food demand could be effectively satisfied. The theoretical
explanation further verifies that, apart from e-commerce, a governance
system that integrates the government, e-commerce platform, community
streets and the unofficial guanxi also impels the success of these models.

30. Dannenberg, P., Fuchs, M., Riedler, T., & Wiedemann, C. (2020). Digital Transition by

COVID‐19 Pandemic? The German Food Online Retail. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En

Sociale Geografie, 111(3), 543–560. https://doi.org/10.1111/tesg.12453

‌https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/tesg.12453

- The COVID‐19 pandemic has led to a sharp increase in online trade. This article
examines the impact of the pandemic on online grocery retail in Germany. Here
we follow and refine the multi‐level perspective by Geels, and examine to what
extent and why the online grocery retail expanded during the pandemic. A
particular focus is on the spatial expansion into rural areas. The study shows a
general upswing in the grocery trade and disproportionately high growth in online
grocery trade and identifies driving and limiting factors. While COVID‐19 has
opened a window of opportunity, our results indicate little transition of grocery to
e‐grocery. This finding can be explained by the sudden and temporary
constellation at the level of the socio‐technical regime during the pandemic. As a
result, we argue for a rethinking the temporality of windows of opportunities and
the related vulnerability of the innovations which need them.

31. Georgescu, T., Pantelimon, F., &Posedaru, B. (2020). The Impact of Mobile e-Commerce on
GDP: A Comparative Analysis between Romania and Germany and how Covid-19 Influ ences
the eCommerce Activity Worldwide. Retrieved from http://revistaie.ase.ro/content/94/03%20-
%20pantelimon,%20georgescu,%20posedaru.pdf

- During recent years, there has been an increase in the usage of mobile devices as well as
a widening of the range of activities that can be performed using them. Thus, a new field
of study has been developed, the mobile commerce, which represents the activity of using
mobile devices (phones, tablets or any other portable devices) to buy and sell products
and services through online store platforms, whether they are business to business,
business to customer or customer to customer. Our study consists of two parts, the first
one analyses the impact of the mobile commerce’s growth on the Gross Domestic
Product for both a West European country - Germany and an East European country –
Romania from 2014 to 2019. The analysis aims to understand the mobile commerce
importance in the pre-COVID-19 era, in the context of stable economies. The second part
studies the general consumer behavior towards classic commerce and electronic
commerce in the context of COVID-19 pandemic state. In this regard we analyzed data
 for January-April 2020 and studied the main changes for the countries which were either
early affected by the pandemic, severely affected or both
RESULTS: All the industries suffered severe changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Although
the global economy is in decline, some sectors show an increase in values, e-commerce being
one of them. Due to isolation measures and recommendations the consumer spending in physical
stores decreased severely. Thus, people switched from buying from physical stores to e-
commerce. As seen in fig. 17, more than half of respondents in Vietnam, China and India
declared that they do purchase online more frequently than before, followed by Italy with one
third of respondents. On the other hand, in half of the analyzed countries, less than 20% of the
respondents declared that they increased their online shopping activities (12% in Germany, 16%
in France and Canada, 18% in Australia, Japan and the United Kingdom). However, in all the
above-mentioned countries, a high percentage of respondents reported no change in the purchase
frequency. This can be attributed to the high level of e-commerce already existing in all these
countries before COVID-19 started. Also, although the global internet traffic spent for e-
commerce in general increased tremendously, there are some industries where it decreased, such
as jewelry, retail healthcare, luxury products and tourism. The general behavior of e-commerce
consumers was severely changed during March and April 2020. It is expected that these shifts
will last on some degree even when the COVID-19 pandemic will stop, therefore the e-
commerce sector will continue to grow. We assume that the longer the pandemic will last, the
more people will migrate from physical stores to online shopping.

31. Watanabe, T., & Omori, Y. (n.d.). Crisis: Evidence from Japan. Retrieved from

https://www.centralbank.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/cb-wp023.pdf
- The spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infections has led to substantial changes in
consumption patterns. While demand for services that involve face-to-face contact has decreased
sharply, online consumption of goods and services, such as through e-commerce, is increasing.
The aim of this study is to investigate whether online consumption will continue to increase even
after COVID-19 subsides, using credit card transaction data. Online consumption requires
upfront costs, which have been regarded as one of the factors inhibiting the diffusion of online
consumption. However, if many consumers made such upfront investments due to the
coronavirus pandemic, they would have no reason to return to offline consumption after the
pandemic has ended, and high levels of online consumption should continue. Our main findings
are as follows. First, the main group responsible for the increase in online consumption are
consumers who were already familiar with online consumption before the pandemic and
purchased goods and service both online and offline. These consumers increased the share of
online spending in their spending overall and/or stopped offline consumption completely and
switched to online consumption only. Second, some consumers that had never used the internet
for purchases before started to use the internet for their consumption activities due to COVID-19.
However, the share of consumers making this switch was not very different from the trend before
the crisis. Third, by age group, the switch to online consumption was more pronounced among
youngsters than seniors. These findings suggest that it is not the case that during the pandemic a
large number of consumers made the upfront investment necessary to switch to online
consumption, so a certain portion of the increase in online consumption is likely to fall away
again as COVID-19 subsides.
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