SPE Papers Well Deliverability

Nov-09
NOTES:
The papers listed here have been obtained by search SPE and IPTC papers post 2005 on the SPE's OnePetro
The papers relating to reservoir engineering have been catergorised for inclusion on the reservoirengineering.org.uk website
The affiiations searched were;
Total No Papers Reservoir Engineering Related

BP 551 175
Shell 575 279
Chevron 482 238
ConocoPhillips 191 68
Marathon 55 37
Total 255 129
Schlumberger 1130 563
Imperial College, London 95 53
Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh 235 175
(Anywhere in Article)
Total 3569 1717
Total number of papers published post 2005 10,000
35% of papers published categorised

Paper
Organisation Source No. Chapter Section
SHELL SPE 101038 Well Deliverability Acid Treatments
TOTAL SPE 107760 Well Deliverability Acid Treatments
SCHLUMBERGER IPTC 12368 Well Deliverability Acid Treatments
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 126066 Well Deliverability Artificial Lift
CONOCO SPE 114912 Well Deliverability Artificial Lift
CHEVRON SPE 128337 Well Deliverability Artificial Lift

BP SPE 115950 Well Deliverability Artificial Lift
CONOCO SPE 117489 Well Deliverability Artificial Lift
Heriot Watt University SPE 122231 Well Deliverability Clean-up
Heriot Watt University IPTC 12145 Well Deliverability Compex Wells
CONOCO SPE 114011 Well Deliverability Completion Optimisation
TOTAL SPE 102550 Well Deliverability Completion Optimisation
CHEVRON SPE 89753 Well Deliverability Completion Optimisation

BP SPE 106854 Well Deliverability Completion Optimisation
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 102544 Well Deliverability Completion Optimisation
SCHLUMBERGER IPTC 12364 Well Deliverability Completion Optimisation
Heriot Watt University SPE 108173 Well Deliverability Completion Optimisation
SHELL SPE 99921 Well Deliverability Completion Optimisation
SHELL SPE 100495 Well Deliverability Completion Optimisation
CHEVRON SPE 100834 Well Deliverability Complex Wells

SCHLUMBERGER SPE 100834 Well Deliverability Complex Wells
Heriot Watt University SPE 123682 Well Deliverability Complex Wells
SCHLUMBERGER IPTC 11630 Well Deliverability Complex Wells
SHELL SPE 90959 Well Deliverability Complex Wells
BP SPE 98359 Well Deliverability Condensate Banking
SHELL SPE 102831 Well Deliverability Controlled injection
MARATHON SPE 99718 Well Deliverability Downhole Control Valves
BP SPE 99878 Well Deliverability Dual ESP
Heriot Watt University SPE 99878 Well Deliverability Dual ESP
BP SPE 115546 Well Deliverability Erosion
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 102653 Well Deliverability ESP
Imperial College SPE 96722 Well Deliverability ESP
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 96722 Well Deliverability ESP
SHELL SPE 105583 Well Deliverability Foam flow
CHEVRON SPE 101987 Well Deliverability Formation Damage/High Velocity Flow

SCHLUMBERGER IPTC 12668 Well Deliverability Fracture Design
CONOCO SPE 106050 Well Deliverability Fracture Design
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 106050 Well Deliverability Fracture Design
Heriot Watt University SPE 86485 Well Deliverability Fracture Design
SHELL SPE 108011 Well Deliverability Fracture Design
CHEVRON SPE 112531 Well Deliverability Fracture Design

BP SPE 102616 Well Deliverability Fracture Design
TOTAL SPE 107392 Well Deliverability Fracture Design


SCHLUMBERGER IPTC 11150 Well Deliverability Fracture Design
Heriot Watt University SPE 107432 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnosis
SCHLUMBERGER IPTC 11347 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnostics
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 102326 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnostics
SHELL SPE 102326 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnostics
Heriot Watt University SPE 121916 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnostics
CHEVRON SPE 102326 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnostics

BP SPE 102528 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnostics
BP SPE 106301 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnostics

Heriot Watt University SPE 107634 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnostics
SHELL SPE 98746 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnostics

SCHLUMBERGER IPTC 12183 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnostics
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 119351 Well Deliverability Fracture Dignostics
CONOCO SPE 107793 Well Deliverability Fracture Performance
Heriot Watt University SPE 115726 Well Deliverability Fracture Performance
TOTAL SPE 102475 Well Deliverability Fracturing
CONOCO SPE 114804 Well Deliverability Fracturing
CHEVRON SPE 103433 Well Deliverability Gas Condensate Deliverability
SHELL SPE 112234 Well Deliverability Gas Coning Control
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 104202 Well Deliverability Gas Lift Systems
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 106854 Well Deliverability Gas Production
SHELL SPE 110754 Well Deliverability Heavy Oil-in-Water Emulsion
CHEVRON SPE 102773 Well Deliverability High Velocity Coefficient

TOTAL SPE 98164 Well Deliverability Horizontal Well
Heriot Watt University SPE 104183 Well Deliverability Horizontal Well
BP IPTC 11508 Well Deliverability Horizontal Well
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 113553 Well Deliverability Horizontal Well
TOTAL SPE 112077 Well Deliverability Horizontal Well
CONOCO SPE 97121 Well Deliverability Horizontal Well
SHELL SPE 102678 Well Deliverability Horizontal Well
BP SPE 100796 Well Deliverability Hydrate Control
Heriot Watt University SPE 107138 Well Deliverability Inflow Performance
SHELL SPE 102077 Well Deliverability Inflow Performance
CHEVRON SPE 84399 Well Deliverability Inflow Performance

CHEVRON SPE 90541 Well Deliverability Inflow Profiling
Imperial College SPE 95843 Well Deliverability Intelligent WAG Injector

SCHLUMBERGER SPE 120800 Well Deliverability Intelligent Well
BP IPTC 11784 Well Deliverability Intelligent Well
Heriot Watt University SPE 108700 Well Deliverability Intelligent Well
CHEVRON SPE 103308 Well Deliverability Intelligent Well

CONOCO SPE 103617 Well Deliverability Lab Testing - Fracturing
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 103617 Well Deliverability Lab Testing - Fracturing
SHELL SPE 122133 Well Deliverability Lab Testing - Stimulation
MARATHON SPE 120625 Well Deliverability Liquid Loading
CHEVRON IPTC 11332 Well Deliverability Liquid Loading

SHELL SPE 104605 Well Deliverability Liquid Loading
BP SPE 107467 Well Deliverability Liquid Loading
BP IPTC 11651 Well Deliverability Liquid Loading
CHEVRON SPE 103266 Well Deliverability Liquid Loading
CHEVRON SPE 116764 Well Deliverability Liquid Loading

MARATHON SPE 103151 Well Deliverability Liquid Loading
CONOCO SPE 107780 Well Deliverability Modelling - Acid treatment
CHEVRON SPE 109588 Well DeliverabilityModelling - Coupled Reservoir/Geomechanical

SCHLUMBERGER SPE 104629 Well Deliverability Modelling - Flow Assurance
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 116370 Well Deliverability Modelling - Well Productivity
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 120049 Well Deliverability Modellling - Sanding Prediction
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 105022 Well Deliverability Perforation Methods
SHELL SPE 102656 Well Deliverability Perforation Methods
SHELL SPE 101082 Well Deliverability Perforation Methods
TOTAL SPE 120508 Well Deliverability Perforation Methods
CHEVRON SPE 108088 Well Deliverability Perforation Methods

MARATHON IPTC 12334 Well Deliverability Perforation Methods
SHELL IPTC 12334 Well Deliverability Perforation Methods
CHEVRON SPE 128334 Well Deliverability Perforation Methods

Heriot Watt University SPE 107864 Well Deliverability Performance Decline
Heriot Watt University SPE 100512 Well Deliverability Performance Decline
BP SPE 98351 Well Deliverability Produced Water Injection
Heriot Watt University SPE 122266 Well Deliverability Production Capacity
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 110978 Well Deliverability Production Optimisation
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 112491 Well Deliverability Sand Control
SHELL SPE 101187 Well Deliverability Sand Control
CONOCO SPE 105541 Well Deliverability Sand Control
CHEVRON SPE 98563 Well Deliverability Sand Control
CONOCO SPE 105542 Well Deliverability Sand Control
BP SPE 104532 Well Deliverability Sand control
BP SPE 107297 Well Deliverability Sand Control
CHEVRON SPE 110395 Well deliverability Sand Control

Heriot Watt University SPE 122054 Well Deliverability Sand Control
TOTAL IPTC 12388 Well Deliverability Sand Control
TOTAL SPE 98562 Well Deliverability Sand Control
SCHLUMBERGER IPTC 12448 Well Deliverability Sand Control

BP SPE 98252 Well Deliverability Sand control



TOTAL SPE 100023 Well Deliverability Sand Erosion
CONOCO SPE 121498 Well Deliverability Sand Management
SHELL SPE 112099 Well Deliverability Sand Management
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 112904 Well Deliverability Sand Management
Imperial College SPE 100944 Well Deliverability Sand Production
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 100944 Well Deliverability Sand Production
TOTAL SPE 104239 Well Deliverability Sand Production
BP SPE 89895 Well Deliverability Sand production
Heriot Watt University SPE 89895 Well Deliverability Sand production
Imperial College SPE 89895 Well Deliverability Sand production

BP SPE 84500 Well Deliverability Sand production
Imperial College SPE 84500 Well Deliverability Sand production
BP SPE 115058 Well Deliverability Sand Production
BP SPE 90273 Well Deliverability Sand Production

SHELL SPE 102305 Well Deliverability Sand Production
TOTAL SPE 100627 Well Deliverability Scale Inhibitors
Imperial College SPE 100371 Well Deliverability Scale Management
Imperial College SPE 82249 Well Deliverability Skin Factor
CONOCO SPE 77363 Well Deliverability Skin Factor Model
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 90383 Well Deliverability State of the Nation
CONOCO SPE 107978 Well Deliverability Stimulation
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 106272 Well Deliverability Stimulation
BP SPE 90062 Well Deliverability Stimulation
BP SPE 121483 Well Deliverability Stimulation
CHEVRON SPE 86504 Well Deliverability Stimulation

Heriot Watt University SPE 110895 Well Deliverability Stimulation
SHELL SPE 106321 Well Deliverability Stimulation
SHELL SPE 107749 Well Deliverability Stimulation
Heriot Watt University SPE 106012 Well Deliverability Stimulation

SCHLUMBERGER SPE 98055 Well Deliverability Stimulation Optimisation
CONOCO SPE 116711 Well Deliverability Water and Condensate Blocks
CHEVRON SPE 98375 Well Deliverability Water Blocking

SCHLUMBERGER SPE 105367 Well Deliverability Water Blocking
TOTAL SPE 105367 Well Deliverability Water Blocking
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 112176 Well Deliverability Water Control/Stimulation
Heriot Watt University SPE 113889 Well Deliverability Water Entry Detection
BP SPE 112143 Well Deliverability Water Injection
Heriot Watt University SPE 112143 Well Deliverability Water Injection
BP SPE 112282 Well Deliverability Water Injection
Heriot Watt University SPE 107168 Well Deliverability Well Comparison
BP SPE 120708 Well Deliverability Well Optimisation
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 101420 Well Deliverability Zonal Isolation
TOTAL SPE 101420 Well Deliverability Zonal Isolation
Subject
Case Study
ERW
Production Optimisation
ESP's
Formation Powered Jet Pump
Gas Lift
Gas Well
SAGD
SAGD ESP
Staircase Lifting
Intelligent Wells
Downhole control Valves
Big Bore Design
Big Bore Design
Gas Condensate
High Rate Gas Wells
Horizontal Wells
Manati Gas Filed
Marginal Wells
Multilayered Reservoirs
Near Wellbore Stress
Openhole
Openhole
Carbonate Reservoir
Carbonate Reservoir
Complex Reservoirs
Downhole Control Valves
Intervention
Production Performance
Removal
Reservoir Damage Prevention
West Brae Field
Appications
Appications
Gas Well
Perforation Methods
Performance Analysis
Performance Analysis
Prediction
Productivity Impairment
Acid Fracturing
Candidate selection
Candidate selection
Chalk Reservoirs
Damage prevention
Fiber Assisted
Fiber Assisted
Fiber Assisted
Fiber Assisted
Fiber Assisted
Flowback Aids
Formation Modulus Contrast
Frac Fluids
Fracture Fluid
Fracture Fluids Optimisation
Fracture Geometry
Fracture Geometry
Fracture Propagation
Height Control
Horizontal well
Horizontal Well Application
Influence ofHeterogeneity
Mature Fields
Multifrac Horizontal Wells
Multistage
Multistage Horizontal Wells
Non-Darcy/Multiphase
Optimisation
Performance Criteria
Proppant Transport
Samara Area Reservoirs
Simultaneous Fracturing
Sliding Sleeve Application
Sliding Sleeve Applocation
Soft Formations
Surfactant Fracturing
Water Control
Water-Fracs
Waxy-Oil Reservoir
Clean-up Gas Condensate

Acid Fracturing
Clean-up
Clean-up
Clean-up Gas Condensate
Clean-up/Damage Mitigation
Completion Optimisation
Damage Analysis
Deviation Surveys
Diagnostics
Fiber Assisted
Fracture Conductivity
Fracture Conductivity
Fracture Geometry
Fracture Geometry
Fracture Geometry
Gas Condensate
Gas Condensate
High Permeability Formations
Long-Term Rate Effects
Low-Conductivity
Microseismic Monitoring
Microseismic Monitoring
Non-Darcy Effects
Proppant Flowback
Refracture
Reseridual Saturation
Skin Factor
Sonic Anisotropy
State of the Nation
State of the Nation
Water Injector Fracturing

Water Injector Fracturing
Fracture Geometry
Chalk reservoirs
Gas-Condensate Mobility
Acid - Challenging Conditions
Massive Annular Fracturing
Distinguished Lecture
Modelling
Theory
High rate wells
Gas shut-off
Two Phase Flow

Clean-up
Impact of Trajectory
Injectivity
Novel Open hole
Novel Open hole
OBM Effect
OBM Effect
Openhole
Under Performance
GOM
Gas Condensate
Horizontal wells
Profiling
Temperature Data
Statoil Veslefrikk
Complex Wells
Development Optimisation
Downhole Control Valves - Placement
ESP's
Proactive and Reactive Control
Uncertainty Management
Heterogeneity
Heterogeneity
Behaviour of CO2 and N2 Foams
Modelling
Modelling
Critical Velocity Calculations
Dual Lateral
Mitigation
Mitigation
North Sea Experience
Prediction
Horizontal Well
Cavity Completion
Productivity Improvement
Heterogeneity
Carboate Reservoir
Case study
Coiled Tubing
Dynamic UB
Limited Entry
Negative Skin Factors
Optimisation
Orientation
Orientation
Productivity Improvement
Propellant assisted
Propellant assisted
Propellant assisted
Skin Variation Quantified
UnderBalanced
Scale Formation
Scale Formation
Fracture Propagation
UBD - Vietnam
SMART Completions
Albacora Field
Associated with Hydraulic fracturing
Challenging Conditions
Complex Wells
Deepwater
Deepwater
Deepwater
Expandable Screen
Failure
Failure
Failure Mitigation
Failures
Gravel Pack
Gravel Pack
Gravel Pack
Gravel Pack
Gravel Pack
Gravel Pack
Gravel Pack
Gravel Pack
Gravel Pack
Gravel Pack
Gravel Pack
Gravel Pack
Gravel Pack Modelling
Gravel Packing
Horizontal Wells
Microemulsion Technology
Optimisation
Perforate/Gravel Pack
Perforating Policy
Perforation Method
Screen Failure
Screen Technology
Screenless Completions
Screenless Completions
Screens
Steamflood
Tapti Field
Prediction
Clean-out
Observations Post-Failure
Risk Assessment
Sarir Field
Accurate Pediction
Accurate Pediction
Case Study
Case Study
Effect of water-Cut
Effect of water-Cut
Flowing conditions
Flowing conditions
Flowing conditions
Horizontal wells
Horizontal wells
Mature Fields
Mitigation
Prediction
Prediction
Prediction
Wellbore Stability
Wellbore Stability
Elgin/Franklin Fields
Assessment
Horizontal wells
Acid treatment
Acid Fracturing
Acid Fracturing
Acid Fracturing
Acid Fracturing
Acid Fracturing
Acid Treatment
Acid Treatment
Acid treatment
Acid treatment
Acid treatment
Acid Treatment
Acid treatment
Acid Treatment
Acid Treatment
Acid Treatment
Acid Treatment
Acid Treatment
Acid Treatment
Acid Treatment
Acid Treatment
Chelating Agent Application
Combined Treatments
Diversion Techniques
Foam Fracturing
Gas Condensate
Heterogeneity
Horizontal wells
Relative Permeability Modifier
Restimulation
Mature Fields
Chemical Treatment
Gas Condensate
Gas Reservoirs
Gas Reservoirs
Sufactant Treatment
Intelligent Wells
Flow Control
Flow Control
Hammer effects
Gas Condensate - Layered
LWD
CBL Interpretation
CBL Interpretation
Title
A High-Success-Rate Acid Stimulation Campaignâ€”A Case History
Acid Stimulation of Extended Reach Wells: Lessons Learnt From N'Kossa Field
Optimizing Well Productivity by Controlling Acid Dissolution Pattern During Matrix Acidizing of Carbo
Case Study: First Successful Offshore ESP Project in Saudi Arabia
Formation Powered Jet Pump Use at Kuparuk Field in Alaska
A Simple Operational Approach To Ascertain the Viability of Your Offshore Gas Lift Project Before
Fully Committing: The Meji Jacket X and Y Pilot Case
Artificial Lift Selection Strategy for the Life of a Gas Well with some Liquid Production
SAGD Gas Lift Completions and Optimization: A Field Case Study at Surmont
Pushing the Boundaries of Artificial Lift Applications: SAGD ESP Installations at Suncor Energy, Ca
Staircase Lifting of Oil Using Venturi Principle: A New Artificial-Lift Technique
Efficient Intelligent Well Cleanup using Downhole Monitoring
Advanced Wells: A Comprehensive Approach to the Selection Between Passive and Active Inflow Co
Revised Big Bore Well Design Recovers Original Bayu-Undan Production Targets
Big Bore Completion and Sand Control for High Rate Gas Wells
Exploring Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Completion in Gas/Condensate Reservoirs: West

African Examples
A Critical Review of Completion Techniques for High-Rate Gas Wells Offshore Trinidad
Selection of an Adequate Completion Type is the Key to Successful Reserves Recovery. Case History o
The Challenges and Advantages of Openhole Completions in the Manati Gas Field
Multiple-Zone Completion in Marginal Production Wells
Multiple-Layer Completions for Efficient Treatment of Multilayer Reservoirs
Dipole Radial Profiling and Geomechanics for Near Wellbore Alteration Detection to Improve Producti
Openhole Completion Options: The Niger Delta Experience
Mechanistic Understanding of Rock/Phosphonate Interactions and the Effect of Metal Ions on Inhibito
Production Tubing String Design for Optimum Gas Recovery
Optimized Tubing-String Design Modeling for Improved Recovery
Application of a Maximum Reservoir Contact (MRC) Well in a Thin, Carbonate Reservoir in Kuwait
Application of a Maximum Reservoir Contact (MRC) Well in a Thin, Carbonate Reservoir in Kuwait
Succeeding With Multilateral Wells in Complex Channel Sands
A Generalized Predictive Control for Management of an Intelligent Wellâ€™s Downhole, Interval Con
Using Down-Hole Control Valves to Sustain Oil Production From the First Maximum Reservoir Contact
On Reservoir Fluid-Flow Control With Smart Completions
Case Study: The Use of Downhole Control Valves to Sustain Oil Production from the First Maximum R
Optimization of Commingled Production Using Infinitely Variable Inflow Control Valves
Horizontal Open Hole, Dual-Lateral Stimulation, Using a Multilateral Entry with High Jetting Tool
Experimental and Numerical Study on Production Performance: Case of Horizontal and Dual-Lateral
Evaluation of Alcohol-Based Treatments for Condensate Banking Removal
Online Water-Injection Optimization and Prevention of Reservoir Damage
Increasing Oil Recovery by Preventing Early Water and Gas Breakthrough in a West Brae Horizonta
Analysis of Possible Applications of Dual ESPsâ€”A Reservoir-Engineering Perspective
Analysis of Possible Applications of Dual ESPsâ€”A Reservoir-Engineering Perspective
Erosion Study for a 400 MMcf/D Completion: Cannonball Field, Offshore Trinidad
Development of an Integrated Solution for Perforation, Production and Reservoir Evaluation
Survival Analysis: The Statistically Rigorous Method for Analyzing Electrical Submersible Pump
System Performance
Survival Analysis: The Statistically Rigorous Method for Analyzing Electrical Submersible Pump Sy
Hydraulic Predictions for Polymer-Thickened Foam Flow in Horizontal and Directional Wells
Effects of Formation Damage and High-Velocity Flow on the Productivity of Slotted-Liner Completed
Horizontal Wells
Long Term Evaluation of an Innovative Acid System for Fracture Stimulation of Carbonate Reservoirs
Horizontal Fracture Stimulation Success in the Alpine Formation, North Slope, Alaska
Horizontal Fracture Stimulation Success in the Alpine Formation, North Slope, Alaska
Fracture Treatment Design and Execution in Low-Porosity Chalk Reservoirs
Field Case Studies: Damage Preventions Through Leakoff Control of Fracturing Fluids in Marginal/
Fiber-Laden Fracturing Fluid Improves Production in the Bakken Shale Multi-Lateral Play
Fiber-Based Fracture Fluid Technology a First for Oil Reservoirs in Western Siberia
Field Trials of Fiber Assisted Stimulation in Saudi Arabia: An Innovative Non-Damaging Technique fo
Fiber-Laden Fluid: Applied Solution for Addressing Multiple Challenges of Hydraulic Fracturing in We
An Engineered Fiber for the Fracturing of Unconsolidated Sand in Highly Deviated Wells in the Tali Fi
Comparison of Flowback Aids: Understanding Their Capillary Pressure and Wetting Properties
Effect of Formation Modulus Contrast on Hydraulic Fracture Height Containment
Weighted Frac Fluids for Lower-Surface Treating Pressures

A Faster Cleanup, Produced Water-Compatible Fracturing Fluid: Fluid Designs and Field Case Studi
Optimizing Fracturing Fluids From Flowback Water
Optimization of Hydraulic Fracture Geometry
Maximizing Effective Fracture Half-Length to Influence Well Spacing
Novel Frac-and-Pack Technique for Selective Fracture Propagation
A Novel Approach to Fracturing Height Control Enlarges the Candidate Pool in the Ryabchyk Format
Fracture Treatment Optimization for Horizontal Well Completion
Application of a Highly Efficient Multistage Stimulation Technique for Horizontal Wells
New Methodology of Effective Hydraulic Fracturing in High-Thickness Formation
Stimulating High-Water-Cut Wells: Results From Field Applications
Efficient Multifractured Horizontal Completions Change the Economic Equation in Latin America Thr
Continuous Pumping, Multistage, Hydraulic Fracturing in Kitina Field, Offshore Congo, West Africa
Successful Multistage Horizontal Well Fracturing in the Deep Gas Reservoirs of Saudi Arabia: Field
Successful Multistage Hydraulic Fracturing Treatments Using a Seawater-Based Polymer-Free Flui
Successful Continuous, Multi-Stage, Hydraulic Fracturing Using a Seawater-Based Polymer-Free Flu
Designing Hydraulic Fractures in Russian Oil and Gas Fields to Accommodate Non-Darcy and Multi
Designing Hydraulic Fractures in Russian Oil and Gas Fields to Accommodate Non-Darcy and
Multiphase Flow
Designing Hydraulic Fractures in Russian Oil and Gas Fields to Accommodate Non-Darcy and Multi
Optimized Hydrualic Fracturing for the Gandhar Field
Production Performance Design Criteria for Hydraulic Fractures
Quantifying Proppant Transport for Complex Fractures in Unconventional Formations
Particularities of Hydraulic Fracturing in Dome-Type Reservoirs of Samara Area in the Volga-Urals B
Simultaneous Hydraulic Fracturing of Adjacent Horizontal Wells in the Woodford Shale
Novel Technology Replaces Perforating and Improves Efficiency During Multiple Layer Fracturing Op
A Study of Fracture Initiation Pressures in Cemented Cased-Hole Wells Without Perforations
Semiphenomenological Model of Hydraulic Fracturing in Granular Media
Optimization of a Visco-Elastic Surfactant (VES) Fracturing Fluid for Application in High-Permeabilit
Novel CO2-Emulsified Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluid System Enables Commercial Produc
Fracture Stimulation Utilizing a Viscoelastic-Surfactant-Based System in the Morrow Sands in Sout
Overcoming Excessive Fluid Loss in Tip-Screen-Out Stimulations of Depleted, High-Permeability Res
Water Control and Fracturing: A Reality

Water-Fracs: We Do Need Proppant After All
Hydraulic Fracturing With Heated Fluids Brings Success in High-Pour-Point Waxy-Oil Reservoir in In
Fracturing Technology for 4% Porosity Libyaâ€™s Reservoir: Application of Correct Diagnostic and
The Effects of Fracture Cleanup on the Productivity of Gas Condensate Systems
An Integrated Evaluation of Successful Acid Fracturing Treatment in a Deep Carbonate Reservoir Ha
New Results Improve Fracture Cleanup Characterization and Damage Mitigation
Investigation of Cleanup Efficiency of Hydraulically Fractured Wells in Gas Condensate Reservoirs

Optimizing the Completion of a Multilayer Cotton Valley Sand Using Hydraulic-Fracture Monitoring a
Comparative Analysis of Damage Mechanisms in Fractured Gas Wells
Borehole Deviation Surveys are Necessary for Hydraulic Fracture Monitoring
Hydraulic Fracture Diagnostics Used To Optimize Development in the Jonah Field
Evaluation of the Proppant-Pack Permeability in Fiber-Assisted Hydraulic Fracturing Treatments for
Determining Realistic Fracture Conductivity and Understanding Its Impact on Well Performanceâ€”T
The Texture of Acidized Fracture Surfaces: Implications for Acid Fracture Conductivity
Complex Fracture Geometry Investigations Conducted on Western-Siberian Oilfields at Rosneft Co
A New Environmentally Acceptable Technique for Determination of Fracture Height and Width
Hydraulic Fracture Geometry Investigation for Successful Optimization of Fracture Modeling and Ove
Production Forecasting in a Limited-Data Environment: Evolving the Methodology in the Yamburgsk
Correcting Underestimation of Optimal Fracture Length by Modeling Proppant Conductivity Variatio
Fracture Propagation in High-Permeability Rocks: The Key Influence of Fracture Tip Behavior
Acid Fracturing of Deep Gas Wells Using a Surfactant-Based Acid: Long-Term Effects on Gas Produ
Evaluation and Optimization of Low-Conductivity Fractures
Hydraulic Fracture Diagnostics In The Williams Fork Formation, Piceance Basin, Colorado Using
Surface Microseismic Monitoring Technology
Evidence of a Horizontal Hydraulic Fracture From Stress Rotations Across a Thrust Fault
Quantifying Non-Darcy Effects on the Productivity of a Cased-Hole Frac Pack (CHFP) Well
Prediction of Long-Term Proppant Flowback in Weak Rocks
Effect of Production Induced Stress Field on Refracture Propagation and Pressure Response
Hydraulic Fracturing and Filtration in Porous Medium
New Mechanical and Damage Skin Factor Correlations for Hydraulically Fractured Wells
Differential Cased Hole Sonic Anisotropy for Evaluation of Propped Fracture Geometry in Western Si
New Findings in Fracture Cleanup Change Common Industry Perceptions
New Findings in Fracture Cleanup Change Common Industry Perceptions
The Resiliency ofï¿½Frac-Packed Subsea Injection Wells

Eliminating the Poroelastic Problems Associated with Water Injection in the Kikeh Deep Water Deve
Using Open and Cased Hole Sonic Anisotropy and Geomechanics Modeling for Hydraulic Fracturing E
Hydraulic Fracture Offsetting in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs: Quantifying a Long-Recognized Pro
Well Productivity In North Sea Chalks Related To Completion And Hydraulic Fracture Stimulation Pra
Gas Condensate Relative Permeabilities in Propped Fracture Porous Media: Coupling Versus Inertia
Successful Acid-Fracturing in Adverse Conditions: Lessons Learnt and Integrated Evaluation in the
Massive Annular Fracturing Practices in BJC Gas Field, Sichuan, China
Deliverability of Gas-Condensate Reservoirsâ€”Field Experiences and Prediction Techniques
Gas Coning Control for Smart Wells Using a Dynamic Coupled Well-Reservoir Simulator
Auto, Natural, or In-Situ Gas-Lift Systems Explained
A Critical Review of Completion Techniques for High-Rate Gas Wells Offshore Trinidad
Innovative Gas Shutoff Method Using Heavy Oil-in-Water Emulsion
Effect of Wettability on High-Velocity Coefficient in Two-Phase Gas/Liquid Flow

Delayed-Release Acid System for Cleanup of Al Khalij Horizontal Openhole Drains
The Effect of Well Trajectory on Horizontal Well Performance
Prudhoe Bay Study Of Horizontal Well Injectivity And Recommended Approach To Achieving Long Te
Application of a Novel Open-Hole Horizontal Well Completion in Saudi Arabia
Successful Case History of a Novel Open-Hole Horizontal Well Completion in Saudi Arabia
A Case Study of Oil-Based Mud Effect on Horizontal-Well Productivity
A Case Study of Oil-Based Mud Effect on Horizontal-Well Productivity
Predicting Horizontal-Openhole-Completion Success on the North Slope of Alaska
Analyzing Underperformance of Tortuous Horizontal Wells: Validation With Field Data
Experience in AA-LDHI Usage for a Deepwater Gulf of Mexico Dry-Tree Oil Well: Pushing the Techno
The Effect of Positive Coupling and Negative Inertia on Deliverability of Gas Condensate Wells
Cost-Effective Life-Cycle Profile Control Completion System for Horizontal and Multilateral Wells
Production and Injection Profiling Through Permanent-Downhole-Pressure-Gauge Recording
During a Coiled-Tubing-Conveyed Workover Operation
Flow Profiling by Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS) Systemâ€”Expectation and Reality
Improved Reservoir Management With Intelligent Multizone Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) Injectors
and Downhole Optical Flow Monitoring
Slim Intelligent Completions Technology Optimize Production in Maximum Contact, Expandable Line
Na Kika Field Experiences in the Use of Intelligent Well Technology to Improve Reservoir Manageme
Inflow Control Devices: Application and Value Quantification of a Developing Technology
First Applications of Inflow Control Devices (ICD) in Open Hole Horizontal Wells in Block 15, Ecuador
Techniques for Optimum Placement of Interval Control Valve(s) in an Intelligent Well
Integrating ESPs with Intelligent Completions: Options, Benefits and Risks
Should â€œProactive or â€œReactive Control Be Chosen for Intelligent Well Management?
Maximizing Production Capacity Using Intelligent-Well Systems in a Deepwater, West-Africa Field

Intelligent Completions Technology Offers Solutions to Optimize Production and Improve Recovery in
Insurance Value of Intelligent Well Technology Against Reservoir Uncertainty
Laboratory Hydraulic Fracturing Test on a Rock With Artificial Discontinuities
Laboratory Hydraulic Fracturing Test on a Rock With Artificial Discontinuities
New Insights into Application of Foam for Acid Diversion
Modeling and CT-Scan Study of the Effect of Core Heterogeneity on Foam Flow for Acid Diversion
Modeling and CT-Scan Study of Foams for Acid Diversion
Guidelines for the Proper Application of Critical Velocity Calculations
A Combined Well Completion and Flow Dynamic Modeling for a Dual-Lateral Well Load-up
Investigation
On the Flow Performance of Velocity Strings To Unload Wet Gas Wells
A Novel Foamer for Deliquification of Condensate-Loaded Wells
Securing The Future In Mature Gas Fields
Prediction Onset and Dynamic Behaviour of Liquid Loading Gas Wells
Getting the Last Gasp: Deliquification of Challenging Gas Wells
Highly Successful Batch Application of Surfactant in North Sea Gas Wells
Gas-Well Liquid Loading From the Power Perspective
Automatic Concurrent Water Collection (CWC) System for Unloading Gas Wells
A New Method of Plunger Lift Dynamic Analysis and Optimal Design for Gas Well Deliquification
Investigation of Gas Carryover With a Downward Liquid Flow
An Acid-Placement Model for Long Horizontal Wells in Carbonate Reservoirs
The Use of a Fully Coupled Geomechanics-Reservoir Simulator To Evaluate the Feasibility of a
Cavity Completion
Managing Production in Maturing Assets: Increasing Intervention Success by Combining Production
Forecasting the Productivity of Thinly Laminated Sands with a Single Well Predictive Model
Geomechanical Characterization of a Sandstone Reservoir in Middle Eastâ€”Analysis of Sanding Pre
Effective Matrix Acidizing in Carbonate Reservoirâ€”Does Perforating Matter?
Productivity Increase Using the Combination of Formation Isolation Valve and Dynamic Underbalanc
Coiled-Tubing Perforation and Zonal Isolation in Harsh Wellbore Conditions
Dynamic Underbalanced Perforating Application Increases Productivity in the Mature High-Permeabil
Limited Entry Perforations in HVO Recovery: Injection and Production in Horizontal Wells
Overbalanced Perforating Yields Negative Skins in Layered Reservoir
Optimized Perforationâ€”From Black Art to Engineering Software Tool
Oriented Perforation in Dual Completion Wells: A Real Case in East Texas
Oriented Perforation in Dual Completion Wells: A Real Case in East Texas
New Perforating Technique Improves Well Productivity and Operational Efficiency
New Solution To Improve Perforation Penetration and Breakdown: San Jorge Field, Argentina Case
Histories
Propellant-Assisted Perforatingâ€”An Alternative Stimulation Solution in Heavily Karstified Carbonat
Propellant-Assisted Perforatingâ€”An Alternative Stimulation Solution in Heavily Karstified Carbonat
Quantifying Skin Variation for Underbalanced Perforating
Improved Method for Underbalanced Perforating With Coiled Tubing in the South China Sea
A Novel Technology for Through Tubing Perforation in Highly Deviated Wells Where Electric Line Is
Limited
Modeling Air and Water Perforator Swell for Better Risk Management
Novel Perforating Job Design Triples Well Productivity
Flow Performance of Perforation Tunnels Created With Shaped Charges Using Reactive Liner Techn
Overcoming Near Wellbore Damage Induced Flow Impairment with Improved Perforation Job Design
Field-Data-Based Prediction of Well Productivity Decline Due to Sulphate Scaling
Injectivity Impairment Due to Sulfate Scaling During PWRI: Analytical Model
Fracture Propagation, Filter-Cake Buildup and Formation Plugging During PWRI
Predicting the Production Capacity During Underbalanced-Drilling Operations in Vietnam
Reduced Water Production and Increased Oil Production Using Smart Completions and MPFM Case
Sand Control Completions for the Development of Albacora Leste Field
Innovative Use of Expandable Sand Screens Combined With Propped Hydraulic Fracturing Technology
Design and Implementation of a Sand-Control Completion for a Troublesome Shallow Laminated G
Magnolia Deepwater Experienceâ€”Frac-Packing Long Perforated Intervals in Unconsolidated Silt Re
Magnolia Deepwater Experience--Frac Packing Long, Perforated Intervals in Unconsolidated Silt Res
TAML Level 3 tri-lateral with Sand Control application for Saudi Aramco
Deepwater Extended-Reach Sand-Control Completions and Interventions
Sanding Study for Deepwater Indonesia Development Wells: A Case History of Prediction and
Production
Screen Development to Withstand 4,000-psi Overbalance, Subhydrostatic Completion in Deepwater
Sandface Completion for a Shallow Laminated Gas Pay With High Fines Content
Lessons Learned on Sand-Control Failure and Subsequent Workover at Magnolia Deepwater Devel
Lessons Learned on Sand-Control Failure and Subsequent Workover at Magnolia Deepwater Devel
Novel Through Tubing Sand Control Solution for Failed Gravel Pack - Alpha Well - 4L Case Study
Sand Control Completion Failures: Can We Talk the Same Language?
Development Strategies of Soft-Friable Carbonate Gas Reservoirs Through Horizontal Open Hole Gr
Greater Plutonio Openhole Gravel-Pack Completions: Fluid Design and Field Applications
High-Angle Well Deliverability Modeling for Openhole Gravel-Pack Completion Under Ultrahigh Gas
Rate
Horizontal Open Hole Gravel Pack Placement Requirements in Selective Completion Projects
A Comparison of Design Placement Methodologies for Horizontal Open Hole Gravel Pack in Multizon
A Step Change in Openhole Gravelpacking Methodology: Drilling-Fluid Design and Filter-Cake Rem
Greater Plutonio Openhole Gravel-Pack Completions: Fluid Design and Field Applications
Complex Through-Tubing Gravel-Pack Operation Increases Production on a Well in the Heidrun Fiel
Openhole Gravel Packing With Exposed Shales: Waterpack Case Histories From Underground Gas St
Gravel Packing Long Openhole Intervals With Viscous Fluids Utilizing High Gravel Concentrations: T
Single Trip Multi-Zone Gravel Packingâ€”Case Study at Handil, Bekapai & Sisi-Nubi Fields
Openhole Gravel Pack in the Roaring Forties for TOTAL AUSTRAL
Integrated Approach to Modeling Gravel Packs in Horizontal Wells
Openhole Gravel Packing With Oil-Based Fluids: Implementation of the Lessons Learned From Past
Critical Conditions for Effective Sand-Sized Solids Transport in Horizontal and High-Angle Wells
First Application of Novel Microemulsion Technology for Sand Control Remediation Operations-A Su
Effective Perforating and Gravel Placement: Key to Low Skin, Sand Free Production in Gravel Packs
Effective Perforating and Gravel Placement: Key to Low Skin, Sand-Free Production in Gravel Packs
Prediction of Sanding Using Oriented Perforations in a Deviated Well, and Validation in the Field
Determination of Optimum Perforation Design and Sanding Propensity in Long Horizontal Wells Bas
A Novel Technique for Determining Screen Failure in Offshore Wells: A GOM Case History
ICD Screen Technology in Stag Field to Control Sand and Increase Recovery by Avoiding Wormhole
Screenless Completions as a Viable Through-Tubing Sand Control Completion

Screenless Completions as a Viable Through-Tubing Sand Control Completion
The Search for Alternative to Screen: Is Permeable Cement a Viable Option?
Evaluation of Sand-Control Completions in the Duri Steamflood, Sumatra, Indonesia

Evolution of Sand Control Completion Techniques in the South Tapti Field
Sand Quantification: The Impact on Sandface Completion Selection and Design, Facilities Design an
Sand Control Robustness in a Deepwater Development: Case Histories From Girassol Field (Angola)
Sand Erosion in Weakly Consolidated Reservoirs: Experiments and Numerical Modeling
Cleaning Large-Diameter Proppant in Low-Bottomhole Pressure, Extended-Reach Wells With Conce
Field and Laboratory Observations of Post-Failure Stabilizations During Sand Production
Applying Sand Management Process on the Lunskoye High Gas-Rate Platform Using Quantitative R
Case Study: The Application of a Sand Management Solution for the Sarir Field in Libya
Use of Reservoir Formation Failure and Sanding Prediction Analysis for Viable Well-Construction a
Practical Approach to Achieve Accuracy in Sanding Prediction
Practical Approach to Achieve Accuracy in Sanding Prediction
Sandingâ€”Not As It First Appeared
Sandingâ€”Not As It First Appeared
Effect of Water Cut on Sand Productionâ€”An Experimental Study
Effect of Water Cut on Sand Productionâ€”An Experimental Study
Sanding: A Rigorous Examination of the Interplay Between Drawdown, Depletion, Startup Frequency
Sanding: A Rigorous Examination of the Interplay Between Drawdown, Depletion, Startup Frequency
Controls of Coal Fabric on Coalbed Gas Production and Compositional Shift in Both Field
Production and Canister Desorption Tests
Comprehensive Transient Modeling of Sand Production in Horizontal Wellbores
Comprehensive Transient Modeling of Sand Production in Horizontal Wellbores
Bokor--A New Look at Sand Production in a Mature Field
Case Study: Restoring Sand-Prone Subsea Wells to Production
Sand-Production Prediction: A New Set of Criteria for Modeling Based on Large-Scale Transient Exp
Sand-Production Prediction: A New Set of Criteria for Modeling Based on Large-Scale Transient
Experiments and Numerical Investigation
Prediction of Sand Production Rate in Oil and Gas Reservoirs: Importance of Bean-Up Guidelines
Influence of Rock Failure Characteristics on Sanding Behavior: Analysis of Reservoir Sandstones
An Integrated Wellbore Stability and Sand-Production Prediction Study for a Multifield Gas Developm
Development of Appropriate Test Methodologies for the Selection and Application of Lead and Zinc Sul
Development and Implementation of a Scale-Management Strategy for Oseberg Sï¿½r
Assessment of Total Skin Factor in Perforated Wells
A New Skin-Factor Model for Perforated Horizontal Wells
Lessons Learned From Using Viscoelastic Surfactants in Well Stimulation
Recent Acid-Fracturing Practices on Strawn Formation in Terrell County, Texas
Small-Scale Fracture Conductivity Created by Modern Acid-Fracture Fluids
Recent Acid-Fracturing Practices on Strawn Formation in Terrell County, Texas
Field Trial of a New Non-Damaging Degradable Fiber-Diverting Agent Achieved Full Zonal Coverage
Successful Application of Innovative Fiber-Diverting Technology Achieved Effective Diversion in Ac
Use of Viscoelastic-Surfactant-Based Diverting Agents for Acid Stimulation: Case Histories in GOM
First North Sea Application of Pinpoint-Stimulation Technology to Perform a Rig-Based Acid Fractu
Diversion and Cleanup Studies of Viscoelastic Surfactant-Based Self-Diverting Acid
Use of Novel Acid System Improves Zonal Coverage of Stimulation Treatments in Tengiz Field
A New Efficiency Criterion for Acid Fracturing in Carbonate Reservoirs

Acid Fracturing of Gas Wells by Use of an Acid Precursor in the Form of Solid Beads: Lessons Learne
Use of Novel Acid System Improves Zonal Coverage of Stimulation Treatments in Tengiz Field
Optimization of Acid Stimulation for a Loosely Consolidated Brazilian Carbonate Formation--Multidi
A Novel Stimulation Technique for Horizontal Openhole Wells in Carbonate Reservoirs--A Case Stud
Sandstone Matrix Stimulation Can Improve Brownfield Oil Production When the Chemistry and Proce
Development and Field Application of a New Hydrogen Sulfide Scavenger for Acidizing Sour-Water In
Successful Stimulation of Thick, Naturally-Fractured Carbonates Pay Zones in Kazakhstan
Matrix Acidizing of Carbonate Reservoirs Using Organic Acids and Mixture of HCl and Organic Acids
An Innovative Acid Stimulation Technique for Reviving Dead Wells in the Ghawar Field of Saudi Arab
A New Technical Standard Procedure To Measure Stimulation and Gravel-Pack Fluid Leakoff Under S
An Alternative Solution to Sandstone Acidizing Using a Nonacid Based Fluid System With Fines-Migr
Combining Acid- and Hydraulic-Fracturing Technologies Is the Key to Successfully Stimulating the Or
Chemical Diversion Techniques Used for Carbonate Matrix Acidizing: An Overview and Case Histori
Foam Fracturing: New Stimulation Edge in Western Siberia
Chemical Stimulation of Gas/Condensate Reservoirs
The Effect of Pore-Scale Heterogeneities on Carbonate Stimulation Treatments
Optimizing Diversion and Pumping Rate to Effectively Stimulate Long Horizontal Carbonate Gas Wel
Sensitivity Study on the Main Factors Affecting a Polymeric RPM Treatment in the Near-Wellbore Re
Restimulation: Candidate Selection Methodologies and Treatment Optimization
New Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluids Now Compatible With CO2 Drastically Improve Gas
Production in Rockies
Case Study: Application of a Viscoelastic Surfactant-Based CO2 Compatible Fracturing Fluid in the
New Viscoelastic Surfactant Fracturing Fluids Now Compatible With CO2 Drastically Improve Gas Pr
Optimized Stimulation Solutions for a Mature Field in Kazakhstan
A New Solution to Restore Productivity of Gas Wells With Condensate and Water Blocks
Wettability Alteration in Gas-Condensate Reservoirs to Mitigate Well Deliverability Loss by Water
Blocking
Preventive Treatment for Enhancing Water Removal from Gas Reservoirs by Wettability Alteration
Preventive Treatment for Enhancing Water Removal from Gas Reservoirs by Wettability Alteration
High-Water-Cut Wells Stimulation Combined Viscoelastic Surfactant
Real-Time Water Detection and Flow Rate Tracking in Vertical and Deviated Intelligent Wells with P
Downhole Flow Control For High Rate Water Injection Applications
Downhole Flow Control For High Rate Water Injection Applications
Water Hammer Effects on Water Injection Well Performance and Longevity
Comparison of Vertical, Slanted, and Horizontal Wells Productivity in Layered Gas-Condensate Rese
Improved Wellbore Delivery in a Deepwater Reservoir via the aid of Logging-While-Drilling Imaging
Reliability of Cement Bond Log Interpretations Compared to Physical Communication Tests Between
Reliability of Cement Bond Log Interpretations Compared to Physical Communication Tests Between
Author Abstract
N. Al-Araimi, SPE, Brunei Shell Petroleum Co. Sdn. Bhd. and L. Jin, SPE, ShAbstract A successful acid stimulation campaign
J.M. Mazel and H. Poitrenaud, Total E&P, and P. Mâ€™Bouyou, Total E& Abstract Nâ€™Kossa is an offshore field located 6
F.F. Chang, SPE, and M. Abbad, Schlumberger Abstract The chemical nature of carbonate rocks
Ahmed R. Al Zahrani, SPE, Redha H. Al-Nasser, SPE, and Timothy W. Col Abstract The Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP)
J.W. Peirce, SPE, J.A. Burd, G.L. Schwartz, ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc., a Abstract Formation powered jet pumps (FPJP) we
Francis Nwaochei, SPE; Adebayo Olufemi, SPE; Vincent Eme, SPE; and
John Ibrahim, SPE, Chevron Nigeria Limited; Eseoghene Nakpodia, SPE,
and Wole Areo, SPE, Flostar Oil & Gas Nigeria Limited Abstract Application of improved Oil Recovery in
Peter O. Oyewole, SPE, BP, and James F. Lea, SPE, PL Tech LLC Abstract The Natural Gas industry is often faced w
T.C. Handfield, T. Nations, S.G. Noonan; ConocoPhillips Abstract Gas lift completions for SAGD1 producer
F. Gaviria, SPE, SUNCOR, and R. Santos, SPE, O. Rivas, SPE, and Y. Lu Abstract The need for high-temperature electric s
Siddhartha Gupta, Schlumberger Abstract Artificial lift systems are now being consid
D.K. Olowoleru, K.M. Muradov, F.T. Al-Khelaiwi and D.R. Davies; SPE, HerioAbstract Effective well cleanup during well start-up
F.T. Al-Khelaiwi, SPE, and V.M. Birchenko, SPE, Heriot-Watt University; M Abstract Advances (from conventional wells to ho
L. B. Ledlow, W. W. Gilbert, N. P. Omsberg, G. J. Mencer and D. P. Jamies Abstract The Bayu-Undan gas recycling project is
Alain BOURGEOIS, Sebastien BOURGOIN, and Pierre PUYO, TOTAL AU Abstract This paper outlines and discusses the is
C.S. Kabir, SPE, Chevron Energy Technology Co.; M.-M. Chang, SPE,
Chevron Intl. E&P; and O. Taghizadeh, SPE, U. of Texas at Austin Summary This paper explores multiple completio
S.D. Cooper, S. Akong, K.D. Krieger, A.J. Twynam, F. Waters, and R. Morri Abstract BP Trinidad and Tobago (bpTT) has bee
Sergey Ryzhov, SPE, Vladimir Malyshev, SPE, Shlumberger, and Tatyana KAbstract The Sporyshevskoye oil field developme
A. Calderon, SPE, A.F. Aragï¿½o, SPE, and C.M. Chagas, SPE, PETROBRAbstract The offshore northeast Brazil Manati fiel
Guillermo Pitrelli and Maximiliano Giraldo, Repsol-YPF Abstract Concepts on well multiple zone completio
Gary Rytlewski, Schlumberger Abstract A new method of completing multiple-lay
Surej Subbiah/Schlumberger; Wielemaker.E/Schlumberger; Joia P/Petrom Abstract Cartojani is a mature oil field with deplet
J. Arukhe, SPE, Petro-Canada; L. Nwoke, SPE, Shell; C. Uchendu, SPE, BJAbstract Within the Niger Delta clastic environme
Mason B. Tomson, Amy T. Kan, Gongmin Fu, and Dong Shen, Rice Universit Summary This paper discusses the effects of Ca2
B.D. Poe Jr., SPE, Schlumberger Abstract This paper presents the results of an inv
B.D. Poe Jr., SPE, Schlumberger Abstract This paper presents the results of an inv
M. Kabir, KOC; S. Ingham, Schlumberger; D. Sibley, K. Osman, A.K.
Ambastha, and M. Anderson, Chevron; and B. Rahman, KOC Abstract Mauddud reservoir in the Greater Burga
M. Kabir, KOC; S. Ingham, Schlumberger; D. Sibley, K. Osman, A.K. Amb Abstract Mauddud reservoir in the Greater Burga
Liu Song, Li Jianping, and Lv Dingyu, CNOOC, and Jeffrey Kok and Shim Abstract The lower Minghuazhen is a shallow-wa
Yang Qing and D.R. Davies, Heriot Watt University Abstract This paper presents an advanced contro
S.M. Mubarak, T.R. Pham, and S.S. Shamrani, SPE, Saudi Aramco, and M.Abstract This paper describes a case-study detai
T.S. Ramakrishnan, Schlumberger-Doll Research Summary Poor displacement efficiency in hydroc
S.M. Mubarak, T.R. Pham, and S.S. Shamrani, SPE, Saudi Aramco, and M.Summary This paper describes a case study that
M.M.J.J. Naus, SPE, Delft U. of Technology (DUT); N. Dolle, SPE, Shell In Summary We developed an operational strategy
Jose R. Amorocho, J. Ricardo Solares, Abdulmohsin Al-Mulhim, and Ali Al Abstract The number of multilateral gas producer
Mohammed M. Amro, SPE, and Mohamed S. Benzagouta, SPE, King Saud Abstract Univ Current drilling technology is moving tow
G.A. Alzate, SPE, U. Nacional de Colombia-Medellin; C.A. Franco, SPE, andAbstract The use of stimulation treatments based
B.ï¿½. Bringedal, S.A. Morud, and N.A. Hall, ABB, and G. Huseman, Shell Abstract Waterflood injection on the Shell Bonga
A. McIntyre, SPE, Marathon Oil U.K. Ltd.; R. Adam, SPE, Amerada Hess Den Abstract Inflow control devices which prevent ea
D.R. Davies, SPE, R. Narayanasamy, SPE, B. Kristensen, and J.M. SomervilSummary Relatively few field installations of a du
D.R. Davies, SPE, R. Narayanasamy, SPE, B. Kristensen, and J.M. SomervilSummary Relatively few field installations of a du
J.C. Healy, Consultant, John Martin, BP plc, Brenton McLaury, University Abstract The Cannonball Field is a one Tcf gas co
J. Jaua and O. Rivas, SPE, Schlumberger, and A. Mejï¿½as, Repsol YPF Abstract As a result of the increasing emphasis o
W.J. Bailey, SPE, Schlumberger-Doll Research; I.S. Weir, U. West of Eng Summary A rigorous statistical methodology usin
W.J. Bailey, SPE, Schlumberger-Doll Research; I.S. Weir, U. West of Eng Summary A rigorous statistical methodology usin
Z. Chen , M. Duan, S.Z. Miska, M. Yu, and R.M. Ahmed, University of Tulsa;Summary Foam has proved to be effective and e
Yula Tang, Chevron Energy Technology Co.; Turhan Yildiz and Erdal
Ozkan, Colorado School of Mines; and Mohan Kelkar, U. of Tulsa Abstract Slotted-liner is a relatively simple and cos
F.O. Garzon, H.M. Al-Marri, J.R. Solares, and C.A. Franco Giraldo, SPE, Abstract Acid Fracturing has been a successful m
Tim S. Schneider, David O. Uldrich, and Richard Hodge, ConocoPhillips C Abstract The Alpine field located on the North Slop
Tim S. Schneider, David O. Uldrich, and Richard Hodge, ConocoPhillips C Abstract The Alpine field located on the North Slop
C.L. Cipolla, Pinnacle Technologies; and K.K. Hansen and W.R. Ginty, Am Summary This paper details the results for 33 pro
J. Paktinat, J.A. Pinkhouse, and C. Williams, Universal Well Services Inc.; Summary The primary purpose of surfactants use
A. Powell, Headington Oil Co., O. Bustos, W. Kordziel, T. Olsen, D. Sober Abstract Since the horizontal lateral Bakken dolom
D. Oussoltsev, SPE, K. K. Butula, SPE, and A. Klyubin SPE, Schlumberger, Abstract Successful hydraulic fracturing in various
Maytham I. Al-Ismail, SPE, Moataz M. Al-Harbi, SPE, and Abdulaziz K. A Abstract Acid fracturing has been part of Saudi A
S. Sitdikov, SPE, A. Serdyuk, and A. Nikitin, SPE, Rosneft, and A.Yudin, Abstract This paper describes successful implem
Matthew Law, George W. Chao, Hafeez A. Alim, Ahmad F. Hashim, ElsammAbstract This paper discusses the application of fi
Paul R. Howard, Sumitra Mukhopadhyay, Nita Moniaga, Laura Schafer, S Abstract Flowback aids are usually surfactants or
Hongren Gu, SPE, and Eduard Siebrits, SPE, Schlumberger Summary Much study has been conducted on the
Lloyd Simms III and Brad Clarkson, Halliburton, and Gilbert Navaira,
Chevron Abstract With Gulf of Mexico (GOM) hydrocarbon
Daren Bulat, SPE, Talisman Energy Inc., and Yiyan Chen, Matthew K. Gr Abstract Natural gas reservoir development contin
S.M. Rimassa, SPE, P.R. Howard, SPE, and K.A. Blow, SPE, Schlumberge Abstract As mature fields produce larger quantitie
H. Mahdiyar, Shiraz University, and M. Jamiolahmady and M. Sohrabi, HerioAbstract An optimized design for hydraulic fractur
Bilu Cherian, SPE, Schlumberger; Kirk Fields, SPE, and Seth Crissman, SP Abstract The key to the success of a tight-gas fiel
O. Hidalgo, Schlumberger Well Services; O. Gonzï¿½lez and V. Gonzï¿½l Abstract Frac-pack is a pervasively used complet
A.V. Yudin and K.K. Butula, Schlumberger, and Y.V. Novikov, OAO Tomsk Abstract The productive pay of the low permeabili
M.Y. Soliman, Reinhard Pongratz, Halliburton; Martin Rylance, TNK-BP; andAbstract Fracturing has become a viable and imp
Majdi Al Mutawa, SPE, Bader Al Matar, SPE, and Yousef Abdul Rahman, S Abstract In the recent years horizontal well techno
Raul Sanchez, Regis Agut, and David Coulon, Total Australia, and Roberto S Abstract The Aguada Pichana field is located in th
R. Arangath, SPE, Schlumberger, and J.F. Obamba, SPE, P. Saldungaray, Abstract A common scenario in many mature oil
Pedro Saldungaray, Schlumberger; Efrain Huidobro Salas, Pemex; Sebast Abstract Latin America hasnâ€™t escaped the ge
Alberto Casero, SPE, and Giamberardino Pace, SPE, Eni E&P; Brad MaloneAbstract Many West Africa offshore fields are mat
J.R. Solares, SPE, C.A. Franco, SPE, H.M. Al-Marri, SPE, and H.A. Al-J Abstract One of the key strategies in Saudi Aram
Tomislav Bukovac, Rafik Belhaouas and Daniel Perez, SPE, Schlumberger Abstract Offshore operations are extremely expen
Tomislav Bukovac, Rafik Belhaouas and Daniel Perez, SPE, Schlumberger;Abstract CuFree Fluid System, Executed from a S
Andrey V. Dedurin, TNK-BP; Vadim A. Majar, Gazpromneft; Andrey A. Voro Summary Non-Darcy and multiphase flow effects
Andrey V. Dedurin, TNK-BP; Vadim A. Majar, Gazpromneft; Andrey A.
Voronkov, SPE, SIAM; Alexey G. Zagurenko, SPE, Rosneft; and
Alexander Y. Zakharov, SPE, Terry Palisch, SPE, and M.C. Vincent, SPE,
Carbo Ceramics Summary Non-Darcy and multiphase flow effects
Andrey V. Dedurin, TNK-BP; Vadim A. Majar, Gazpromneft; Andrey A. Voro Summary Non-Darcy and multiphase flow effects
Rajiv Sagar, Schlumberger; A.K. Pandey, Durga Prasad, A.K. Vinod ONGC,Abstract Gandhar is one of ONGCâ€™s major bro
B.D. Poe Jr., SPE, Schlumberger, and J.F. Marique, SPE, Consultant Abstract This paper presents the results of an inv
T.N. Olsen, T.R. Bratton, and M.J. Thiercelin, Schlumberger Abstract Since the widespread proliferation micro
A.N. Parfenov, SPE, S.S. Sitdikov, SPE, O.V. Evseev, SPE, and V.A. ShashAbstract The majority of hydraulic fracturing work
George Waters, Barry Dean, and Robert Downie, Schlumberger, and Ken KeAbstract Hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells in
G. Rytlewski and J. Lima, Schlumberger, and B. Dolan, Petrogulf Abstract A new method of completing multiple laye
G.L. Rytlewski and J.M. Cook, Schlumberger Abstract A new method of completing multiple-la
Olga Alekseenko, Schlumberger Abstract Petroleum engineers have faced the pro
P.F. Sullivan, B. Gadiyar, R.H. Morales, R. Hollicek, D. Sorrells, and J. L Abstract Visco-Elastic Surfactant (VES) fluids are
M.E. Semmelbeck, W.E. Deupree, and J.K. von Plonski, SPE, Escondido Reso Abstract A novel carbon dioxide- (CO2-) emulsif
Vibhas J. Pandey and Tarik Itibrout, SPE, Schlumberger; Larry S. Adams, Abstract This paper discusses the selection criter
P. Parra, E. Miquilena, A. Sï¿½nchez, and A. Peï¿½a, Schlumberger Well Abstract T Permeabili Generation Viscoelastic Flu
M. Mahajan, SPE, and N. Rauf, SPE, BJ Services; T. Gilmore, SPE,
Chevron; and A. Maylana, SPE, Pertamina Abstract Water production in mature fields is a co
L.K. Britt and M.B. Smith, NSI Technologies; Z. Haddad and P. Lawrence, DAbstract The key objective of hydraulic fracturing
Josef Shaoul, SPE, and Winston Spitzer, SPE, Pinnacle Technologies, and Summary Mo Oil Reservoir in India
Areiyando Makmun, Schlumberger, and Fathi Issa and Gadalla Hameed, Si Abstract Offshore A drilling program on North Rag
M. Jamiolahmady, D. Ganesh, M. Sohrabi, and A. Danesh, Petroleum Enginee Abstract The performance of fracturing treatments
Qasem Dashti, SPE, Mir Kabir, SPE, Raju Vagesna, SPE, Feras Al-RuhaimaAbstract This paper presents the process of candi
J.A. Ayoub, SPE, and R.D. Hutchins, SPE, Schlumberger; F. Van der Bas, SAbstract It is well documented in the literature tha
J.A. Ayoub, SPE, and R.D. Hutchins, SPE, Schlumberger; F. Van der Bas, SAbstract It is well documented in the literature tha
P. Ghahri, M. Jamiolahmady, and M. Sohrabi, Heriot Watt University Abstract In tight gas reservoirs gas well productio
J.A. Ayoub, SPE, and R.D. Hutchins, SPE, Schlumberger; F. Van der Bas,
SPE, Shell; S. Cobianco, SPE, and C.N. Emiliani, SPE, Eni; M. Glover,
SPE, BP America Inc.; S. Marino, SPE, Schlumberger; G. Nitters, SPE,
Shell; D. Norman, SPE, Chevron, and G. Turk, SPE, BP America Inc. Abstract It is well documented in the literature tha
Jason Baihly, Schlumberger; Andrew Coolidge and Steven Dutcher, Devon; Abstract Microseismic hydraulic fracture monitorin
Torsten Friedel, George Mtchedlishvili, Aron Behr, Hans-Dieter Voigt, and F Abstract Productivity impairment in tight-gas forma
P. Bulant, Charles U.; L. Eisner, Schlumberger Cambridge Research; I. PÅ Summary Significant errors in the calculated azim
S.L. Wolhart, SPE, Pinnacle Technologies; T.A. Harting, SPE, J.E. Dahlem Abstract This paper reports on a study conducted
M.N. Bulova, SPE, A.N. Cheremisin Jr., SPE, K.E. Nosova, SPE, J.T. LasseAbstract Permeability Formations
Terry Palisch, SPE, and Robert Duenckel, SPE, CARBO Ceramics Inc., andAbstract To hydraulically fracture a well requires l
C. Malagon, SPE, M. Pournik, SPE, and A.D. Hill, SPE, Texas A&M UniversSummary In an acid-fracturing treatment fracture
A. Nikitin and A. Shirnen, Rosneft, and J. Maniere, Schlumberger Abstract The generalization of Hydraulic fracturin
R.R. McDaniel, SPE, and J.F. Borges, SPE, Hexion Specialty Chemicals, a Abstract For years radioactive tracers have been
Alexey Nikitin, SPE, Rosneft-Yuganskneftegaz; Alexey Yudin, SPE, SchlumbAbstract The focus of our research is on a remote
Y. Shumakov, A.A. Burov, and K.K. Butula, SPE, Schlumberger, and I.A. Abstract Though there are many proven ways of
A.H. Akram, SPE, and A. Samad, SPE, Schlumberger Abstract A study was carried out to forecast the p
V.M. Entov, Inst. for Problems in Mechanics, Russian Academy of Scienc Abstract Pressure distribution at the tip of a hydra
H.A. Nasr-El-Din, SPE, S. Al-Driweesh, SPE, and K. Bartko, SPE, Saudi Abstract The deep tight carbonate formations in
J.F. Manrique, SPE, Occidental Oil and Gas Corp., and B.D. Poe Jr., SPE, Abstract This paper presents the results of an inv
David Abbott, Chris Neale, and James Lakings, Microseismic Inc., and
Lynn Wilson, Jay C. Close, and Evan Richardson, Chevron Abstract A surface microseismic array was utilize
S.C. Maxwell, U. Zimmer, R. Gusek, and D. Quirk, Pinnacle Technologies Summary Microseismic imaging of a hydraulic-fra
Liang-Biao Ouyang, SPE, Chevron Energy Technology Company Abstract Well completion plays a critical role in th
G.R. Aidagulov and M. Thiercelin, Schlumberger, and V.N. Nikolaevskiy, S.MAbstract Proppant flowback is an extremely impor
X. Weng and E. Siebrits, Schlumberger Abstract In this work the propagation of an orthog
Smirnov N.N., Kisselev A.B., Nikitin V.F., and Zvyaguin A.V., Moscow M.V Abstract The practical problem arises in enhancin
H. Mahdiyar, M. Jamiolahmady, and A. Danesh, Heriot-Watt U. Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is one of the most co
A. Nikitin and A. Pasynkov, Rosneft YNG, and G. Makarytchev, J. Maniere Abstract In a waterflooded reservoir hydrocarbon
J.A. Ayoub, SPE, and R.D. Hutchins, SPE, Schlumberger; F. van der Bas, SAbstract This paper summarizes part of the resu
J.A. Ayoub, SPE, and R.D. Hutchins, SPE, Schlumberger; F. van der Bas, SAbstract This paper summarizes part of the resu
R.A. McCarty, SPE, Chevron IE&P, and W.D. Norman, SPE, Chevron ETC Abstract This paper documents the utilization of f
Tamara Webb, Jusni Omar, Murphy Oil Corporation, Saifon Daungkaew, LeeAbstract Kikeh Field is a deepwater project locate
Almeida, C.M.C. de, Schlumberger; Melo, R.L.C., Petrobras; Holzberg, B. Abstract Hydraulic fracturing plays a very importa
R.G. Jeffrey and X. Zhang, SPE, CSIRO Petroleum, and M. Thiercelin, S Abstract Offsets along the hydraulic fracture path
Bart Vos and Hans de Pater, Pinnacle Technologies; Chris Cook, Norsk H Abstract The Joint Chalk Research (JCR) initiative
M. Jamiolahmady, M. Sohrabi, and Shaun Ireland, Heriot-Watt University Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is one of the most co
H. Poitrenaud, P. Ferrand, and P. Pouget, SPE, Total E&P, and J. Maniï¿ Abstract The Kharyaga field is located in Timan-P
Xing Zhenhui, Saint-Gobain (Guanghan) Proppant; Andrew Pfaff, Thomas Abstract Massive hydraulic fracturing has been su
Jairam Kamath, Chevron Distinguished Author Series articles are general d
A.P. Leemhuis, E.D. Nennie, and S.P.C Belfroid, SPE, and G.J.N. Alberts, Abstract A strong increase in gas inflow due to ga
Adam Vasper, SPE, Schlumberger Summary The terms auto natural and in-situ gas
S.D. Cooper, S. Akong, K.D. Krieger, A.J. Twynam, F. Waters, and R. Morri Abstract BP Trinidad and Tobago (bpTT) has bee
K. Zeidani, SPE and M. Polikar, SPE, University of Alberta Abstract Laboratory investigations were conducted
Myeong Noh* and Abbas Firoozabadi, SPE, Reservoir Engineering
Research Institute (RERI) * now with Chevron Corporation Summary Gas-well productivity is affected by two
P. Leschi, SPE, and G. Demarthon, Total E&P, and E. Davidson, SPE, and D. Abstract It is well known that the use of hydrochl
A. Bond, Pioneer Natural Resources Alaska Inc., and D. Zhu and R. Kamk Abstract Horizontal wells provide extended contac
V.U. Imeh, L. Murray, D. Lenig, and D. Robertson, BP, and M. Panda, PRA Abstract Thermal fracturing in water injectors play
K. M. Al-Naimi, SPE, B. O. Lee, SPE, K. M. Bartko, Saudi Aramco, S. K. K Abstract Horizontal completion technology has pro
K. M. Al-Naimi, B. O. Lee, S. M. Shourbagi, Saudi Aramco, S. K. Kelkar, Abstract Horizontal completion technology has pro
Hassan Chaabouni, Schlumberger, Pierre Baux, Dasa Manalu, Muhammad Abstract
So Completing horizontal wells with openhol
Hassan Chaabouni, Schlumberger, Pierre Baux, Dasa Manalu, Muhammad Abstract
So Completing horizontal wells with openhol
Michael D. Erwin, SPE, ConocoPhillips Alaska, and David O. Ogbe,SPE, UniSummary The Colville River field represents the f
M. Kerem, SPE, Shell E&P B.V.; M. Proot, Shell GSI B.V.; and P. OudemanSummary This paper presents the results of a pro
A.F. Harun, SPE, G. Fung, SPE, and M. Erdogmus, SPE, BP America Summary A dry tree well in the Gulf of Mexico (G
G.A. Carvajal, E. Arreaza, C. Gonzï¿½lez, C. Cesin, M. Fernï¿½ndez, and Abstract Most of the cases in gas condensate wel
V. Ogoke, SPE, Shell; C. Aihevba, SPE, Petroleum Development Oman; andAbstract A new cost effective life-cycle profile con
Liang-Biao Ouyang, SPE, Chevron E&P Technology Co., and Ramzy
Sawiris, SPE, Chevron Overseas Petroleum Co. Summary Production an Tubing
Liang-Biao Ouyang, SPE, and Dave Belanger, SPE, Chevron Corp. Summary Permanent downhole monitoring can p
B. Sandï¿½y, SPE, T. Tjomsland, SPE, D.T. Barton, and G.H. Daae, Statoi Summary A four-zone intelligent water-alternating
Muhammad Shafiq and Athar Ali, SPE, Schlumberger; and Haider Al-Haj, Abstract This paper describes an innovative comp
A. Chacon, SPE, J.B. McCutcheon, SPE, D.W. Schott, SPE, B. Arias, SPE Abstract The Na Kika project located in the deepw
F.T. Alkhelaiwi, Heriot-Watt University and Saudi Aramco, and D.R. Davies, Abstract Horizontal and multilateral completions a
E. Davila, R. Almeida, I. Vela, J. Pazos, and K. Coello, Petroamazonas;ï¿ Abstract Horizontal wells are superior in productio
F. Ebadi, SPE, and D.R. Davies, SPE, Heriot-Watt U. Abstract Intelligent Well (IW) Technology improv
M.A. Ali, SPE, and M. Shafiq, SPE, Schlumberger Abstract Intelligent completions have been in com
F. Ebadi, SPE, and D.R. Davies, SPE, Heriot-Watt U. Abstract Intelligent Well (IW) Technology combin
D.J. Goggin, M.A. Ovuede, N. Liu, U. Ozdogan, P.B. Coleman, and D.P.
Meinert, Chevron Intl. E&P Co.; I. Nygard, Statoil; and J. Gontijo, Petroleo
Brasileiro Nigeria Ltd. Abstract Large deepwater fields with a limited num
Mohammed A. Abduldayem, SPE, Saudi Aramco, Muhammad Shafiq, SPE, Abstract Sc This paper describes an innovative comp
E.A. Addiego-Guevara, SPE, and M.D. Jackson, SPE, Department of Earth Abstract Significant challenges remain in the deve
L. Casas and J.L. Miskimins, Colorado School of Mines, and A. Black and SAbstract The design and subsequent results of a
L. Casas and J.L. Miskimins, Colorado School of Mines, and A. Black and SAbstract The design and subsequent results of a
Rouhollah Farajzadeh, SPE, Shell International Exploration and Production, Abstract Foam is widely used to divert acid or aba
F. Farshbaf Zinati, R. Farajzadeh, and P.L.J. Zitha, Dept. of Geotechnology,Abstract We present a new 2D analysis based on
M.D. Carretero-Carralero, R. Farajzadeh, D.X. Du, and P.L.J. Zitha, Dept. o Abstract In this paper we present a 1D and 2D an
Robert P. Sutton and Stuart A. Cox, Marathon Oil Company; James F. Le Abstract Critical velocity calculations in the form o
Yula Tang and W.S. (Bill) Huang, Chevron Energy Technology Company Abstract A dual-lateral well was completed in a C
P. Oudeman, SPE, Shell Intl. E&P Abstract In depleted gas wells the produced gas
D.Orta, S. Ramanchandran, J. Yang, M. Fosdick, T. Salma, J. Long, and J. BAbstract Continuous increase in worldwide brown
Werner Schinagl and Mark Denny, BP Abstract As North Sea gas fields become mature
S.P.C. Belfroid, SPE, W. Schiferli, SPE, and G.J.N. Alberts, SPE, TNO Sc Abstract As reservoir pressures decrease in matu
A.V. Bondurant, SPE, B.D. Dotson, SPE, and P.O. Oyewole, SPE, BP AmerAbstract A common characteristic of â€œchalleng
Werner Schinagl, SPE, Steve R. Green, and Alan C. Hodds, BP, and Mark Ca Abstract Liquid loading in gas wells is a phenome
B. Dotson and E. Nuï¿½ez-Paclibon, BP America Production Company Abstract A new perspective is introduced to the p
B. Khoshnevis, R. Rastegar Moghadam, SPE, and I. Ershaghi, SPE, U. of

Southern California, and K. Larbi, SPE, and V. Villagran, SPE, Chevron Abstract Several methods for unloading water fro
Yula Tang, SPE, Chevron Energy Technology Company, Zheng Liang,
Southwest Petroleum Institute Abstract This work presents a new dynamic mode
R.P. Sutton, T.K. Skinner, Marathon Oil Company; R.L. Christiansen, Colorad Summary An investigation into gas carryover resu
Varun Mishra, D. Zhu, and A.D. Hill, Texas A&M U., and K. Furui, ConocoPhiAbstract In several places around the world notab
E. Zuluaga and J.H. Schmidt, Chevron ETC, and R.H. Dean, Simwulf
Systems Abstract Cavity completions have been widely use
R. North, SPE, C.P. Lenn, SPE, and I. Stowe, SPE, Schlumberger Abstract A new processing workflow has been en
Saifon Daungkaew, Michel Claverie, Boon Cheong, Steve Hansen, Richar Abstract As the cost of exploration wells continue
M. A. Mohiuddin, Schlumberger, M. M. Najem, Y. R. Al-Dhaferi, H. A. BajunaAbstract Sanding problems are often observed in
Kirk M. Bartko, Saudi Aramco, and Frank F. Chang, Larry A. Behrmann, an Abstract It is well known that in cased-hole compl
Achille Tiribelli, Giovanni Luca Minneci, and Ahmed Daoud, Groupement Abstract The transition from completion to produc
M.I. Omar, SPE, A. Md Ali, SPE, and Z. Ali, Petronas Carigali Sdn. Bhd., Abstract Coiled tubing has been widely used worl
M. Medina, SPE, Helix RDS; G. Morantes, SPE, and J. Morales, PDVSA; a Abstract Located in Eastern Venezuela the Santa
A. Burtsev, B. Kuvshinov, E. de Rouffignac, and A.M. Mollinger, Shell Intl. Abstract This paper presents an assessment of th
Italo Pizzolante, Steve Grinham, Tian Xiang, and Jihong Lian, CACT Ope Abstract China National Offshore Oil Corporation
M.R.G. Bell, SPE, and J.B. Davies, SPE, Shell Intl. E&P, and S. Simonian Abstract While assisting production engineers in m
Cesar Gama, David Gerez, and Paul A. Babasick, SPE, Schlumberger, and Abstract Fracturing is an important technique for s
Cesar Gama, David Gerez, and Paul A. Babasick, SPE, Schlumberger, and Abstract Fracturing is an important technique for s
Al-Marri Faisal and Hassan Ibrahim Khalil, ADMA-OPCO, and Alan Salsm Abstract A major challenge identified by ADMA OP
Ashraf Aly Abou Elnaga, Chevron San Jorge S.R.L., and Edgar Almanza,
Marcelo Batocchio, Kent Folse, and Martinï¿½Schoener-Scott, Halliburton
Energy Services Inc. Abstract Chevron San Jorge S.R.L. operates in th
Fergus Robinson, SPE, Sarawak Shell Berhad; Kent C. Folse, SPE, Hallibu Abstract Two gas fields offshore Sarawak Malay
Fergus Robinson, SPE, Sarawak Shell Berhad; Kent C. Folse, SPE, Hallibu Abstract Two gas fields offshore Sarawak Malay
Lang Zhan, SPE, Fikri Kuchuk, SPE, Jim Filas, SPE, Dhani Kannan, SPE, Abstract Reliable estimates of post perforation da
Graeme Rae, Mohd. Bakri Yusof, and Juanih Ghani, Talisman, and Shahril Abstract In Malaysia coiled tubing (CT) conveyan
Emmanuel Ifediora, Charles Ibrahim, and Davis Ekeke, SPE, Addax
Petroleum Development (Nigeria) Ltd.; Francis Nwaochei and Emeka
Ogugua, SPE, Chevron Nigeria Ltd.; Emeka C. Ene, Sylvester Orumwese,
and Kingsley Idedevbo, SPE, Oildata Wireline Services Abstract Electric line remedial work such as throu
C. Han, Michael H. Du, and Ian C. Walton, SPE, Schlumberger Abstract A detonated shaped charge fired from a p
Hanaey Ibrahim, SPE, and Sameer Balushi, Petroleum Development Oman,Abstract Well productivity is driven by establishing
D.C. Atwood, SPE, W. Yang, SPE, B.M. Grove, SPE, L.A. Behrmann, SPE; Abstract We report on a series of laboratory flow e
Hanaey Ibrahim SPE, Ali Harrasi, Petroleum Development Oman, Alan Sal Abstract Optimal well productivity is achieved by e
P.G. Bedrikovetsky and R.P.S. Monteiro, North Fluminense State U., and J Abstract The system where sulphate scaling dama
P. Bedrikovetsky, SPE, North Fluminense State U. (LENEP/UENF); E. Macka Abstract Previous work has derived an analytical
K.S. Zaki, SPE, M.D. Sarfare, SPE, and A.S. Abou-Sayed, SPE, Advantek IntAbstract Produced water reinjection (PWRI) offer
C. Nguyen, J.M. Somerville, SPE, and B.G.D. Smart, SPE, Heriot-Watt UniveAbstract During recent years interest in underbala
Mohammad S. Al-Shenqiti, Alaa A. Dashash, Ibrahim H. Al-Arnaout, Saad MAbstract Saudi Aramco's drilling strategy witnesse
C.A. Pedroso, SPE, E.M. Sanches, and N.S. Oliveira, Petrobras, and I.J. Abstract The Campos Basin in Brazil is one of the
Sakamrin Abdul-Rahman, Brunei Shell Petroleum Co. Sdn. Bhd., and DerekAbstract
L Oil and gas producers have long been lo
J.H. Terwogt, N.S. Hadfield, and A.A. Van Karanenburg, Sarawak Shell BerhAbstract The Shallow Clastics Field operated by
Luke F. Eaton and W. Randall Reinhardt, ConocoPhillips Co.; J. Scott Be Abstract ConocoPhillips is developing the Magnol
Luke F. Eaton, SPE, and W. Randall Reinhardt, SPE, ConocoPhillips; J. S Summary ConocoPhillips is developing the Magn
Ibrahim Refai, SPE Saudi Aramco, Anwar Assal, SPE Schlumberger, Jer Abstract A number of the wells reach there econo
Robert D. Pourciau, Chevron Corporation Summary Extended-reach naturally perforated w
Ian D. Palmer and Nigel G. Higgs, Higgs-Palmer Technologies; Robert M.
Mathers & Scott R. Herman, Chevron Abstract A detailed sand prediction has been mad
George Gillespie, SPE, Weatherford International; Chuck Hinnant, SPE, C Abstract This paper describes challenges test equ
Neil S. Hadfield, Jan H. Terwogt, and Aart A van Kranenburg, Sarawak ShelSummary The Shallow Clastics field operated b
George Colwart, Robert C. Burton, Luke F. Eaton, and Richard M. Hodge, Abstract ConocoPhillips is developing the Magnol
George Colwart, SPE, Robert C. Burton, SPE, Luke F. Eaton, SPE, and R Summary ConocoPhillips is developing the Magn
I.O. Yahaya, A. Opusunju, B. Ajaraogu, G. Agbogu, O. Williams, and C. U Abstract Alpha field is situated in SPDCâ€™s OM
Brian T. Wagg, SPE, and Jonathan L. Heseltine, SPE, C-FER Technologie Abstract Several operators have recently launched
0 0
Kevin Whaley, Colin Price-Smith, Allan Twynam, and David Burt, BP Explorat
Abstract Initial Open Hole Gravel Pack (OHGP) co
Yula Tang, W.S. (Bill) Huang, Chevron Energy Technology Company Abstract Open-hole Gravel packing is increasingl
B.V. Loureiro, UCL - Faculdade do Centro Leste, J.V.M. de Magalhï¿½es, Abstract Horizontal Open Hole Gravel Pack (HOH
B.V. Loureiro, UCL-Faculdade do Centro Leste, andï¿½J.V.M. de Magalhaes Abstract Horizontal Open hole gravel pack is the
Matthew Law, George W. Chao, Hafeez Ab Alim, and Elsamma Samuel, Schl Abstract The major trend of completion method in
Kevin Whaley, Colin Price-Smith, Allan Twynam, and David Burt, BP Explorat Abstract Initial Open Hole Gravel Pack (OHGP) co
Ina H. Stroemsvik, Kjell Tore Nesvik, SPE, Frode Vik, and Karin Stene, S Abstract Well Heidrun A-45 located in the Norwe
A. Zanchi, Stogit; G. Ripa, M. Colombo, and G. Ferrara, SPE, Eni E&P; and Abstract One of the major challenges in undergro
M. Tolan, BG Group, and R.J. Tibbles, J. Alexander, P. Wassouf, L. Schafe Abstract Openhole gravel packing is one of the m
Mark Banman, Eric Delattre, Muhammad Sofyan, and Siswara Suryadana, TAbstract Stacked gravel-packs involve limited tec
P. Puyo and A. Bourgeois, Total Austral, and A. Penno and A. Oliveira, Hal Abstract TOTAL AUSTRAL operates the Carina
Samyak Jain, SPE, Rajesh Chanpura, SPE, Renato Barbedo, and Marcos Abstract Gravel packing has routinely been used
E.P. Ofoh and M.E. Wariboko, Nigerian Petroleum Development Co., F.E. UAbstract A large majority of the recent deepwate
Mingqin Duan, Stefan Miska, Mengjiao Yu, Nicholas Takach, and
Ramadan Ahmed,SPE, University of Tulsa; and Claudia Zettner, SPE,
ExxonMobil Summary Effective removal of small sand-sized
F. Lavoix, P. Leschi, and E. Aubry, Total E&P, and L. Quintero, X. Le Prat, Abstract This paper documents a novel engineerin
Samyak Jain, SPE, Raymond Tibbles, and Jock Munro, SPE, Schlumberger,Abstract Cased-hole gravel packing is commonly
Shahryar Saebi, SPE, Samyak Jain, SPE, Raymond Tibbles, SPE, and Joc Abstract Cased-hole gravel packing is commonly
I. Palmer and N. Higgs, Higgs Technologies, and I. Ispas, K. Baksh, and K. Abstract The X-1 well in a gas field in Trinidad w
J. S. Andrews, SPE, H. Bjï¿½rkesett, SPE, J. Djurhuus, StatoilHydro; I. C Abstract Gjï¿½a is an oil and gas field located off
G. Navaira, SPE, Chevron; M. Hupp, T. Palisch, SPE, CARBO Ceramics
Inc; J. Renkes, SPE, PropTester, Inc Abstract Offshore completions in the Gulf of Mexic
S. Wibawa, S. Kvernstuen, Schlumberger, and A. Chechin, J. Graham, and Abstract This paper presents the first installation
M.R. Wise and R.J. Armentor, Chevron, R.A. Holicek, B.R. Gadiyar, M.D.
Bowman, R.A. Jansen, and S.N. Krenzke, Schlumberger Abstract Screenless sand control completions pro
M.R. Wise and R.J. Armentor, Chevron, R.A. Holicek, B.R. Gadiyar, M.D. Abstract Screenless sand control completions pro
B. Vidick, SPE, S. James, SPE, and B. Drochon, SPE, Schlumberger Abstract The search for a cost-effective alternativ
David Underdown, SPE, Chevron; Henky Chan, SPE, Chevron Pacific
Indonesia Summary The Duri field in Sumatra Indonesia sh
J.D. Holmes and M.P. Tolan, BGEPIL, and C. Hale, BJ Services Abstract The stacked sands of the South Tapti fie
M.A. Addis, SIEP, M.C. Gunningham, SEIC, Ph. Brassart, SEIC, J. Webers, Abstract Sand Quantification involves predicting th
G. Petit, H. Foucault, and A. Iqbal, Total E&P Abstract Wells in the Girassol field offshore Ango
G. Servant, IFP; P. Marchina, Total S.A.; and Y. Peysson, E.ï¿½Bemer, andAbstract Allowing sand to be produced is widely
J. Skufca and J. Li, BJ Services Company Abstract CReach Wells With Concentric Coiled T
N. Morita, Waseda U., and G.-F. Fuh and B. Burton, ConocoPhillips ï¿½ Abstract Sand flow models have been succe
M.C. Gunningham, SPE, Sakhalin Energy Investment Company; M.A. Addis,Abstract This paper is a case study which descri
K. Qiu, SPE, Schlumberger; Y. Gherryo and M. Shatwan, SPE, AGOCO, Liby Abstract Sand production from the Sarir field beca
G.-F. Fuh, I. Ramshaw, K. Freedman, and N. Abdelmalek, ConocoPhillips, Abstract Using two field case examples this pape
K. Qiu, J.R. Marsden, J. Alexander, and A. Retnanto, Schlumberger, and This paper was also presented as SPEï¿½100948
K. Qiu, J.R. Marsden, J. Alexander, and A. Retnanto, Schlumberger, and This paper was also presented as SPEï¿½100948
Ahmed Abulsayen and Abdulwahab Enneamy, VEBA (Libya), and Kaibin Qi Abstract This paper described a case study involv
Ahmed Abulsayen and Abdulwahab Enneamy, VEBA (Libya), and Kaibin Qi Abstract This paper described a case study involv
Bailin Wu, SPE, and Chee P. Tan (Now with Schlumberger Oilfield Support Summary It is commonly acknowledged in the pe
Bailin Wu, SPE, and Chee P. Tan (Now with Schlumberger Oilfield Support Summary It is commonly acknowledged in the pe
Hans Vaziri, BP America; Robbie Allam, Gordon Kidd, Clive Bennett, and TrSummary Factors and mechanisms leading to sa
Hans Vaziri, BP America; Robbie Allam, Gordon Kidd, Clive Bennett, and TrSummary Factors and mechanisms leading to sa
Xiaojun Cui and R. Marc Bustin, U. of British Columbia Summary The production rates of coalbed gas we
Alireza Nouri, SPE, Dalhousie University; Hans Vaziri, SPE, BP-America IncSummary Installing sand control in long horizonta
Alireza Nouri, SPE, Dalhousie University; Hans Vaziri, SPE, BP-America IncSummary Installing sand control in long horizonta
Abdullah Kasim, SPE, Petronas Carigali; and Frank Wijnands, SPE, and S Summary Although the stacked reservoirs of the
M. Vazir and L.G. Acosta, BP Abstract This paper provides a case study of an in
Alireza Nouri, Dalhousie U.; Hans Vaziri, BP plc America Inc.; and Hadi Bel Summary This paper introduces a predictive tool
Alireza Nouri, Dalhousie U.; Hans Vaziri, BP plc America Inc.; and Hadi Bel Summary This paper introduces a predictive tool
P.J. van den Hoek, SPE, and M.B. Geilikman, SPE, Shell Intl. E&P B.V. Abstract Most sand production prediction models
J. Heiland, SPE, and M.E. Flor, Schlumberger Abstract During production of hydrocarbons the
B. Wu, SPE, CSIRO Petroleum; Nulwhoffal Arselan Mohamed, SPE, Petronas Abstract This paper presents a geomechanical st
S. Dyer, Scaled Solutions; K. Orski and C. Menezes, Total E&P U.K. Ltd.; Abstract Lead zinc and iron sulphide scales are k
Niall Fleming, SPE, Kari Ramstad, SPE, Synnï¿½ve H. Eriksen, SPE, Erl Summary Oseberg Sï¿½r field operated by Hydr
Turhan Yildiz, SPE, Colorado School of Mines Summary In this study the available methods and
K. Furui* , D. Zhu**, and A.D. Hill**, University of Texas at Austin * now w Summary Using a combination of analytical calcu
Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din, SPE, Saudi Aramco, and Mathew Samuel, SPE, SchSummary Viscoelastic surfactant systems are use
G. Zaeff and C. Sievert, SPE, ConocoPhillips, and O. Bustos, SPE, A. Galt Abstract The goal of an acid fracture treatment is
M. Pournik, C. Zou, C. Malagon Nieto, M.G. Melendez, D. Zhu, and A.D. H Abstract The effects of acid solutions injected into
G. Zaeff and C. Sievert, SPE, ConocoPhillips, and O. Bustos, SPE, A. Galt Abstract The goal of an acid fracture treatment is
J. Ricardo Solares, SPE, J.J. Duenas, SPE, Moataz Al-Harbi, SPE, Abdu Abstract Acid fracturing has been an integral part
J. Ricardo Solares, SPE, Moataz Al-Harbi, SPE, Abdulaziz Al-Sagr, SPE Abstract Acid fracturing has been an integral part
Chuck Zeiler, SPE, David Alleman, and Qi Qu, SPE, BJ Services Summary Viscoelastic-surfactant (VES) -based d
David Barclay, SPE, and Iain Trodden, SPE, Halliburton, and Robbie Allam Abstract This paper presents the prejob engineer
Bernhard Lungwitz, SPE, Chris Fredd, SPE, Mark Brady, SPE, and
Matthew Miller, SPE, Schlumberger; Syed Ali, SPE and Kelly Hughes,
SPE, ChevronTexaco Summary A self-diverting-acid based on viscoela
M.A.P. Albuquerque, SPE, Schlumberger; A.G. Ledergerber, SPE,
Chevron; and C. Smith, SPE, and A. Saxon, SPE, Schlumberger Abstract Between December 2003 and February
M.S. Newman, Chevron Australia Pty. Ltd., andï¿½M.M. Rahman, SPE,
The University of Adelaide Abstract The success of a stimulation technique i
H.A. Nasr-El-Din, SPE, A.A. Al-Zahrani, SPE, F.O. Garzon, SPE, C.A.F. Gi Summary Acid-fracturing treatments are used com
M.A.P. Albuquerque, SPE, Schlumberger; A.G. Ledergerber, SPE, Chevron;Abstract Between December 2003 and February
B. Lungwitz, SPE, Schlumberger; R. Hathcock, SPE, K. Koerner, SPE, D. ByAbstract The Macaï¿½ formation (Cretaceous ag
Hai Liu, SPE, Chad Coston, and Mohamed Yassin, SPE, Schlumberger; ShaSummary Effective matrix acidizing in Kuwaitâ€™
Yin-Chong Yong and Karim Saaikh, Brunei Shell Petroleum; Joao Queiros Abstract Improving oil and gas production from th
H.A. Nasr-El-Din, SPE, and M. Zabihi, SPE, Saudi Aramco, and S.K. Kelk Abstract In treating sour water injectors in carbon
R. Arangath, SPE, Schlumberger; K.W. Hopkins, Aral Petroleum Capital; Abstract Stimulation of carbonate reservoirs is ofte
F.F. Chang, SPE, Schlumberger; H.A. Nasr-El-Din, SPE, Texas A&M Univers Abstract Hydrochloric acid is the most commonly u
Surajit Haldar, SPE, Ahmed A. Al-Jandal, SPE, Saad M. Al-Driweesh, Mufe Abstract The Uthmaniyah field is one of the bigges
M. Asadi, ProTechnics; G.S. Penny, CESI Chemical; B.R. Ainley, Chandler EnAbstract A group of industry experts have compile
Rafael Rozo, SPE, and Javier Paez, Petrominerales; Alberto Mendoza, SPEAbstract The Caballos formation is thick laminate
Rafael Rozo and Javier Paez, Petrominerales; Alberto Mendoza, Ecopetrol; Abstract The Orito field in the south of Colombia w
Frank F. Chang and Xiangdong Qiu, Schlumberger, and Hisham A. Nasr-El Abstract The purpose of matrix treatments in carb
D. Oussoltsev, I. Fomin, K.K. Butula, and K. Mullen, SPE, Schlumberger, and
Abstract The majority of oil exploited from Russia
V. Kumar, SPE, V. Bang, SPE, G.A. Pope, SPE, and M.M. Sharma, SPE,
U. of Texas at Austin, and P.S. Ayyalasomayajula, SPE, and J. Kamath,
SPE, Chevron Abstract Significant productivity loss occurs in ga
Murtaza Ziauddin, SPE, and Emmanuel Bize, SPE, Schlumberger Abstract Most carbonate reservoirs are heterogen
Liang Jin and Paul Wong, Shell Intl. E&P, and Brent Sinanan, BJ Services Abstract Malaysia is a significant gas producer an
O. Vazquez, M. Singleton, SPE, and K.S. Sorbie, SPE, Heriot-Watt U., and Abstract This paper describes a sensitivity study
L.P. Moore, SPE, and H. Ramakrishnan, SPE, Schlumberger Abstract Restimulation of existing wells represents
K. Hughes and N. Santos, SPE, Chevron, and R.E. Arias and S.V.
Nadezhdin, SPE, Schlumberger Well Services Abstract Historically carbon dioxide (CO2)â€“foa
O. Bustos, Y. Chen, M. Stewart, K. Heiken, and T. Bui, Schlumberger, and PAbstract CO2 based fluids are commonly used to
K. Hughes and N. Santos, SPE, Chevron, and R.E. Arias and S.V. NadezhdAbstract Historically carbon dioxide (CO2)â€“foa
S.A. Utegalyev and S.K. Duzbayev, KazMunaiGas RD, and K. Kulbatyrov a Abstract Well stimulation techniques like hydrau
Vishal Bang, SPE, Gary A. Pope, SPE, and Mukul M. Sharma, SPE, The Unive Abstract During production from gas condensate r
Myeong Noh* and Abbas Firoozabadi, RERI *currently with Chevron
Corporation Summary Liquid blocking in some gas-condensat
Mohan K.R. Panga andï¿½Suzylawati Ismail, Schlumberger Well Services; Abstract Water blocks and condensate drop out n
Mohan K.R. Panga andï¿½Suzylawati Ismail, Schlumberger Well Services; Abstract Water blocks and condensate drop out n
Majdi Al Mutawa, Bader Al Matar, SPE, and Abdulaziz Abdulla Dashti, SP Abstract Dual completed wells producing from the
George Aggrey* and David Davies, Heriot-Watt University, UK Abstract Value addition via real-time reservoir mon
Mark F. Barrilleaux and Thomas A. Boyd, BP Abstract Smart completions that can remotely con
Mark F. Barrilleaux and Thomas A. Boyd, BP Abstract Smart completions that can remotely con
Xiuli Wang and Knut Hovem, BP; Daniel Moos, GMI; and Youli Quan, StanfoAbstract Water hammer effects resulting from the
M. Jamiolahmady, P. Ghahri, O.E. Victor, and A. Danesh, Heriot-Watt U. Abstract: The performance of a horizontal (highly
Ron Day, Ramsey Fisher, SPE, and Louise Jacobsen Plutt, SPE, BP AmericAbstract As capital costs continue to escalate in t
Douglas Boyd, Salah Al-Kubti, Osama Hamdy Khedr, Naeem Khan, and KhoAbstract Two classes (sonic and ultrasonic) of cem
Douglas Boyd, Salah Al-Kubti, Osama Hamdy Khedr, Naeem Khan, and KhoAbstract Two classes (sonic and ultrasonic) of cem
ul acid stimulation campaign was conducted in 2004 in Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP). This paper discusses what have been done differentl
a is an offshore field located 60 km west of the coasts of Congo in water depths of 170 m. The field is producing light sweet oil from an Albia
al nature of carbonate rocks makes acidizing an effective matrix stimulation technique. Acid dissolves carbonates at high reaction rate to cr
cal Submersible Pump (ESP) a form of artificial lift technology has proven to be a durable solution for delivering the required rates from Sa
owered jet pumps (FPJP) were pioneered for use in Kuparuk Field wells on the North Slope of Alaska. Unlike conventional surface powered
of improved Oil Recovery in mature fields is almost inevitable. However the method applied in the IOR process is dependent on the econo
Gas industry is often faced with the challenge of selecting an optimal Artificial Lift method for a well in the midst of various artificial lift type c
pletions for SAGD1 producers are unique. Conventional gas lift valves and mandrels with a packer completion cannot be used due to the e
or high-temperature electric submersible pump (ESP) systems is growing as the oil industry matures. Canada's nonconventional oil reserves
systems are now being considered of extreme importance as the reserves across the globe are depleting and the wells are unable to flow n
ll cleanup during well start-up ensures efficient formation damage removal and maximises the resulting well production potential. Horizonta
(from conventional wells to horizontal and then multi-lateral) in well architecture for maximising reservoir contact have been paralleled by ad
ndan gas recycling project is located north of Australia in the East Timor Sea and is designed to produce 1 100 MMscf/D of wet gas strip o
outlines and discusses the issues surrounding the TOTAL AUSTRAL Carina and Aries field development project and the engineering issue
r explores multiple completion options in gas/condensate reservoirs with compositional simulations. Besides intelligent-well completion (IWC
and Tobago (bpTT) has been developing highrate gas fields in Trinidad & Tobago since 1999 and has six high rate gas fields currently on
hevskoye oil field development started in 1995. In 2002 by the time when all the designed vertical wells had been drilled practically all the r
e northeast Brazil Manati field is located in the Camamu Bay with water depths less than 50 m. The sandstone gas reservoirs in this field ha
n well multiple zone completion systems applied in marginal wells in Los Perales Oil Field located in the Gulf of San Jorge Basin Santa Cru
od of completing multiple-layer formations has been successfully tested in the United States and Canada. This new method places sliding s
a mature oil field with depleted reservoir pressure supported by an aquifer in the deeper Cretaceous horizon. The Cartojani structure is loc
Niger Delta clastic environment horizontal well completions have been widely used with success. Although conventional wells have been a
r discusses the effects of Ca2+ Mg2+ and Fe2+ on inhibitor retention and release. Better understanding of phosphonate reactions during i
presents the results of an investigation of the design of production tubing string setting depths in gas wells to optimize gas recovery in wells
presents the results of an investigation of the design of production tubing string setting depths in gas wells to optimize gas recovery in wells
eservoir in the Greater Burgan field is a thin carbonate reservoir containing light oil in a 10-20 ft target zone with â€œgood porosity.ï¿½ Ma
eservoir in the Greater Burgan field is a thin carbonate reservoir containing light oil in a 10-20 ft target zone with â€œgood porosity.ï¿½ Ma
Minghuazhen is a shallow-water delta-plain sedimentary-deposit reservoir sand in Bohai Bay China. It has relatively heavy oil in place that
presents an advanced control method for online regulation of downhole Interval Control Valves (ICVs) to achieve optimal production via cho
describes a case-study detailing planning completion testing and production of the first Maximum Reservoir Contact (MRC) Multilateral (M
acement efficiency in hydrocarbon formations is often caused by the natural variation in the mobility of fluids across the reservoir strata. His
r describes a case study that details the planning completion testing and production of the first maximum reservoir contact (MRC) multila
oped an operational strategy for commingled production with infinitely variable inflow control valves (ICVs) using sequential linear programm
r of multilateral gas producers drilled in the Ghawar field has significantly increased over the past few years as part of the reservoir develop
ing technology is moving towards maximum reservoir contact (MRC) by means of extended-reach horizontal and multilateral wells in all typ
stimulation treatments based on alcohol to remove liquid blockage or condensate banking in the near well zone date from sixties. Among t
injection on the Shell Bonga field offshore Nigeria is accomplished via a network of subsea flowlines and 15 subsea injection wells. Maximiz
rol devices which prevent early water breakthrough by passively controlling the inflow profile of a well have had a long and successful his
few field installations of a dual-electric submersible-pump (DESP) completion have been reported. In general the purpose of the second pu
few field installations of a dual-electric submersible-pump (DESP) completion have been reported. In general the purpose of the second pu
ball Field is a one Tcf gas condensate development offshore Trinidad producing at a sustained rate in excess of 800 MMcf/D from three we
of the increasing emphasis on reducing operating costs and minimizing deferred production a new system was designed for perforating we
statistical methodology using survival analysis (SA) was developed and applied to electrical submersible pump (ESP) system performance
statistical methodology using survival analysis (SA) was developed and applied to electrical submersible pump (ESP) system performance
proved to be effective and economical in underbalanced operations (UBO) and is gaining wider applications in many areas. It provides the
is a relatively simple and cost-effective well completion technique for horizontal wells. However fluid flow into a slotted-liner completion is q
uring has been a successful method to stimulate the Khuff Carbonate wells of Saudi Arabia since the beginning of the gas development pro
ield located on the North Slope of Alaska was developed using open-hole horizontal completions drilled along the maximum principle stress
ield located on the North Slope of Alaska was developed using open-hole horizontal completions drilled along the maximum principle stress
r details the results for 33 propped-fracture treatments in low-porosity zones in the South Arne (SA) field Danish North Sea. To date seven
ry purpose of surfactants used in stimulating sandstone reservoirs is to reduce surface tension and contact angle and provide leakoff contro
orizontal lateral Bakken dolomite play began in 1999 in eastern Montana more than 330 wells have been permitted and more than 200 well
hydraulic fracturing in various risky" oil reservoirs has been the biggest challenge for fracturing engineers in the Western Siberia basin as a
ing has been part of Saudi Aramcoâ€™s gas development strategy to maximize productivity from for vertical wells in the Khuff carbonates o
describes successful implementation of degradable fiber-laden fluids for hydraulic fracturing in one of the largest oilfield in Western Siberia.
discusses the application of fibers for the Frac and Pack application for Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP). Seven wells with a total of seventeen
ds are usually surfactants or cosolvents added to stimulation treatments to reduce capillary pressure and water blocks. As the gas reservoir
y has been conducted on the effect of formation Youngâ€™s modulus and in situ stress on hydraulic fracture height containment in layered
Mexico (GOM) hydrocarbon discoveries reaching record depths and very high bottomhole pressures the need for proven weighted fractur
reservoir development continues at a record pace in North America. Additionally reservoir pressure depletion and declining quality of reser
elds produce larger quantities of water operators and service companies find themselves challenged with disposing flowback and produced
d design for hydraulic fracturing is of great importance especially with the growing demand for this method as a means of production enhan
he success of a tight-gas field development program in a fluvial environment is to understand the reservoirâ€™s deliverability and what the
s a pervasively used completion technique in wells targeting high permeability poorly consolidated and depleted sandstone formations loca
ive pay of the low permeability Ryabchyk formation in the mature fields of Western Siberia is separated from underlying water zones by a w
has become a viable and important option for completing horizontal wells. There are many fracturing processes and methods to consider for
t years horizontal well technology evolved in the Middle East field development strategies becomes favored over vertical and deviated wells
Pichana field is located in the center of the Neuquï¿½n Basin in the province of Neuquï¿½n being at present one of the main gas produc
n scenario in many mature oilfields is to have most of the wells producing hydrocarbons with high water cuts. These wells are commonly no
ca hasnâ€™t escaped the general industry trend of finding reserves in ever challenging environments. Complex geology and low permeabi
Africa offshore fields are maturing and operators are completing secondary targets in their wells to maintain the economic operation of their
key strategies in Saudi Aramcoâ€™s optimum gas development project is drilling single and multilateral wells to achieve maximum reservo
erations are extremely expensive because of the operational environment and the necessary infrastructure. In this environment emphasis i
d System, Executed from a Supply Vessel; Black Sea Offshore
y and multiphase flow effects in hydraulic fractures have been well documented in the last several years. The pressure losses caused by the
one of ONGCâ€™s major brownfields discovered in 1983 and located in Gujarat. The Field produces approximately 30 000 bopd and is on
presents the results of an investigation of the design and analysis of the boundary-dominated flow production performance of a vertically fra
idespread proliferation micro-seismic fracture mapping it has been observed that some naturally fractured formations exhibit a non planar o
y of hydraulic fracturing work in Russia is being done in the Western Siberian basin where operators and service companies have gathered
acturing of horizontal wells in shale gas reservoirs is now an established commercially successful technique.ï¿½ The evolution of the comp
od of completing multiple layer wells has been successfully tested in the Piceance basin for Petrogulf Corporation. This new method placed
hod of completing multiple-layer tight gas wells is being investigated. The main concept is to place sliding sleeve valves in the casing strin
engineers have faced the problem of hydraulic fracturing in soft rock formations for many years. However existing programs used with soft
tic Surfactant (VES) fluids are polymer-free fluids that generate viscosities suitable for fracturing operations without the use of polymer add
rbon dioxide- (CO2-) emulsified viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluid system has recently been used to improve the Olmos production in the
discusses the selection criteria design methodology and analysis of hydraulic fracturing treatments pumped using a solids-free liquid CO2
Generation Viscoelastic Fluid: Successful Case Histories in West Venezuela
uction in mature fields is a common situation.ï¿½ In many mature areas every barrel of oil is being produced with six to ten barrels of water
ective of hydraulic fracturing in tight formation gas reservoirs is the creation of â€œeffective fracture length.ï¿½ The creation of effective fra
drilling program on North Raguba field in Libya has been suspended since the current wellâ€™s performance in this area was not promisin
ance of fracturing treatments has been an issue for over fifty years and considerable effort has been devoted to improve its prediction perfo
presents the process of candidate well selection design execution and evaluation that lead to the successful implementation of acid fractur
cumented in the literature that hydraulic fracture treatments although successful often underperform: Frac and Pack completions exhibit po
eservoirs gas well production after hydraulic fracturing (HF) is often greatly impaired through various mechanisms by invasion of fracturing
ic hydraulic fracture monitoring is having a major impact in how wells are being completed in tight sand reservoirs.ï¿½ This existing technol
impairment in tight-gas formations is a typical phenomenon for fractured wells. Processes responsible for this behavior are related to the ch
errors in the calculated azimuth and other parameters of a monitored fracture can be caused by not performing accurate borehole deviatio
reports on a study conducted to assist with field development in the Jonah Field in Wyoming. Microseismic and surface tiltmeter fracture ma
lity Formations
cally fracture a well requires large investments in equipment horsepower materials and manpower.ï¿½ An engineer can be overwhelmed w
-fracturing treatment fracture conductivity is created by differential etching of the fracture surface by the acid; without nonuniform dissolutio
lization of Hydraulic fracturing in West Siberia and the increase of job size over the recent year can impact the field development strategy. T
adioactive tracers have been used in combination with standard industry logging tools to gain valuable insight about the fracture height (ne
f our research is on a remote oilfield in western Siberia currently in the initial stages of development. There are two producing horizons of J
ere are many proven ways of predicting productivity in hydraulically fractured wells in medium-permeability oil reservoirs there is still no sim
s carried out to forecast the productivity of a hydraulically fractured well in a retrograde gas-condensate sandstone reservoir using a nume
stribution at the tip of a hydraulic fracture is a key element for controlling fracture propagation. In low-permeability formations under downh
ight carbonate formations in Saudi Arabia are ideally suited for acid fracturing treatments. Various types of acids such as regular in-situ gel
presents the results of an investigation of the design and analysis of low conductivity fractures. The mathematical model used in this work is
microseismic array was utilized to perform hydraulic fracture diagnostics during stimulation of the Chevron Skinner Ridge (SR) #698-22-1 we
mic imaging of a hydraulic-fracture stimulation showed significant fracture reorientation across a thrust fault. Fracture orientations were iden
etion plays a critical role in the performance of a well in its entire life. More and more advanced well completion options are available for pot
wback is an extremely important phenomenon in hydraulic fracturing technology and may cause severe problems for well completion. Vario
the propagation of an orthogonal fracture and reopening along the initial fracture during a refracture treatment is studied by taking into acco
al problem arises in enhancing oil recovery and is relevant to hydraulic fracturing process and subsequent frontal displacement of fluids from
acturing is one of the most common well stimulation techniques. Hence considerable amount of efforts has been devoted to study their perf
ooded reservoir hydrocarbon recovery optimization is impacted by well spacing and hydraulic fracture extent. An excessive fracture length
summarizes part of the results of an investigation of fracture clean-up mechanisms undertaken under a Joint Industry Project active since
summarizes part of the results of an investigation of fracture clean-up mechanisms undertaken under a Joint Industry Project active since
documents the utilization of fracpack completion technology for water injectors in sand control environments.ï¿½ This paper is a look back a
s a deepwater project located in Malaysia. The development plan for this field requires fifteen water injectors eighteen producers and one
acturing plays a very important role in these mature and complex geology fields located onshore northeast Brazil â€“ Carmï¿½polis and Sir
ng the hydraulic fracture path have been observed in mapping of mined fractures and attempts have been made to reproduce their effects o
halk Research (JCR) initiative is set up by a group of operators and partners in the Southern North Sea. The objective of the initiative is to in
acturing is one of the most common well stimulation techniques for gas-condensate reservoirs. In recent years considerable effort has been
ga field is located in Timan-Petchora region of Northern Russia 60 km North of the Arctic Polar Circle. The field is producing principally from
draulic fracturing has been successfully applied in tight gas reservoir development. Economic completion of tight gas sands with large hydra
Series articles are general descriptive representations that summarize the state of the art in an area of technology by describing recent de
crease in gas inflow due to gas coning and the resulting bean-back because of Gas to Oil Ratio (GOR) constraints can severely limit oil prod
auto natural and in-situ gas lift all refer to artificial lift systems that use gas from a gas-bearing formation to gas lift a well. The gas lift gas
and Tobago (bpTT) has been developing highrate gas fields in Trinidad & Tobago since 1999 and has six high rate gas fields currently on
nvestigations were conducted to examine the effectiveness of heavy oil-in-water emulsion in plugging the near wellbore matrix thereby red
productivity is affected by two distinct mechanisms: liquid blocking and high-velocity flow in two-phase flow. The former has been studied ex
own that the use of hydrochloric acid to clean up and restore permeability of open holes drilled in limestone formations is a questionable p
ells provide extended contact with the reservoir and have unique advantages over vertical wells in many applications. As nominally horizon
cturing in water injectors plays a large role in controlling and determining injectivity. Vertical wells cannot always deliver the required rates to
ompletion technology has progressed dramatically over the last six years with the latest technical barriers being eclipsed with open-hole te
ompletion technology has progressed dramatically over the last six years with the latest technical barriers being eclipsed with open-hole te
horizontal wells with openhole sections or non-cemented liners is a common practice. This type of openhole wells is preferred to maximize
horizontal wells with openhole sections or non-cemented liners is a common practice. This type of openhole wells is preferred to maximize
le River field represents the first widespread and successful application of horizontal openhole completions on the North Slope of Alaska a
r presents the results of a project that was initiated to analyze the inflow performance and inflow distribution of one smart and two problema
well in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) has been producing oil with more than 50% water cut. This raises a concern because the existing Anti-Ag
cases in gas condensate wells produce below dew point pressure generating a saturated zone in liquid that blockage the gas flow efficiency
effective life-cycle profile control completion system has been developed to solve major problems associated with surveillance and intervent
Conveyed Workover Operation

t downhole monitoring can provide valuable information for production decisions in real time without the need to perform an intervention to
e intelligent water-alternating-gas (WAG) injector was installed at the Statoil Veslefrikk Field in the North Sea in May 2004. The completion
describes an innovative completion solutions with reservoir monitoring and control completion technologies that allows commingled oil prod
project located in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico is a unique development which ties-back six small to medium-sized oil and gas fields to th
nd multilateral completions are a proven superior development option compared to conventional solutions in many reservoir situations. How
wells are superior in production and recovery to conventional wells however they are subjected to early water coning towards the heel (wate
Well (IW) Technology improves well and field performance management by combining zonal production control using Interval Control Valve
ompletions have been in commercial use for over ten years. Application of intelligent completions technology has evolved from intervention
Well (IW) Technology combines zonal production control using Interval Control Valves (ICVs) together with installation of appropriate flow
water fields with a limited number of wells may require intelligent well systems to maximize production capacity under facility constraints. Ag
describes an innovative completion solution with state-of-the-art reservoir monitoring and control completion technologies that allows comm
challenges remain in the development of optimized control techniques for intelligent wells particularly with respect to properly incorporating
and subsequent results of a hydraulic fracturing test performed on a large block of high modulus and low permeability rock (Colton sandsto
and subsequent results of a hydraulic fracturing test performed on a large block of high modulus and low permeability rock (Colton sandsto
ely used to divert acid or abandon the high permeable layers. In this type of application foam should considerably reduce gas mobility. The
a new 2D analysis based on the recently developed stochastic bubble population foam model focusing on the effect of the core heterogene
we present a 1D and 2D analysis of foam development in porous media based upon a new stochastic bubble population foam model and
city calculations in the form of charts or simple equations are frequently used by field personnel to evaluate a gas wellâ€™s flowing conditio
al well was completed in a Chevron subsea condensate field with high peak rate. Within one year the production significantly declined with
gas wells the produced gas rate and consequently the velocity will drop to the extent that produced liquids are no longer carried to surface
increase in worldwide brown-field activity and overall depletion of current gas fields has renewed focus on maximizing gas production from
a gas fields become mature significant production losses are increasingly caused by liquid loading. The reservoir energy is insufficient to tr
pressures decrease in maturing gas wells liquid drop-out forms an increasing restriction on gas production. Even though virtually all of the
characteristic of â€œchallenging unconventional gas resources namely low permeability sands shale and coal bed methane is that the ult
ng in gas wells is a phenomenon that increasingly limits production in mature gas wells where reservoir pressures are insufficient to lift liqui
pective is introduced to the problem of liquid loading in gas wells. Gas wells cease producing as reservoir pressure depletes and gas veloci
thods for unloading water from gas wells have been used in the industry. These methods commonly have a combination of the following ch
esents a new dynamic model to describe the plunger motion by considering the changes of the tubing and casing pressures liquid accumu
gation into gas carryover resulting from the downward flow of water was conducted. Water accumulation in a gas well is responsible for wel
aces around the world notably the North Sea and the Middle East carbonate reservoirs are being accessed with very long horizontal wells
letions have been widely used to increase productivity from non-conventional sources such as coalbed methane reservoirs and â€œheavy
essing workflow has been engineered to combine reservoir deliverability defined by production logging (PL) measurements with nodal ana
of exploration wells continue to escalate we need more than ever to evaluate each well quickly and efficiently to improve the appraisal pro
blems are often observed in fields after a period of relatively smooth operation. These occurrences usually coincide with an increase in dep
own that in cased-hole completions productivity is enhanced by maximizing shaped charge penetration and shot density while minimizing pe
on from completion to production often requires the well to be killed immediately after perforation is completed thus exposing the formation
ng has been widely used worldwide to perform perforating and zonal isolation operation due to the ability in intervening highly deviated and
Eastern Venezuela the Santa Ana Field is part of the most important gas province of Venezuela: Anaco District. Its main productive zones a
presents an assessment of the performance of a horizontal well completed by limited-entry perforation (LEP) technique based on reservoi
nal Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) Chevron and ENI the field operator are partners in the development of the HZ oil and gas fields o
ting production engineers in managing the perforating process Shell recognized the need for an engineering software tool to guide and adv
an important technique for stimulating production in low-permeability formations and requires special consideration in designing the prece
an important technique for stimulating production in low-permeability formations and requires special consideration in designing the prece
llenge identified by ADMA OPCO is the time delay and subsequent lostï¿½production between a well being completed with the drilling rig u
n Jorge S.R.L. operates in the Loma Negra area and El Trapial field located in the Neuquï¿½n Basin Argentina. El Trapial wells are chara
elds offshore Sarawak Malaysia are characterised by heavily karstified carbonate reservoirs.ï¿½ These reservoirs are typified by significan
elds offshore Sarawak Malaysia are characterised by heavily karstified carbonate reservoirs.ï¿½ These reservoirs are typified by significan
imates of post perforation damage skin are important for designing remedial solutions and productivity enhancement operations. Underbala
coiled tubing (CT) conveyance is used to optimize underbalanced perforating especially for rig-related operations. Well trajectory tempera
remedial work such as through tubing perforation has been successfully carried out in most vertical/deviated wells. However in high angle
shaped charge fired from a perforating string or perforating gun will not only perforate its targets but also possibly cause excessive damag
tivity is driven by establishing a clean connection through the near wellbore zone of drilling and completion induced permeability impairmen
n a series of laboratory flow experiments comparing the productivity of perforations created with reactive liner charges against those created
productivity is achieved by establishing a clean connection to the wellbore through the near wellbore zone of drilling and completion induce
where sulphate scaling damage occurs is determined by two governing parameters: the kinetics coefficient characterising the velocity of ch
ork has derived an analytical model for simultaneous flow of incompatible waters in porous media with sulphate salt precipitation determin
water reinjection (PWRI) offers an efficient and effective means of disposing of the PW waste stream and provides an opportunity for a wat
nt years interest in underbalanced drilling (UBD) has grown rapidly. As a drilling technique it has gained acceptance because it provides a m
co's drilling strategy witnessed a change in the last few years by drilling horizontal and extended reach maximum reservoir contact (MRC) w
s Basin in Brazil is one of the most challenging areas for completions in the world due to the lack of formation consolidation the large perce
producers have long been looking for effective sand control methods that allow completion flexibility and improved productivity throughout
w Clastics Field operated by Sarawak Shell targets two shallow gas-bearing reservoirs H1 and H2 at approximately 2 650 ft true vertical d
ips is developing the Magnolia field with a Tension Leg Platform (TLP) in 4 674 ft of water at Garden Banks block 783 in the Gulf of Mexico.
hillips is developing the Magnolia field with a tension-leg platform (TLP) in 4 674 ft of water at Garden Banks Block 783 in the Gulf of Mexico
the wells reach there economical production limit and are consequently abandoned or mothballed until viable solutions are available to enh
reach naturally perforated water-injection frac-pack producing completions and frac-pack producing selective completion interventions we
and prediction has been made for three wells at Chevronâ€™s West Seno field based on logs/lab data and the results have been calibrated
describes challenges test equipment test program and results in the development of a screen product and contingency fluid-loss control (F
llow Clastics field operated by Sarawak Shell primarily targets two shallow gas-bearing reservoirs H1 and H2 at approximately 2 650 ft tru
ips is developing the Magnolia field with a tension leg platform (TLP) in 4 674 ft of water at Garden Banks block 783 in the Gulf of Mexico. T
hillips is developing the Magnolia field with a tension leg platform (TLP) in 4 674 ft of water at Garden Banks Block 783 in the Gulf of Mexico
s situated in SPDCâ€™s OML 22 in the eastern part of the Niger delta belt some 60kM NW of Port Harcourt. The field discovered in 1986
rators have recently launched a new industry-wide initiative on sand control reliability. The aim of the initiative is to gain a better understand
Hole Gravel Pack (OHGP) completions that have been installed in Greater Plutonio to date have all achieved complete annular packs and z
Gravel packing is increasingly becoming a standard practice in the deep-water subsea completion environment. A Chevron offshore gas re
Open Hole Gravel Pack (HOHGP) is the conventional sand control technique for offshore non consolidated reservoirs in Brazil. Gravel pack
Open hole gravel pack is the conventional sand control technique for offshore non consolidated reservoirs in Brazil. Gravel pack placement
rend of completion method in offshore reservoirs with sand control requirement is Horizontal Open Hole Gravel Packing (OHGP).ï¿½ Thoug
Hole Gravel Pack (OHGP) completions that have been installed in Greater Plutonio to date have all achieved complete annular packs and z
n A-45 located in the Norwegian Sea was completed in an unconsolidated sandstone reservoir that required sand control. The lower zone
major challenges in underground gas storage wells in Italy is to maximize the sand layers exposure by drilling slanted or sub-horizontal well
ravel packing is one of the most popular completion techniques due to its high reliability along with the ability to deliver high-productivity we
avel-packs involve limited technical risk but require considerable rig time when completing deep multi-zone sand control wells. Four field de
STRAL operates the Carina and Aries fields which are located in offshore Tierra del Fuego in the most southern region of Argentina. Thes
king has routinely been used as a sand control method in open-hole horizontal wells. With the advances in drilling technology in recent yea
ajority of the recent deepwater developments in West Africa require sand control applications. Openhole gravel packing is the preferred san
emoval of small sand-sized solids is critical for successful drilling and completion operations in sand reservoirs. Recent experience in exten
documents a novel engineering approach and the operational methodology used to achieve high efficiency remediation on two offshore app
e gravel packing is commonly utilized to control sand production from oil and gas wells. The success of a cased-hole gravel-pack job depen
gravel packing is commonly utilized to control sand production from oil and gas wells. The success of a cased-hole gravel-pack job depend
ell in a gas field in Trinidad was designed to be a high-rate gas producer from a 65ï¿½ deviated well through the S1U S1L and S2U sands
n oil and gas field located off the Norwegian Coast that is due to be developed with subsea infrastructure tied back to a floating production
mpletions in the Gulf of Mexico must typically address sand control. Our industry has made significant progress with respect to sand control
presents the first installation of nozzle-based passive inflow control devices (ICD) for Apache Corporation in Australasia. This recent techno
sand control completions provide a cost-effective means of completing wells in the Gulf of Mexico by eliminating the need to have a rig on l
sand control completions provide a cost-effective means of completing wells in the Gulf of Mexico by eliminating the need to have a rig on l
for a cost-effective alternative to screens has been intensive in the sand control field. Different systems have been proposed in the past in
eld in Sumatra Indonesia shown in Fig. 1 and operated by Chevron Pacific Indonesia (CPI) is one of the largest onshore steamflood oper
d sands of the South Tapti field have presented completion challenges from field start-up in 1997 to the present-day. A large part of these c
ification involves predicting the volumes of sand which can be produced at the sandface completion and transported to the surface facilities
Girassol field offshore Angola are situated in very deep water and have being completed in unconsolidated sandy turbiditic reservoirs. Tod
and to be produced is widely known to enhance oil production rates particularly for heavy-oils fields. However in such a situation it is very
ells With Concentric Coiled Tubing Vacuuming Technology
low models have been successfully applied to heavy oil reservoirs .1 2 3 However when these models are applied to light oil and gas reser
s a case study which describes how Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) is applied to sand management in the specific case of Lunskoye
ction from the Sarir field became a major concern for AGOCO at the end of the 1980s when ESPs were introduced to the field. The sanding
eld case examples this paper presents our current well construction and completion design analysis based on the following approach: (1) c
presented as SPEï¿½100948 at the 2006 SPE International Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition in China held in Beijing 5-7 December 20
presented as SPEï¿½100948 at the 2006 SPE International Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition in China held in Beijing 5-7 December 20
described a case study involved an investigation in a field in Libya where massive unexplained fill had been reported accompanying obstruc
described a case study involved an investigation in a field in Libya where massive unexplained fill had been reported accompanying obstruc
only acknowledged in the petroleum industry that water cut increases sand-production risk and a number of possible mechanisms have be
only acknowledged in the petroleum industry that water cut increases sand-production risk and a number of possible mechanisms have be
nd mechanisms leading to sanding are described within an integrated-rock and soil-mechanics framework.ï¿½ While the conventional sandi
nd mechanisms leading to sanding are described within an integrated-rock and soil-mechanics framework.ï¿½ While the conventional sandi
ction rates of coalbed gas wells commonly vary significantly even in the same field with similar reservoir permeability and gas content. The
sand control in long horizontal wells is difficult and particularly challenging in offshore fields. It is therefore imperative to make decisions w
sand control in long horizontal wells is difficult and particularly challenging in offshore fields. It is therefore imperative to make decisions w
he stacked reservoirs of the Bokor field offshore Sarawak Malaysia are prone to sand production the field-development team did not opt
provides a case study of an intervention effort which returned to production three wells that had been on extended shut in two subsea and o
r introduces a predictive tool that forecasts the drawdown associated with the onset of sanding as well as it predicts the sanding rate in real
r introduces a predictive tool that forecasts the drawdown associated with the onset of sanding as well as it predicts the sanding rate in real
production prediction models to date have the capability to indicate whether initial sand production may take place during the lifetime of a re
duction of hydrocarbons the formation is subjected to increasing levels of effective stress resulting from the reduction in pore pressure. In
presents a geomechanical study on the potential of wellbore instability and sand production for a multi-field gas development in offshore Pe
and iron sulphide scales are known to be particular issues with gas production fields particularly those producing from HP/HT reservoirs.ï¿
Sï¿½r field operated by Hydro Oil & Energy is situated 130 km west of the Norwegian coast on the eastern flank of the Viking Graben struc
dy the available methods and software to predict the well productivity and total skin factor in fully perforated vertical wells have been review
ombination of analytical calculations and 3D finite-element simulation we have developed a comprehensive skin-factor model for perforated
ic surfactant systems are used in the industry for several applications. Initially the application was focused on low-friction and solids-suspe
an acid fracture treatment is to generate a highly conductive pathway of sufficient length from the reservoir to the wellbore. Depth of penetra
of acid solutions injected into hydraulic fractures created in carbonate formations can be assessed at the laboratory scale in acid fracture c
an acid fracture treatment is to generate a highly conductive pathway of sufficient length from the reservoir to the wellbore. Depth of penetra
ng has been an integral part of Aramcoâ€™s gas development strategy for the vertical wells in the Khuff carbonates over the last several y
ing has been an integral part of Aramcoâ€™s gas development strategy for the vertical wells in the Khuff carbonates over the last several y
ic-surfactant (VES) -based diverting products have been used successfully in matrix acidizing in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) in recent years.ï
presents the prejob engineering process and executional summary of the first North Sea application of a novel tubing-conveyed fracturing t
erting-acid based on viscoelastic surfactant (SDVA) has been successfully used recently on numerous stimulation treatments of carbonate f
ecember 2003 and February 2005 eight wells were stimulated in Tengiz field in Kazakhstan using a viscoelastic diverting acid system to ev
s of a stimulation technique is often measured by its stimulation ratio. This paper however presents a novel way of calculating the value th
uring treatments are used commonly to enhance the productivity of carbonate formations with low-permeability zones. Various forms of hyd
ecember 2003 and February 2005 eight wells were stimulated in Tengiz field in Kazakhstan using a viscoelastic diverting acid system to ev
¿½ formation (Cretaceous age Campos Basin Brazil) is predominantly an oolitic and oncolitic grainstone and packstone limestone with a
matrix acidizing in Kuwaitâ€™s horizontal openhole wells is a big challenge. Reservoir heterogeneity and the length of the horizontal wells m
il and gas production from the Brown Fields is now more important than ever to the operating companies as the oil price remains record hi
our water injectors in carbonate formations in Saudi Arabia sulfide scavenging prevention of sulfur and iron sulfide precipitation is a majo
of carbonate reservoirs is often considered a routine operation. When the reservoirs are thick (more than 200 m) the stimulation process is
c acid is the most commonly used acid for carbonate acidizing due to its low cost and high dissolving power. However there are two major d
iyah field is one of the biggest sub fields and older producing sections in the giant Ghawar structure. A few wells have been dead for some
ndustry experts have compiled their years of experiences in developing a new technical standard to measure stimulation and gravel-pack flu
os formation is thick laminated sandstone with less than 10% of total clays and permeability ranging from 20 mD to as high as one Darcy.ï¿
ld in the south of Colombia was initially put on production in 1969 and has produced continuously since then. The most prolific reservoir is
e of matrix treatments in carbonate reservoirs is to increase connectivity of a formation with the wellbore in the entire zone of interest. Succ
y of oil exploited from Russian oilfields today comes from the Volga-Urals and Western Siberian basin where large-scale fracturing and coi
productivity loss occurs in gas-condensate wells when the bottom hole flowing pressure drops below the dewpoint pressure. The decline in
nate reservoirs are heterogeneous at multiple-length scales.ï¿½ These heterogeneities strongly influence the outcome of acid stimulation tr
a significant gas producer and LNG exporter within Asia-Pacific region. Many of the countryâ€™s gas fields are offshore carbonate reservo
describes a sensitivity study on the main factors affecting a polymeric Relative Permeability Modifier (RPM) treatment in the near wellbore r
n of existing wells represents a vast underexploited resource. A successful refracturing treatment is one that creates a fracture having high
carbon dioxide (CO2)â€“foamed fracturing fluids were used to stimulate wells in the Waltman field in Wyomingâ€”due to the low formation
fluids are commonly used to fracture stimulate formations with low reservoir pressure as well as formations that are more sensitive to water
carbon dioxide (CO2)â€“foamed fracturing fluids were used to stimulate wells in the Waltman field in Wyomingâ€”due to the low formation
lation techniques like hydraulic fracturing which can involve large financial investments call for a basin- or reservoir-specific approach to
uction from gas condensate reservoirs significant productivity loss occurs after the pressure near the production wells drops below the dew
cking in some gas-condensate reservoirs is a serious problem when the permeability is low (for example of the order of 10 md or less). The
ks and condensate drop out near the wellbore in a gas reservoir can cause rapid production decline. The liquid (water/condensate) is trappe
ks and condensate drop out near the wellbore in a gas reservoir can cause rapid production decline. The liquid (water/condensate) is trappe
eted wells producing from the mature carbonate formation in northern Kuwait are encroached by injected water from adjacent wells presenti
on via real-time reservoir monitoring and optimisation is one of the main drivers for the increasing implementation of intelligent (I-)well comp
pletions that can remotely control the flow from multiple layers of a reservoir interval were introduced in the mid 1990â€™s. Downhole flow-c
pletions that can remotely control the flow from multiple layers of a reservoir interval were introduced in the mid 1990â€™s. Downhole flow-c
mer effects resulting from the shutting in of water injection wells are an often ignored issue in petroleum production operations but they have
mance of a horizontal (highly slanted) well (HW) or a slanted well (SW) is generally believed to be better than that of a vertical well (VW) du
osts continue to escalate in the deepwater environment there is greater pressure on operators to deliver wells in a more efficient manner. T
(sonic and ultrasonic) of cement bond log tools are run in tandem as part of ZADCOâ€™s standard cement evaluation program. The effec
(sonic and ultrasonic) of cement bond log tools are run in tandem as part of ZADCOâ€™s standard cement evaluation program. The effec
have been done differently best practices and learning. What is different in this campaign from previous ones? Detailed design Detailed
ght sweet oil from an Albian age reservoir buried between 3100m and 3400m TVD. In order to access reserves located in the southernmost
at high reaction rate to create flow channels (wormholes"). The high reaction rate often needs to be reduced to allow wormholes to penetra
he required rates from Saudi Aramco fields. Therefore this form of artificial lift was selected to increase production rate from one of the offs
ventional surface powered jet pumps these pumps are hydraulically powered by a prolific producing upper zone called the C sand to gener
dependent on the economics and value of the method. In the Southern Offshore area of Chevron operations there are huge cost implicati
f various artificial lift type choices. These challenges become more complex with increasing dynamic changes in well characteristics over th
nnot be used due to the extreme temperatures of the downhole environment. Most lift gas enters the production stream downhole via open-
nconventional oil reserves are estimated at just over 1 trillion barrels OnePetro
wells are unable to flow naturally. Over the years a number of artificial lift techniques have evolved as a result of extensive research and gro
ction potential. Horizontal wells are more susceptible than vertical wells to formation damage due to the longer completion length the longe
ave been paralleled by advances in completion equipment development OnePetro
MMscf/D of wet gas strip out 110 000 B/D of condensate/LPG initially reinject 950 MMscf/D of lean gas and later export up to 700 MMscf/D
and the engineering issues addressed to facilitate achieving the project goals of producing gas at high rates from the shallow unconsolidate
gent-well completion (IWC) options included commingling two reservoirs of contrasting conductivity (permeability-thickness product) and se
ate gas fields currently on production with several more in planning stages. All of the wells require sand control and this has resulted in five
drilled practically all the reserves of the main reservoirs within the production targets were put into production. There emerged a necessity
s reservoirs in this field have net pays with a thickness greater than 300 m and an average true vertical depth (TVD) of 1 400 m. The origin
an Jorge Basin Santa Cruz province Argentina. The field is fully oper OnePetro OnePetro
w method places sliding sleeve valves in the casing string and completes the well with normal cementing operations. The sliding sleeve val
e Cartojani structure is located in the central alignment of the Moesic Platform. It is a monocline with large dimensions and low layer inclinat
ntional wells have been applied to drain reservoirs in Niger-Delta extensively in recent years horizontal wells have also gained acceptance
phonate reactions during inhibitor squeeze treatments has direct implication on how to design and improve scale inhibitor squeeze treatmen
mize gas recovery in wells that produce free liquids in conjunction with the gas.ï¿½ Particularly important in this work has been the evaluatio
mize gas recovery in wells that produce free liquids in conjunction with the gas.ï¿½ Particularly important in this work has been the evaluatio
€œgood porosity.ï¿½ Matrix permeability is low and natural fracture density can be quite variable in this reservoir.ï¿½ Thus this reservoir m
€œgood porosity.ï¿½ Matrix permeability is low and natural fracture density can be quite variable in this reservoir.ï¿½ Thus this reservoir m
ely heavy oil in place that is high in viscosity. With the understandi OnePetro
optimal production via choke performance management. A Generalized Predictive Controller (GPC) has been shown to be capable of autom
tact (MRC) Multilateral (ML) and Smart Completion (SC) deployment in Ghawar Field.ï¿½ The well was drilled and completed as a proof o
ss the reservoir strata. Historically completions with cemented casing packers conformance controlling fluids/gels and selective perforatio
oir contact (MRC) multilateral (ML) and smart completion (SC) deployment in Ghawar Field Saudia Arabia. A well was drilled and comple
equential linear programming (SLP). The optimization algorithm requires instantaneous and derivative information. We propose a workflow
rt of the reservoir development stra OnePetro
multilateral wells in all types and shapes. Horizontal and Multilateral applications become more commonplace to improve the well productiv
date from sixties. Among the proposed mechanisms to explain the enhancement in gas effective permeability and also the higher degree o
ea injection wells. Maximizing water injection volume is an import OnePetro OnePetro
a long and successful history in the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea and in Saudi Arabia.ï¿½This paper will document the first applicat
purpose of the second pump was either to increase the pumping capacity or to act as a backup to improve the reliability of the pumping sy
purpose of the second pump was either to increase the pumping capacit OnePetro
800 MMcf/D from three wells. The completion design selected was 7 inch production tubing with an open-hole gravel pack. The initial well (C
esigned for perforating wells lifted with electrical submersible pumps (ESPs). The purpose of this project was to develop and apply a new co
ESP) system performance data. The approach extracts unbiased informatio OnePetro
ESP) system performance data. The approach extracts unbiased information from performance data and permits lifetime modeling with par
any areas. It provides the desired flexibility in controlling pressure profile and equivalent circulating density (ECD). However the knowledge
otted-liner completion is quite complicated due to three dimensional flow convergence around slots and limited open-to-flow areas. Further
the gas development program. Various types of acid systems including conventional emulsified and surfactant-based have been used in a
maximum principle stress and dominant fault orientation (northwest/southeast). Open-hole completions were considered the best completio
maximum principle stress and dominant fault orientation (northwest/southeast). Open-hole completions were considered the best completio
North Sea. To date seven horizontal wells (2900 m total vertical depth [TVD]) have been completed using 100 tip screenout (TSO) propped
and provide leakoff control. However many of these chemicals adsorbOnePetro
rapi
d and more than 200 wells are now producing. The lateral play began in Richland County Montana and the success there is now accelera
estern Siberia basin as a significant number of the oil-bearing formations in the basin are located near a water zone. These hydraulic fractu
s in the Khuff carbonates over the last several years. During acid fracturing the wormholes created by the reaction with the formation result
oilfield in Western Siberia. Placement advantage of fiber-assisted fluid already becomes obvious after initial campaign of four fracturing trea
s with a total of seventeen fracturing treatments in this study are on a multilayered unconsolidated formation where sand control is a part of
ocks. As the gas reservoirs being stimulated become tighter the perceived value of these additives has grown. This value must be balance
ght containment in layered formations. It has been well documented that in situ stress contrast is the dominant parameter controlling fractur
r proven weighted fracturing stimulation fluids has become urgent. As previous studies have shown frac packs have a significant impact in
d declining quality of reserves have resulted in escalating drilling completion and workover costs per unit of gas produced. This in turn force
ng flowback and produced water to reduce costs handling the logistics of getting enough water to hydraulically fracture the well as well as
eans of production enhancement from tight gas reservoirs. The first optimum fracture design (OFD) approach which maximizes well produ
deliverability and what the optimum fracture half-length is as a function of geological setting and stress state.ï¿½ The application and appro
andstone formations located in Bachaquero Tï¿½a Juana and Lagunillas fields in West Venezuela. This technique combines stimulation a
rlying water zones by a weak stress barrier. Operating and service companies alike applied various techniques to prevent the breakthroug
d methods to consider for placement fractures. Optimization of the completion process including the number and size of fractures is still a c
vertical and deviated wells offering the advantage of maximized reservoir contact higher production rates and better access to reserves. Ho
ne of the main gas producers in Argentina. The completion programs of Aguada Pichana wells imply the stimulation of Middle Mulichinco Fo
se wells are commonly not considered as good candidates for matrix stimulation. Water based treating fluids would enter preferentially into
eology and low permeability are the common denominator in todayâ€™s environment. Developing reserves under these conditions with co
conomic operation of their valuable assets. Large quantities of reserv OnePetro OnePetro
chieve maximum reservoir contact to maximize well productivity. This strategy has proven very successful over the past few years as the m
environment emphasis is placed on OnePetro
OnePetro
sure losses caused by these phenomena are accepted widely to be of great significance in most gas-well completions in the United States
ely 30 000 bopd and is on decline. A joint team from ONGC and Schlumberger carried out a rigorous process of candidate selection fractu
ormance of a vertically fractured well located in a closed rectangularly bounded reservoir.ï¿½ The solution for dimensionless productivity in
ions exhibit a non planar or complex set of micro seismic events. Thi OnePetro
companies have gathered significant amount of experience and knowledge. The sweeping success of hydraulic fracturing in Western Siberi
The evolution of the completion technique has reached the point th OnePetro OnePetro
. This new method placed sliding sleeve valves in the casing string and completed the well with normal cementing operations. The sliding s
valves in the casing string and complete the well with normal cementing operations. The sliding sleeves would then be opened one at a tim
programs used with soft rock formations often do not provide satisfactory treatment designs. Difficulties emerge because hydraulic fracturin
ut the use of polymer additives.ï¿½VES fluids do not form polymer filter-cake and thus viscous resistance of the fluid flowing through the
Olmos production in the Caterina SW field in Texas. The reservoir is OnePetro
g a solids-free liquid CO2 foam-based visco-elastic surfactant (VES) fluid system in Morrow Sand reservoirs located in Southeast New Mex
six to ten barrels of water. The production of water results in increas OnePetro
he creation of effective fracture length requires that sufficient fracture conductivity be developed to allow effective fracture fluid cleanup. It is
his area was not promising. Well Raguba E-97 in this area was not producin
OnePetro
mprove its prediction performance. However the effect of cleanup in tight OnePetro
ementation of acid fracturing treatment in Marrat field. The acid fracturing treatment is quite challenging due to presence of high pressure/h
ack completions exhibit positive skin values and traditional hydraulic fracture completions show discrepancies between the placed propped
ms by invasion of fracturing fluid OnePetro
ï¿½ This existing technology is being utilized in new and innovative ways to provide operators a clearer picture of the fracture development
avior are related to the characteristics of the porous media and ar OnePetro
ccurate borehole deviation surveys for hydraulic fracture monitoring (HFM) and neglecting the effects of the deviating borehole trajectory. F
rface tiltmeter fracture mapping was performed on ten wells in two areas of the field and over 100 fracture treatments were mapped. The fr
eer can be overwhelmed with the selection of completion fluids perforation strategy and treatment size as well as coordination of frac crew
out nonuniform dissolution along the fracture face the fracture will close after pumping ceases and little lasting conductivity will be created
d development strategy. The correct estimation of the fracture dimension is critical to maximize the recovery factor of heterogeneous reserv
out the fracture height (near-wellbore vertical coverage) of proppant-packed fractures. The existing tracer technology has a number of safety
wo producing horizons of Juras OnePetro
ervoirs there is still no simple practical production forecasting methodology for hydraulically propped fracturing stimulations for the gas an
ne reservoir using a numerical model. The fracture was explicitly modeled as a set of high-conductivity cells. At the gas velocities normal
formations under downhole reservoir conditions a severe pressure drop occurs at the tip of the fracture and a lag zone develops due to flu
uch as regular in-situ gelled and emulsified acids have been used in order to achieve optimum fracture length and conductivity. Acids use
model used in this work is a practical alternative to estimate the degree of stimulation by means of a Stimulation Index (SD) and for evaluat
Ridge (SR) #698-22-1 well Williams Fork Formation (Late Cretaceous) Garfield County western Piceance Basin western Colorado. Produ
ure orientations were identified through a combination of alignment of event locations polarization of the seismic waves and injection detail
tions are available for potential deployment in new wells especially OnePetro
for well completion. Various models have been developed to predict the onset of proppant flowback but the physics of the phenomenon ha
studied by taking into account the production induced stress field surrounding the initial fracture. It is shown that the propagation pressure o
displacement of fluids from subterranean environment. Entrapment of residual fluid by the displacing one lowers down the displacement qua
devoted to study their performance under different prevailing conditions.
OnePetro
D OnePetro
excessive fracture length may lead to an earlier than desired increase in water cut. Uncertainty in propped fracture dimension is related to th
ustry Project active since the year 2002. It is well documented in the literature that hydraulic fractures although successful often underpe
ustry Project active since the year 2002. It is well documented in the liOnePetro
This paper is a look back after five years of operation.ï¿½ It includes OnePetro
hteen producers and one gas injector to be completed in more than 4 300 ft of water depth. In order to maintain the oil production target for
â€“ Carmï¿½polis and Sirizinho Fields â€“ on the revitalization of the oil production. The purpose of this work is to demonstrate the benefits
o reproduce their effects on fracture growth using numerical hydraulic fracture models. Such offsets have long been recognized as sites of r
tive of the initiative is to increase the ultimate recovery in their respective chalk assets to 60%. Analyzing the different production technolog
nsiderable effort has been directed towards understanding of flow around hydraulically fractured wells especially for tight gas reservoirs. How
s producing principally from a Devonian age carbonate reservoir this limestone formation having an average porosity of 8 to 12% and perm
as sands with large hydraulic fracturing treatments requires cost effective and time saving operations. Traditional large fracturing jobs are u
y by describing recent developments for readers who are not specialists in the topics discussed. Written by individuals recognized as exper
can severely limit oil production and reservoir drive energy. In this paper we will use a coupled reservoir-well model to demonstrate that oil
ift a well. The gas lift gas is produced downhole and bled into the production tubing via an auto gas lift valve designed for gas operations. T
ate gas fields currently on production with several more in planning stages. All of the wells require sand control and this has resulted in five
llbore matrix thereby reducing gas (and water) coning or eliminating gas leakage to the surface. Experiments at micro- and macro-scale le
rmer has been studied extensively recently but the understanding of the latter is limited. High-velocity gas flow in single phase has been st
ations is a questionable procedure. It is necessary to remove not only the filter cake at the well bore face but more importantly the low pe
ions. As nominally horizontal wells get longer and follow more complicated trajectories wellbore hydrodynamics becomes an important issu
eliver the required rates to support offtake and achieve voidage replacement. Thus horizontal wells are often selected to provide better swe
clipsed with open-hole technology. These completions have allowed multiple zones to be fractured and the benefits of utilizing open-hole h
clipsed with open-hole technology. These completions have allowed multiple zones to be fractured and the benefits of utilizing open-hole h
is preferred to maximize reservoir productivity. Some questions that always come up for this type of wells are: will it be necessary to cleanu
is preferred to maximize reservoir productivity. Some questions that always come up for this type of wells are: will it be necessary to cleanu
North Slope of Alaska and one of the first in the world. The purposes of this paper are to examine why this completion technique was sele
e smart and two problematic conventional long and tortuous horizontal wells in Brunei. Following a detailed hydraulic analysis of these we
cause the existing Anti-Agglomerants Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitor (AA LDHI) used during extended shutdowns and cold restarts is effect
age the gas flow efficiency to the well. Not only is the gas well productivity affected by fluid but also velocity. The conventional theory to ana
surveillance and interventions in horizontal and TAML level 2 multilat OnePetro
erform an intervention to collect data. One of the commercial permanent monitoring technologies is the fiber-optic DTS which can record th
ay 2004. The completion includes one on/off and three variable downhole chokes for controlling injection rate into each of the four zones. T
lows commingled oil production from multi-laterals wells in Shaybah inside expandable liner.Slim intelligent completions technology has bee
zed oil and gas fields to the world's second deepest permanently moored production facility. Production from 12 subsea wells in water dep
y reservoir situations. However they are still susceptible to coning toward the heel of the well despite their maximizing of reservoir contact.
ing towards the heel (water can breakthrough anywhere in the well not only at the heel due to permeability (K) variation and proximity of wa
sing Interval Control Valves (ICVs) with the installation of flow monitoring devices. The â€œAdded Value for an IW is dependent on the nu
evolved from intervention-less completion for sub-sea wells to new applications where intelligent completions are delivering better wells thro
ation of appropriate flow monitoring devices to improve well and field performance management. Zonal flow control can maximise produce
der facility constraints. Agbami field a highly-dipping reservoir with many producing zones and few wells will use an intelligent well system
nologies that allows commingled oil production from quad laterals wells in Abqaiq field. Many intelligent completions wells have been succes
to properly incorporating the impact of reservoir uncertainty. Most optimization methods are model-based and are effective only if the mode
bility rock (Colton sandstone) are presented. The focus of this experimental study was to assess the effects of discontinuities on hydraulic fr
bility rock (Colton sandstone) are presented. The focus of this experimental study was to assess the effects of discontinuities on hydraulic fr
reduce gas mobility. The nature of the gas and the surfactant may influence foaming behavior and thus the efficiency of the foam. In this pa
ect of the core heterogeneity. In the frame of the model presented in a parent paper in the conference we assume that the bubble generati
pulation foam model and provide a detailed experimental validation. We present systematic experiments consisting of the co-injection of N2
wellâ€™s flowing conditions to determine if the well is experiencing liquid loading problems. Literature detailing the critical velocity necessa
significantly declined with high water-cut. The well was shut down and then brought back to production observing much reduced flow rate f
o longer carried to surface. The liquids accumulate in the well bore increasing the sand face pressure. This further reduces the inflow so th
izing gas production from existing wells. In most gas wells water and/o OnePetro
energy is insufficient to transport liquid particles to surface liquid falls back and builds up a hydrostatic column in the wellbore that balance
though virtually all of the worldâ€™s gas wells are either at risk of or suffering from liquid loading the modeling of liquid loading behavior i
ed methane is that the ultimate recovery is dependent on economic removal of liquids accumulation generally termed â€œdeliquification. T
are insufficient to lift liquids out of wellbores. Various technologies to artificially lift liquid associated with gas production exist however in o
e depletes and gas velocity decreases. Below the critical rate liquids cannot be lifted from the wellbore and instead settle to the bottom. At
ination of the following characteristics: a) they use external energy b) they use consumables and c) they restrict gas production. This pape
pressures liquid accumulation liquid fallback and the resistance force to the plunger. The characteristics of the tubing and casing pressur
well is responsible for well-productivity decline and left untreated will eventually result in the well loading up and ceasing to produce. Subme
very long horizontal wells (2000 to 20 000 feet of reservoir section.) These wells are often acid stimulated to remove drilling fluid filter cakes
eservoirs and â€œheavy oil from weakly consolidated formations. In the 1990s the technique was applied to conventional wells where ma
surements with nodal analysis evaluation. This allows the effects of vaOnePetro
mprove the appraisal process and avoid unnecessary expenditure. At the same time an accurate reservoir characterization is the key to su
de with an increase in depletion water cut or changes in the artificial lift mechanism used to produce the hydrocarbon. Sanding is detrimen
ensity while minimizing perforation damage.ï¿½ However in tight carbonate reservoirs creating deep and clean perforations may still not b
us exposing the formation to potentially damaging kill fluid. To obtain a perforation tunnel with maximum productivity this transition requires
ning highly deviated and long section of horizontal wells under live condition where slickline and E-line have difficulties. This paper presen
main productive zones are the Merecure and San Juan formations which are sandstones characterized by their high permeabilities (100 -
hnique based on reservoir and well simulation of a typical HVO reservoir e.g. Peace River field and theoretical calculations. The issues tha
he HZ oil and gas fields operating as the CACT Operators Group (CACT) in the South China Sea. The HZ fields are stacked thin high-per
ware tool to guide and advise them.ï¿½ It needed to address selecting the optimum perforating system for given well and formation properti
on in designing the preceding perforating job. Aligning the perforations along the direction of maximum geological stress known as the pre
on in designing the preceding perforating job. Aligning the perforations along the direction of maximum geological stress known as the pre
leted with the drilling rig until it is acidï¿½stimulated using a multi purpose barge and put on production. Some wells inï¿½ADMA OPCO fie
El Trapial wells are characterized by stratified shallow- to medium-depth reservoirs with permeabilities of 35md to 85md and porosities of 1
s are typified by significant porosity and permeability heterogeneities such that large fluid loss zones are commonly encountered while drillin
s are typified by significant porosity and permeability heterogeneities such that large fluid loss zones are commonly encountered while drillin
ent operations. Underbalanced perforating (UBP) which is widely used in well completions induces transient fluid flow that provides an opp
s. Well trajectory temperatures and fluids can create uncertainties on both depth control and the accuracy of hydrostatic cushion before firi
s. However in high angle/horizontal wells it has become a major undertaking due to inability of the gravity-assisted electric line to convey p
y cause excessive damage or swell to its carrier. Comprehensive understanding of the post-perforating conditions of the perforator or perfo
d permeability impairment commonly referred to as the â€œnear wellbOnePetro
rges against those created with conventional liner charges. Three of the tests involved shots into an outcrop carbonate rock called Indiana L
ng and completion induced permeability impairment commonly referred to as the â€œnear wellbore damaged zone. This connection throug
cterising the velocity of chemical reaction and the formation damage coefficient reflecting permeability decrease due to salt precipitation. W
alt precipitation determined typical values of kinetics reaction coefficient from corefloods and what the impact would be on productivity im
s an opportunity for a water drive when applied during waterflooding.ï¿½The required rate of produced water reinjection can be anticipated
ce because it provides a method of OnePetro
reservoir contact (MRC) wells. One of the objectives behind this strategy is to improve the well productivity by maximizing oil production an
solidation the large percentage of fines present in the reservoir the heavy oil the low frac gradients the low net-to-gross ratio the low bott
d productivity throughout a wellâ€™s lifecycle. This paper discusses the many challenges encountered during the planning and completion
tely 2 650 ft true vertical depth (TVD). An appraisal/early-producer well with a deviated wellbore was drilled through the H1 H2 targets and
783 in the Gulf of Mexico. The wells target multiple zones resulting in complex directional wells with 50ï¿½-60ï¿½ maximum hole-angles. T
783 in the Gulf of Mexico. The wells target multiple zones resulting in complex directional wells with 50â€“60ï¿½ maximum hole angles. T
utions are available to enhance there production to an economically feasible level. The Hawtah field (see Figure 1) discovered in the late 19
mpletion interventions were successfully implemented in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico Petronius field setting both Gulf of Mexico and worl
sults have been calibrated with production data. Both maximum allowable drawdown and depletion increase with depth. Additionally orient
gency fluid-loss control (FLC) pill formulation to withstand 4 600-psi burst resistance pressure. In maturing deepwater fields such as Shell
approximately 2 650 ft true vertical depth (TVD). An appraisal early-producer well was drilled with a deviated wellbore through the H1/H2 ta
83 in the Gulf of Mexico. The wells produce primarily from thick fi OnePetro
783 in the Gulf of Mexico. The wells produce primarily from thick fine-grained Pleistocene reservoirs. Because of the long lengths of the p
e field discovered in 1986 currently has 9 wells completed and 13 drainage points. Well A-4L is one of the completed intervals on the S7000
o gain a better understanding of Sand Control Completion (SCC) sys OnePetro
plete annular packs and zero mechanical skin factors resulting in well productivity indices that are significantly greater than expected. The
A Chevron offshore gas reservoir will be developed with high-angle near-horizontal wells with openhole gravel packs completion (OHGP) for
irs in Brazil. Gravel pack placement requirements include the design of pumping pressures inside the operational window formed by the mi
l. Gravel pack placement requiremen OnePetro
acking (OHGP).ï¿½ Though gravel packing is a proven method to stabilize the well bore controlling sand and maximizing productivity it ent
plete annular packs and zero mechanical skin factors resulting in well productivity indices that are significantly greater than expected. The
d control. The lower zone was complet OnePetro
nted or sub-horizontal wells through several shale bodies to obtain high gas rate performances during the production and the injection cycle
eliver high-productivity wells. Currently there are two techniques used for gravel placement one utilizing low-viscosity carrier fluids and low
control wells. Four field developments are challenging the conventional approach to completing long sand control zones by using newer tec
region of Argentina. These fields are prolific gas producers and are being developed with a reduced number of wells with departures of up
technology in recent years horizontal wells with lengths ranging from 2 000 to 6 000 ft have become more common. Executing these open
acking is the preferred sand control technique adopted by many operators in this region. It is considered one of the proven methods of san
ecent experience in extended-reach drilling also indicates that ineff OnePetro OnePetro
ation on two offshore applications. Results are presented detailing specific placement procedures in-situ treatment design and productivity
ole gravel-pack job depends on the ability to effectively pack perforation tunnels which act as conduits between the reservoir and the wellbo
le gravel-pack job depends on the ability to effectively pack perforation tunnels which act as conduits between the reservoir and the wellbo
S1U S1L and S2U sands at ~9200 ft TVD. After a pre-drill sand prediction the well was cased and perforated without sand control but the
k to a floating production facility. Nine horizontal oil producers and four S-shaped gas producers are planned and all will require some form
th respect to sand control equipment and implementation. However even properly designed and executed completions are subject to mech
alasia. This recent technology was simultaneously applied in a production well and a water injection well and served as a demonstration of
he need to have a rig on location. To date six screenless completions have been performed for a major operator in the Gulf of Mexico. Eac
he need to have a rig on location. To date six screenless completions have been performed for a major operator in the Gulf of Mexico. Eac
n proposed in the past including various solutions based on perm OnePetro
onshore steamflood operations in the world. Producing heavy oil (approximately 25ï¿½API) from an essentially unconsolidated reservoir w
ay. A large part of these challenges have been caused by reactive shales interbedding the sand bodies. This has had a persistent influence
ed to the surface facilities for different operational scenarios. Sand quantification estimation is still novel in the industry and this paper desc
y turbiditic reservoirs. Today in Girassol which includes also Jasmin reservoir 29 wells have been completed and connected to production
such a situation it is very important to be able to determine the expected sand rate as well as the amount of sand produced during the life
OnePetro
d to light oil and gas reservoirs the equations controlling generation of eroded solid mass or sand release rate are vastly simplified4-11 nec
specific case of Lunskoye to minimise risk of failure while maximisingOnePetro OnePetro
d to the field. The sanding severely impaired the performance of field and consequently led to significant economic loss. AGOCO recogniz
e following approach: (1) carry out detailed evaluation or determination of reservoir formation strength distribution using core testing log dat
Beijing 5-7 December 2006. Abstract Sand production is a major concern for many operators. It can impact production cause erosion in
Beijing 5-7 December 2006. Abstract Sand production is a major concern for many operators. It can impact production cause erosion in
ed accompanying obstruction of production for majority of production wells since the onset of production indicating possible sanding issue
ed accompanying obstruction of production for majority of production wells since the onset of production indicating possible sanding issue
ible mechanisms have been proposed. This paper presents the results of a series of laboratory perforation-collapse tests aimed at demons
ible mechanisms have been proposed. This paper presents the results of a series of laboratory perforation-collapse tests aimed at demons
ile the conventional sanding models generally consider a single-mechanism for sanding namely the critical depletion resulting in rock disag
ile the conventional sanding models generally consider a single-mechanism for sanding namely the critical depletion resulting in rock disag
bility and gas content. The compositional variation in produced gas is also not everywhere predictable although in most fields produced gas
ative to make decisions with regard to the most optimum completion type objectively and based on reliable assessment of the sanding pote
ative to make decisions with regard to the most optimum completion type objectively and based on reliable assessment of the sanding pote
lopment team did not opt a priori for gravel packs in every well. Whi OnePetro
shut in two subsea and one dry tree in a mature BP operated Gulf of Mexico deepwater field. The three wells involved in this operation ha
ts the sanding rate in real time. Experimental data on hollow cylinder samples (HCS) are used to support the validity of the numerical mode
ts the sanding rate in real time. Experimental data on hollow cylinder samples (HCS) are used to support the validity of the numerical mode
during the lifetime of a reservoir but they are unable to predict whet OnePetro OnePetro
ction in pore pressure. In weak but consolidated sandstones this can lead to shear failure in the rock surrounding the perforations and th
evelopment in offshore Peninsular Malaysia. The objectives of the study were 1) to develop strategies to maintain mechanical and time-dep
from HP/HT reservoirs.ï¿½ The Elgin/Franklin Field is located 240 kilometres east of Aberdeen in the Central Graben Area of the North S
of the Viking Graben structure. It comprises a sequence of fault-bounded structural units of varying geological complexity. Within these units
al wells have been reviewed. The methods have been compared against the experimental data obtained on an electrolytic apparatus and t
actor model for perforated horizontal wells. In this paper we present the mathematical model development and validation by comparison wi
-friction and solids-suspension (fracturing and CT-cleanout) characteristics of the fluid. In the last 4 years the application of viscoelastic su
wellbore. Depth of penetration of live acid is the critical factor in determining the success of an acid-fracturing treatment. Depth of penetratio
ry scale in acid fracture conductivity tests that mimic the conditions in an actual acid fracture treatment. We conducted a series of acid fract
wellbore. Depth of penetration of live acid is the critical factor in determining the success of an acid-fracturing treatment. Depth of penetratio
es over the last several years. The Khuff formation is a deep gas carbonate reservoir that is ideally suited for acid fracturing. During acid fra
tes over the last several years. The Khuff formation is a deep gas carbonate reservoir that is ideally suited for acid fracturing. During acid fr
o (GOM) in recent years.ï¿½ï¿½ The uses of VES diverters range from remedial matrix-acid or nonacid-cleanup treatments to use before g
ing-conveyed fracturing technique. The logistical challenges that were overcome during the completion of the project will also be discussed
treatments of carbonate formations in various fields. ï¿½The decrease of acid concentration during the spending process viscosifies the flu
diverting acid system to evaluate the effectiveness of this system in achieving diversion and zonal coverage in large limestone reservoirs.
of calculating the value that can be OnePetro

nes. Various forms of hydrochloric acid (HCL) are used to create deep etched fractures. However regular HCl reacts very fast with limeston
diverting acid system to evaluate the effectiveness of this system in achieving diversion and zonal coverage in large limestone reservoirs.
ckstone limestone with a bottomhole static temperature (BHST) of about 150ï¿½F. The formation permeability often exceeds one darcy. T
h of the horizontal wells make acid placement and diversion difficult particularly in high-water-cut (WC) wells in which water has broken thr
oil price remains record high. Matrix stimulation is often preferred as it could generate additional production gain with relatively low level of in
de precipitation is a major requirement during acidizing treatm OnePetro
he stimulation process is much more complex because factors such as reservoir heterogeneity damage to each zone matrix mineralogical
ever there are two major drawbacks associated with using concentrated HCl solutions in deep wells. The first is its high reaction rate with ca
have been dead for sometimes due to high water cut (60 to 80%). In allOnePetro
ulation and gravel-pack fluid leakoff under static conditions. This method details step-by-step procedure for making fluids and measuring lea
o as high as one Darcy.ï¿½ However the production from this formation OnePetro
is o
most prolific reservoir is the Caballos Formation a thick (250 ft avg.) laminated sandstone located at a depth of 6100 to 7500 ft that has p
tire zone of interest. Successful matrix treatments depend on the uniform distribution of the treating fluid over the entire interval. When fluids
e-scale fracturing and coiled tubing operations have been on-going for the past six years.ï¿½ In the mainly brown fields tertiary recovery m
pressure. The decline in productivity is due to near-well accumulation of condensate in the reservoir rock which is significant even for well
ome of acid stimulation treatments which are routinely performed to improve well productivity.ï¿½ However most previous studies reported
fshore carbonate reservoirs. The exploitation of these reserves involves drilling horizontal wells for maximizing reservoir contact and hydroc
ment in the near wellbore region of a mature oil producing well. The study is divided into several parts where various factors which affect the
tes a fracture having higher fracture conductivity and/or penetrating an area of higher pore pressure than the previous fracture. Refracturing
”due to the low formation permeability and rock propertiesâ€”and have been proven effective but still not perfect. Limitations on the amoun
e more sensitive to water treatments (high capillary pressure swelling clays etc). In particular the Frontier Formation located in Bighorn Ba
”due to the low formation permeability and rock propertiesâ€”and have been proven effective but still not perfect. Limitations on the amoun
voir-specific approach to maximize production. Integrated solutions use a performance-based process that integrates petrophysical and re
wells drops below the dew point of the hydrocarbon fluid. Many of these gas reservoirs also have some water accumulation near the wells. T
der of 10 md or less). The current practice centers mainly on hydraulicOnePetro

f OnePetro
ater/condensate) is trapped near the wellbore due to strong capillary foOnePetro
ater/condensate) is trapped near the wellbore due to strong capillary foOnePetro
m adjacent wells presenting a challenge for the operating company. Greater oil demand coupled with limited surface water handling facilitie
of intelligent (I-)well completions. The benefits from these more expensive completions will be realized through increased reserves generate
90â€™s. Downhole flow-control (DHFC) as it has become known has since been installed in hundreds of wells. However there has been
90â€™s. Downhole flow-control (DHFC) as it has become known has since been installed in hundreds of wells. However there has been
operations but they have considerable impact on injection well performance and longevity. Mismanaged they can result in substantial and
of a vertical well (VW) due to its greater exposure to the reservoir. However the costs of drilling and completion are more and the options f
a more efficient manner. This paper will review the drilling and data acquisition strategies to successfully deliver a challenging deepwater de
uation program. The effectiveness of these tools and their evaluations are often challenged and are not regarded as a replacement for rese
uation program. The effectiveness of these tools and their evaluations are often challenged and are not regarded as a replacement for rese
Detailed design Detailed well-by-well review for first round candidate selection. Fundamental data collection (well data pressure formatio
cated in the southernmost compartments of the reservoir Extended Reach Drilling (ERD) was implemented. Six ERD wells have been drille
low wormholes to penetrate deep into the reservoir hence extending the effective wellbore drainage radius. The wormholes created by a re
n rate from one of the offshore fields while optimizing offshore producing facilities. This offshore field has favourable conditions for ESP app
alled the C sand to generate greater drawdown on a less productive lower zone called the A sand. Formation powered jet pumps increase
re are huge cost implications in the implementation of gas lift on several offshore jackets. New facilities for gas lift operation entails the inst
ell characteristics over the life of a well. This paper presents a case study on artificial lift selection strategy for unloading liquid from gas we
ream downhole via open-ended tubing or nozzles which if not properly sized can result in operational issues such as fluid / gas slugging a
xtensive research and ground work. All the systems have proven their worth by increasing the productivity of the field by many folds. But ea
mpletion length the longer drilling time the potentially increased overbalance and the reduced cleanup efficiency caused by the heal-toe e
export up to 700 MMscf/D of lean gas to a LNG plant in Darwin. The initial development called for 16 North Sea-style 7 in. monobore wells
he shallow unconsolidated sand stone reservoirs. The main challenge in terms of completion architecture was to maximize the well head fl
thickness product) and selectively perforating zones or reservoirs to offset the permeability contrast. At the outset a value-of-information ex
d this has resulted in five sandface completion types (Open Hole Gravel Pack Cased Hole Frac Pack Cased Hole Gravel Pack Stand Alo
ere emerged a necessity to develop the oil-water zones and marginal areas zones with poor reservoir properties and minor reservoirs in o
D) of 1 400 m. The original development project for this field did not include sand control for the initially forecasted production rates. Howev
ns. The sliding sleeve valves are opened one at a time to fracture layers independently without perforating. Completions using these casin
ons and low layer inclinations. The main hydrocarbon accumulation is found in the Sarmatian formation (Base Cretaceous Paleorelif) at the
e also gained acceptance as a proven reservoir management and well completion method. Production improvement factors (compared to c
nhibitor squeeze treatments for optimum scale control. Putting various amounts of metal ions in the inhibitor pill adds another degree of free
ork has been the evaluation of the conditions for which the well outflow velocity is less than that which would be required to continuously tra
ork has been the evaluation of the conditions for which the well outflow velocity is less than that which would be required to continuously tra
ï¿½ Thus this reservoir must be exploited using horizontal wells in all areas.ï¿½ In areas where fractures may not be dominant it is crucia
ï¿½ Thus this reservoir must be exploited using horizontal wells in all areas.ï¿½ In areas where fractures may not be dominant it is crucia
wn to be capable of automatically controlling the area open to flow of multiple ICVs to achieve a specified production rate. A black box mod
nd completed as a proof of concept. It was completed as a trilateral and was equipped with a SC that encompasses surface remotely contro
s and selective perforations have been used to mitigate the disparities in water encroachment over the reservoir interval. Recently comple
ell was drilled and completed as a proof of concept. It was set up as a trilateral and was equipped with an SC that encompassed a surface-r
. We propose a workflow in which the production engineer relies on measurements to determine the flow rate and pressure values and on m
mprove the well productivity by providing maximum reservoir contact minimizing operating costs lowering the pressure drawdown and max
d also the higher degree of cleaning and liquid removal obtained in laboratory and field studies are interfacial tension reduction and the m
ocument the first application of inflow control devices in the UK sector of the North Sea. This application took place on a 4 288 ft horizont
eliability of the pumping system. However DESPs potentially can address a much wider range of reservoir management challenges. This pa
vel pack. The initial well (CAN01) has produced at 333 MMcf/D. These rates are higher than typically experienced which has raised concern
velop and apply a new concept for well completion involving ESP systems tubing-conveyed perforating (TCP) drillstem testing (DST) and
fetime modeling with parameter combinations employing all available data. The analysis explicitly accounts for ESPs that are still operation
However the knowledge of rheology and hydraulics of polymer-thickened foams is still limited. This paper summarizes the significant effec
pen-to-flow areas. Furthermore the compounded effects of formation damage and non-Darcy flow on the fluid flow towards slotted-liners mu
ased have been used in an attempt to achieve optimum fracture length and conductivity.ï¿½ Acids used for these treatments have been typ
sidered the best completion option based on rock mechanics improved profile surveillance and cost. The original Alpine field development
sidered the best completion option based on rock mechanics improved profile surveillance and cost. The original Alpine field development
screenout (TSO) propped-fracture treatments containing 70 million pounds of proppant. The target oil bearing Tor and Ekofisk intervals ran
ess there is now accelerating the transfer of technology to the North Dakota side of the Bakken trend and is attracting several new and exis
ne. These hydraulic fracturing difficulties created a niche for technologies that offer fracture-geometry control without sacrificing proppant-p
n with the formation results in excessive fluid loss. Controlling fluid loss is one of the key objectives in acid fracturing treatments to be able to
aign of four fracturing treatments. It demonstrated good proppant carrying capabilities and allowed decrease of polymer load without increas
e sand control is a part of well management during the production life of the wells. Previous techniques of open hole external gravel packin
is value must be balanced with the cost of the additives which can be significant in slickwater fracturing treatments. There is a range of diff
ameter controlling fracture height growth and that Youngâ€™s modulus contrast is less important. However a recent study pointed out tha
ave a significant impact in maintaining well productivity in the later production life stages of unconsolidated reservoirs. Thus sustaining the
roduced. This in turn forced industry to focus on increasing efficiency by refining completion processes and field operations to make wells c
acture the well as well as complying with stricter governmental regulations. As produced water is recycled and used in fracturing application
ich maximizes well productivity for a given fracture volume was introduced by Prats in 1960 for single-phase Darcy flow systems. This met
The application and appropriate modification of basin best practices and the application of technology for reservoir characterization can sho
ue combines stimulation and sand production control in a single treatment by placing a short and wide fracture which bypasses the near-we
o prevent the breakthrough of hydraulic fractures into the underlying water zone but so far without clear success. The paper describes a te
size of fractures is still a challenge. Although fundamentally similar to fracturing vertical wells horizontal well fracturing has unique aspects
er access to reserves. However most of these horizontal wells are completed openhole with little alternatives for stimulation water shutoff
n of Middle Mulichinco Formation (primary target) through hydraulic fractures. Mulichinco Formation is 30 to 80 meters thick and has a vari
uld enter preferentially into zones with high water saturations leaving oil zones untreated with a final result of increasing overall water prod
r these conditions with conventional vertical wells is in most cases uneconomical. In this setting horizontal wells have come to mitigate the
e past few years as the majority of the horizontal gas producers have yielded excellent results with open-hole completions in particular. Co
tions in the United States and elsewhere (Palisch et al. 2007; Forchheimer 1901; Milton-Tayler 1993a; Penny and Jin 1995; Flowers et al. 2
candidate selection fracture design and implementation of fit-for-purpose technologies. 10 candidate wells were selected and the target zo
ensionless productivity index of a finite-conductivity vertically fractured well in a closed rectangularly bounded reservoir and the correspond
acturing in Western Siberia organically expanded to projects in Tymen-Pechora and Volga-Urals basin. Both basins are geologically litholog
operations. The sliding sleeves were opened one at a time to fracture layers independently without perforating. The valves have a unique
en be opened one at a time to fracture layers independently without perforating. The possibility of high fracture initiation pressures is iden
because hydraulic fracturing in soft rock involves development of a plastic zone near the fracture surface where rocks partly lose their cohe
e fluid flowing through the rock matrix primarily governs fluid loss.ï¿½This has historically limited the application to fracturing reservoirs with
ed in Southeast New Mexico (SENM).ï¿½ The wells discussed in the paper were completed in various Morrow Sand intervals around 10 5
fracture fluid cleanup. It is also fairly well understood that occasionally conventional cross-linked gel fracture stimulations do not create the
esence of high pressure/high temperature and high asphaltene content in the crude oil which renders the situation even more difficult becau
ween the placed propped length and the effective production fracture length. Ineffective fracture clean-up is often cited as a likely culprit. T
the fracture development.ï¿½ This information can be combined with other fracture diagnostic techniques and along with sound engineeri
ting borehole trajectory. For common HFM geometries a 2ï¿½ deviation uncertainty of the positions of monitoring or treatment well surveys
ents were mapped. The fracture mapping study was performed as part of a pilot project to evaluate ten-acre well spacing. The Jonah Field
coordination of frac crews.ï¿½ In the end however the primary characteristic of the treatment that provides any economic benefit is a con
onductivity will be created. Despite this critical role of differential etching in the creation of fracture conductivity little is known about the text
r of heterogeneous reservoir developed with water flood. Three main uncertainties exist: fracture height half-length and azimuth. Commerc
gy has a number of safety and environmental issues that must be addressed when using this technology as part of a fracturing treatment. T
stimulations for the gas and gas-condensate wells in the Western Siberian Arctic sector. The candidate selection process including produ
the gas velocities normally encountered in hydraulic fracture proppant packs non-Darcy pressure drops dominate and the apparent propp
g zone develops due to fluid cavitation. Properly taking into account the controlling parameters of tip behavior has resulted in more accurate
nd conductivity. Acids used for these treatments were based on 28 wt% HCl. A mixture of 15 wt% HCl and 9 wt% formic acid was used in w
ndex (SD) and for evaluating the efficiency of wells with low conductivity hydraulically induced fractures. We utilize the dimensionless produ
western Colorado. Production from very low permeability Williams Fork gas sandstones requires fracture stimulation to enhance wellbore-
waves and injection details. Stimulation below the fault indicated a near-horizontal fracture geometry. Above the fault a near-vertical fractur
cs of the phenomenon has still to be understood to predict the amount of proppant flowback during the life of a well. In particular determinin
he propagation pressure of the orthogonal fracture quickly increases to above the closure stress on the initial fracture due to the fracture pen
own the displacement quality leaving most of residual viscous fluid in porous matrix. The present paper provides the data on hydraulic frac
e dimension is related to the distribution of stresses and elastic properties as well as fluid leak off. Those factors have strong implication on
successful often underperform: Frac and Pack completions exhibit positive skin values and traditional hydraulic fracture completions show
he oil production target for this field the water injection rate should double the target oil rate. To achieve this water must be injected into the
demonstrate the benefits of applying an integrated analysis for a hydraulic fracturing evaluation that is performed using a workflow includin
n recognized as sites of restricted width in the fracture channel potentially leading both to significant pressure drops and to proppant bridg
erent production technology options used in the assets thus far was the next step in better understanding the different recovery increment o
or tight gas reservoirs. However there has been no report of a study of flow behaviour within propped fractured porous media for these low
sity of 8 to 12% and permeabilities ranging from 1 to 200 mD. The wells are completed as cased-hole with a 7inch liner through the reserv
arge fracturing jobs are usually pumped down 5.5 or 4.5 casing to meet the requirement of high pumping rate (30~55bpm). Post-frac snubb
duals recognized as experts in the area these articles provide key references to more definitive work and present specific details only to illu
del to demonstrate that oil production can be increased by using controlled inflow from a gas cone as a natural lift.ï¿½ This model was deve
gned for gas operations. The value of auto gas lift is probably easier to demonstrate than for other types of intelligent well because it provide
d this has resulted in five sandface completion types (Open Hole Gravel Pack Cased Hole Frac Pack Cased Hole Gravel Pack Stand Alo
micro- and macro-scale levels were performed to: a) provide a detailed understanding of emulsion flow and blocking mechanism b) set crite
single phase has been studied thoroughly by a large number of authors. Despite the fact that high-velocity coefficient in the presence of an
ore importantly the low permeability crushed zone created during the drilling operation. To achieve uniform treatment of the entire openho
ecomes an important issue on well performance. In this paper we will discuss a problem in horizontal wells - the elevation change in well tr
cted to provide better sweep efficiency and achieve higher injection rates than conventional vertical injectors. However studies from Prudh
ts of utilizing open-hole horizontal completion technology have been well documented. The efficiencies and benefits of utilizing open-hole c
ts of utilizing open-hole horizontal completion technology have been well documented. The efficiencies and benefits of utilizing open-hole c
it be necessary to cleanup the mud and filtercake from the openhole section before or while starting production? Will the filtercake disperse
it be necessary to cleanup the mud and filtercake from the openhole section before or while starting production? Will the filtercake disperse
letion technique was selected and identify key parameters that favored its successful application in the Colville River field. The optimal com
aulic analysis of these wells a good match with field measurements was obtained. Simulation results show that the problems in the conven
and cold restarts is effective only up to 50% water cut. Because more time and resources would be required to bring a new AA LDHI more
onventional theory to analyze the phenomena associated at rate dependent is commonly interpreted using Isochronal or flow-after-flow tes
DTS which can record the wellbore temperature profile in real time with decent accuracy and resolution. A key potential application for DT
each of the four zones. The completion also includes three downhole optical flowmeters and three optical pressure and temperature gauge
etions technology has been successfully installed in Shaybah field operated by Saudi Aramco. Included in the description are equipment se
ubsea wells in water depths ranging from 5800 to 7000 feet is routed to the production host through three flowline loops and one separate
izing of reservoir contact. This is due to frictional pressure drop and/or permeability variations along the well. Annular flow leading to severe
riation and proximity of water traps). Furthermore conventional completions do not handle effectively heterogeneity or permeability contras
W is dependent on the number and location of the ICV controlled zones. Too many valves lead to unnecessary and excessive cost as well
delivering better wells through improved efficiency productivity and hydrocarbon recovery with fewer wells both offshore and on land. Intel
rol can maximise produced oil value minimise unwanted fluids or a combination of both objectives. We have previously shown[1] that a m
an intelligent well systems to manage fluid fronts in a gravity-stable recovery scheme. The reservoir has many producing zones with high-q
s wells have been successfully installed in Abqaiq operated by Saudi Aramco. Included in the description are equipment selection design
e effective only if the model can be used to predict future reservoir behavior with no uncertainty. Recently developed schemes which updat
continuities on hydraulic fracture growth. A high viscosity fluid was used in order to provide fracture growth similar to actual field conditions.
continuities on hydraulic fracture growth. A high viscosity fluid was used in order to provide fracture growth similar to actual field conditions.
ncy of the foam. In this paper an experimental study of the behavior of CO2 and N2 foams in granular porous media using X-ray Computed
e that the bubble generation kinetics is dependent on layer permeability. We present experiments consisting of co-injection of N2 gas and s
g of the co-injection of N2 gas and surfactant solution in homogenous sandstone cores varying the liquid and gas injection rates. During th
e critical velocity necessary to keep a gas well unloaded suggests using the conditions at the top of the well as an evaluation point. ï¿½This
much reduced flow rate for three days and eventually stopped flow. During the production depletion shuts-in restarts and finally stop flow
r reduces the inflow so that more liquid collects and eventually the flow dies down completely.ï¿½ This phenomenon is known as liquid load
the wellbore that balances out with the reservoir pressure killing the well and - if nothing is done - leaving significant reserves behind. This
f liquid loading behavior is still quite immature and the prediction of the minimum stable gas rate not very reliable. Many wells start liquid loa
med â€œdeliquification. This resource is making up an ever-increasing part of the North American gas supply. Since there is no one â€œp
duction exist however in offshore fields most of them are not applicable for well completion or legal requirements. In the past soap sticks ha
d settle to the bottom. At this point we apply artificial lift which involves either the better use of the remaining reservoir energy or the addi
gas production. This paper presents a new approach to water unloading that does not restrict or interrupt gas production can operate witho
ubing and casing pressures in plunger-lifted gas well are described quantitatively according to a field test data set. A better liquid accumula
easing to produce. Submersible pumps offer a viable means of removing water from the well; however gas interference can significantly de
ve drilling fluid filter cakes and to overcome formation damage effects or to create acid fractures or deep matrix stimulation to enhance pro
ventional wells where massive sand production was allowed with the objective of creating a cavity. The benefits expected from a cavity com
cterization is the key to successful reservoir development. This is especially true in thinly laminated reservoirs which exhibit vertical heterog
bon. Sanding is detrimental to optimum field development and therefore information about the possible advent and extent of sanding will b
perforations may still not be enough to generate the desired productivity.ï¿½ Therefore the wells are often stimulated by a matrix acidizing t
ty this transition requires an optimal cleanup and the removal of the perforation damages. A new underbalanced oriented perforating techn
ulties. This paper presents case history of coiled tubing perforating and zonal isolation evolution in infill well at Resak field one of the gas
high permeabilities (100 - 500 md) and low pressures (1200 - 2200 psi). The wells in Anaco District are normally perforated using conventio
alculations. The issues that are primarily covered in the LEP simulation work address the comparison of horizontal LEP injector with conven
are stacked thin high-permeability sandstone reservoirs interlayered with low-permeability layers. The shallower layers generally have bette
well and formation properties and work at log resolution to eliminate problems experienced with existing packages that use input values ave
stress known as the preferred fracture plane (PFP) provides significant opportunities to improve the efficiency of the fracture job maximiz
stress known as the preferred fracture plane (PFP) provides significant opportunities to improve the efficiency of the fracture job maximiz
ells inï¿½ADMA OPCO fields that are perforated using conventional perforating techniquesï¿½will not produce until stimulated with acid.ï¿½
85md and porosities of 18 to 30%. The wells are completed in oil reservoirs that have been perforated using conventional methods fractur
y encountered while drilling the reservoir section.ï¿½ The drilling strategy for the subsea development wells called for the use of a solid dril
y encountered while drilling the reservoir section.ï¿½ The drilling strategy for the subsea development wells called for the use of a solid dril
d flow that provides an opportunity for quantifying the formation parameters. However the skin factor can rarely be estimated reliably from p
rostatic cushion before firing the guns. The conventional method of correlating the CT on depth involves two CT runs the first to run a memo
d electric line to convey perforating guns to angles greater than 65ï¿½. With this electric line limitation the options available for deploying t
of the perforator or perforator system is required if such damage and potential retrievability risks are to be avoided. In practice the perforat
nate rock called Indiana Limestone. Three of the tests involved shots into an outcrop sandstone rock called Berea Sandstone. Four differen
ne. This connection through the damaged zone is usually achieved by perforating and the effectiveness of this connection is the result of the
ue to salt precipitation. We derived an analytical model-based method for determination of kinetics and formation damage coefficients from
ould be on productivity impairment during sulphate scaling. This paper extends the previous work by modelling the injectivity impairment
njection can be anticipated using the expected pore volume replacement ratio and water-cut estimated from the production forecast. Fractu
ximizing oil production and minimizing water production. The paper will demonstrate the challenges and successes of reducing produced w
o-gross ratio the low bottomhole temperatures and the requirement for pressure maintenance. The development of the Albacora Leste Fie
planning and completion of two wells in the Egret Field in Brunei operated by Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) how the challenges were add
h the H1 H2 targets and a completion design consisting of a cased and perforated commingled completion inside 9-5/8-in. casing was imp
maximum hole-angles. The wells are completed using dry trees from the TLP and are producing primarily from massive fine-grained Pleis
maximum hole angles. The wells are completed using dry trees from the TLP and are produced primarily from massive fine-grained Pleis
) discovered in the late 1980s is located 180 km south of Riyadh the capital of Saudi Arabia (figure 1). Hawtah is one of several small field
h Gulf of Mexico and world records. Success was achieved through careful planning of procedures and specification of equipment. This pap
depth. Additionally oriented perforations offer an improvement to perforation stability against sanding: the maximum allowable drawdowns
ater fields such as Shell Ursa/Princess where depleted reservoir pressures are significantly below the hydrostatic pressure of a seawater c
bore through the H1/H2 targets and a completion design consisting of a cased perforated and commingled completion inside 95/8-in. casi
f the long lengths of the producing reservoirs and large variations in sand-grain sizes/permeabilities premium screens with shunt tubes in c
ted intervals on the S7000E horizon. Production from this interval began in April 1997 and oil recovery averaged 2000 STB/D. Sand produc
eater than expected. The success of the Greater Plutonio OHGP completions has been attributed primarily to the rigorous design and field
ks completion (OHGP) for its first phase development. The ultra high rate for individual well could be up to 320 MMSCFD and the non-Darc
window formed by the minimum pump rate to avoid premature rat hole screen-out and maximum pump rate to avoid formation fracture. Som
ximizing productivity it entraps the filtercake formed by the reservoir drilling fluid.ï¿½ This results in low production rate and consequently le
eater than expected. The success of the Greater Plutonio OHGP completions has been attributed primarily to the rigorous design and field
on and the injection cycles. This challenge has a significant effect in selection of the completion technique in these wells which require an e
osity carrier fluids and low gravel concentration. In this technique the gravel is placed in two waves commonly called Alpha/Beta packing. T
zones by using newer technologies. A typical well in the Mahakham Delta has five zones and installing conventional gravel pack completio
wells with departures of up to 3.5 km at approximately 1000 m TVD. This paper discusses the issues surrounding the TOTAL AUSTRAL C
on. Executing these open-hole gravel-pack jobs (alpha-beta packs) has been a challenge. Although scattered attempts have been made to
he proven methods of sand control from both reliability and productivity standpoints and allows access to larger reserves through fewer w
nt design and productivity improvements. Two wells were recently drilled and completed for the Rosa deepwater project Block 17 offshore
e reservoir and the wellbore for hydrocarbon production. This project presents a system approach for removal of perforation damage effec
e reservoir and the wellbore for hydrocarbon production. This project presents a system approach for removal of perforation damage effec
thout sand control but the perforations were oriented in the vertical plane (ie topside and bottomside perfs) to limit sand production. Perfo
all will require some form of sand prevention. Extensive rock mechanical work using Statoilâ€™s finite element modeling method suggests
etions are subject to mechanical failure with the first indications often being production of solids into a common separation facility. In many
ved as a demonstration of its potential benefits in the development of Stag oilfield. Located offshore in the North-West shelf of Australia Sta
in the Gulf of Mexico. Each of the six treatments provided significant cost savings as well as excellent return on investment for the operator
in the Gulf of Mexico. Each of the six treatments provided significant cost savings as well as excellent return on investment for the operator
nconsolidated reservoir with a depth that ranges from 300 to 700 ft using steam injection at 300 to 400ï¿½F poses a unique challenge in de
had a persistent influence on the sandface completion design and in particular on the drilling and completion fluid systems. The completio
ustry and this paper describes its application in completion selection and design facilities design and operation and facilities risk evaluatio
connected to production facilities and pressure maintenance is coming from 13 water injectors and 2 gas injectors. The completion strategi
d produced during the life of the well. To address this problem an oedometric cell specially designed to simulate a radial flow towards a w
e vastly simplified4-11 necessitating further field observations controlling sand flow rate in order to improve accuracy.ï¿½ Sand flow is catas
c loss. AGOCO recognized that it was facing a major challenge in terms of understanding potential sanding risk for Sarir and that it was ne
using core testing log data and drilling data analysis for rock strength estimate and its correlation with core testing results; (2) conduct a se
duction cause erosion in downhole and surface facilities require additional separation and disposal and lead to significant economic loss.
duction cause erosion in downhole and surface facilities require additional separation and disposal and lead to significant economic loss.
ng possible sanding issues for this field. To investigate this problem relevant data from different sources and different domains (i.e. wirelin
ng possible sanding issues for this field. To investigate this problem relevant data from different sources and different domains (i.e. wirelin
se tests aimed at demonstrating and quantifying the water-cut effect on perforation failure and sand production. The laboratory perforation-
se tests aimed at demonstrating and quantifying the water-cut effect on perforation failure and sand production. The laboratory perforation-
ion resulting in rock disaggregation the proposed approach considers the interplay of several mechanisms that can lead to the rock breaku
ion resulting in rock disaggregation the proposed approach considers the interplay of several mechanisms that can lead to the rock breaku
most fields produced gas becomes progressively enriched in CO2 through the production life of a reservoir such as parts of the San Juan
ment of the sanding potential and its severity over the life of the well for the intended production target. This paper introduces a predictive t
ment of the sanding potential and its severity over the life of the well for the intended production target. This paper introduces a predictive t
volved in this operation had been shut in due to incidences of sand production. The production facility was not designed with any sand man
ity of the numerical model.ï¿½ Experiments on hollow-cylinder synthetic-sandstone specimens were conducted involving real-time sand-p
ity of the numerical model.ï¿½ Experiments on hollow-cylinder synthetic-sandstone specimens were conducted involving real-time sand-p
ng the perforations and the borehole. Sand production in weakly consolidated formations is generally assumed to be a two-step process w
mechanical and time-dependent stabilities of extended reach wells and 2) to assess sand production risk in the development wells and elim
aben Area of the North Sea blocks 22/30b 22/30c and 29/5b. With initial temperatures of 200ï¿½C and pressures of 16 000psi this is one
mplexity. Within these units the reservoir intervals are of moderate to poor quality and can exhibit strong contrasts in permeability and forma
ectrolytic apparatus and their accuracy has been investigated. It has been observed that the 3D semianalytical model SPAN 6.0 software
lidation by comparison with finite-element simulation results. With the new perforation skin model we then show how to optimize horizontal
lication of viscoelastic surfactants was extended to acid-based systems for carbonate stimulation. These surfactants have the ability to sign
tment. Depth of penetration is controlled by the acid reaction rate leakoff and stimulation rate. Acid reaction rate is a function of several fac
ucted a series of acid fracture conductivity tests using a protocol that mimics the fluxes in a hydraulic fracture both in the main flow direction
tment. Depth of penetration is controlled by the acid reaction rate leakoff and stimulation rate. Acid reaction rate is a function of several fac
fracturing. During acid fracturing the wormholes created by the reaction results in excessive fluid loss. Controlling fluid loss is key to optim
d fracturing. During acid fracturing the wormholes created by the reaction results in excessive fluid loss. Controlling fluid loss is key to optim
reatments to use before gravel- or frac-packing operations to clean up long intervals after perforating. Success or failure of these treatment
ject will also be discussed. This fracturing technique was implemented successfully to perform a large multistage acid treatment from a sem
process viscosifies the fluid through the transformation from spherical micelles to an entangled wormlike micellar structure while penetratin
rge limestone reservoirs. The viscoelastic diverting acid system was pumped through coiled tubing in three of these wells and bullheaded i
cts very fast with limestone and high-temperature dolomite formations and unless retarded will produce a fracture with low conductivity. In
rge limestone reservoirs. The viscoelastic diverting acid system was pumped through coiled tubing in three of these wells and bullheaded i
en exceeds one darcy. The mineralogy is composed of calcite (98 to 99%) with about 1% halite and < 1% quartz; therefore the formation
hich water has broken through as a result of high-permeability streaks or natural fractures. Furthermore acid penetration is limited by the la
ith relatively low level of investment. In the recent acidizing campaign in Brunei a particular challenge was the flowback of tubing pickling a
one matrix mineralogical composition and pressure regimes of each zone need to be taken into consideration. The presence of natural fra
s high reaction rate with carbonate rocks which limits acid penetration in the formation. The second is its corrosivity to well tubulars. Hence
g fluids and measuring leakoff under static conditions. Stimulation and gravel-pack fluids are defined for the purpose of this technical standa
6100 to 7500 ft that has produced (30 to 45 ï¿½API crude) for over 35 years with production peaking at 66 000 BOPD. The permeability va
entire interval. When fluids are pumped into a well they naturally tend to flow into the zone with the highest permeability or least damage. F
fields tertiary recovery methods such as water-flooding are implemented to maintain financial viability of the well stock. In many areas how
s significant even for wells producing very lean gas with liquid dropout values less than 1%. Many different methods such as hydraulic fract
previous studies reported in the literature have focused on investigating the effects of injection rate temperature and fluid properties and f
servoir contact and hydrocarbon drainage. Many of these wells experience drilling mud damage. One of the challenges in stimulating long h
s factors which affect the application of RPM technology in a chosen field base case well are studied. These factors include the effects of
ious fracture. Refracturing requirements are different in highly permeable formations (high fracture conductivity) as compared to low permea
Limitations on the amount of proppant placed near water zones and formation damage from polymer residuals were the main drawbacks. A
tion located in Bighorn Basin Wyoming has seen a variety of stimulation fluids used over the past years with varying degrees of success. W
Limitations on the amount of proppant placed near water zones and formation damage from polymer residuals were the main drawbacks. A
ates petrophysical and reservoir characterization expertise with production and completion knowledge by developing and refining more com
umulation near the wells. This adds significantly to the total liquid blocking. Experiments were conducted using both outcrop sandstone and
ce water handling facilities increased the importance of stimulating this type of challenging wells due to the drastic permeability contrast ac
creased reserves generated by increased drainage efficiency and reduction in well numbers and intervention frequency. A more rigorous ex
However there has been very little use of these valves to control water injection distribution within the layers of a reservoir interval at high r
However there has been very little use of these valves to control water injection distribution within the layers of a reservoir interval at high r
n result in substantial and perhaps irreparable damage. This paper presents a study on the creation and propagation of water hammer due
re more and the options for monitoring control and intervention often limited. Gas-condensate reservoirs are increasingly considered as su
challenging deepwater development well. First the well was the longest stepout and highest angle well drilled in the field to date. Second
as a replacement for reservoir inter-zonal communication tests performed between producing reservoirs on every well. Consequently the va
as a replacement for reservoir inter-zonal communication tests performed between producing reservoirs on every well. Consequently the va
ll data pressure formation fluids - water and oil mineralogy data and lab testsâ€¦). Data management system allowing for quick access to
RD wells have been drilled to date with lateral extensions close to 6500 m leading to total depths sometimes in excess of 8600m. In additio
wormholes created by a retarded acid are deep but thin. During production the flux through the thin wormholes can be so high that high pre
ble conditions for ESP application producing from carbonate reservoir with no anticipated fines production low GOR low temperature low
wered jet pumps increase oil rate from the A sand while reducing the water rate from the C sand. Gas lift can be used in formation powered
t operation entails the installation of a compressor liquid knock out equipment pipelines manifold configuration and associated piping etc.
oading liquid from gas well in San Juan basin located in Southwestern Colorado and Northwestern New Mexico. Various modeling techniq
h as fluid / gas slugging and pressure instabilities which negatively impact the overall lift efficiency. In 2006 ConocoPhillips conducted a st
ield by many folds. But each of these artificial lift systems has economic and operating limitations that eliminate it from consideration under
caused by the heal-toe effect. Extensive modelling and simulation work has been previously performed analysing the impact of formation d
yle 7 in. monobore wells (11 producers and 5 gas injectors). By May of 2003 it became apparent that the original well design would not a
maximize the well head flowing pressure while insuring â€œlong term integrity of wells.ï¿½ This was addressed through implementation of
a value-of-information exercise suggested probing downhole sensing and completion issues in a stacked-reservoir situation. The ultimate
e Gravel Pack Stand Alone Screen and Orientated Perforating). Based on the experience and field performance open-hole gravel packing
and minor reservoirs in order to maintain the production rates. Application of horizontal drilling allowed achievement of the above tasks.ï¿½
d production rates. However the possibility of expanding the gas production rates of each well to more than 1 MMm3/D ï¿½increased the a
pletions using these casing valves are called Treat And Produce (TAP) Completions and have a unique design feature in the valves that allo
etaceous Paleorelif) at the depth of 1100 to 1150 m. Currently the main productive horizons are sands from the lower Sarmatian (Basal Sar
ent factors (compared to conventional wells) of two or higher is not uncommon. To make decisions on the correct completion type to select
ds another degree of freedom in squeeze design especially in controlling return concentrations and squeeze life. Phosphonate reactions d
quired to continuously transport and unload liquids from the well.ï¿½ Sub-critical velocities are often encountered in low productivity gas we
quired to continuously transport and unload liquids from the well.ï¿½ Sub-critical velocities are often encountered in low productivity gas we
t be dominant it is crucial to achieve maximum reservoir contact (MRC) through the well architecture.ï¿½ To this end a tri-lateral MRC wel
t be dominant it is crucial to achieve maximum reservoir contact (MRC) through the well architecture.ï¿½ To this end a tri-lateral MRC wel
ion rate. A black box model was established using real-time downhole instrument data as a predictive model for the controller. The model
es surface remotely controlled hydraulic tubing retrievable advanced system coupled with pressure and temperature monitoring system. Th
nterval. Recently completion technologies using downhole valves which allow production and injection control over multiple zones have b
encompassed a surface-remotely-controlled hydraulic-tubing-retrievable advanced system coupled with a pressure- and temperature-moni
pressure values and on models to determine the derivative information (i.e. the changes in flow rates as a result of a change in an ICV set
ssure drawdown and maximizing profitability. This paper presents the results of a numerical study performed to determine the production pe
sion reduction and the miscibility characteristics reached between the treatment fluids and the formation fluids. This paper presents the r
ace on a 4 288 ft horizontal sidetrack of a well in the West Brae field.ï¿½The completion was designed for a homogeneous permeability b
ement challenges. This paper will analyze the performance of a DESP in a range of reservoir scenarios. It will show how DESP performanc
which has raised concerns concerns about the resultant potential for metal erosion. As a result a rigorous erosion study was initiated. The
illstem testing (DST) and chemical treatment of the formation by using standard equipment and techniques. The concept was developed a
SPs that are still operational at the time of the study thus removing a historical source of statistical bias. The analysis uses Kaplan-Meier (K
arizes the significant effects of polymer on foam rheology and presents a hydraulic model that simulates aqueous and polymer-based foam
towards slotted-liners must be considered in well completion design process. This paper presents a comprehensive semi-analytical mode
treatments have been typically formulated with 28-wt% HCl and have been used successfully to increase production from the Khuff carbon
Alpine field development plan did not include hydraulic fracture stimulation based on the reservoir characterization. Well performance had p
Alpine field development plan did not include hydraulic fracture stimulation based on the reservoir characterization. Well performance had p
and Ekofisk intervals range from 40 to 120 m of combined thickness with a Youngâ€™s modulus and permeability that can vary from less
ting several new and existing operators to the area. Different drilling and completion techniques have been tried since the start of the play w
out sacrificing proppant-pack conductivity. The conventional approach is based on net pressure control. This can be achieved using low-vis
ng treatments to be able to create longer and wider fractures and hence maximize well productivity. Alternating stages of polymer pad with
ymer load without increasing risk of premature screenout. Fibers proved to be reliable for successful placement of 10/14-mesh size Interme
ole external gravel packing and cased hole Internal Gravel Packing (IGP) for controlling formation sand were challenged by reduced flow ef
ts. There is a range of different flowback additives containing water-wetting nonionic to amphoteric microemulsion and oil-wetting compon
cent study pointed out that modulus contrast can have significant implications on fracture geometry and proppant placement (Smith et al. 2
oirs. Thus sustaining the ability to pump frac packs in these challenging environments is a priority. With conventional frac pack fluids these
perations to make wells commercially viable. Strategies such as multiple-zone commingled completions the selection of fluids and additive
ed in fracturing applications each cycle of re-used water returns with a more complex chemical make up than before. Therefore the usable
cy flow systems. This method which was later modified and presented in the form of Unified Fractured Design (UFD) charts by other investi
characterization can shorten the learning curve of an operator in the development of a basin.ï¿½ Numerous completion strategies (Limited
ch bypasses the near-wellbore damage while gravel-packing the zone of interest. This paper describes a novel and economical frac-and-p
The paper describes a technique of physical barrier placement and tailoring fracturing fluid systems to control fracture net pressure develop
uring has unique aspects that require special attention to ensure successful treatment. Differences exist between horizontal and vertical we
stimulation water shutoff or workover treatments. A very challenging task to stimulate long openhole sections effectively due to poor acid di
eters thick and has a variable permeability throughout the pay zone. The gas drainage from the best permeability zones causes a differenti
easing overall water production. However if the water production mechanism is understood and the appropriate fluids are selected then sti
have come to mitigate the problem however in most unfavorable conditions where oil and gas are found in tight formations fracture stimulat
mpletions in particular. Consequently most of the planned future wells will be drilled as open-hole horizontal completions. Nonetheless due
Jin 1995; Flowers et al. 2003; Miskimins et al. 2005; Handren et al. 2001; Lolon et al. 2004; Vincent 2004; Olson et al. 2004). Although the
selected and the target zone was the GS-3A reservoir. 10-15ft above the GS-3A was a water bearing sand. Most of the candidate wells we
ervoir and the corresponding pseudosteady state shape factor of this type of well and reservoir completion under boundary-dominated flow
s are geologically lithologically and stratigraphically vastly different from West Siberia. Adding the difference in the maturity of the fields wi
The valves have a unique design feature which allows an unlimited number of valves to be placed in a single well without incremental reduc
itiation pressures is identified as the main risk with this approach. This paper will discuss the theoretical and experimental study that was
ocks partly lose their cohesion. This study has developed a more appropriate model for fracture design which takes into account processes
fracturing reservoirs with low permeabilities. A new VES fracturing fluid has been developed for use in high permeability reservoirs and su
and intervals around 10 500 ft with an average Bottom Hole Static Temperature (BHST) of 190oF.ï¿½ Wellbore completion constraints com
ulations do not create the desired fracture dimensions. The potential reasons for the shorter than desired effective fracture lengths are nume
even more difficult because of fluid incompatibility issues. The formation tends to produce oil with asphaltene content when the flowing bott
cited as a likely culprit. This paper presents some of the results of an investigation of fracture clean-up mechanisms. This investigation was
ong with sound engineering practices can have a profound impact on how wells are completed.ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ This paper discuss
or treatment well surveys can cause more than a 40o uncertainty of the inverted fracture azimuths. Furthermore if the positions of the inje
pacing. The Jonah Field is located in the Green River Basin in Sublette County WY. Production is primarily from over-pressured and tight
economic benefit is a conductive fracture that economically increases well production. Although the primary goal of a hydraulic fracture is to
e is known about the texture of the fracture surface created during acid fracturing or about the dependence of this texture on the acidizing c
h and azimuth. Commercial fracture models provide length estimate once a reliable estimate of height is known. This is evident for 2D mod
of a fracturing treatment. These issues along with regulations concerning the transportation of radioactive materials have impacted the app
process including production prediction is at an infant development stage and is additionally hampered by the lack of or ambiguity in th
e and the apparent proppant permeability is one or two orders of magnitude lower than the Darcy permeability measured at single phase
resulted in more accurate and robust fracture propagation models. However the situation is still unclear in high permeability formations be
formic acid was used in wells completed with super Cr-13 tubulars. A high pH borate gel was pumped in stages to reduce leak-off and main
e the dimensionless productivity index solution (JD) for finite-conductivity vertically fractured wells in closed rectangular bounded reservoirs
tion to enhance wellbore-to-reservoir connectivity. The use of surface microseismic monitors without borehole equipment in downhole confi
ault a near-vertical fracture geometry was observed. A change in fault orientation was supported by differences in the microseismic-signal c
ell. In particular determining whether the proppant flowback will stop after a few days of production or will continue at a given rate during the
ure due to the fracture penetrating into the higher stress region which leads to fracture reopening along the initial fracture plane (called in-p
the data on hydraulic fracture simulation accounting for accumulation of damages in elastoviscoplastic medium as well as the effect of inho
ave strong implication on proppant distribution especially when larger size proppant are used. Although the latter could lead to more condu
racture completions show discrepancies between the placed propped length and the effective production fracture length. Ineffective fractu
r must be injected into the formation at fracturing pressures. The completion campaign started with three water injector wells. The initial res
d using a workflow including time-lapse Sonic Anisotropy and Flexural Waveform Dispersion Analysis (open hole and cased hole) which ma
ops and to proppant bridging as fluid and slurry move through the restrictions. New modeling results are presented that quantify these and o
rent recovery increment options. The initial 4 year productivity from 4 assets was analyzed. This paper presents the results of a study focus
rous media for these low interfacial tension (IFT) systems. It is now a well established finding both experimentally and theoretically that the
h liner through the reservoir section. The perforated intervals range from 30 to 80 m in length and the wells were traditionally matrix-acid sti
~55bpm). Post-frac snubbing operations are often needed to run tubing and clean out wellbores. Snubbing operations can be costly in term
specific details only to illustrate the technology. Purpose: to inform the general readership of recent advances in various areas of petroleum
ï¿½ This model was developed in the knowledge centre Integrated System Approach Petroleum Production (ISAPP) of TNO TU Delft and
ent well because it provides a direct replacement for conventional gas lift equipment compressors and pipelines and the ancillary equipme
e Gravel Pack Stand Alone Screen and Orientated Perforating). Based on the experience and field performance open-hole gravel packing
ng mechanism b) set criteria for controlling an emulsion penetration depth before it breaks down and seals a porous medium. In these exp
ient in the presence of an immobile and a mobile liquid phase is much higher than that in single phase only a handful of studies have been
ment of the entire openhole section with hydrochloric acid is difficult: the rapid reaction of the acid in downhole conditions often creates a lo
elevation change in well trajectory and its effect on well performance. In general a horizontal wellbore is never perfectly horizontal. The incli
wever studies from Prudhoe Bay mature waterflood field indicate that these additional benefits can decline with time. A clearer understandi
its of utilizing open-hole completion with mechanical isolation has lead to the operational benefits of multiple fracturing operations being pu
its of utilizing open-hole completion with mechanical isolation has lead to the operational benefits of multiple fracturing operations being pu
Will the filtercake disperse and get removed while producing the well and applying drawdown to the formation? Will the remaining filtercake
Will the filtercake disperse and get removed while producing the well and applying drawdown to the formation? Will the remaining filtercake
ver field. The optimal completion technique for a candidate well is determined by reservoir properties geologic setting rock mechanics dev
e problems in the conventional wells were not as severe as those interpreted from the measurements of distributed temperature sensing sy
ing a new AA LDHI more detailed analysis were performed to evaluate the possibility of managing hydrate risks through operating procedu
onal or flow-after-flow tests. After this test the negative impact of inertia on gas deliverability can be very well analyzed using special graph
otential application for DTS data is to profile injection or production for wells which is the primary motivation and focus of this project. In the
re and temperature gauges. Measurement of surface injection rate and the rate from each of the three flowmeters provides real-time measu
scription are equipment selection design and development details installation procedures and â€œlessons learned after installation of the
e loops and one separate flowline. The project has been an economic and technological success. The application of intelligent well technolo
ular flow leading to severe erosion hot-spots" and plugging of screens is another challenge. Inflow Control Devices (ICDs) were proposed a
ty or permeability contrasts exposed along the sand face. The ICD controls and interrogates more optimally both rock and fluid properties in
nd excessive cost as well as the potential for reduced reliability. Too few valves will not provide sufficient flexibility for efficient control. We
fshore and on land. Intelligent completions have proven their value in managing production from multilateral wells horizontal wells with mu
eviously shown[1] that a minimum degree of un-evenness of an invading fluid front is needed for effective ICV control. This work studies s
oducing zones with high-quality rock properties. Intelligent well systems which consist of interval control valves (ICVs) and many sensors
uipment selection design and development details installation procedures and â€œlessons learned after installation of the fully hydraulic t
ed schemes which update models with data acquired during the optimization process are computationally very expensive. We suggest tha
to actual field conditions. Fracture growth and its internal fluid pressure were monitored by fixed probes placed normal to the expected plan
to actual field conditions. Fracture growth and its internal fluid pressure were monitored by fixed probes placed normal to the expected plan
dia using X-ray Computed Tomography is reported. In the experiments gas is forced through natural porous media initially saturated with a
-injection of N2 gas and surfactant solution in layered cores with layering parallel and to the flow directions. The cores are obtained by com
injection rates. During the experiments X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans were used to map locally the fluid saturations with high sp
evaluation point. ï¿½This is convenient for personnel conducting the evaluation as wellhead pressure and temperature data are readily av
starts and finally stop flowing periods the gas well experienced liquid load-up involving unstable operation conditions and changing reservo
non is known as liquid loading. Velocity strings are a commonly applied remedy to liquid loading in gas wells. By installing a small diameter
ant reserves behind. This is in North Sea gas fields a relatively new problem and is being addressed by Gas Well Deliquification which a
Many wells start liquid loading at gas rates well above the values predicted by classic steady state prediction models such as Turner. The l
nce there is no one â€œperfect solution and the problem affects thousands of wells the opportunity involves not only technology developm
In the past soap sticks have been tried to foam up liquids however these may never have reached the area where liquid had accumulated
servoir energy or the addition of external energy. The objective of this study is to understand the appropriate application of external energy
duction can operate without external energy and uses no consumables. Physical and software simulators have been developed to demons
. A better liquid accumulation mechanism is proposed. The effect of liquid falling back and liquid transfer from the tubing into the annulus du
rence can significantly degrade pump performance and even result in pump failure. An effective means of mitigating this problem is to place
timulation to enhance productivity. Good acid coverage with a relatively small acid volume is required to economically obtain the desired br
xpected from a cavity completion are four-fold: 1) increase in PI by reducing skin 2) increase in effective wellbore radius 3) creation of an e
ch exhibit vertical heterogeneity and a wide range of flow properties. Therefore it is critical to combine high resolution formation evaluation
nd extent of sanding will be helpful in planning for completions and facilities. The study presented in this paper characterizes the geomecha
ed by a matrix acidizing treatment after the perforating.ï¿½ A prevalent mind set in the industry is that acid dissolves the perforation debris
oriented perforating technique has been successfully implemented in Algeria. It combines the use of a formation isolation valve (FIV) to kee
esak field one of the gas field operated by Malaysia National E&P Company Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd. Since the beginning of Resak Fie
perforated using conventional static underbalanced techniques. The productivity of these wells was evaluated using nodal analysis techniqu
LEP injector with conventionally perforated liner for a generic reservoir; the role of the sand-screen in LEP design during HVO production a
ayers generally have better permeability and were developed first while the deeper lower-permeability reservoirs have been developed mo
that use input values averaged across the reservoir. After consultation with staff engineers the tool was created in Excel to test functional
the fracture job maximizing ultimate production from the well. Wells are frequently completed with multiple tubing strings (up to four in som
the fracture job maximizing ultimate production from the well. Wells are frequently completed with multiple tubing strings (up to four in som
il stimulated with acid.ï¿½A new perforating technique has been deployed that creates clean low skin perforationsï¿½and allows the well t
ventional methods fracture stimulated to increase production and later completed with electro-submersible pumps (ESPs). To effectively
d for the use of a solid drill-in liner as a contingency should major losses be encountered while drilling the reservoir section. This strategy sta
d for the use of a solid drill-in liner as a contingency should major losses be encountered while drilling the reservoir section. This strategy sta
estimated reliably from pressure data acquired in the current UBP operations if without flowing on surface in sufficient time. The reasons a
uns the first to run a memory gamma ray (GR) and casing collar locator (CCL) and the second run for the actual perforation. The underbalan
s available for deploying the guns are limited to wireline tractor and e-coiled tubing since most through tubing perforation are done in real tim
d. In practice the perforating design engineers do not have a well-established analytical tool to help them understand post-perforating beha
a Sandstone. Four different charge types were tested including one standard (conventional) charge and three different designs of reactive l
nnection is the result of the perforating system selection the well environment in which the perforating job is executed and what happens to
damage coefficients from production well data consisting of barium concentrations in the produced water and of well productivity decline. W
the injectivity impairment during simultaneous injection of incompatible waters i.e. cation-rich produced water (PWRI) and seawater with s
roduction forecast. Fracturing is likely to occur during produced water reinjection at voidage replacement rates.ï¿½The extent (size) of the
s of reducing produced water by using smart completions and how multiphase flow meters (MPFM) helped in getting better results to allow
of the Albacora Leste Field in the ultra deep water Campos Basin was a key component of Brazilâ€™s drive to achieve petroleum self suff
w the challenges were addressed and the best practices identified for future operations. Sand-control techniques such as an extension pac
e 9-5/8-in. casing was implemented. The sand-face completion design consisted of a large-OD expandable sand screen with 150 micron we
assive fine-grained Pleistocene-aged reservoirs. These reservoirs require sand-control to prevent sand production at the expected drawd
assive fine-grained Pleistocene reservoirs. These reservoirs require sand control to prevent sand production at the expected drawdowns p
one of several small fields located along the Hawtah Trend (others are Ghinah Hazmiyah Nisalah and Umm Jurf). The Trend runs approx
on of equipment. This paper describes the planning for these challenging extended-reach completion and intervention operations along wi
um allowable drawdowns and depletions are increased for all sands. Finally an analysis is presented on the economics and trade-offs of ve
pressure of a seawater column a modified screen design was required since screen products currently available were limited to <3 500 ps
pletion inside 95/8-in. casing was implemented. The sandface-completion design consisted of a large-outside-diameter (OD) expandable sa
eens with shunt tubes in conjunction with cased-hole frac packs have been used to complete the wells. The third well A1ST1BP1 was com
2000 STB/D. Sand production was anticipated under normal drawdown from production onset and as such the well was completed with san
rigorous design and field application of the fluid systems used at all stages of the well from drilling the reservoir through to the gravel pack
MSCFD and the non-Darcy effect is too significant to overlook. The objective of this investigation is to build an accurate model to validate a
oid formation fracture. Some special projects require additional equipment to provide selective completion â€“ External casing packers (ECP
rate and consequently leads to the requirement of high drawdown pressure. ï¿½Hence it is imperative that the filter cake be removed unifo
rigorous design and field application of the fluid systems used at all stages of the well from drilling the reservoir through to the gravel pack
e wells which require an effective and reliable sand control for long term and open-hole and large tubular size to minimize friction losses. U
ed Alpha/Beta packing. The second method utilizes a viscous carrier fluid and high concentrations of gravel in conjunction with alternative p
nal gravel pack completions would consume up to 30 rig days. This represents a significant capital cost. To reduce costs the Operator has
g the TOTAL AUSTRAL Carina field development project and the innovative processes that were used to address these situations.ï¿½Thr
empts have been made to separately understand different parts of the gravel-pack process the industry still lacks a tool that accurately mo
eserves through fewer wells. Since most of these reservoirs contain reactive shale streaks they require synthetic/oil-based drilling fluids (S
project Block 17 offshore Angola using a Non-Aromatic Oil-Based Mud (NAOBM) weighted with sized calcium carbonate. After installing th
perforation damage effective gravel placement and packing of the perforation tunnels. It was found that surging the perforations greatly in
perforation damage effective gravel placement and packing of the perforation tunnels. It was found that surging the perforations greatly inc
mit sand production. Perforations were shot at 4 spf and 180ï¿½ phasing with ~1 000 psi underbalance.ï¿½The X-1 well produced up to ~
odeling method suggests that oriented perforations can prevent sand production in the horizontal wells. This was offered as an alternative t
eparation facility. In many offshore completions particularly sub-sea or multi-zone completions it is often difficult and expensive to determin
West shelf of Australia Stag field is a shallow and unconsolidated glauconitic sandstone reservoir with a top and bottom sealing shale. The r
nvestment for the operator. Screenless completions are an integrated solution that involve many field-proven technologies such as reservoi
nvestment for the operator. Screenless completions are an integrated solution that involve many field-proven technologies such as reservoi
s a unique challenge in designing an effective yet economic completion. One of the biggest problems associated with the production of the
d systems. The completion design has evolved from stacked cased hole gravel pack to open hole gravel pack designs. Non-gravel pack op
and facilities risk evaluation with reference to a high rate gas field development. The estimation of sand production volumes for openhole a
s. The completion strategies employed have included mainly stand alone screens in open hole and cased hole frac-packs. A review of the
a radial flow towards a well has been developed at IFP. Tests performed under CT-scan on cohesionless sand samples allow to monitor i
cy.ï¿½ Sand flow is catastrophic when formation is soft. However if certain conditions are satisfied the sand rate is reasonably stable. This
or Sarir and that it was necessary to design and implement a sandface completion and sand management strategy for more than 400 wells
g results; (2) conduct a series of triaxial tests on selected reservoir core samples in the low to intermediate strength range for defining the st
significant economic loss. On the other hand precautionary but unnecessary sand prevention will mean unwarranted reduction in productivi
significant economic loss. On the other hand precautionary but unnecessary sand prevention will mean unwarranted reduction in productivi
rent domains (i.e. wireline logs laboratory test data drilling data well data and field data) were integrated to generate a Mechanical Earth
rent domains (i.e. wireline logs laboratory test data drilling data well data and field data) were integrated to generate a Mechanical Earth
he laboratory perforation-collapse tests were conducted on weak sandstones obtained from downhole and outcrop. The tests were perform
he laboratory perforation-collapse tests were conducted on weak sandstones obtained from downhole and outcrop. The tests were perform
an lead to the rock breakup and sand transport.ï¿½ One important difference is that rock disaggregation is not seen to represent the onset
an lead to the rock breakup and sand transport.ï¿½ One important difference is that rock disaggregation is not seen to represent the onset
as parts of the San Juan basin. In contrast it is generally observed that the ratio of CO2:CH4 declines with time during field and laboratory
r introduces a predictive tool that forecasts not only the initiation of sanding but also its rate and severity in real time. A series of well-docu
r introduces a predictive tool that forecasts not only the initiation of sanding but also its rate and severity in real time. A series of well-docu
igned with any sand management capability such as hydrocyclones sand jets etc. Thus historically any incidence of sand production led
nvolving real-time sand-production measurement under various conditions. A numerical approach was used for simulating the experimenta
nvolving real-time sand-production measurement under various conditions. A numerical approach was used for simulating the experimenta
be a two-step process with the shear failure being the first step and the transport of the sand out of the perforations and up to the surface
evelopment wells and eliminate unnecessary downhole sand control. The data required for the study include: 1) in-situ stresses including m
es of 16 000psi this is one of the highest pressure and temperature developments ever undertaken. The fields began production in Q1 200
in permeability and formation water composition. Reservoir support is provided by combined injection of gas and Utsira aquifer water. The
odel SPAN 6.0 software and the simple hybrid model described in this paper replicate the experimental results very well. On the other han
how to optimize horizontal well perforating to maximize well productivity. A cased perforated well may have lower productivity (as character
nts have the ability to significantly increase the apparent viscosity and elastic properties of the treating fluids. This is because of the ability o
s a function of several factors the most important of which is the reservoir temperature. Yet another concern in acid fracturing in long carb
in the main flow direction along the fracture and in the fluid loss direction. In our tests the injection rate into the fracture is much higher tha
s a function of several factors the most important of which is the reservoir temperature. Yet another concern in acid fracturing in long carb
g fluid loss is key to optimize acid fracturing treatments by creating longer and wider fractures. Diesel emulsified acid for deeper penetration
ng fluid loss is key to optimize acid fracturing treatments by creating longer and wider fractures. Diesel emulsified acid for deeper penetratio
failure of these treatments is often related to the efficiency of diverting agents especially for acid treatments on wells with long heterogene
acid treatment from a semisubmersible rig. Historically wells in this field have been treated using dedicated stimulation vessels. Acid-fractur
structure while penetrating the carbonate rock. The highly viscous fluid acts as a temporary barrier and diverts the fluid into the remaining lo
se wells and bullheaded in five other wells for comparison between both methods of placement. Pre- and post-job production logs acquire
e with low conductivity. In addition concentrated HCl-based acids are very corrosive to well tubulars especially at high temperatures. To ad
se wells and bullheaded in five other wells for comparison between both methods of placement. Pre- and post-job production logs acquire
z; therefore the formation is a potential candidate for acid stimulation. This limestone is atypical because of its textureâ€”a granular aggreg
etration is limited by the large surface area of the horizontal wellbore and this is exacerbated by the relatively small injection rate imposed b
wback of tubing pickling and spent acids and neutralization of the spent acid on the surface. A series of effective methodologies for the stim
he presence of natural fractures makes the entire treatment more complex. Acid placement and diversion need to be carefully designed an
y to well tubulars. Hence organic acids become viable material for matrix acidizing to alleviate these two problems. Though organic acids p
se of this technical standard as fluids used to enhance production from oil and gas wells by fracturing or acidizing and fluids used to place f
OPD. The permeability varies from 20 to 200 mD with streaks exceeding one Darcy. At different times in the past attempts were made to h
ability or least damage. Field experiences showed that there is no assurance of complete zone coverage without proper diversion. Therefor
stock. In many areas however production wells do not benefit enough from the water flood or the injection scheme is not optimized.ï¿½ A
ds such as hydraulic fracturing dry gas injection and solvent injection have been proposed and implemented to stimulate such wells. Howe
and fluid properties and few have focused on the influence of rock properties on stimulation treatments.ï¿½ This study primarily explores th
nges in stimulating long horizontal wells with open-hole completion is the placement of stimulation fluids for effective zonal coverage and ge
tors include the effects of instantaneous vs. kinetic adsorption for the treatment and the further influence of treatment properties reservoir f
s compared to low permeable ones (moderate fracture conductivity). Understanding these basic differences is essential to a successful rest
re the main drawbacks. A never ending quest for efficiency and higher production rates called for different options. One of those options wa
ing degrees of success. When dealing with water sensitive formations a common practice has been to use oil-based fluids. However fluids
re the main drawbacks. A never ending quest for efficiency and higher production rates called for different options. One of those options wa
ping and refining more complete interpretation and completion models based on comprehensive data. This process includes the current se
th outcrop sandstone and reservoir cores to measure the effect of liquid blocking on gas relative permeability. A chemical treatment was de
c permeability contrast across the pay zones. Typically the treating fluid in a matrix treatment flows into high permeability sections and/ or h
ency. A more rigorous exploitation of the real time production data is necessary to fully achieve this objective. We previously showed that w
reservoir interval at high rates (>25 000 BWPD) in a continuous proportional operating mode. This paper will review BPâ€™s efforts to team
reservoir interval at high rates (>25 000 BWPD) in a continuous proportional operating mode. This paper will review BPâ€™s efforts to team
ion of water hammer due to rapid shut-in of water injectors. Water hammer1-4 or pressure surge is a pressure transient phenomenon whic
easingly considered as suitable candidates for drilling SWs or HWs. These reservoirs pose special challenges selecting one type or the othe
he field to date. Second the well targeted a fault block in a portion of the field that was poorly constrained due to limited offset well control a
well. Consequently the value of continuing to run these tools was raised by management. In response the reliability of these tools and their
well. Consequently the value of continuing to run these tools was raised by management. In response the reliability of these tools and their
owing for quick access to well production history data. A design tool (Stim2001) for detailed candidate selection damage diagnosis fluid s
cess of 8600m. In addition to the challenges pertaining to the drilling itself the completion also carried its own ones as the formation would
n be so high that high pressure gradient occurs. Therefore the optimized wormhole geometry should be functions of reservoir properties su
OR low temperature low bubble point pressure and high API gravity. All new installations were carried out without interrupting the ongoing
sed in formation powered jet pump wells to further enhance drawdown on a well while jet pumping. Many formation powered jet pumps are
nd associated piping etc. In many cases gas lift sourcing might require completely fresh construction of entire facilities which will involve p
Various modeling techniques were applied to evaluate the lowest bottom hole flowing pressure for various Artificial Lift system types and w
coPhillips conducted a study to design a gas lift system for the Surmont SAGD development that would allow better control of lift gas into th
from consideration under certain operating condition. However all the conventional artificial lift systems have a common feature. The energ
g the impact of formation damage and well cleanup in horizontal wells. This paper extends that work to advanced completions employing In
al well design would not achieve the 1.1 Bcf/D production target because of well construction problems. Three wells on the remotely located
hrough implementation of limited - or even not - proven technologies. Introduction TOTAL AUSTRAL operates the Carina and Aries fields
oir situation. The ultimate objective of this study was to ascertain economic completion strategy so that depletion of reservoirs occurs evenly
open-hole gravel packing has become the preferred option. The techniques used in completing these high rate gas wells as open-hole gra
ent of the above tasks.ï¿½ Horizontal completions resulted in not only enhancement of individual well production rates but also significantly
Mm3/D ï¿½increased the associated sand production risk and led to the need for evaluatingï¿½ the best sand-control solution while conside
ature in the valves that allows a theoretically unlimited number of valves to be placed in a single well without incremental reductions to the in
wer Sarmatian (Basal Sarmatian). The facies variation can be seen both vertically and horizontally on a well-to-well basis even though the w
completion type to select it is important to be aware of the many sand control issues and the relative strengths/weaknesses of the systems
Phosphonate reactions during squeeze treatments involve a series of self-regulating reactions with calcite and other minerals. However e
in low productivity gas wells that produce liquids whether the wellbore liquids are produced directly from the formation and/or condensed fr
in low productivity gas wells that produce liquids whether the wellbore liquids are produced directly from the formation and/or condensed fr
end a tri-lateral MRC well with a mother bore and two laterals has been recently drilled in this reservoir achieving about 5 000 ft of reservoi
end a tri-lateral MRC well with a mother bore and two laterals has been recently drilled in this reservoir achieving about 5 000 ft of reservoi
the controller. The model parameters were updated in real-time using the Decay Recursive Least Squares (DRLS) method. A case study in
re monitoring system. The SC provides isolation and down hole control of commingled production from the laterals. Using the variable pos
er multiple zones have become available. The central idea is that downhole control may be used to adjust flow distributions along the wellb
e- and temperature-monitoring system. SC provides isolation and downhole control of commingled production from the laterals. The well w
of a change in an ICV setting). Such a model typically would be a steady-state wellbore simulator including choke models to represent the I
etermine the production performance of dual opposed laterals compared to horizontal wells. With a total section exposed to the reservoir eq
This paper presents the results for compatibility and displacement tests carried out among reservoir fluids alcohol and inhibited diesel bas
ogeneous permeability but the as-drilled permeability as shown by logging-while-drilling data had very high permeability regions in the he
w how DESP performance can be modeled by use of commercially available coupled well-performance and reservoir-simulation tools. Fo
n study was initiated. The objective was to quantitatively evaluate erosion at various rates over the life cycle of the well to appropriately desi
concept was developed after identifying the opportunity to optimize operations in wells where the above equipment and operations are requ
ysis uses Kaplan-Meier (KM) (Kaplan and Meier 1958) and Cox proportional hazards (CPHs) (Cox 1972) modeling to determine statistical s
and polymer-based foam flow in directional and horizontal wellbores. Experimental studies on the rheology of polymer-enhanced foam wer
sive semi-analytical model for estimating the productivity of horizontal wells completed with slotted liners. The semi-analytical model is obtai
on from the Khuff carbonates. Although acid fracture treatments create significant conductivity enhancement in treated wells their etched
n. Well performance had proven to be economic in this Jurassic marine sandstone without hydraulic fracturing until drilling the CD2-37 wel
n. Well performance had proven to be economic in this Jurassic marine sandstone without hydraulic fracturing until drilling the CD2-37 wel
ty that can vary from less than 0.5 to over 2.5 million psi and 0.1 to 4 m respectively along the horizontal section. The wide variations in re
ince the start of the play with different degrees of success. In June of 2005 a new technique was introduced utilizing chopped fibers within
be achieved using low-viscosity fluids such as viscoelastic systems oil-based systems or reduced polymer systems. The fluid systems can
ages of polymer pad with diesel emulsified acid for deeper penetration and in-situ gelled acid a polymer-based system have been extensiv
f 10/14-mesh size Intermediate Strength Proppants (ISP) at concentration up to 1000 kgPA and higher with only 3.0 kg/m3 (25lb/1000gal) g
enged by reduced flow efficiency of the wells. The recent development of Expandable Sand Screen (ESS) combined with fracturing treatme
n and oil-wetting components. Determining the best additive for a specific reservoir is not a simple matter for the end user and the existing
placement (Smith et al. 2001). To expand on this topic we consider the combined effects of modulus contrast and in situ stress contrast on
onal frac pack fluids these greater depths and higher bottomhole pressures often would result in the need for surface treating pressures tha
ction of fluids and additives to maximize hydraulic fracture effective length and conductivity and fluid recycling/handling are but a few strate
ore. Therefore the usable lifetime of the recycled water is shortened or requires expensive cleaning or dilution with fresh water to make it a
FD) charts by other investigators is widely used in the petroleum industry even for gas condensate systems. Recently some methodologies
mpletion strategies (Limited Entry high rate limited entry and various Pin-point Stimulation Techniques) were implemented with an appropria
and economical frac-and-pack technique which consists of pumping a sand plug with the downhole tool set for circulation to isolate a bottom
cture net pressure development that combined is used to mitigate fracture height growth. The method consists of pumping a predetermined
horizontal and vertical wells in the areas of rock mechanics reservoir engineering and operations. These aspects affect the optimization p
ctively due to poor acid distribution especially in reservoirs with high permeability streaks that require effective diversion techniques. The ef
zones causes a differential depletion in reservoir pore pressure affecting by consequence the mechanical properties of the rock in its whol
uids are selected then stimulating producer wells with high water cuts can be a rewarding operation. The treatment can be carried out whi
rmations fracture stimulation needs to be added to the equation. Conventional multistage fracturing techniques including perforating fractu
letions. Nonetheless due to the highly complex nature of the Khuff carbonate reservoir some wells have experienced complications during
et al. 2004). Although the importance in gas wells is evident the authors pose the question of whether non-Darcy and multiphase flow effec
of the candidate wells were primarily in an area of the reservoir that had experienced poor recovery primarily because of poor permeability.
boundary-dominated flow conditions has been developed and utilized in this study. The mathematical model described in this paper has be
e maturity of the fields with significantly depleted reservoirs high asphaltene and paraffin oil content varying the hydrocarbon properties it
without incremental reductions to the ID thus allowing normal cementing operations. A control line is connected to sequential valves. When
perimental study that was conducted to assess the viability of the cemented sliding sleeve concept by attempting to minimize and predict f
es into account processes in the plastic zone for the special case of soft rock that is a cohesionless granular impermeable medium. The rea
meability reservoirs and successfully pumped in the Gulf of Mexico.ï¿½The fluid exhibits enhanced fluid efficiency while still maintaining th
ompletion constraints combined with reservoir parameters inclusive of low-pressured water sensitive formations high rock Youngsâ€™ Mod
fracture lengths are numerous with the most likely being excessive fracture height growth and poor fracture fluid cleanup. In the context of
tent when the flowing bottomhole pressure is drawn below the Asphalting Onset Pressure (AOP). An engineering solution was urgently nee
ms. This investigation was undertaken under a Joint Industry Project (JIP) active since the year 2002. The data discussed builds on the init
½ï¿½ This paper discusses the completion design methodology execution and results from two offset wells.ï¿½ The first well was comple
if the positions of the injection point and the receiver array are not known accurately and the velocity model is artificially adjusted to locate p
over-pressured and tight sandstones of the Lance Formation. The Lance in Jonah consists of many stacked low permeability sandstones.
of a hydraulic fracture is to create a highly conductive flowpath it is often the most poorly understood parameter in the treatment with press
texture on the acidizing conditions. To study this important aspect of the acid-fracturing process we developed a new surface profilometer
This is evident for 2D model which requires a direct knowledge of the height but also for p3D model where the height is indirectly obtained fr
ls have impacted the application of this technology in international markets. This paper will describe a new patent-pending technology that
ack of or ambiguity in the reservoir and production data. This is particularly true for the Yamburgskoe gas condensate field where the w
measured at single phase low-rate conditions. This is particularly true if a liquid phase is also flowing. The apparent permeability of the prop
ermeability formations because the formation fluid can invade the tip zone where the pressure drops below the far-field pore pressure. Mor
o reduce leak-off and maintain the bottomhole pressure at values greater than the fracturing pressure of the formation. A new generation of
gular bounded reservoirs and their corresponding pseudo-steady state shape factors under boundary-dominated flow conditions.ï¿½ Desig
uipment in downhole configurations represents a relatively new and untested technology for hydraulic fracture diagnostics. Analysis of the s
the microseismic-signal characteristics and the treatment-injection data. This difference in fracture geometry was attributed to rotations in t
at a given rate during the well's life is a key issue when selecting an appropriate completion method. The development of a model allowing
fracture plane (called in-plane frac hereafter). A dual-frac PKN model is developed to predict the growth of the two intersecting fractures in
s well as the effect of inhomogenity of porous media properties on fracture propagation. After hydraulic fracture formation terminated the cle
could lead to more conductive fractures they could also bridge at the wellbore impeding both lateral and vertical extent. Differential cased
e length. Ineffective fracture clean-up is often cited as a likely culprit. The main results presented in this paper were obtained using a mod
jector wells. The initial results were not as expected i.e. after pumping 1000 bbls of treated seawater at rates from 7 to 14.5 bpm surface p
nd cased hole) which main objectives consisted on the generation of a horizontal stress map for the studied area and an accurate measure
d that quantify these and other effects of offsets by using a coupled 2D hydraulic fracture model. Offsets are geometrically characterized by
he results of a study focused on increasing the understanding of productivity drivers using a database on well productivity related to differen
and theoretically that the flow of gas-condensate fluid systems in porous media is affected by both coupling (the increase of relative perme
raditionally matrix-acid stimulated following perforation. The wells produced initially unassisted then later on a work-over campaign was lau
ions can be costly in terms of investment and time. Annular fracs have been applied in the industry as an alternative completion strategy. H
arious areas of petroleum engineering. Introduction Predicting and assuring well deliverability often are important concerns when develo
PP) of TNO TU Delft and Shell and is based on a commercially available dynamic multiphase well simulation tool (OLGA) and a dynamic m
and the ancillary equipment they require. An estimated 60 auto gas lift systems have been installed at the time of writing of this paper mos
open-hole gravel packing has become the preferred option. The techniques used in completing these high rate gas wells as open-hole gra
us medium. In these experiments well-characterized oil-in-water emulsions were injected into etched-glass micro-models and micro-mode
dful of studies have been made on the subject. In this work we have measured the high-velocity coefficient Î² in steady-state two-phase ga
nditions often creates a localized loss zone through which most of the treating fluid is lost so that treatment of the entire section is inefficie
fectly horizontal. The inclination angle could be a result of drilling control or sometimes could be designed on purpose for an extremely ani
me. A clearer understanding of the injection mechanism and an integrated solution was required to improve field injection performance. Thi
uring operations being pumped in one continuous operation equating to time savings more efficient fractures faster cleanup and less safe
uring operations being pumped in one continuous operation equating to time savings more efficient fractures faster cleanup and less safe
ill the remaining filtercake impair well productivity? The paper presents the case of a gas producing horizontal well in Indonesia completed
ill the remaining filtercake impair well productivity? The paper presents the case of a gas producing horizontal well in Indonesia completed
tting rock mechanics development plan and completion design. In this paper we will review the unique advantages and disadvantages of
ed temperature sensing systems (DTSs). It is also demonstrated that the compartmentalized completion with inflow control valves (ICVs) in
hrough operating procedures. It was found that during extended shutdown the wellbore fluid can be pushed down below the mudline using
lyzed using special graphics. However the actual effect related to capillary number and its dependency with velocity called Positive couplin
ocus of this project. In the present paper a thermal model recently developed for single-phase- and multiphase-fluid flow along a vertical d
provides real-time measurement of injection rate into each zone regardless of choke positions. The well is on a WAG cycle in which one z
ed after installation of the fully hydraulic tubing-retrievable advance completion system with digital permanent down hole monitoring system
of intelligent well technology has enabled co-owners Shell and BP to successfully develop Na Kika with a minimum number of wells and c
s (ICDs) were proposed as a solution to these difficulties in the early â€˜90s. ICDs have recently gained popularity and are being increasing
ock and fluid properties in the reservoir hence delaying early water breakthrough. This early water breakthrough causes reduction in poten
y for efficient control. We previously showed[1] that a minimum degree of un-even fluid-front progression needs to be induced in order for
s horizontal wells with multiple zones and wells with heterogeneous reservoirs using a single wellbore. Their capability to restrict water or
ntrol. This work studies scenarios to identify when â€œProactive rather than â€œReactive ICV choking policy can add greater value. Rese
CVs) and many sensors will be used to monitor analyze and control (MAC) injection and production at the zonal level. Analysis of sensor
ion of the fully hydraulic tubing-retrievable advanced completion system with digital permanent down hole monitoring system. Intelligent co
xpensive. We suggest that simple reactive control techniques triggered by permanently installed downhole sensors can enhance producti
ormal to the expected plane of propagation. Fracture tip arrivals were captured by the fixed pressure probes and showed a distinct fluid lag r
ormal to the expected plane of propagation. Fracture tip arrivals were captured by the fixed pressure probes and showed a distinct fluid lag r
a initially saturated with a surfactant solution a process known as SurfactantAlternatingGas (SAG). The CO2 was either under sub- or supe
ores are obtained by combining two porous media chosen from Benteimer and Berea sandstone and sintered glass with large permeability
d saturations with high spatial and temporal resolution. Introduction Foam is an excellent acid diversion agent for matrix acidizing operation
rature data are readily available. ï¿½A number of situations exist where the use of the wellhead as the evaluation point can lead to erroneo
ons and changing reservoir deliverability. The conventional steady-state based liquid load-up prediction approach and nodal analysis are in
nstalling a small diameter string inside the tubing the flow area is reduced which increases the velocity and restores liquid transport to surfa
ell Deliquification which aims to produce the liquids artificially in order to help the gas to flow unobstructed again. The major challenge how
dels such as Turner. The loading point is strongly dependent on inclination angle flow regime transitions and the interaction between tubing
only technology development but also knowledge management and building resource capability. This paper outlines the scope of impact a
e liquid had accumulated due to wellbore deviation. It was therefore decided to try liquid batch injection in several North Sea gas wells. The
ication of external energy to maximize economic recovery. Our research was conducted in two stages. First we modeled a simple synthetic
een developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the new approach and to configure the approach for various well characteristics. Backgroun
tubing into the annulus during shutting-in period is specially considered for liquid accumulation and slug height modeling. The new method
ng this problem is to place the pump below the producing interval effectively allowing gravity to separate the gas and water. The rule of thu
cally obtain the desired broad reservoir access. We have developed a model to predict the placement of injected acid in a long horizontal w
radius 3) creation of an enhanced permeability (dilatant) zone near the wellbore and 4) decrease in pressure drop near the wellbore to val
tion formation evaluation logs and formation tests to predict the well performance prior to the production test. We present an integrated an
aracterizes the geomechanic behavior of a field in which sanding problems are expected after depletion increase in water cut and installat
ves the perforation debris and creates wormholes that bypass the perforating and other near wellbore damage therefore perforating design
solation valve (FIV) to keep damaging completion fluid off the formation immediately after perforation and a perforating technique that utilize
he beginning of Resak Field production coiled tubing has been used to perforate numbers of infill wells with low success ratio. The reservoi
ng nodal analysis techniques coupled with perforating performance simulations. The quality and amount of data was recognized to be limite
n during HVO production and the analysis of the pressure drops through the LEP hardware. Modelling of the injection scenario with LEPâ€™
have been developed more recently. The lower-permeability reservoirs are generally of lower porosity and higher compressive strength. Dr
in Excel to test functionality and later transformed into a desktop application.ï¿½ It includes a perforating system database built from publis
g strings (up to four in some cases) sensor lines control lines or other hardware that can be damaged during perforation. The traditional a
g strings (up to four in some cases) sensor lines control lines or other hardware that can be damaged during perforation. The traditional a
sï¿½and allows the well to be produced at commercial rates while waiting for the multipurpose barge and in some cases eliminate the need
ps (ESPs). To effectively meet the operatorâ€™s needs for a method that would help optimize well productivity and at the same time be c
r section. This strategy stands opposed to using a pre-drilled liner.ï¿½ The use of a drill-in liner however necessitates perforating.ï¿½ Typ
r section. This strategy stands opposed to using a pre-drilled liner.ï¿½ The use of a drill-in liner however necessitates perforating.ï¿½ Typ
cient time. The reasons are that (a) the flow rate after an UBP continuously varies during the surge; (b) the skin factor may decrease substa
erforation. The underbalanced condition calculated based on wellbore fluid displacement is often deemed insufficient to create effective clea
oration are done in real time. Apart from space constraint at the wellsite and cumbersome logistics the main set back with the e-coil is its u
and post-perforating behavior of perforators. They have to rely on their own experiences and previous perforating histories to roughly estim
erent designs of reactive liner charges. Among all charges the only difference of note was the design and composition of the liner. All other
ted and what happens to the perforations after shooting and before they are used for production or injection. In the depleted oil field under
ell productivity decline. We analyse production data for five scaled-up producers from giant offshore field A submitted to seawater flooding
WRI) and seawater with sulphate anions. An analytical model with explicit expressions for deposited concentration and injectivity decline w
¿½The extent (size) of the induced fracture(s) will significantly impact the waste disposal process.ï¿½It is therefore necessary for well inje
ing better results to allow faster decision making. In one of the challenging areas in Ghawar field where the water will reach the wellbore mu
chieve petroleum self sufficiency by 2006. Because of the challenges presented by the heavy oil and the large geographical extension of th
such as an extension packing and hydraulic fracturing were evaluated to help minimize the risk of fines plugging because of the high fines c
screen with 150 micron weave across the 2 zones. Upon completion the reservoirs were cleaned up through a temporary well clean-up and
on at the expected drawdowns planned during the life of the wells. To help ensure high rate long life completions the producing zones are
he expected drawdowns planned during the life of the wells. To help ensure high-rate long-life completions the producing zones are frac p
f). The Trend runs approximately 30 km east to west and 50 km north to south. Production in Hawtah comes from the Unayzah sandstone a
ntion operations along with the lessons learned while implementing these case-history jobs. Introduction Chevron and Marathon each hav
omics and trade-offs of vertically-oriented perforating (with possibly managed sand production) versus frac-packing. Sand onset prediction a
were limited to <3 500 psi. FLC pill formulations also required modification because they were only validated to 1 000 psi in the current labo
meter (OD) expandable sand screen with a 150-ï¿½-weave opening across the two zones. Upon completion the reservoirs were cleaned up
well A1ST1BP1 was completed using the same techniques as were used successfully on the first two wells. The A1ST1BP1 completion fa
ll was completed with sand-control measures in place. After about ten years of production a significant amount of sand was observed durin
hrough to the gravel pack itself and subsequent completion. An integrated approach was adopted for the design of the fluid systems involvin
urate model to validate and quantify the non-Darcy mechanical skins for the high-angle OHGP gas wells and finally to develop a recomme
ernal casing packers (ECP) installed at different positions along the production screen aim the isolation of certain reservoir zones. In these
ter cake be removed uniformly to ensure lower drawdown pressure and even flow distribution throughout the producing interval of the well.
hrough to the gravel pack itself and subsequent completion. An integrated approach was adopted for the design of the fluid systems involvin
minimize friction losses. Until now standard open-hole gravel packing was the common completion in a single sand body however in pres
njunction with alternative path screens which mitigate problems caused by unpredicted downhole events. In this paper we present a new ap
e costs the Operator has completed 19 wells with Single Trip Multi-zone (STMZ) technology. Two different STMZ techniques have been ap
s these situations.ï¿½Through careful planning the processes selected to facilitate the completions were successful in achieving the proje
a tool that accurately models the complete process and aids in successfully designing these jobs. This paper presents a pseudo-3D mode
c/oil-based drilling fluids (S/OB). Considering that the openhole gravel packing in the industry deals primarily with water based fluid environ
arbonate. After installing the Stand-Alone-Screens (SAS) across the production intervals and allowing the wells to cleanup the Productivity
the perforations greatly increased the ability to pack the perforation tunnels and improved the connectivity to the reservoir. Guidelines to su
he perforations greatly increased the ability to pack the perforation tunnels and improved the connectivity to the reservoir. Guidelines to sur
X-1 well produced up to ~150 MMCFD and was taken to depletion without any sand being produced. A production log showed that all thre
offered as an alternative to mechanical sand control in the long horizontal wells due to traverse several shale and sand bodies of varying qu
nd expensive to determine which well or specific completion interval has failed most times requiring production to be shut in for diagnosis.
ottom sealing shale. The reservoir pressure is low and it contains heavy and viscous oil of 19ï¿½ API - 9 cP. This causes sand production h
nologies such as reservoir characterization perforating coiled-tubing intervention matrix acidizing resin consolidation optimized fracturing
nologies such as reservoir characterization perforating coiled-tubing intervention matrix acidizing resin consolidation optimized fracturing
with the production of the crude oil in this environment is the production of massive amounts of solids. In addition to the cost of the recomp
signs. Non-gravel pack open hole designs are also being considered for the future to meet the challenges of drilling and completion at highe
n volumes for openhole and cased and perforated completions is presented for the high rate gas wells along with the workflow used for the
c-packs. A review of the design for both producers and injectors along with the criteria related to the sand characteristics and off-shore im
amples allow to monitor in real time the initiation of the sand production and to follow the development of the sand producing zone. In pa
is reasonably stable. This paper clarifies nine forms of post-failure stabilization. Subsequently field methods to deal with sand problems wi
gy for more than 400 wells in the field. It was decided to apply a particular systematical approach termed as Sand Management Solution (S
h range for defining the stress-strain relationship (or material laws) rock failure and yield criteria and other non-linear rock parameters requ
ed reduction in productivity. Reliable sanding prediction analysis thus provides a basis for designs that achieve appropriate sand managem
ed reduction in productivity. Reliable sanding prediction analysis thus provides a basis for designs that achieve appropriate sand managem
erate a Mechanical Earth Model (MEM). This model provided the descriptions of the rock strengths and in-situ stresses in the reservoir form
erate a Mechanical Earth Model (MEM). This model provided the descriptions of the rock strengths and in-situ stresses in the reservoir form
p. The tests were performed under simulated in-situ effective stresses and drawdown conditions. Water was introduced into the flowing stre
p. The tests were performed under simulated in-situ effective stresses and drawdown conditions. Water was introduced into the flowing stre
en to represent the onset of sanding because the sand mass can offer significant resistance from frictional properties interlocking of sand g
en to represent the onset of sanding because the sand mass can offer significant resistance from frictional properties interlocking of sand g
uring field and laboratory desorption testing of coal cores. In this study we investigate numerically the importance of coal fabric namely cle
me. A series of well-documented experiments on a large-size horizontal wellbore was simulated using a finite difference numerical model.
me. A series of well-documented experiments on a large-size horizontal wellbore was simulated using a finite difference numerical model.
ce of sand production led to a well shut in. The objective of this intervention was to evaluate integrity of the completions and the remaining p
mulating the experimental results. The material behavior was simulated using an elastoplastic stress-strain relationship. The model simulate
mulating the experimental results. The material behavior was simulated using an elastoplastic stress-strain relationship. The model simulate
ions and up to the surface being the second step. Existing sand production prediction models have focused on predicting the onset of sand
n-situ stresses including magnitude and orientation and formation pressure 2) mechanical and petrophysical properties of the formations t
gan production in Q1 2001.ï¿½Preliminary scaling studies identified a risk for calcium carbonate scaling with an increased scaling risk as
Utsira aquifer water. The wells are a combination of platform and subsea and comprise extended reach horizontals with complex geometry
ery well. On the other hand the results estimated from the McLeod method and the Karakas-Tariq method substantially deviate from the ex
productivity (as characterized by a positive skin factor) relative to the equivalent openhole completion because of two factors: the converge
is because of the ability of surfactant monomers to associate and form rod-shaped micellar structures under certain conditions. Viscoelast
cid fracturing in long carbonate intervals is attaining the necessary diversion to ensure that multiple sets of perforations are adequately stim
racture is much higher than in many previous tests and the fluid loss flux is controlled to match field fluid loss rates. We studied three comm
cid fracturing in long carbonate intervals is attaining the necessary diversion to ensure that multiple sets of perforations are adequately stim
cid for deeper penetration and in-situ gelled acid a polymer-based system are used to control excessive leak-off at different stages of the
acid for deeper penetration and in-situ gelled acid a polymer-based system are used to control excessive leak-off at different stages of the
ells with long heterogeneous intervals or multiple-zone completions. A VES diverting agent is of particular interest to remedial treatments o
ation vessels. Acid-fracture treatments have typically been pumped at high rates (50+ bbl/min) treating multiple intervals simultaneously us
e fluid into the remaining lower-permeability treating zones. After treatment the SDVA barrier breaks when contacted either by formation hy
b production logs acquired in five wells provided analysis of changes in the production profiles. In one of the wells the formation was stimu
high temperatures. To address problems associated with concentrated acids various retarded acids were introduced. Organic acids were
b production logs acquired in five wells provided analysis of changes in the production profiles. In one of the wells the formation was stimu
xtureâ€”a granular aggregation of carbonate particles poor cementation and a moderate-to-low rock strength. Core analysis and rock mec
all injection rate imposed by the use of coiled tubing (CT). To make matters worse formation damage in horizontal wells is usually very deep
methodologies for the stimulation of offshore multiï¿½layer sandstone oil reservoirs was implemented. The chemistry and art of four differen
o be carefully designed and optimized to effectively stimulate the wells by reducing the skin factor to the lowest possible value in each zone
s. Though organic acids provide the benefit of retardation and low corrosivity their low dissolving capacity may still limit the wormhole penet
and fluids used to place filtration media to control formation sand production from oil and gas wells respectively. The procedure considers
attempts were made to hydraulically fracture one or more of the sands using a variety of different (water- and oil-based) fluids. However m
proper diversion. Therefore diversion is recommended in all treatments especially in extended reach and multi-lateral wells. Diversion tec
me is not optimized.ï¿½ A consequence of reservoir pressure depletion is the increase in filtrate leak-off of drilling completion as well as st
imulate such wells. However all of these methods offer short-lived stimulation and are sometimes not profitable. New experimental core flo
study primarily explores the influence of pore scale heterogeneities on stimulation treatments.ï¿½ Some results on the influence of core sca
ve zonal coverage and generating wormholes to pass the damaged zone. Placing gelled acid through coiled tubing has been the standard
ent properties reservoir fluid properties and the reservoir formation. From the sensitivity study we can conclude that the most influential fac
ential to a successful restimulation. In the past candidate selection methodology has focused on underperforming wells. This simplistic ap
s. One of those options was the recently developed CO2 viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluid system. It has recently been employed to elimin
sed fluids. However fluids of this nature can have detrimental effects on gas zones with low reservoir pressure and this might be the reason
s. One of those options was the recently developed CO2 viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fluid system. It has recently been employed to elimin
ss includes the current service standard of design execution and evaluation but goes far beyond basic well stimulation which has histori
hemical treatment was developed to reduce the damage caused by condensate and water blocking. The treatment is composed of a fluorin
eability sections and/ or high water saturation thief zones" resulting in higher water cut due to the over stimulation of the water zones instea
e previously showed that water influx time and source could be detected in horizontal wells in real time1. Extension of this technique will be
w BPâ€™s efforts to team with manufacturers to deliver new technologies that can reliably provide this functionality. By 2010 a significant
w BPâ€™s efforts to team with manufacturers to deliver new technologies that can reliably provide this functionality. By 2010 a significant
ansient phenomenon which has long been known to occur as a result of a sudden change in fluid flow velocity. In water injectors rapid shut
ecting one type or the other due to the complex nature of fluid flow in porous media exhibited by these low interfacial tension systems which
imited offset well control and poor-quality seismic data. Third the final hole section 6 000 ft of 12ï¿½-in. hole inclined at 48ï¿½ was to be
ty of these tools and their interpretations for determining the existence of poor behind casing cement quality and possibly hydraulically com
ty of these tools and their interpretations for determining the existence of poor behind casing cement quality and possibly hydraulically com
damage diagnosis fluid system selection and job design. QA/QC and compatibility tests aiming to obtain high success rate. In Brunei Sh
es as the formation would require effective acid-stimulation (not only an acid wash) to reach the desired levels of productivity. Stimulation of
of reservoir properties such as permeability and pressure as well as fluid types such as oil or gas. To generate wormholes of various diame
t interrupting the ongoing production target. The project has completed a four-years operating cycle while continuously maintaining the field
n powered jet pumps are being used in Kuparuk wells with gas lift to increase the drawdown applied to the A sand. An overview of formatio
lities which will involve project development management costs infrastructure cost and space limitation especially in the case of offshore
al Lift system types and wellbore geometry. Real life data acquired at the field trials was used to validate model results. The selection strate
er control of lift gas into the production string and in late 2007 the wells completed with gas lift were placed on production. This paper will c
mmon feature. The energy added to the lift the fluid from the wellbore is lost in the process and cannot be utilized for some other operation.
completions employing Interval Control Valves (ICVs) and Inflow Control Devices (ICDs). It reports a comparative study that illustrates the g
ls on the remotely located wellhead platform were abandoned because of wellbore instability. Without the production contribution from thes
e Carina and Aries fields located in offshore Tierra del Fuego in the most southern region of Argentina (Figure 1).ï¿½ These fields are proli
of reservoirs occurs evenly at the projectâ€™s termination. Single-well compositional simulations formed the backbone for our evaluation o
as wells as open-hole gravel packs have included both water-packs and shunt-packs. The experiences gained from these operations have
ates but also significantly improved the oil recovery. This goal was achieved through optimization of the development system and improve
trol solution while considering the cost/benefit ratio. This paper explains why an openhole gravel-pack completion was the best option in sp
mental reductions to the internal diameter (ID). This near full bore feature allows normal cementing operations to be preformed with a specia
ll basis even though the wells are very closely spaced. Sands have different oil retainer capacity and flow from clean to dirtier sands. The lo
eaknesses of the systems available. Production hotspots arising from partially plugged screens are often a problem giving rise to the challe
her minerals. However excess calcite does not improve the retention of phosphonate due to the surface poisoning effect of Ca2+. The squ
ation and/or condensed from the gas in the wellbore.ï¿½ The produced liquids considered in the analysis can be water and/or liquid hydroc
ation and/or condensed from the gas in the wellbore.ï¿½ The produced liquids considered in the analysis can be water and/or liquid hydroc
about 5 000 ft of reservoir contact.ï¿½ This paper details the process followed to achieve this milestone for the first time in Kuwait. A multi
about 5 000 ft of reservoir contact.ï¿½ This paper details the process followed to achieve this milestone for the first time in Kuwait. A multi
) method. A case study in which a multi-zone horizontal intelligent well was located in complex reservoir showed that the GPC operation is h
ls. Using the variable positions flow control valve the well was managed to improve and sustain oil production by eliminating water product
stributions along the wellbore to correct undesired fluid-front movement. In this paper we address several technical issues related to down
m the laterals. The well was managed to improve and sustain oil production by eliminating water production by use of the variable-positions
models to represent the ICVs and inflow models to represent the near-well reservoir flow in the various zones. The parameters of the mode
xposed to the reservoir equal in both types an experimental model has been built for the purpose of studying the production performance o
ol and inhibited diesel based treatments and formation cores from main Cupiagua field. These tests are focused about the behavior of thes
meability regions in the heel of the horizontal and lower permeability in the toe.ï¿½If conventional completion methods (i.e. stand-alone sc
ervoir-simulation tools. Four DESP applications were analyzed. Where possible the robustness of the numerical-modeling results will be co
well to appropriately design the completion and select the appropriate materials. The erosion nodes within the completion - changes in flo
nt and operations are required. This paper summarizes practical experience gained during the development and deployment of this system
g to determine statistical significance of explanatory variables (EVs). Methods developed to facilitate EV factor collapsing are also discussed
ymer-enhanced foam were conducted using a specially designed flow-through rotational viscometer and pipe viscometers with different con
i-analytical model is obtained by coupling the reservoir flow and wellbore flow equations. The model includes the additional pressure drops
eated wells their etched fracture length is typically short because of the high speed at which acid spends upon contact with the high tempe
til drilling the CD2-37 well in 2003. The poor reservoir quality found in the southwestern edge of the field required stimulation to produce at
til drilling the CD2-37 well in 2003. The poor reservoir quality found in the southwestern edge of the field required stimulation to produce at
The wide variations in reservoir and rock properties present significant fracture design and execution challenges. Results indicate that pro
ing chopped fibers within the fracturing gel slurry to help suspend proppant in the slurry both during the fracture pumping and also during fr
ms. The fluid systems can then further be pumped as linear gel pad stages with cross-linked proppant stages with or without the use of mat
stem have been extensively used in most fracture treatments in an attempt to control excessive leak-off during the treatment. The vertical
.0 kg/m3 (25lb/1000gal) guar polymer loading a feat previously only achievable with 3.6-4.2 kg/m3 (30-35lb/1000gal) gel loading in similar
ed with fracturing treatment could not control produced sand due to failure in perforation techniques. An improved idea of perforating only
end user and the existing literature is full of conflicting claims as to which one may be most appropriate. This paper compares four different
d in situ stress contrast on fracture geometry. A pseudo 3D (P3D) hydraulic fracture simulator with a rigorous layered modulus formulation is
ace treating pressures that exceed the limits of current surface equipment and tubulars. Surface treating pressure can be calculated using t
ndling are but a few strategies employed. Additionally operating companies have been seeking other cost-control measures including redu
h fresh water to make it a viable solvent base for fracturing fluids. This paper describes the process to properly design fracturing fluids using
ently some methodologies have been proposed to modify UFD considering the two-phase region around the fracture as a damage zone wit
emented with an appropriate data collection strategy to evaluate and compare well performance. Micro seismic data tracer logs and pump-
culation to isolate a bottom set of perforations followed by conventional frac-and-pack. When this procedure is followed the fracture is force
pumping a predetermined mixture of specialty solid materials. The case study clearly demonstrates the challenges encountered in the attem
s affect the optimization process for successful placement of treatments and optimum asset performance. In this paper we discuss the vario
ersion techniques. The efficiency of chemical diverting agents in terms of flow distribution and uniform coverage is limited when it comes to
ties of the rock in its whole thickness. This petrophysical and mechanical behavior of the reservoir added to the possibility of finding free w
nt can be carried out while providing favorable economics to the entire operation. The key fluid for treating high water cut wells is a Visco
cluding perforating fracture stimulating and isolating stages with a composite bridge plug have been applied in some cases with limited suc
nced complications during the drilling phase and encountered unexpected reservoir challenges which has kept them from achieving their pr
and multiphase flow effects are of concern in typical oil wells in Russia. For the analysis the authors evaluate three primary categories of R
use of poor permeability. There were unique challenges posed by the Gandhar candidate wells. Earlier attempts to fracture wells had been
ribed in this paper has been used to develop predictive and analysis graphical design charts of the dimensionless productivity index and ps
hydrocarbon properties it is understandable that the extensive knowledge gained in Western Siberia can not be translated to the less freque
sequential valves. When the bottom valve opens the control line becomes pressurized and transfers this pressure to a piston in the valve
g to minimize and predict fracture initiation pressures. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted to estimate the stresses in the ceme
meable medium. The real problem of hydraulic fracturing in an elastoplastic medium has been represented in the model as brittle hydraulic
while still maintaining the high proppant pack conductivity associated with the lack of polymer damage.ï¿½ In this paper laboratory test
igh rock Youngsâ€™ Modulus and unpredictable occurrence of water-bearing zones lead to the selection of foamed VES fluids.ï¿½ This te
cleanup. In the context of the Cotton Valley Formation bounding beds necessary to contain a large hydraulic fracture are non-existent excep
solution was urgently needed to enhance the productivity of wells and to mitigate the aspheltene deposition issue by allowing the wells to p
scussed builds on the initial results published in early 2006 which indicated that the polymer concentrates only in the filter cake and that flo
The first well was completed with a two stage hydraulic fracture treatment while the successive offset was completed via a single-stage fra
ficially adjusted to locate perforations on assumed positions several milliseconds discrepancies between measured and modelled SH-P-wa
permeability sandstones. Due to the low permeability stimulation is required for economical production rates. Gross pay intervals vary from
n the treatment with pressure transient and rate transient testing frequently indicating disappointingly short fractures of limited conductivity.ï
new surface profilometer to measure the surface profile of a rock sample accurately and rapidly and used the instrument to characterize fra
ght is indirectly obtained from coupling stress profile and fluid flow. Fracture azimuth is traditionally provided by the horizontal stress anisotro
t-pending technology that can generate valuable data on propped fracture height as well as insight into propped fracture width. In this new
ensate field where the wells are completed in a series of medium- and low-permeability reservoirs. Some wells cannot maintain stable pro
nt permeability of the proppant is a function of: Gas velocity (hence: rate and flowing pressure) Ratio of free liquid rate to gas rate S
r-field pore pressure. Moreover the assumptions of the Carter leak-off model do not apply in this zone. This work presents a fundamental s
tion. A new generation of viscoelastic surfactant-based acid was implemented in the field. A short term production evaluation based on the
low conditions.ï¿½ Designing the optimum stimulation fracture treatment in this case is more heavily weighted on the achievable Stimulatio
gnostics. Analysis of the surface microseismic data was carried out for five (5) hydraulic fracture stages to: (1) determine the applicability of
attributed to rotations in the direction of minimum principal stress which is consistent with observed differences in the injection pressures.
pment of a model allowing a quantitative prediction of this process is therefore a very vital task. In this paper we present a quantitative mode
o intersecting fractures in a variable stress field and the associated pressure response in order to obtain an insight into the refracture proces
rmation terminated the cleanup procedure begins. Fracturing fluid is evacuated from the well and fracture being displaced by the oil and ga
extent. Differential cased hole sonic anisotropy (DCHSA) combines the use of cross-dipole shear sonic analysis carried out before and aft
ere obtained using a modified conductivity cell to allow polymer concentration via leakoff and measurements of flow initiation gradients. T
m 7 to 14.5 bpm surface pressures were still within the pressure limit of 3000 psi given by the Floating Production Storage and Offloading (
and an accurate measurement of the hydraulic fracture heights on the borehole wells together with a representative Mechanical Earth Mod
etrically characterized by their angle with respect to the main fracture direction and by their length. Quantitative comparisons on fracture len
ductivity related to different completions stimulations and production options. The database contains 56 wells from 4 different assets and 75
ncrease of relative permeability (kr) as velocity increases and/or IFT decreases) and inertial (i.e. the reduction of kr as velocity increases) e
rk-over campaign was launched in order to equip the well with electrical submersible pumps (ESP). Work-over operations were taken as a
ve completion strategy. However previously documented annular jobs have been small size ranging from 40k to 200k lbs of proppant pum
nt concerns when developing gas-condensate reservoirs. Many gas-condensate projects are in deep hot low-permeability reservoirs for w
(OLGA) and a dynamic multi-phase reservoir simulator (MoReS). In order to give a proof of principle we have implemented a PID feedback
writing of this paper most of them in the Scandinavian sector of the North Sea. Several papers have discussed this technology but so far n
as wells as open-hole gravel packs have included both water-packs and shunt-packs. The experiences gained from these operations have
-models and micro-models packed with glass beads. The effect of droplet-to-pore size ratio droplet stability oil and surfactant type and con
steady-state two-phase gas/liquid flow. The results are presented as a function of liquid relative permeability and liquid saturation. In our me
e entire section is inefficient. Traditional completion practice on Al Khalij field (Qatar) involved cemented casing perforations and subsequ
pose for an extremely anisotropic formation. When vertical permeability is much smaller than horizontal permeability an undulating wellbore
njection performance. This paper presents field data on an injectivity study of several Prudhoe Bay injectors. Step rate tests results indicate
ter cleanup and less safety hazards. Conventional methods of cementing a liner in place perforating fracturing and repeating the process
ter cleanup and less safety hazards. Conventional methods of cementing a liner in place perforating fracturing and repeating the process
ll in Indonesia completed with a perforated liner. The target reservoir is a clean sandstone reservoir. The horizontal drain is 1155 feet (ft) lon
ll in Indonesia completed with a perforated liner. The target reservoir is a clean sandstone reservoir. The horizontal drain is 1155 feet (ft) lon
ges and disadvantages of horizontal openhole completions in the Colville River field. Three key parameters were critical to the success of h
w control valves (ICVs) in the smart well has added value because the well would not be producing from over half of the reservoir section w
n below the mudline using the dry gas from the glycol contact tower followed by diesel or methanol. Thus it eliminates the hydrate risk durin
city called Positive coupling is not yet analyzed in transient tests. As it has been mentioned in literature the effect of coupling over gas con
uid flow along a vertical deviated or horizontal well will first be briefly described. The model can be applied for both wellbore temperature p
WAG cycle in which one zone is primarily intended for gas injection and the other three zones are primarily intended for water injection. The
n hole monitoring system. Intelligent completions allows individual lateral testing allocation of production rates to optimize each lateral cont
um number of wells and continues to help provide world-class reservoir surveillance data and ensure high standards of reservoir managem
y and are being increasingly applied to a wider range of field types. Their efficacy to control the well inflow profile has been confirmed by a v
causes reduction in potential hydrocarbon recovery; the operation of the ICD is minimizing reserves left behind. If water breaks through in a
to be induced in order for effective ICV control to be observed to â€œAdd sufficient â€œValue to justify the costs and risks involved in ins
ability to restrict water or gas production and improve ultimate recovery has helped optimize overall drilling completion and production cos
n add greater value. Reservoir scenarios were created in which inter-zone connection permeability contrast between zones zonal length a
level. Analysis of sensor data will allow operations to estimate well capacity and calculate measure actual flow rates. Decisions for operatio
ing system. Intelligent completions will allow individual lateral testing and allocation of production rates to optimize each lateral contribution
rs can enhance production and mitigate reservoir uncertainty across a range of production scenarios. We assess the implementation of an
howed a distinct fluid lag region (i.e. a lower fluid pressure region close to the fracture tip). The controlled laboratory experiments showed p
howed a distinct fluid lag region (i.e. a lower fluid pressure region close to the fracture tip). The controlled laboratory experiments showed p
either under sub- or super-critical conditions whereas N2 remained under subcritical conditions in all experiments. Alpha Olefin Sulfonate (A
ss with large permeability contrast. X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans are used to visualize and quantify local fluid distributions and d
matrix acidizing operations. It is inherently non-damaging and often low cost allowing easily recursive treatments in case of an unsuccessf
point can lead to erroneous conclusions. The most obvious situation occurs with a change in geometry downhole when a tapered tubing st
and nodal analysis are insufficient to answer what happens when the well shuts in restarts and eventually dies. To address the intrinsically
es liquid transport to surface. The disadvantage of the velocity string is the increase in frictional pressure drop constraining production. Hen
The major challenge however is to find a suitable artificial lifting technology as most artificial lifting technologies work well with liquid but c
nteraction between tubing outflow behavior and the reservoir IPR. In the paper the behavior of different natural gas wells and of an air-wate
nes the scope of impact and opportunity in North America followed by the industryâ€™s approach and progress in the arena. The North Am
North Sea gas wells. The paper speaks about candidate selection chemical screening laboratory testing operational considerations and t
modeled a simple synthetic gas well and simulated the liquid loading behavior. We observed the natural ability of the reservoir energy to car
haracteristics. Background Water enters most gas wells. At the early stages of production the gas pressure is sufficiently large to lift the w
odeling. The new method improves the prediction precision compared to the conventional methods that assume the constant tubing pressu
and water. The rule of thumb (in this instance) is to limit the downward liquid velocity to values less than 0.5 ft/sec to ensure gas/water sepa
acid in a long horizontal well and to predict the subsequent effect of the acid in creating wormholes overcoming damage effects and stimu
p near the wellbore to values below the critical threshold for sanding. Even though there are analytical tools available for predicting the initi
present an integrated and structured approach for calculating the productivity of a laminated clastic reservoir and we illustrate the method w
in water cut and installation of ESPs to optimize production. To accomplish this task a 3D full field model was created. First several 1D M
erefore perforating design is not important as long as it serves the purpose of puncturing through the casing.ï¿½ This paper presents recen
ating technique that utilizes the dynamic underbalanced method which cleans perforations with more efficiency than conventional static un
uccess ratio. The reservoir characteristics with high formation pressure and BHT followed by high CO2 H2S production and improper well c
as recognized to be limited. However a qualitative diagnosis of these results indicated that the static underbalanced condition and the shap
tion scenario with LEPâ€™s has shown that in high permeability contrast reservoirs at critical flow conditions perforations located in zones
compressive strength. Drilling-mud-filtrate invasion also tends to be deeper. Deep-penetration perforating charges are required to perforate
database built from published API data.ï¿½ This is not ideal since API Section I data are an unreliable predictor of performance into stresse
rforation. The traditional approach of hiring a workover rig to remove the completion prior to perforating is in many cases not cost effective
rforation. The traditional approach of hiring a workover rig to remove the completion prior to perforating is in many cases not cost effective
cases eliminate the need for stimulation. This new perforating technique utilizes a unique job design process and specificï¿½equipment to
nd at the same time be cost effective without compromising the results of the operation an improvement over traditional tubing-conveyed p
tates perforating.ï¿½ Typically completions in such reservoirs are acid stimulated to maximise productivity.ï¿½ Complete stimulation of the
tates perforating.ï¿½ Typically completions in such reservoirs are acid stimulated to maximise productivity.ï¿½ Complete stimulation of the
ctor may decrease substantially during the flow period because the mud cake invaded filtrates and particulate pore plugging are progress
ent to create effective cleanup of the perforations. This paper outlines a solution to these challenges. For a CT perforation campaign in the
ack with the e-coil is its unavailability while the tractor has high operational cost. This paper outlines the successful perforation of horizonta
histories to roughly estimate the swell or damage conditions of similar perforators. In this paper we analyze the failure modes of continuou
sition of the liner. All other charge design parameters were kept constant. For both rock types the reactive liner charges produced perforati
he depleted oil field under study a typical completion is perforated using large diameter high shot density tubing conveyed (TCP) guns with
mitted to seawater flooding (Campos Basin Brazil) in order to predict productivity index and to plan the well stimulation program. The wells a
n and injectivity decline was developed. The location of scale deposition and the resulting injectivity impairment are calculated for a rang
re necessary for well injectivity planning and fracture sizing to have an accurate estimate of pore pressure the rock's mechanical propertie
will reach the wellbore much faster via the reservoir's fractures. Using the smart completion with the conventional rate testing (the plant's te
ographical extension of the reservoir the decision was made to develop the field with horizontal openhole gravel packs for both producers
because of the high fines content (10 to 15%). To minimize well interventions while maximizing data gathering an intelligent-well completion
mporary well clean-up and test facility to test productivity and evaluate integrity of the downhole sand-exclusion installation. Fines productio
the producing zones are frac-packed. The average perforated interval during the initial completion program was 310 ft with a maximum pe
roducing zones are frac packed. The average perforated interval during the initial completion program was 310 ft with a maximum perforate
the Unayzah sandstone and consists of Arabian super light (50ï¿½ API) sweet crude oil. Hawtah field is a mature and depleted reservoir a
n and Marathon each have a 50% working interest in the Petronius project which is operated by Chevron. The field is located in the Gulf of
g. Sand onset prediction agrees fairly well with the observed drawdown/depletion for horizontal perforations. This benchmarking appears to
000 psi in the current laboratory test apparatus. A series of burst tests were conducted on a wire-wrap screen design direct wrapped to 4-i
eservoirs were cleaned up through a temporary well-cleanup and test-facility to test productivity and evaluate the integrity of the downhole s
A1ST1BP1 completion failed during initial unloading allowing unacceptable rates of sand production. The well was worked over and the tu
f sand was observed during routine sampling of the well. This condition resulted in the closure of the well for high sand production. To resto
the fluid systems involving extensive formation damage and fluid compatibility testing. To translate the robust design into a fluid system wh
ally to develop a recommendation for the optimized design. A comprehensive semi-analytical model was developed based on modification
reservoir zones. In these cases gravel pack placement present an additional constraint â€“ operational pump rates should be high enough
ducing interval of the well.ï¿½ A review of the completion methodology in poorly sorted unconsolidated sands with high fines content in Bru
the fluid systems involving extensive formation damage and fluid compatibility testing. To translate the robust design into a fluid system wh
nd body however in presence of shales open-hole expandable screens with annular barriers and blanks between each section of sand is th
aper we present a new approach for gravel packing long high angle openhole intervals without the need for alternative flow path screens bu
techniques have been applied because of differing well characteristics and objectives. To date 14 wells have been equipped with Dual Stin
sful in achieving the project goals of the operator.ï¿½These goals included not only the production of gas at relatively high rates from the
sents a pseudo-3D modeling tool which models the complete gravel-pack process and accounts for fluid flow and gravel settling in differen
water based fluid environments new challenges for gravel packing of the associated wells are thus introduced. A significant level of progr
cleanup the Productivity Index (PI) measured on each well was very disappointing. A diagnosis study concluded that the severe productivit
eservoir. Guidelines to surging the formation and executing the perforation packing job are presented. This study also discusses the current
servoir. Guidelines to surging the formation and executing the perforation packing job are presented. This study also discusses the current
on log showed that all three payzones were open. The well did not produce any water. A more thorough analysis has been made of the ons
sand bodies of varying quality. Perforation tunnels with optimal â€œstructural stability for the given inherent material strength of the format
be shut in for diagnosis. Not until that point can a remedy be evaluated. One GOM producer engaged the services of a proppant supplier
causes sand production high water cut wormhole development and requirement for artificial lift increase drainage area and improve swee
ation optimized fracturing with proppant flowback control and fines migration prevention. The proper candidate selection treatment design
ation optimized fracturing with proppant flowback control and fines migration prevention. The proper candidate selection treatment design
to the cost of the recompletions problems associated with disposing of this amount of sand--and the effect the produced solids have on the
g and completion at higher well angle. The field requires a mix of all these techniques to meet well objectives. Introduction The South Tap
h the workflow used for the selection and optimisation of the completion design based on these estimates. The optimum completion aims to
cteristics and off-shore implementation of the completions will be described. Production strategy recommendations to minimize the sand ris
d producing zone. In parallel a numerical approach is proposed to simulate the dominant sanding mechanism. The theoretical model is b
eal with sand problems with uncertain sand rate predictions are proposed. Introduction Perforation cavities are enlarged with sand product
Management Solution (SMS) to properly address the sanding issues it was facing which involved prediction prevention monitoring and
near rock parameters required for numerical modeling analysis; (3) perform a series of formation failure and sanding potential analysis for a
ppropriate sand management strategies and maximization of economic production and overestimates or underestimates of sanding risk inc
ppropriate sand management strategies and maximization of economic production and overestimates or underestimates of sanding risk inc
esses in the reservoir formation. Somewhat surprisingly the model backed up by the core laboratory test data observations from core insp
esses in the reservoir formation. Somewhat surprisingly the model backed up by the core laboratory test data observations from core insp
duced into the flowing stream of either oil or gas at various stages of the tests to simulate water cut. The failure and sand-production proces
duced into the flowing stream of either oil or gas at various stages of the tests to simulate water cut. The failure and sand-production proces
ties interlocking of sand grains and arching.ï¿½ The approach presented here can be used to explain why sanding in the field tends to be
ties interlocking of sand grains and arching.ï¿½ The approach presented here can be used to explain why sanding in the field tends to be
e of coal fabric namely cleat spacing and aperture width on the performance of coalbed gas wells and gas compositional shifts during prod
erence numerical model. The model accounts for the interaction between fluid flow and mechanical deformation of the medium capturing v
erence numerical model. The model accounts for the interaction between fluid flow and mechanical deformation of the medium capturing v
etions and the remaining production potential of each of the wells. As deepwater and subsea fields mature intervention and surveillance op
nship. The model simulated the interaction between fluid flow and mechanical deformation of the medium in predicting sand production. Th
nship. The model simulated the interaction between fluid flow and mechanical deformation of the medium in predicting sand production. Th
redicting the onset of sanding by predicting the drawdown at which failure of the formation will start. A further development are models wh
perties of the formations transected by the wellbore and 3) properties of drilling fluid and its interaction with shale formations. The likelihood
increased scaling risk as the wells mature.ï¿½ In May 2002 the first obstruction occurred and was identified as CaCO3 resulting in a progra
s with complex geometry and lesser numbers of vertical wells. Detailed scale predictions have been performed to identify the scaling risk fo
ntially deviate from the experimental data; hence these models/methods should be used with caution. The literature hosts many equations
two factors: the convergence of the flow to the perforations and the blockage of the flow by the wellbore itself. Because of the orientation o
ain conditions. Viscoelastic surfactant-based acid systems have been used in Saudi Arabian fields in matrix acid stimulation and in leakoff
ations are adequately stimulated. Because of their high solubility and highly fractured/vugular nature carbonate reservoirs in the Permian
es. We studied three commonly used acid fracturing fluidsâ€”an acid viscosified with polymer an emulsified acid system and an acid viscos
ations are adequately stimulated. Because of their high solubility and highly fractured/vugular nature carbonate reservoirs in the Permian
at different stages of the treatment along with the alternating stages of polymer pad. These treatments in the vertical wells target several re
f at different stages of the treatment along with the alternating stages of polymer pad. These treatments in the vertical wells target several r
t to remedial treatments of frac-/gravel-packed wells because damage to the near-wellbore area and completion should be minimized for o
tervals simultaneously using various methods for fluid diversion including ball-sealer technology and limited-entry perforating to ensure ev
ed either by formation hydrocarbons or pre- and postflush fluids. Quantifying diversion fluid efficiency and cleanup are important factors fo
s the formation was stimulated first with 15% HCl through coiled tubing and then with the viscoelastic diverting acid system bullheaded do
ced. Organic acids were used also in some cases. These organic acid systems were used successfully to acid fracture several wells in a de
s the formation was stimulated first with 15% HCl through coiled tubing and then with the viscoelastic diverting acid system bullheaded do
ore analysis and rock mechanics assessment revealed that much of the rock is weak and potentially prone to deconsolidation after acid st
wells is usually very deep as a result of long exposure times. This paper discusses the application of a new viscoelastic-surfactant (VES)-b
stry and art of four different acidizing methods involving Tubing Pickling Bullheading Diversion and Coiled Tubing placement were used. S
ssible value in each zone. At the same time the selected optimum acid system placement and diversion techniques need to be applicable
l limit the wormhole penetration leading to insufficient stimulation of the formation. Therefore opportunity exists to mix HCl with an organic a
The procedure considers filter paper medium natural core and synthetic core as the three filtering options. The paper also includes step-by
based) fluids. However many of the wells indicated positive skin factors following the fracture treatments irrespective of the fluid system us
teral wells. Diversion techniques can be classified as mechanical or chemical.ï¿½ Mechanical control of treating fluid placement can be ac
completion as well as stimulation fluids. The sensitivity of the formation to wellbore fluids the impact of the wettability changes and near w
New experimental core flooding data using chemical treatments show that the steady-state gas and condensate relative permeability in both
n the influence of core scale heterogeneities are also presented. Core samples from eight different carbonate rocks were selected for the s
ng has been the standard practice to clean up the wellbore. Due to the low pumping rate stimulation results have been limited. A change w
hat the most influential factors in the treatment response i.e. the water cut reduction are the combination of polymer adsorption type (kinet
g wells. This simplistic approach has yielded disappointing results and has led to a common misconception that restimulations â€œdonâ€™
been employed to eliminate the disadvantages of the traditional polymer-based fluid. This VES-CO2 fluid system combines the benefits of
d this might be the reason for erratic well performance of previously treated Frontier completions. It has also been determined that oil-base
been employed to eliminate the disadvantages of the traditional polymer-based fluid. This VES-CO2 fluid system combines the benefits of
mulation which has historically used limited data. Another important feature of the integrated solutions is a proper risk assessment based o
t is composed of a fluorinated material delivered in a unique and optimized glycol-alcohol solvent mixture. The chemical treatment alters the
of the water zones instead of the oil bearing zones. The objective of the present field case study was to place the stimulation fluid equally t
n of this technique will be shown to allow confident detection of water influx in vertical or deviated multi-zone and/or multi-lateral I-well com
ty. By 2010 a significant portion of BPâ€™s production will come from complex water flooded reservoirs in an environment of rising opera
ty. By 2010 a significant portion of BPâ€™s production will come from complex water flooded reservoirs in an environment of rising opera
water injectors rapid shut-in creates a water hammer. Over time injectors that undergo repeated rapid shut-ins often have significantly redu
ial tension systems which are different from those of conventional gas-oil systems. In this study we have investigated the performances of
ined at 48ï¿½ was to be drilled through two pressure ramps one unstable slump zone and one pressure regression on its way to the targe
possibly hydraulically communicating layers was critically and systematically examined by a dedicated team of ZADCO and Schlumberger t
possibly hydraulically communicating layers was critically and systematically examined by a dedicated team of ZADCO and Schlumberger t
ccess rate. In Brunei Shell a self-raising rig (BIMA) with a coil-tubing unit on board is used to overcome the limitations due to weather. A
roductivity. Stimulation of long intervals and how to ensure full coverage of treatments is a recurrent topic of debate several approaches h
ormholes of various diameters and penetration depths different acid types and volumes have to be used. Acidizing for optimized productivi
ously maintaining the field production rate with an acceptable ESP failure and run life. So far 41% of the originally installed ESP systems a
d. An overview of formation powered jet pumps used at Kuparuk Field is presented. Formation powered jet pumps could be beneficial in oth
ly in the case of offshore locations. In the Southern Offshore Area of Chevron operations several wells have quit and require some kind of
sults. The selection strategy resulted in the creation of a robust artificial lift selection matrix and charts for various well configurations as we
oduction. This paper will cover the data collection effort and analysis completed to determine the efficiency of the two types of gas lift nozzle
for some other operation. This paper describes a new technique of artificial lift which uses the concept of venturi to lift the fluid to the surfa
study that illustrates the greater cleanup efficiency of advanced long horizontal well completions over that achieved by the equivalent conv
ion contribution from these wells the first yearâ€™s production target would not be met. To meet the production targets a complete well re
ï¿½ These fields are prolific gas fields and are being developed with a reduced number of wells with departures of up to 4 Km @ 1500 m T
bone for our evaluation of three completion options. Each reservoir was characterized by history matching drillstem tests (DSTs). Experime
m these operations have now become part of BPâ€™s open-hole gravel pack best practices. The paper details the completion evolution in
ment system and improved development of oil-water zone reserves and the reserves contained in the zones with poor reservoir properties.
was the best option in spite of some challenges such as large vertical net pays and high hydrostatic pressures of the sodium formate-base
e preformed with a special cement wiper plug. A control line is connected between sequential valves. When the bottom valve opens the co
an to dirtier sands. The lower most units comprise of unconsolidated sands that are thinly distributed. These unconsolidated sands are norm
m giving rise to the challenge of installing rugged sand face completions which again could also compromise production. When it comes to
g effect of Ca2+. The squeeze can be designed so that maximum squeeze life is achieved by forming a low solubility phase in the formatio
water and/or liquid hydrocarbons. This paper presents an optimization technique for determining the most efficient production tubing string
water and/or liquid hydrocarbons. This paper presents an optimization technique for determining the most efficient production tubing string
st time in Kuwait. A multi-disciplinary team consisting of Geology Petrophysics Geophysics Drilling and Service Company was instrumen
st time in Kuwait. A multi-disciplinary team consisting of Geology Petrophysics Geophysics Drilling and Service Company was instrumen
hat the GPC operation is highly effective. The robustness of the technique was illustrated by its ability to operate effectively in the complex r
eliminating water production. Monitoring the rate and the flowing pressure in real time allowed producing the well optimally. The appraisal a
cal issues related to downhole controls. We consider a single system comprising the reservoir the completion the measurement and the fe
e of the variable-positions flow-control valve. Monitoring the rate and the flowing pressure in real time allowed for optimal well production. T
e parameters of the model need to be updated regularly using real-time measurements and production tests and we discuss the impact of
production performance of the abovementioned well configurations. Production performance in both systems has been compared using nu
about the behavior of these treatments when they are applied in core flooding tests to reduce liquid saturation and also to increase the gas
ethods (i.e. stand-alone screens gravel packs or expandable screens) were used the result would likely have been early water breakthrou
modeling results will be compared with analytical predictions. DESPs gave improved oil production and recovery in reservoirs with strong aq
ompletion - changes in flow direction (e.g. a tee such as in the wellhead) and/or flow constrictions - were identified as: the tree; a landing nip
deployment of this system. Introduction During the completion process of a well certain operations are performed to enable the well to pro
apsing are also discussed (the partitioning of levels of each factor into nonempty subsets of statistically similar response) so that an accep
ometers with different concentrations of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) polymer. Correlations have been developed for rheological parameter
additional pressure drops due to mechanical skin and non-Darcy effect. Additionally the model could handle non-uniform flux non-uniform
ontact with the high temperature reservoir. The quest to increase the effective half-length of the fracture and enhance production led to the s
stimulation to produce at economic rates. A hydraulic fracture treatment was performed resulting in a 200% production increase. Over the p
stimulation to produce at economic rates. A hydraulic fracture treatment was performed resulting in a 200% production increase. Over the p
Results indicate that propped-fracture treatments become increasingly more difficult to place as porosity decreases and this problem is p
umping and also during fracture closure. The primary goal was to be able to create a more even distribution of proppant in the created fract
or without the use of materials for fracture height-growth control (HGC). The Yaraynerskoe oilfield case study documents the fiber assisted
e treatment. The vertical well treatments target several reservoir sub-layers with varying degrees of porosity and permeability contrast. The
gal) gel loading in similar geological conditions.ï¿½ In addition to reducing damage with lower polymer concentrations other advantages o
d idea of perforating only the lower side of deviated wells using minimum viscosity fluids and minimum amount of pad with limited proppant
er compares four different flowback aids: microemulsion two water-wetting flowback additives and an oil-wetting additive. Careful laborator
ed modulus formulation is used in this study. The fracture height calculated based on uniform modulus versus layered modulus under the
can be calculated using the equation: Ps = BHTP + Pfric â€“ Phyd â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦â€¦.. (1) Ps = surface pressure BHTP = bottomho
measures including reducing the number of additives in fracture fluids and minimizing disposal costs of produced waters by recycling and b
sign fracturing fluids using flowback and produced water. The importance of flowback water analysis is highlighted for optimizing fluid perfo
ure as a damage zone with reduced permeability. These methods are generally oversimplified as they neglect the phase change and variati
ta tracer logs and pump-in data were used to calibrate and constrain appropriate fracture evaluation models (P3D and 3D).ï¿½ Rate-trans
owed the fracture is forced to propagate along the upper intervals. This novel technique is particularly useful for wells with water-producing
s encountered in the attempt to increase the fracture half-length in order to improve the fracture treatment and the increasingly difficult task
paper we discuss the various factors crucial to successful completion of a fractured horizontal well. We discuss these factors in relation to b
limited when it comes to treat such complex wells with long openhole intervals (see Fig. 1). This paper illustrates a case history where an
ossibility of finding free water in the lowest part makes it difficult to reach the best results by means of a unique fracture. Within the optimiz
water cut wells is a Viscoelastic fluid that provides self-diversion from water to oil bearing formations. At the same time this same fluid can
me cases with limited success. The time consumed in the completion operations extends over weeks making wells uneconomical. In additi
m from achieving their production targets. These wells require stimulation to regain their productivity but the available choices to achieve e
ee primary categories of Russian production wells: gas wells oil wells producing above the bubblepoint and oil wells producing below the b
to fracture wells had been unsuccessful. In addition the water bearing sand posed a risk to successful execution; the fracture had to be con
productivity index and pseudosteady state shape factors for use in improved hydraulic fracture stimulation design and evaluation.ï¿½ Exam
anslated to the less frequent but well engineered and planned stimulation campaigns in the Volga-Urals basin. This paper presents a summ
re to a piston in the valve immediately above. This piston squeezes a C-ring and makes the ID smaller. At the end of the fracture treatment
the stresses in the cement and formation near the wellbore with sliding sleeve. FEA was used to adjust valve parameters that increased te
model as brittle hydraulic fracture growth in a quasielastic medium. The medium resistance to fracture development is determined by varia
his paper laboratory test results for the new fluid are presented along with three high-permeability case histories.ï¿½The estimated reserv
med VES fluids.ï¿½ This technology was successfully applied in the Morrow Sands in Eddy County of SENM.ï¿½ Fracture geometry analysi
re are non-existent except for the Taylor sand. Studies have been conducted of fracture fluid clean-up which indicate that fluid clean-up or
by allowing the wells to produce above the AOP. The option of acid fracturing was evaluated and found to be feasible to alleviate the probl
the filter cake and that flow along the fracture encounters significant yield stress when the filter cake cumulative thickness dominates the w
eted via a single-stage fracture treatment.ï¿½ The evaluation tools utilized to determine the resultant fracture attributes include microseismi
ed and modelled SH-P-wave traveltime differences may appear along the receiver array. These traveltime discrepancies may then be misin
ss pay intervals vary from 2 800 ft to 3 600 ft and wells are stimulated in multiple fracture stages. Each fracture stage may target three to six
es of limited conductivity.ï¿½ In order to design an optimized fracture treatment it is imperative that numerous factors be understood includ
rument to characterize fracture surfaces after acidizing. The profilometer measures the distance to the rock surface with a laser device tha
horizontal stress anisotropy from open hole sonic logging. Unfortunately in West Siberia at depth of 2500-3000 meters there is negligible
fracture width. In this new technology a non-radioactive tagging additive is incorporated into the resin coating of the proppant. This non-haz
cannot maintain stable production rates and have either been shut-in or are on intermittent production. Factors may include low reservoir q
liquid rate to gas rate Stress on the proppant Type of proppant Thus apparent proppant permeability will vary with distance from th
presents a fundamental study of fracture tip behavior in high permeability formations. We consider a steadily propagating fracture taking in
n evaluation based on the initial production (post flowback) from these wells could not clearly distinguish between the benefits obtained from
the achievable Stimulation Index (SD) for a given set of reservoir parameters and job sizes and on optimization of the flow rate and cumula
ermine the applicability of the surface microseismic approach in the absence of an offset observation well; and (2) characterize fracture heig
n the injection pressures. Introduction The effectiveness of hydraulic-fracture stimulations is critical for optimal economic production of tight
esent a quantitative model to predict proppant flowback. The model is based on treating both the proppant pack and the reservoir as poroe
into the refracture process. The modeling results show that a refracture treatment can undergo three distinct periods of fracture growth: ï¿
splaced by the oil and gas flow under the influence of pressure differential. The quality of fracture cleanup determines in the long run the ef
carried out before and after hydraulic fracturing and adequately supported by other logs (ultra-sonic cement evaluation) to infer the change
flow initiation gradients. The paper will discuss the experimental set-up and some of the artifacts that had to be removed prior to ensuring
Storage and Offloading (FPSO) facilities. However the injection rate was decreased with increase in pressure and skin factor was found t
ve Mechanical Earth Model (MEM). In these mature fields an accurate evaluation of the hydraulic fracturing operations is vital to enhance t
mparisons on fracture length width and injection pressure are made for several offset angles and lengths. Large increases in net pressure
m 4 different assets and 750 acid and proppant treatments in 663 perforated intervals. It was found that the absolute total production per int
kr as velocity increases) effects. However the interaction of capillary viscous and inertial forces within highly conductive propped fractures
perations were taken as an opportunity to re-stimulate lower-performing wells of the field. Several options were considered for this purpose f
200k lbs of proppant pumped at relatively low injection rates of 15-25 BPM. This paper describes the practices of massive annular fracturin
rmeability reservoirs for which well costs are a significant part of the project economics. It is well known that the deliverability of gas-conden
plemented a PID feedback controller which controls the gas fraction in a well by changing its wellhead choke or inflow control valve (ICV) s
is technology but so far none has presented a rigorous analysis or solution of the wellsâ€™ production from a gas lift perspective. This pa
m these operations have now become part of BPâ€™s open-hole gravel pack best practices. The paper details the completion evolution in
nd surfactant type and concentration were studied through visualization experiments. It was observed that blockage happened because of s
quid saturation. In our measurements the wetting state is varied by the treatment with a fluorochemical compound. Then the effect of wett
perforations and subsequent stimulation of the limestone with retarded emulsified hydrochloric acid and ball sealers. This paper describes
ity an undulating wellbore may be favorable to overcome the low vertical permeability. Undulation in wellbore trajectory will change the inflo
rate tests results indicated no significant difference in injectivity between horizontal and conventional vertical injectors with time. It was con
nd repeating the process for the number of stages required can be very time consuming with added expense of removing the frac plugs with
nd repeating the process for the number of stages required can be very time consuming with added expense of removing the frac plugs with
al drain is 1155 feet (ft) long. The reservoir permeability is ranging between 0.1 and 5 millidarcies (mD) An engineered oil-based mud was u
al drain is 1155 feet (ft) long. The reservoir permeability is ranging between 0.1 and 5 millidarcies (mD) An engineered oil-based mud was u
critical to the success of horizontal openhole completions and could be applied broadly in other situations. Using these three criteria other m
of the reservoir section without the smart completion. Introduction Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) is a keen implementer of wells with soph
ates the hydrate risk during extended shutdowns. Confirmed by the actual data the cold restart simulations found the warm-up time in the w
t of coupling over gas condensate wells improves the pair of krg and krc and minimized the effect of skin rate dependent. Flow-after-flow te
th wellbore temperature prediction (forward modeling) and for flow profiling using a measured temperature profile (inverse problem). The m
ed for water injection. Therefore equipment that can control and measure water flow and gas flow with no changes in hardware was critica
optimize each lateral contribution and the overall commingled well rate. Along with real time monitoring sustainability of well rate will be ext
rds of reservoir management. The fields are in a complex deepwater turbidite environment. Many of the reservoirs are highly faulted and c
as been confirmed by a variety of field monitoring techniques. An ICD is a choking device installed as part of the sandface completion hard
water breaks through in a well without ICD these hydrocarbons are lost and cannot be drained subsequently. This paper covers the design
and risks involved in installing this relatively new technology. ICV(s) can balance the fluid-front provided they are placed correctly. A typic
pletion and production costs. Electric Submersible Pumps play a key role in producing from oil wells that are incapable of producing natura
ween zones zonal length and other reservoir parameters were systematically varied. The interaction between the aquifer and reservoir was
es. Decisions for operational control will be made based on the data analysis the results of which will be used to optimize overall field perfo
e each lateral contribution and the overall commingled well rate. Along with real time monitoring sustainability of well rate will be extended
the implementation of an intelligent horizontal well in a thin oil rim reservoir in the presence of reservoir uncertainty and evaluate the bene
ory experiments showed planar fracture propagation trends as expected from three-dimensional modeling. Introduction Since the inception
ory experiments showed planar fracture propagation trends as expected from three-dimensional modeling. Introduction Since the inception
Alpha Olefin Sulfonate (AOS) surfactant was used as foaming agent. We found that injection of gas following a slug of surfactant can cons
cal fluid distributions and differentiate foam propagation in the different layers. From both the model and the experiments we conclude that f
in case of an unsuccessful operation. Foam is resistant to strong and rapid deformations encountered in porous media and in some cases
when a tapered tubing string is run in a well or when the tubing is set above the perforations. In these instances a more robust evaluation r
o address the intrinsically transient multi-phase flow problems a combined study of completion inflow analysis and wellbore dynamic simul
nstraining production. Hence an optimal velocity string has to be selected such that liquid loading is delayed over a long period with a minim
work well with liquid but cannot handle free gas. A further challenge is to make the existing onshore technologies fit for use in environments
as wells and of an air-water test setup are analyzed. Simulations were performed using both commercially available software and dedicated
n the arena. The North American industry is working a variety of deliquification technologies for â€œchallenging gas with developments ran
onal considerations and the results of the offshore field trials. The results from the first trials were above expectations. One cycling well wa
he reservoir energy to carry the produced fluids to the surface and then eventually declining production with increasing liquid accumulation
fficiently large to lift the water that enters the wellbore. Gas and water mist flow to the surface where the water content is easily separated f
he constant tubing pressure for the entire process. The resistance coefficients of the plunge motion in four different phases are determined
to ensure gas/water separation. High steel prices dictate smaller casing strings be used where possible to enhance project economics in o
damage effects and stimulating productivity. The model tracks the interface between the acid and the completion fluid in the wellbore mode
able for predicting the initiation of sanding for simple well configurations there are very few models that are capable of predicting cavity stab
we illustrate the method with a field example from Malaysia. A single well predictive model incorporates logs rock and PVT data and form
eated. First several 1D Mechanical Earth Models (MEMs) were developed. These 1D MEMs were calibrated using drilling data laboratory m
This paper presents recent research that looks into the impact of perforating on matrix acid stimulation.ï¿½ Large scaled single-shot perfora
han conventional static underbalanced perforating method. In addition a passive gun-orienting system was used to optimize the perforating
uction and improper well clean up contributed in the increase of operational risks and challenges. Several failures reported in the past was c
ed condition and the shaped charges used were not enough to effectively clean the perforation tunnel and surpass the near wellbore dama
orations located in zones with permeability variation between 10 000 and 1 000 mD have the same maximum injection rate. If the wells fro
s are required to perforate past the damaged zone. Experience indicates that underbalance perforation provides better productivity compar
f performance into stressed rock but this is the only published data allowing direct comparison between systems. The tool calculates depth
y cases not cost effective leading to foregone opportunities to extend production by perforating new intervals or reperforating existing prod
y cases not cost effective leading to foregone opportunities to extend production by perforating new intervals or reperforating existing prod
d specificï¿½equipment to ensure the guns are detonated in the correct environment to createï¿½a dynamic underbalance immediately afte
ditional tubing-conveyed perforating (TCP) was required. A propellant-assisted (PA) perforating method that could optimize well productivity
omplete stimulation of the reservoir section is very difficult to achieve using acid diversion techniques in a karstic environment due to the lar
omplete stimulation of the reservoir section is very difficult to achieve using acid diversion techniques in a karstic environment due to the lar
ore plugging are progressively removed at the vicinity of the sandface region; (c) the crashed layer of the perforation tunnels is cleaned up.
rforation campaign in the South China Sea a CT string equipped with fiber optic cable inside was used coupled with a bottomhole assemb
ul perforation of horizontal wells in the Niger Delta while addressing the operational issues encountered. The first case history is Addax OR
ailure modes of continuously phased perforators for both gas well and oilwell applications. Important factors concerning carrier serviceability
harges produced perforations with lower productivity than the baseline conventional charge. The reduction in the normalized Productivity Ra
onveyed (TCP) guns with deep penetrating charges shot underbalanced using the classic â€œshoot and pull technique. After shooting bef
tion program. The wells are completed by gravel packs. Complete mixing of sea- and formation waters in production well neighbourhoods i
are calculated for a range of sensitivities including reaction kinetics (ranging from minimum to maximum values as obtained from corefloo
ock's mechanical properties and the minimum in-situ stress in the injection horizon.ï¿½This collective information can be used to estimate t
rate testing (the plant's testing facility) required longer time to reach the best possible setting for the downhole flow control valves to achiev
packs for both producers and injectors. Fifteen production wells and eleven injector wells were drilled and completed in the field. As a resul
intelligent-well completion using surface-controlled sub-surface variable chokes for internal gas-lift and surface controlled sub-surface fixed
stallation. Fines production possibly due to a failure of the expandable screens commenced almost immediately upon well bean-up and ste
310 ft with a maximum perforated interval of 571 ft. The typical production casing string for the wells consists of 10-3/4 in. casing with an 8-
with a maximum perforated interval of 571 ft. The typical production-casing string for the wells consists of 10 3/4-in. casing with an 8 1/16-i
e and depleted reservoir and in order to maintain economical levels of production a combination of several technologies is being applied. D
ld is located in the Gulf of Mexico 150 miles south of Mobile Alabama. The project was sanctioned in August of 1996 after both compliant-
benchmarking appears to support the validity of the shear-failure model. This is important because the model while fairly simple has many
sign direct wrapped to 4-in. base pipe. The objective was to determine if the screen could withstand at least 4 600 psi without damage. The
ntegrity of the downhole sand-exclusion installation. Fines production possibly caused by a failure of the expandable screens steadily incr
as worked over and the tubing with eight control lines and a premium-sand-control screen with shunt tubes were retrieved/fished from the w
sand production. To restore production from the well current economic realities favored through tubing intervention. Two major types of thr
sign into a fluid system which can be applied effectively in the field a thorough fit for purpose QA/QC system for all drilling and completion
ed based on modification of the horizontal well model. The additional pressure drop is added to consider the mechanical skin and non-Darc
s should be high enough to avoid alpha wave sedimentation around the packers to assure sealing after the packer inflation process. Tradit
h high fines content in Brunei also indicates that the situation is not much different from above demanding to lower production drawdowns w
sign into a fluid system which can be applied effectively in the field a thorough fit for purpose QA/QC system for all drilling and completion
each section of sand is the only completion option except in fine sand environment. In this paper we present experimental data of shale s
ative flow path screens but retaining the advantages of high gravel concentration slurries. This is supported by 2 field case histories from a
n equipped with Dual Sting - STMZ completions and five wells have the new Single String-STMZ technology. These 19 wells embody 77 fr
tively high rates from the shallow unconsolidated sand-stone reservoir at approximately 1000 m TVD but also minimization of impact to the
d gravel settling in different flow paths. The presented simulator tracks the fluid flow and gravel concentration from the wellhead down throu
A significant level of progress has been made in recent years towards overcoming the challenges through new developments in fluids app
that the severe productivity impairment on these wells was related to either screen plugging by mud particles while running the screens to b
also discusses the current practices commonly employed in cased-hole gravel packing to pack perforation tunnels and the potential limitatio
lso discusses the current practices commonly employed in cased-hole gravel packing to pack perforation tunnels and the potential limitation
has been made of the onset of sanding in the X-1 well to understand the benefits of oriented perforations and to benchmark the sand pre
rial strength of the formation rock can be achieved by targeting perforations in the most stable direction with respect to the in-situ stress fie
es of a proppant supplier to determine whether a suite of proppants/gravel could be developed that could be uniquely identified and placed
e area and improve sweep efficiency. In the early stage of field development a reservoir failure was observed. A documented investigation
election treatment design treatment execution production management and co-ordination of all services are essential to the success of th
election treatment design treatment execution production management and co-ordination of all services are essential to the success of th
oduced solids have on the facilities such as stabilization of emulsions--are a large cost to operations. A program was initiated in 2002 to e
roduction The South Tapti gas field is located 160 km north north-west of Mumbai in the Arabian Sea off the west coast of India. The field i
timum completion aims to delay the onset of sand to surface for the first 18 years of production whilst maintaining high gas productivity (>3
ns to minimize the sand risk during well start-up and ramp-up and also well steady-state production will be given. This paper will provide an
The theoretical model is based on the resolution of the equations of equilibrium at the interface between the intact zone and the slurry mad
nlarged with sand production. The cavities become contiguous and form larger cavities around a cased hole. Finally they form irregular cavi
evention monitoring and if required remediation activities. The first step in the SMS was to obtain a clear understanding of the cause and
ng potential analysis for a variety of possible well completion design scenarios using 3-D finite element technique for rock structure coupled
imates of sanding risk increase the chances of serious economical loss. This raises the question of how accurate and reliable sanding pred
imates of sanding risk increase the chances of serious economical loss. This raises the question of how accurate and reliable sanding pred
servations from core inspection and thin section analyses revealed the rocks to be extremely hard and strong and therefore highly unlikely
servations from core inspection and thin section analyses revealed the rocks to be extremely hard and strong and therefore highly unlikely
d sand-production processes were observed and recorded using a borescope in real time. The results showed that the effect of water cut o
d sand-production processes were observed and recorded using a borescope in real time. The results showed that the effect of water cut o
ng in the field tends to be episodic and how depletion which is a major factor in rock breakup can be highly effective in holding broken-up
ng in the field tends to be episodic and how depletion which is a major factor in rock breakup can be highly effective in holding broken-up
sitional shifts during production. Because of the cubic relationship between fracture permeability and fracture aperture width (and thus fract
f the medium capturing various mechanisms of failure. The model allows capturing the episodic nature of sanding and the resulting change
f the medium capturing various mechanisms of failure. The model allows capturing the episodic nature of sanding and the resulting change
ention and surveillance options on subsea wells have to be explored and developed. Several operational challenges were faced during the
cting sand production. The model simulated strain softening of the material accompanied with shear-bands formation as well as tensile failu
cting sand production. The model simulated strain softening of the material accompanied with shear-bands formation as well as tensile failu
velopment are models which try to predict the total volume which can be expected to be produced by assessing the geometrical extend o
formations. The likelihood of wellbore instability and sand production for the development wells was assessed using in-house developed we
CO3 resulting in a programme of remediation and treatment as discussed previously in SPE 94865.ï¿½In late 2004 however zinc and lea
o identify the scaling risk for each producer. From these it was identified that the major risk to well performance and integrity was CaCO3 pr
ure hosts many equations to predict the total skin factor in partially perforated vertical wells. Some of the available models have been tested
ecause of the orientation of a horizontal well relative to the anisotropic permeability field perforation skin models for vertical wells that consi
timulation and in leakoff control acids during acid-fracturing treatments. These surfactants were used to provide diversion during acidizing
eservoirs in the Permian Basin show excellent response to acid fracturing treatments. However inadequate diversion can leave substantia
ystem and an acid viscosified with surfactantsâ€”at elevated temperatures of 200ï¿½F and 275ï¿½F. The acid fracture conductivity appara
eservoirs in the Permian Basin show excellent response to acid fracturing treatments. However inadequate diversion can leave substantia
ical wells target several reservoir sub-layers with varying degrees of porosity and permeability contrast. These layers are often divided by a
rtical wells target several reservoir sub-layers with varying degrees of porosity and permeability contrast. These layers are often divided by a
should be minimized for optimum production. Laboratory studies and field applications have demonstrated the nondamaging properties of a
y perforating to ensure every target zone is contacted and adequately stimulated (Alastair et al. 1999). At present the demand for stimulatio
up are important factors for successful candidate selection and job design. Laboratory tests defining these key factors are presented in this
cid system bullheaded down the production tubing; production logs were acquired after each treatment. The results from comparison of p
cture several wells in a deep gas reservoir in Saudi Arabia. Field data however indicated that there is a need to create deeper and more-c
cid system bullheaded down the production tubing; production logs were acquired after each treatment. The results from comparison of p
consolidation after acid stimulation. Weakening of the rock matrix often leads to borehole instability and loss of wellbore integrity at the an
oelastic-surfactant (VES)-based self-diverting acid system for stimulation of more than 20 horizontal openhole wells in carbonate reservoirs
placement were used. Stimulation of over forty wells utilizing different acid systems and procedures resulted in noticeably different product
ues need to be applicable in the field in a simple manner without impacting the overall treatment logistics. The use of a hydrochloric acid sy
mix HCl with an organic acid to achieve productivity enhancement by optimizing the wormhole penetration and profile. Organic acids that a
aper also includes step-by-step example calculations of viscosity controlled leakoff coefficient and wall building coefficient. Introduction Filtr
ctive of the fluid system used. In at least one case a well stopped producing after being treated. A core study revealed that despite the rela
luid placement can be accomplished by coiled tubing with an inflatable packer or with conventional straddle packers or ball sealers.ï¿½ Alt
bility changes and near wellbore damage is not fully evaluated on all formations and fields. It is though evident that the volumes of wellbore
lative permeability in both outcrop and reservoir sandstones can be increased by a factor of 2 to 3 over a wide range of temperature (145 to
ks were selected for the study. Samples were characterized for mineralogy texture fabric porosity and density distribution using Nuclear M
been limited. A change was initiated aiming to have the acid pass the damaged zone and generate wormholes through effective diversions
mer adsorption type (kinetic or equilibrium) with method of application of the resistance factors (threshold or variable) resistance factor ratio
estimulations â€œdonâ€™t work. Production statistics of a well alone may not offer an effective restimulation candidate selection methodolo
combines the benefits of viscoelastic surfactant-based fluidâ€”such as low formation damage superior proppant transport and low friction
determined that oil-based fluids can alter the reservoir wettability and hence cause formation damage. With this in mind and considering th
combines the benefits of viscoelastic surfactant-based fluidâ€”such as low formation damage superior proppant transport and low friction
risk assessment based on available data. Often especially in old fields information is out of date limited or unavailable. Combining toge
emical treatment alters the wettability of water-wet sandstone to neutral wet and increases the gas relative permeability. The increase in ga
stimulation fluid equally throughout all intervals of the oil bearing layers while temporary protect the zones suspected to be mainly contribu
or multi-lateral I-well completions. The source of water influx into the well and the zonal fluid contribution will be quantified allowing this unw
vironment of rising operating costs. The injection wells in these fields need to accept in some cases up to 65 000 barrels water per day. T
vironment of rising operating costs. The injection wells in these fields need to accept in some cases up to 65 000 barrels water per day. T
ten have significantly reduced injectivity and show evidence of sanding and even failure of the down-hole completion5. It is therefore critica
ated the performances of SW HW and VW in both single-layer homogenous and layered gas-condensate reservoirs. ECLIPSE 300 compo
ion on its way to the targeted reservoirs. The evaluation program for the well was solely logging-while-drilling (LWD)-based and included s
DCO and Schlumberger technical professionals. The criteria used to judge the usefulness of these logs was the present or not of communic
DCO and Schlumberger technical professionals. The criteria used to judge the usefulness of these logs was the present or not of communic
ations due to weather. A combined pumping procedure (coiled tubing and bull-heading) was implemented to best-fit individual well conditio
ate several approaches have been discussed in the literature. In the particular case of Nâ€™Kossa this issue was not only rendered difficu
g for optimized productivity requires first determining what is desired wormhole pattern. Currently the numerical models focus on computer
y installed ESP systems are operating more than 4 years and 20% are operating in the range of 3-4 years run life. The cumulative average
s could be beneficial in other multi-zone oil fields around the world to increase oil production rate while reducing water production rate and
and require some kind of support to flow to surface. Artificial lift (gas lift) has been identified as the best method to optimize production from
well configurations as well as production rates for optimum well performance. This approach has a significant impact on gas well production
wo types of gas lift nozzles used in the completions the methodology for optimization of SAGD gas lift systems and recommendations for fu
to lift the fluid to the surface. A high velocity power fluid is used to create drawdown at the throat of a surface venturi and this pressure draw
ed by the equivalent conventional openhole completion. The highest cleanup efficiency is predicted to be achieved by an intelligent comp
argets a complete well redesign was undertaken. First the tubing was upsized from 7 in. to 9-5/8 in. Then semi-openhole completions with
of up to 4 Km @ 1500 m TVD/RKB. The drilling scenario for Carina/Aries phase 1 included two horizontal wells to be drilled from the platfor
m tests (DSTs). Experimental design (ED) reduced the large number of simulation runs to a manageable few for probabilistic forecasting. C
he completion evolution in BPâ€™s offshore Trinidad and Tobago high rate gas fields and the relative performance of these completion typ
poor reservoir properties. The use of the horizontal completion allows development of the reserves which would have never been possible
the sodium formate-based reservoir drill-in fluid and the sodium-potassium formate completion brine. Compared with other alternatives su
ottom valve opens the control line becomes pressurized and transfers the bore pressure to a piston in the valve immediately above. This p
nsolidated sands are normally completed using cased hole gravel pack. In order to select optimal completions it required both identification
duction. When it comes to selecting a sand face completion strategy several operators have a number of concerns. This paper examines s
ility phase in the formation. Addition of Ca2+ Mg2+ and Fe2+ in the pill solution at 0.1 to 1 molar ratios significantly improves the retention
t production tubing string setting depth design that will keep the wellbore continuously unloaded of produced liquids yet result in the maxim
t production tubing string setting depth design that will keep the wellbore continuously unloaded of produced liquids yet result in the maxim
e Company was instrumental in utilizing state-of-the-art 3D seismic interpretation LWD resistivity at bit real-time imaging and distance to b
e Company was instrumental in utilizing state-of-the-art 3D seismic interpretation LWD resistivity at bit real-time imaging and distance to b
ffectively in the complex reservoir environment when the signal is perturbed by outliers or by random noise levels up to the control error lim
optimally. The appraisal and acceptance loop of the completion has been closed by having this well completed put on production and teste
measurement and the feedback algorithm that adjusts flow-control devices with quantitative models for each of the components. Both pre
optimal well production. The appraisal and acceptance portions of the completion process were achieved when this well was completed p
we discuss the impact of different smart-well instrumentation levels on the updating process. We simulated the performance of this produc
been compared using numerical and physical model. Results have proven that the dual-lateral well configuration accelerates the oil recov
d also to increase the gas effective saturation in a porous media. The offered results can be interpreted as a preliminary sight about the us
en early water breakthrough and well abandonment.ï¿½The authors will highlight the inflow control device selection process integrated c
n reservoirs with strong aquifer support and became progressively more attractive in a layered-reservoir scenario as the pressure difference
as: the tree; a landing nipple profile near the surface; and a formation isolation device (FID) positioned in the gravel pack assembly. The ke
d to enable the well to produce by creating an unobstructed flow path for the oil and lifting it to the surface. This process is intended to realiz
sponse) so that an acceptable degree of parsimony is achieved. Essential definitions necessary for preliminary data structure are also cove
for rheological parameters of aqueous- and polymer-based drilling foams. On the basis of the experimental results of foam rheology and a
uniform flux non-uniform skin distribution and selective completion with blank pipes. Both oil well and gas wells are evaluated. For gas wel
nce production led to the search for novel effective technologies capable of achieving this goal. One such technology is the solid acid system
ction increase. Over the past three years a stimulation program has evolved with improvements in candidate selection performance and p
ction increase. Over the past three years a stimulation program has evolved with improvements in candidate selection performance and p
ses and this problem is primarily attributed to higher natural fracture/fissure density in the lower-porosity higher-modulus zones. Production
ppant in the created fracture while reducing the polymer requirement for the fracturing gel slurry. A secondary goal was to use slugs of the
cuments the fiber assisted fracturing fluid technology used with HGC materials as a significant improvement in HGC solution. This technolog
permeability contrast. These layers are often divided by lithological streaks that make vertical communication challenging. Hence in many in
tions other advantages of degradable fiber usage were anticipated to be proven after proppant fractures geometries and production param
pad with limited proppant sand concentration resulted in low net pressure build up. These challenges were prevailed over by the application
additive. Careful laboratory testing was done to look at surface tension and contact angle for each flowback aid using the recommended co
ered modulus under the same in situ stress contrast conditions is compared. The results are analyzed and explained based on fracture m
essure BHTP = bottomhole treating pressure Pfrict = friction pressure Phyd = hydrostatic pressure The equation shows that an increase in
waters by recycling and by using them as the base for completion and fracturing fluids. Because of the uncertainty of the produced water im
d for optimizing fluid performance downhole. Recent developments in proper selection of fluid additives and viscosifiers for slickwater and c
phase change and variation of relative permeability with interfacial tension (IFT) and velocity for these low IFT systems. They also require d
D and 3D).ï¿½ Rate-transient production analysis techniques together with statistical data techniques were incorporated to evaluate stimul
wells with water-producing zones near the bottom of the target zone because it induces selective growth of the fracture along the upper inte
increasingly difficult task of simultaneously controlling fracture height growth. In addition to the risk of the post-frac increase in water-cut th
ese factors in relation to both longitudinal and transverse fracture applications. Success factors include the optimum perforation process ov
a case history where an innovative technique was used on stimulating a naturally completed horizontal well that experienced a production
acture. Within the optimization process that is followed in the development of this field the implementation of a strategy of selective stimula
e time this same fluid can be used on long intervals to divert matrix stimulation treatments from stimulated to un-stimulated intervals or fro
ls uneconomical. In addition the prolonged time over which the frac fluid remains in the formation before being flowed back often affects we
able choices to achieve effective stimulation in horizontal open hole completions have traditionally been limited at best. Previous stimulatio
ells producing below the bubblepoint. For each category the authors describe the significance of non-Darcy and multiphase flow effects by
the fracture had to be contained within the zone of interest. High Pressure and high temperature operations posed additional challenges tha
n and evaluation.ï¿½ Example applications of the dimensionless productivity index and pseudosteady state shape factor solutions develope
is paper presents a summary of the knowledge gained in Samara fields of the Volga-Urals basin with emphasis on the results obtained an
of the fracture treatment to the lower valve a dart is dropped during the flushing operation. This dart lands on the C-ring and seals the bore
rameters that increased tensile stress in the cement and formation. Unstressed cement tests were then conducted on a variety of sliding s
ent is determined by variable apparent fracture toughness which is a function of the fracture length and is found from the analysis of energy
.ï¿½The estimated reservoir permeabilities were as high as 167 mD and reservoir heights ranged from 30 -90 feet.ï¿½In all cases the ent
Fracture geometry analysis using surface treating pressures radio-active tracers and production data showed height growth containment a
cate that fluid clean-up or more importantly the lack of fluid clean-up is a primary cause of ineffective or less than desired fracture length. Th
sible to alleviate the problems. The paper details an optimization workflow and integrated evaluation process that improve the treatment pe
hickness dominates the width of the fracture. The new results presented here demonstrate successful strategies that mitigate the effects of
butes include microseismic hydraulic fracture monitoring hydraulic fracture surface treating pressure-history matching and tracer and produ
ancies may then be misinterpreted as an effect of TI anisotropy and use of such an anisotropic model may lead to the mislocation of the de
age may target three to six sands with eight to twelve total stages for each well. The study shows mapping results for fracture treatments in
tors be understood including proppant embedment formation spalling temperature degradation conductivity loss over time non-Darcy flo
ce with a laser device that measures distance with an accuracy of 0.001 in. The rock sample is mounted on a servo-table that automatically
meters there is negligible tectonic and open hole sonic dipole did not provide obvious fracture orientation. Fracture height growth affect mos
he proppant. This non-hazardous environmentally safe coated proppant can be transported and applied without any of the restrictions ass
ay include low reservoir quality reservoir pressure and specific production conditions. A reliable methodology for selection of candidate w
vary with distance from the wellbore increasing towards the tip of the fracture where liquid ratio and velocity are lower. This variation of p
pagating fracture taking into account the flow within the fracture filtrate leak-off across the fracture faces and kinetics of filter cake growth.
the benefits obtained from the viscoelastic diverting acid versus the in-situ gelled acid.1 However the wells treated with viscoelastic surfact
f the flow rate and cumulative production. We discuss the reasons for and alternatives to conductivity impairment within the fracture; fractu
characterize fracture height azimuth length and symmetry with respect to rock properties. Hydraulic fracture stimulations to date at SR ha
onomic production of tight gas. Deformation associated with fracturing results in small-magnitude microearthquakes that can be used to ima
nd the reservoir as poroelastoplastic media. It allows for solid production from the proppant pack but also from the formation itself in case th
ods of fracture growth: ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Period I: Dominant orthogonal fracture propagation. It exhibits a rapid pressure increase due to the s
ines in the long run the effectiveness of oil recovery measures. Fracturing fluid being left entrapped in the fracture decreases its effective oi
ation) to infer the change in anisotropy; the latter anisotropy includes the creation of a propped width. While the methodology has been use
emoved prior to ensuring more reliable data.ï¿½The results highlight the crucial role played by the filter cake and present new data that wo
nd skin factor was found to be increased. Another observation was that the formation was not fractured at pressures exceeding the expecte
ations is vital to enhance the effectiveness of the fracturing treatments and improve the production results. Multiple hydraulic fracturing oper
increases in net pressure and associated increases in overall fracture volume are shown which can result in increased treatment costs slo
ute total production per interval is similar for all assets; however the drawdown applied in 1 asset is 4 times lower than the other assets. Th
ductive propped fractures is yet unknown. In this work we report a series of steady state gas-condensate relative permeability values for a
nsidered for this purpose from mechanically-diverted acid squeeze to propped hydraulic-fracturing or acid-fracturing this later option being u
massive annular fracturing treatments down the 5-1/2 by 2-3/8 annulus used at the Bajiaochang Gas Field Sichuan Basin China as a su
eliverability of gas-condensate wells can be impaired by the formation of a condensate bank once the bottomhole pressure drops below the
flow control valve (ICV) settings on a realistic test case. We introduce a strategy to find an optimal production set point for this controller an
s lift perspective. This paper presents the basic theory behind auto gas lift and how to apply it. The components of the theory are well kno
he completion evolution in BPâ€™s offshore Trinidad and Tobago high rate gas fields and the relative performance of these completion typ
ge happened because of size exclusion. Also the blockage was accelerated due to droplets coalescence as a result of high shear rate or su
d. Then the effect of wettability on the high-velocity coefficient in two-phase flow is investigated. Results show that when the liquid is strong
ers. This paper describes a new and different approach which involves leaving drains in openhole condition and using a slow acting stimu
ectory will change the inflow distribution along the wellbore and therefore change the wellbore performance. When two-phase flow is involv
ctors with time. It was concluded that the key to operating horizontal wells is achieving and maintaining fractures in multiple locations and li
moving the frac plugs with coiled tubing after the operations have been completed. When drilling a horizontal well there are two preferred
moving the frac plugs with coiled tubing after the operations have been completed. When drilling a horizontal well there are two preferred
ered oil-based mud was used as drill-in fluid to prevent any damage to the reservoir. A carbonate particle-based filtercake was used to crea
ered oil-based mud was used as drill-in fluid to prevent any damage to the reservoir. A carbonate particle-based filtercake was used to crea
hese three criteria other major North Slope reservoirs were evaluated to determine their potential for horizontal-openhole-completion applic
menter of wells with sophisticated trajectories for achieving maximum reservoir exposure. The aim is to drain oil from stacked sand bodies t
the warm-up time in the wellbore to be less than an hour. The actual data also show the cumulative water cut one hour after restart was fou
endent. Flow-after-flow tests of 6DD+1BU have done in gas condensate wells in the Monagas Field Venezuela. The results have shown th
(inverse problem). The model has successfully been applied for investigating key thermal characteristics of single-phase- and multiphase-f
es in hardware was critical for the success of this installation. The combination of downhole chokes and flowmeters allows full control and m
ility of well rate will be extended by timely reacting to any changes to reservoir and well conditions. Using variable positions flow control val
s are highly faulted and compartmentalized due to salt movement and several extend beneath salt structures and are difficult to image. Pe
sandface completion hardware. It aims to balance the horizontal wellâ€™s inflow profile and minimize the annular flow at the cost of a limit
is paper covers the design and application of new open hole sand face completion architectures equipped with Inflow Control Device techno
e placed correctly. A typical example would be their installation across zones showing early water or gas break-though. This allows â€œVa
pable of producing naturally at commercially viable rates. ESPs are commonly used in wells which cannot lift the oil to surface due to low re
aquifer and reservoir was observed when producing these reservoirs with a horizontal IW using a range of â€œReactive and â€œProactiv
optimize overall field performance and maximize financial returns. In this study a strategy was developed to maximize Agbamiâ€™s full-fie
well rate will be extended by timely reacting to any changes to reservoir and well conditions. Using variable-position flow control valves ear
ty and evaluate the benefit of using two completions in conjunction with surface and downhole monitoring. Three control strategies are test
uction Since the inception of the hydraulic fracturing technique as a means to improve productivity of oil and gas wells the hydraulic fractur
uction Since the inception of the hydraulic fracturing technique as a means to improve productivity of oil and gas wells the hydraulic fractur
lug of surfactant can considerably reduce gas mobility and promote higher liquid recovery at the experimental conditions investigated. Foam
ments we conclude that foam is primarily generated in the high-permeability layers where it propagates at a much higher speed than in the
media and in some cases to the contact with hydrocarbons.1 Foam is also an excellent mobility control agent that has been widely used to
more robust evaluation results from using conditions at the bottom of the well and the downhole tubing geometry. Other conditions exist w
d wellbore dynamic simulation was performed. The analysis indicates that the wellâ€™s productivity had been substantially reduced. Befor
a long period with a minimal impact on production. This requires accurate methods to predict pressure drop in the velocity string as well as
fit for use in environments that require the use of a SSSV (offshore). This paper addresses the phenomenon of liquid loading and presents
e software and dedicated dynamic models. The onset of liquid loading and the dynamic behavior of a flooded well during a restart were pre
as with developments ranging from adapting existing oil-field technologies to developing gas-specific technologies to â€œon the horizon t
ions. One cycling well was able to be kept online five times longer than under normal operating circumstances while for another well its tim
asing liquid accumulation. Second we performed a sensitivity analysis of the well's energy (i.e. siphon or velocity tubing strings) versus add
ntent is easily separated from gas using separation equipment. As the production of the well continues the reservoir pressure drops to the p
t phases are determined by combining the dynamic model with field test data. An example is given to illustrate the dynamic performance of
ce project economics in operations such as coalbed methane. However smaller pipe sizes result in higher flow velocities for a correspondin
fluid in the wellbore models transient flow in the reservoir during acid injection considers frictional effects in the tubulars and predicts the d
le of predicting cavity stability or cavity growth for general field applications. This paper introduces results from a fully-coupled geomechanic
k and PVT data and formation tests to build a flow simulation model at the resolution of the petrophysical analysis. By calibrating the high re
g drilling data laboratory measurements well tests and other field measurements. The calibrated rock mechanical properties from the 1D M
scaled single-shot perforating tests were conducted using real shaped charges to perforate carbonate core samples under downhole condi
o optimize the perforating process and enhance the wellâ€™s performance. The new technique was applied in 2003 to horizontal Well-1 w
reported in the past was carefully analyzed to determine the actual root cause prior to coming up with the proper job design and operationa
s the near wellbore damaged zone. Dynamic underbalanced perforating coupled with high performance charges was selected as the techn
ection rate. If the wells from Peace River perform similar to the Imperial D-36 HWCSS LEP wells from Cold Lake then the expected gross p
better productivity compared to overbalance perforation. Although conventional underbalance perforation can be performed using pipe-conv
The tool calculates depth of fluid invasion stress-corrected penetration and crushed zone properties at log resolution.ï¿½ An inflow profile
eperforating existing producing zones. With casingless completions even this option is not available. A downhole orienting and imaging pla
eperforating existing producing zones. With casingless completions even this option is not available. A downhole orienting and imaging pla
rbalance immediately after perforating. Laboratory tests show how this fast acting dynamic underbalance created across the perforated inte
optimize well productivity while maintaining stringent health safety and environmental standards was proposed. The propellant-assisted pe
environment due to the large variability in the permeability. ï¿½Propellant-assisted perforating was considered as it achieves effective stimu
environment due to the large variability in the permeability. ï¿½Propellant-assisted perforating was considered as it achieves effective stimu
on tunnels is cleaned up. The existing pressure transient analysis methods to determine the skin were almost exclusively developed with an
with a bottomhole assembly capable of measuring both bottomhole temperature internal and external CT pressure and in addition casing c
case history is Addax ORW-11H a horizontal well planned to have the lateral section slimmed down to 6 in. hole. After successfully drilling
rning carrier serviceability are discussed. A method based on energy conservation is used to establish a swell model to predict the post-det
normalized Productivity Ratio (PRn) ranged from 29% to 66%. Furthermore the reactive liner charges produced characteristic â€œdynamic
nique. After shooting before the guns are pulled the well is killed. Perforation and kill related damage severely impacts these wells leading
on well neighbourhoods in the reservoir under consideration was assumed in previous works. Using this assumption quasi steady state mo
as obtained from coreflood and field data) fraction of produced water in the injected mixture and barium concentration in produced/re-inje
can be used to estimate the required injection pressure and the number of injectors throughout the production period. In addition well pla
w control valves to achieve the optimum flow rate. Using the combination of smart completion and portable MPFM (Multiphase Flow Meter)
ed in the field. As a result of the perceived technical complexity of the development and requirement to maximize completion efficiency th
ntrolled sub-surface fixed chokes was proposed. Another design challenge was that conventional wire-wrapped screens would have insuff
upon well bean-up and steadily increased to the extent that the well was deemed unproducible to the facilities.ï¿½ The failure of the first we
0-3/4 in. casing with an 8-1/16 in. production liner. Drift diameter through the tapered production casing is 9-1/2 in. and 6-1/2 in. respectivel
in. casing with an 8 1/16-in. production liner. Drift diameter through the tapered production casing is 9 1/2 and 6 1/2 in. respectively. The 6
logies is being applied. Due to the poor natural production from the vertical cased and perforated completions in Hawtah and little associat
996 after both compliant-tower and subsea-development options were evaluated. The compliant-tower alternative was selected because o
le fairly simple has many different inputs including depth profiles for unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and in-situ stresses which in
psi without damage. The wire-wrap design selected to improve the pressure rating was substantially heavier than what has been used in tr
able screens steadily increased to the extent that the well was deemed unproducible to the facilities. A re-evaluation of the sand-exclusio
etrieved/fished from the well with minimal problems. The retrieved screens had collapsed around the perforated base pipe. The well was re
on. Two major types of through tubing remedial sand control solutions were considered namely mechanical and screen-less (chemical cons
all drilling and completion fluids was developed requiring extensive fluids testing and reporting at the well site. The paper describes in deta
hanical skin and non-Darcy flow in the near-wellbore zones of drilling damage mud-cake gravel packs and the sand screen. This investiga
er inflation process. Traditionally design criteria consider a minimum critical velocity to avoid sand deposition. The specification of minimum
r production drawdowns while delivering production quotas.ï¿½ The lower drawdown extends the integrity of sand control completion jewel
all drilling and completion fluids was developed requiring extensive fluids testing and reporting at the well site. The paper describes in deta
perimental data of shale stabilizer treated-brine and three open-hole gravel packing case histories from one UGS field in Italy. In the three c
ield case histories from a field in India where two gas wells were drilled with an oil-based drill-in fluid and gravel packed with a viscous wat
se 19 wells embody 77 frac packs / gravel packs. The average completion time has been 11.3 rig days/well for DS-STMZ wells. SS-STMZ
nimization of impact to the environment. To minimize cost and still accomplish the project goals the wells were drilled from a single platfo
m the wellhead down through the workstring crossover ports open-hole and screen-washpipe annuli and then back to the surface through
velopments in fluids application tools and techniques. These developments have resulted in successful gravel packing of wells drilled with
e running the screens to bottom in the NAOBM and/or the plugging induced by a mixture of formation sand mud and filter cake when draw
and the potential limitations of these practices. Incomplete packing of perforation tunnels is mostly encountered in gravel-pack jobs compl
and the potential limitations of these practices. Incomplete packing of perforation tunnels is mostly encountered in gravel-pack jobs comple
o benchmark the sand prediction against field observation. The method estimated sand strength from logs in the X-1 well. A correlation bet
ect to the in-situ stress field. For high angle wells this normally equates to shooting in the vertical plane through the well path. Over a decad
uely identified and placed in each completion interval. In the event of proppant production to surface (mechanical failure) the surface sampl
documented investigation indicated that the failure mode appeared to be wormhole-like failure2. To date there have been several failures w
ential to the success of the screenless completion. In this paper the common sequence of events for a screenless completion is presented
ential to the success of the screenless completion. In this paper the common sequence of events for a screenless completion is presented
was initiated in 2002 to evaluate the effectiveness of the completions in the Duri field. This effort involved evaluated field data such as the
coast of India. The field is operated by a joint venture between BG Exploration & Production India Limited (BGEPIL) ONGC and Reliance
g high gas productivity (>300mmscf/d/well). The selection of contingency sandface completions is also discussed along with mitigation meas
This paper will provide an overview of the behavior of both sand control techniques after 5 years of production and injection. An in depth an
ct zone and the slurry made of eroded sand and oil. An algorithm in 2-D was developed and implemented in a finite element code. Two ca
ly they form irregular cavities as shown in Fig.1. ï¿½ Fig.1 Cavity growth during sand production To model the sand flow each cavity mus
tanding of the cause and the mechanism for the sand production. This knowledge was required because attempts to run new completion de
or rock structure coupled with well production and fluid flow simulation.ï¿½ The types of completion design analyzed include cased hole co
and reliable sanding predictions might be achieved without overcomplicating the analyses and without requiring complex lab and field data
and reliable sanding predictions might be achieved without overcomplicating the analyses and without requiring complex lab and field data
d therefore highly unlikely to sand. These findings contradicted with initial impression and previous expectation on this sandstone that it sho
d therefore highly unlikely to sand. These findings contradicted with initial impression and previous expectation on this sandstone that it sho
at the effect of water cut on perforation strength and sand production depends on the mineralogical composition of the sandstone and the d
at the effect of water cut on perforation strength and sand production depends on the mineralogical composition of the sandstone and the d
ctive in holding broken-up sand grains together and in fact become a sand-stabilizing agent.ï¿½ The proposed approach is used in discus
ctive in holding broken-up sand grains together and in fact become a sand-stabilizing agent.ï¿½ The proposed approach is used in discus
rture width (and thus fracture porosity) for a given cleat permeability the production profile of coal seams varies depending on whether the
g and the resulting changes in the geometry and formation consistency and behavior within the sand impacted regions. Sand detachment is
g and the resulting changes in the geometry and formation consistency and behavior within the sand impacted regions. Sand detachment is
es were faced during the planning and execution of this operation due to the sand prone nature of the wells combined with the subsea envi
ion as well as tensile failure. In the post-disaggregation phase additional features were considered including allowing for the removal of th
ion as well as tensile failure. In the post-disaggregation phase additional features were considered including allowing for the removal of th
the geometrical extend of the failed zone. These volumetric estimates of sand production are often based on rock mechanical models wh
ng in-house developed wellbore stability and sand production prediction tools. Mud weight stability profiles showing the variation of lower a
004 however zinc and lead sulphide scale deposits were also identified.ï¿½These had not been predicted during the initial scaling studies
d integrity was CaCO3 precipitation in the upper tubing with potential failure of the downhole safety valve. The risk varied from negligible to
models have been tested against the results from the 3D semianalytical model. It has been shown that total skin-factor equations based o
or vertical wells that consider these effects notably the Karakas and Tariq model (1991) are not directly applicable to perforated horizontal
diversion during acidizing of vertical long horizontal and multilateral wells. They were used in sour environments where hydrogen sulfide le
sion can leave substantial portions of the reservoir untreated. Different acid systems have been developed to counter the problems in acid f
acture conductivity apparatus is similar to a standard API fracture conductivity cell but with a capacity to hold core samples that are 3 in. lon
sion can leave substantial portions of the reservoir untreated. Different acid systems have been developed to counter the problems in acid f
ers are often divided by anhydrite or dolomitic streaks that make vertical communication within the reservoir challenging. Hence acid fractu
yers are often divided by anhydrite or dolomitic streaks that make vertical communication within the reservoir challenging. Hence acid fractu
damaging properties of a VES fluid. This paper reviews the properties of the vesicular-type VES diverting fluid reviews the operational con
the demand for stimulation vessels is extremely high because of the level of new well-development and general stimulation activity in the N
tors are presented in this paper. This paper demonstrates the diverting ability of the acid as a function of permeability characterized by intr
sults from comparison of pre- and post-job production logs clearly show a change in the production profile after the stimulation with the visc
create deeper and more-conductive fractures. To achieve this goal it was decided to conduct a field trial with a newly developed acid syste
sults from comparison of pre- and post-job production logs clearly show a change in the production profile after the stimulation with the visc
ellbore integrity at the anticipated drawdown required to meet completion objectives. The two exploratory wells in this study were cased w
ls in carbonate reservoirs in Kuwait. The application also deployed a new nonparticulate material that forms a highly viscous plug when it co
oticeably different production gains. The short and long term results are correlated with the stimulation procedures and practices. The prese
e of a hydrochloric acid system containing a viscoelastic surfactant system that allows upon acid spending the development of viscosity in
ofile. Organic acids that are utilized in stimulating carbonate formations include formic acetic and more recently citric and lactic. Selecting
efficient. Introduction Filtration control of stimulation and gravel pack fluids is key for the appropriate fluid design and engineering. Failure to
ealed that despite the relatively low clay content in the formation the critical velocity was less than one cc/min. Moreover the retained matrix
ers or ball sealers.ï¿½ Although mechanical techniques are very effective they are more expensive and time consuming than chemical tec
at the volumes of wellbore fluids lost to the reservoir impact final productivity. It equally affects the possibility to flow the well back after stimu
nge of temperature (145 to 275ï¿½ï¿½F). Spectroscopic data show that the sandstone surface remains modified by the chemical even after
stribution using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Computed Tomography (CT) scanning Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) mercur
rough effective diversions. This paper describes the application of acid/diversion systems and pumping schedules to improve acid coverag
le) resistance factor ratio reservoir fluid properties and reservoir layout. On the other hand the polymer viscosifying effect is not such an in
idate selection methodology. Other parameters such as high BHP (remaining reservoir energy) recoverable reserves f-h1 and favorable re
ransport and low friction pressuresâ€”with carbon dioxide advantages of enhanced cleanup and better hydrostatic pressure. This fluid was
n mind and considering the environmental and economical benefits of using a water-based fracturing fluid a novel visco-elastic surfactant b
ransport and low friction pressuresâ€”with carbon dioxide advantages of enhanced cleanup and better hydrostatic pressure. This fluid was
vailable. Combining together available pieces of information through the structured process helps put together the â€œbig picture which
ability. The increase in gas relative permeability was quantified by comparing the gas relative permeabilities before and after treatment. Imp
cted to be mainly contributing with water from the stimulation fluid using two different types of viscoelastic surfactant (VES) polymer free div
uantified allowing this unwanted fluid's production to be reduced. Knowledge of the influx time and source permits both production optimisa
0 barrels water per day. The use of DHFC reduces the number of injection wells by using one wellbore to enable conformed injection into m
0 barrels water per day. The use of DHFC reduces the number of injection wells by using one wellbore to enable conformed injection into m
ion5. It is therefore critical to understand the nature of water hammer including the magnitude frequency and energy dissipation. To study
oirs. ECLIPSE 300 compositional reservoir simulator which includes our in-house relative permeability (kr) correlation accounting for the co
WD)-based and included structural dip and azimuth from density and gamma imaging sensors and formation pressures and gradients from a
resent or not of communication behind casing as determined by the physical test. For the twenty-eight wells examined twenty-five of the ce
resent or not of communication behind casing as determined by the physical test. For the twenty-eight wells examined twenty-five of the ce
-fit individual well condition. Close cooperation among different parties (Well services Subsurface technology teams Operation services a
s not only rendered difficult by the length of the perforated intervals (up to 1200m) but also derived from the combination of lithology and pe
models focus on computer rendered wormholing pattern by pre-selected acid formulation and volume from past experiences and cost consid
The cumulative average run life of operating ESPs is 2.7 years and that of failed ESPs is 1.74 years. To maintain required production targe
water production rate and lifting costs. Introduction Kuparuk Field (Fig.1) is the second largest oil field located on the North Slope of Alaska.
o optimize production from the wells reviewed in this case. However the infrastructure required to implement the gas lift in the offshore loca
act on gas well production; often loaded up with liquid and prematurely abandoned due to lack of proper artificial lift strategy. The paper m
nd recommendations for future improvement. Background Surmont an in-situ oil sands project is located approximately 60 kilometers sout
uri and this pressure drawdown is transmitted downhole by pressure tappings. The drawdown lifts the fluid through the production tubular in
ed by an intelligent completion employing both sensors and ICVs. The wellâ€™s full production potential will only be realised if a proper re
penhole completions with pre-drilled liners and openhole packers were selected instead of the conventional cased and perforated design to
be drilled from the platform CARINA-1 (85 m water depth) and two horizontal wells from the platform ARIES (65 m water depth) for a targe
robabilistic forecasting. Comparison of three options suggested that all of them nearly produced the desired results of maximum liquid reco
e of these completion types from sand control and well productivity standpoints. Characteristics of bp Trinidad & Tobagoâ€™s High-Rate G
ave never been possible to produce with vertical wells because of poor economics. Another crucial achievement resulting from horizontal c
d with other alternatives such as cased hole gravel-pack or frac-pack completions the openhole gravel-pack option has several advantages
mmediately above. This piston squeezes a Cring and makes the ID smaller. At the end of the fracture treatment to the lower valve a dart is
required both identification and estimation of the radial extent of the near-wellbore mechanical alteration that might cause near-wellbore per
ns. This paper examines sand control options (barefoot standalone pre-drilled liner / screens or slotted liners gravel pack and expandables
tly improves the retention of phosphonate. Alternatively these metal ions can be dissolved from the formation while an acidic inhibitor pill is
ds yet result in the maximum gas recovery possible under those conditions.ï¿½ The optimization can be performed for a single completion
ds yet result in the maximum gas recovery possible under those conditions.ï¿½ The optimization can be performed for a single completion
maging and distance to boundary measurements to place this first MRC well for the Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) entirely within the thin targe
maging and distance to boundary measurements to place this first MRC well for the Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) entirely within the thin targe
up to the control error limits. The value of these control error limits must be increased as the step size of each valve operation becomes lar
ut on production and tested. Approval of the concept was achieved when the anticipated benefits were realized by monitoring the actual pe
the components. Both pressure and flow-rate control systems are discussed. Downhole control is modeled for electrical reversible hydrauli
his well was completed put on production and tested. The concept was approved when the anticipated benefits were realized during monit
erformance of this production-optimization strategy in a reservoir simulator. Some numerical aspects of the algorithm and problems encoun
n accelerates the oil recovery by 90% in the early stage of production compared to the horizontal well. Thus the oil recovery using dual-late
iminary sight about the use of these treatments on lab scale before applying them as stimulation fluids on a field project. The study consis
ion process integrated completion and reservoir analysis well completion operations summary and production results and predictions.ï¿½
as the pressure difference between the production zones increased. However while DESPs had no significant advantages in a long horizo
el pack assembly. The key parameters were defined as particles of sharp sand with a diameter of 50 microns at a concentration of 0.1 lbs
ocess is intended to realize actual production that measures up to the forecasted potential of the well. After a well is constructed a commu
ata structure are also covered. We demonstrate the practical utility of this methodology on a comprehensive data set to enable unbiased an
s of foam rheology and a steady-state momentum balance equation a foam-flow hydraulics model was developed to predict pressure profi
re evaluated. For gas wells the standard pseudo-functions are used. Detailed discussion of the effects of formation damage and non-Darcy
ogy is the solid acid system which was field tested for the first time in the world in a Saudi Aramco gas producer. The material is pumped as
ection performance and predictability. Future plans include continuing to stimulate candidate wells by incorporating horizontal completion te
ection performance and predictability. Future plans include continuing to stimulate candidate wells by incorporating horizontal completion te
modulus zones. Production data indicate that these natural fractures or fissures do not measurably contribute to productivity but can be â€œ
al was to use slugs of the fiber to bridge at the fracture entry face and divert the treatment into new fracture planes thereby improving the co
C solution. This technology combination additionally enhances fracture placement success. As the treatments significantly differ from the re
lenging. Hence in many instances acid fracturing ends up over-stimulating the highest reservoir quality zones and by-passing or under-stim
ies and production parameters (including PI and Jd) evaluation. Analyses of the fracturing treatments have been performed based on botto
led over by the application of a new fiber technology in which fiber is used (1) to transport higher sand concentration to the fracture and (2)
sing the recommended concentrations. Imbibition and drainage tests were done which allowed calculating the capillary pressures for the th
ained based on fracture mechanics fundamentals as well as the coupled fluid pressure effect in hydraulic fracturing. One important finding
shows that an increase in hydrostatic pressure results in a reduction in surface pressure. This is true as long as any corresponding increase
y of the produced water impurity composition and concentration it is extremely challenging to make a fracturing fluid compatible with prod
sifiers for slickwater and crosslinked fluids are discussed. We will describe in detail how the salinity biological activity and scaling tendency
tems. They also require data that are not readily available in particular the pressure profile (the two-phase boundary) around the wellbore.
porated to evaluate stimulation techniques (proppant & fluid volumes) and to validate the differences/ similarities observed between micro-s
cture along the upper intervals and mitigates the risk of growing the fracture into the water-producing zone. A case study of a frac-and-pac
c increase in water-cut the uncontrolled fracture height growth into the water zone is also considered to be a major cause of premature scr
m perforation process overcoming fluid flow convergence towards the wellbore in case of a transverse fracture and the fluid flow and stres
experienced a production drop to zero shortly after the completion in 2004 due to formation damage and incomplete cleanup. This techniqu
rategy of selective stimulation through the pumping of two hydraulic fractures directed to reach different challenges provides the best optio
-stimulated intervals or from high permeability intervals to low permeability intervals. These features are unique and inherent to its nature
wed back often affects well productivity. This paper describes the experience of three operators in Latin America that have implemented a
best. Previous stimulation attempts with coiled tubing have yielded modest improvements mainly due to difficulty in accessing the long dee
multiphase flow effects by use of the fracture-flow theory and state-of-the-art fracture-production models. This paper will illustrate that non-D
d additional challenges that had to be addressed. For Fracture containment Schlumbergerâ€™s Sonic Scanner tool provided rock mechan
factor solutions developed in this work are provided for fracture stimulation design.ï¿½ A production optimization strategy is presented in th
on the results obtained and highlighting the differences with the Western Siberian approach to hydraulic fracturing. Samara area is characte
C-ring and seals the bore inside the sliding sleeve. Pressure is then increased until the next valve is pumped open. When this valve opens
d on a variety of sliding sleeve valve shapes to verify the FEA study and to select the best valve shape. Openhole and perforated casing
om the analysis of energy dissipation in the plastic zone. The dependence of the apparent fracture toughness on input parameters and fra
et.ï¿½In all cases the entire propped fracture design was successfully placed.ï¿½ Introduction Visco-elastic surfactants have been used
ght growth containment and longer effective fracture half-lengths.ï¿½ Results also indicated successful stimulation past the cement squeez
esired fracture length. This ineffective clean-up is believed to result from (1) the effects of time and temperature on proppant1 (2) gel resid
improve the treatment performance. Detailed fluid system used in the treatment is discussed in details including the application of polymer-
hat mitigate the effects of excessive filter cake thickness. Experimental data demonstrate that flow along the fracture would encounter lowe
hing and tracer and production log interpretation in addition to production analysis.ï¿½ The results from each well are compared and contra
o the mislocation of the detected fracture(s).ï¿½ The uncertainty of the relative positions between the monitoring and treatment wells can ha
for fracture treatments in both mapping areas. Fracture length was longer than expected and varied somewhat by stage. Some stages wer
s over time non-Darcy flow multiphase flow non-uniform proppant distribution cyclic stress gel damage fines migration and other effects
vo-table that automatically moves the sample in selectable increments (typically 0.025 in.). With this device the surface of a standard API f
e height growth affect mostly fracture job size and cost. Height growth has also shown to be a cause of premature wellbore screen out. Frac
any of the restrictions associated with radioactive tracers. Once the proppant is placed in the well a gamma spectroscopy logging tool is us
r selection of candidate wells for stimulation treatments was clearly needed. This paper describes the comprehensive methodology derive
ower. This variation of permeability was explicitly modeled in the proppant pack by dividing it into segments and calculating the permeab
etics of filter cake growth. The flow within the reservoir due to leak-off is described by the 2D pressure diffusion equation. The formation is e
d with viscoelastic surfactant based acid did clean out in a shorter period of time. The main objective of this study was to compare the â€œ
within the fracture; fracture cleanup width changes conductivity degradation with time and stress effects are discussed. Field evidence ind
mulations to date at SR have encompassed limited entry â€œwaterfrac treatment techniques. The hydraulic fracture characteristics were int
es that can be used to image the stimulated fracture network. Microseismic images can be used to map the fracture orientation complexity a
e formation itself in case the fracture was created in a very weak reservoir formation. According to this model the fluid and rock skeleton ar
sure increase due to the stress increase at the tip of the orthogonal fracture. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Period II: Reopening of the initial fracture. This
decreases its effective oil collecting area. Thus stability and quality of displacement of fracturing fluid is of key importance to provide free w
ethodology has been used in carbonates very few cases of its application in turbidites have been documented. Differential cased hole son
present new data that would significantly change the common industry practice of relying simply on an average polymer concentration fac
es exceeding the expected closure stress. Possible explanations for such behaviour were: (1) the development of a â€œtemperature sens
hydraulic fracturing operations were evaluated in five different boreholes providing a diagnosis of the expected versus the measured fractu
ased treatment costs slower fracture growth and shorter overall fracture length development compared with a straight fracture. Introducti
han the other assets. The performance of the wells in most assets dropped strongly over time except in the low drawdown asset. It was fo
permeability values for a proppant filled and a sand packed fracture with permeability of 146 D and 15 D respectively. These sets of kr dat
g this later option being ultimately selected. However the rather adverse conditions existing both downhole and at surface rendered such a
uan Basin China as a substitute to fracturing down casing and subsequent snubbing operations. Three treatments have been performed si
pressure drops below the dewpoint. This paper outlines the five stepsâ€”appropriate laboratory measurements fitting laboratory data to rela
point for this controller and the benefits of using downhole ICVs in comparison to the wellhead choke are investigated. Simulation experim
of the theory are well known and commonly used in nodal analysis and conventional gas lift design. Properly combining these components
e of these completion types from sand control and well productivity standpoints. Characteristics of bp Trinidad & Tobagoâ€™s High-Rate G
ult of high shear rate or surfactant adsorption on the porous medium. Furthermore emulsion droplet size distribution emulsion viscosity and
at when the liquid is strongly wetting the high-velocity coefficient increases approximately 270-fold in water/gas two-phase flow. However o
using a slow acting stimulation treatment for damage removal and stimulation. The stimulation treatment comprises a starch enzyme to de
n two-phase flow is involved especially gas-liquid flow the pressure distribution in the wellbore may cause flow problems such as trapping
n multiple locations and limiting fracture growth in the better quality rocks. In addition water quality is crucial in attaining desired injection ra
l there are two preferred completion options. First the horizontal section can be completed open-hole or with slotted/preperforated liner. In
l there are two preferred completion options. First the horizontal section can be completed open-hole or with slotted/preperforated liner. In
iltercake was used to create a thin and reliable filter cake. While drilling this well it was believed that reservoir damage was minimized. It w
iltercake was used to create a thin and reliable filter cake. While drilling this well it was believed that reservoir damage was minimized. It w
penhole-completion applications. Focus areas in this evaluation include in-situ reservoir parameters development plans fluid contacts and
om stacked sand bodies that cannot be produced economically via separate dedicated wells. These wells have long reservoir sections of u
hour after restart was found to be below 50%. The cold restart procedures have been updated with the strategy to outrun the water and co
The results have shown that the wells in this field produce under the Non-Darcy flow regime and that its deliverability is decreasing due to c
e-phase- and multiphase-fluid flow along a wellbore. In particular the dependence of wellbore temperature upon phases flow profile fluid ty
s allows full control and monitoring of zonal injection rates and has proved to be a valuable tool for managing reservoir pressures and optim
e positions flow control valve early water breakthrough can be delayed to increase recovery factor. Monitoring the flowing pressure in real ti
d are difficult to image. Permanent downhole pressure and temperature sensors have been installed in all Na Kika wells. Additionally four w
r flow at the cost of a limited extra pressure drop. Fractured and more heterogeneous formations require in addition the installation of ann
low Control Device technology (first in Ecuador) in Block 15. The design and well preparation prior to completion operations and results are
ough. This allows â€œValue being â€œAdded to the reservoir management process by controlling the unwanted fluid. Optimum ICV plac
oil to surface due to low reservoir pressure high water cut and high back pressure from surface facilities or a combination of all three. As la
Reactive and â€œProactive choking policies. An example of successful â€œProactive Control is when the wellbore is intersected by a hig
imize Agbamiâ€™s full-field rate capacity in three production phases; ramp-up plateau and decline. Rate capacity response was investiga
on flow control valves early water breakthrough can be delayed to increase recovery. Monitoring the flowing pressure in real time allows pr
control strategies are tested. The first is a simple passive approach using a fixed control device to balance inflow along the well sized prio
wells the hydraulic fracturing community has determined certain containment mechanisms that influence fracture growth (i.e. in-situ stress
wells the hydraulic fracturing community has determined certain containment mechanisms that influence fracture growth (i.e. in-situ stress
ditions investigated. Foaming of CO2 builds-up a lower pressure drop over the core at both low and high pressures than N2. Both gases re
h higher speed than in the low permeability layer. The propagation of foam in the low permeability layer requires that the pressure gradient
t has been widely used to improve sweep efficiency in miscible gas steam and surfactant-based EOR.2 An advantage of foam is that it can
. Other conditions exist where the use of downhole conditions provide a better evaluation point. The assumptions used in the development
bstantially reduced. Before shut-in the surface pipeline system induced unstable production conditions due to the low flow rates. After shut
velocity string as well as tubing-velocity string annulus. The available methods to predict pressure drop in annuli for gas-liquid flow are mod
quid loading and presents various technologies that are currently being worked-on to be implemented in North Sea gas fields. Moreover the
during a restart were predicted. These were then compared to actual production data. The influence of the reservoir parameters and of the
s to â€œon the horizon technologies. Examples in each stage of the development process will be shown. The effective communication of
hile for another well its time online more than doubled. These results were the trigger for the next two sets of surfactant trials in the southe
tubing strings) versus adding energy to the well (i.e. gas lift injection and downhole pumps) for production optimization at each point in the
oir pressure drops to the point where water can no longer be lifted to the surface by gas flow. This results in the accumulation of water in th
dynamic performance of plunger lift and the optimal design. The principle and approach to optimize plunger lift for dewatering gas well are
locities for a corresponding surface flow rate. These higher flow velocities reduce separation efficiency which could jeopardize project succ
ubulars and predicts the depth of penetration of acid as a function of the acid volume and injection rate at all locations along the completion
ully-coupled geomechanical/reservoir simulator GMRSï¿½ which predicts cavity geometry evolution sanding rates cavity stability/instabili
. By calibrating the high resolution flow model with dynamic test data from a formation tester Interval Pressure Transient Test (IPTT) the m
properties from the 1D MEMs were distributed in the 3D model using Gaussian sequential simulation technique. The populated 3D model
es under downhole conditions.ï¿½ Acid was then injected into the perforations to create wormholes.ï¿½ The acid injectivity was measured
003 to horizontal Well-1 which was drilled by in the Tadrart sandstone formation of the Berkine basin. After successful results in this well th
ob design and operational procedures. CTU with 1.5 CT reel was used to convey 140 ft of 2-7/8 gun due to crane and platform deck loadin
was selected as the technology that would improve productivity in the challenging wells of Santa Ana. This technology has been applied in
hen the expected gross production performance that these wells will have under LEP conditions will be around 16 m3/day per perforation.ï
performed using pipe-conveyed or tubing-conveyed perforation (TCP) depth uncertainties and the time requirement for TCP service in thin
ution.ï¿½ An inflow profile and IPR curves are then generated.ï¿½ The analysis can be repeated for multiple guns to compare relative perf
orienting and imaging platform has the unique capability to orient guns along the PFP for optimal fracturing efficiency while simultaneously
orienting and imaging platform has the unique capability to orient guns along the PFP for optimal fracturing efficiency while simultaneously
across the perforated interval is used to cleanï¿½perforation tunnels and produce low to zero damage perforation tunnels1-2. This paper d
The propellant-assisted perforating method uses standard perforating components and procedures thus providing the same safety features
t achieves effective stimulation diversion equally across the entire perforated interval.ï¿½ Modelling work indicated that fracture lengths of f
t achieves effective stimulation diversion equally across the entire perforated interval.ï¿½ Modelling work indicated that fracture lengths of f
usively developed with an assumption that the skin factor remains constant during a test. The conventional analyses do not represent the u
e and in addition casing collar locator. The primary objective of the job was to ensure that the perforation was performed with maximum und
. After successfully drilling the hole to target depth (TD) a 6-in. hole-opener was deployed on 3ï¿½ in. drill pipe to condition the well before
del to predict the post-detonation conditions of the perforator. The model takes the total expendable energy from the explosives into accoun
haracteristic â€œdynamic overbalance conditions in the wellbore in a system configuration which produced dynamic underbalance for the c
mpacts these wells leading to high skin and rapid production decline. The challenge in this field is to identify the most effective perforating s
on quasi steady state model for reactive flow around production well is formulated. We obtained values of the two sulphate scaling damag
ration in produced/re-injected water. The theoretical parameter of the size of formation-damaged zone was introduced. It was found out t
eriod. In addition well planning and design will also benefit from predictions concerning the injector performance histories - and the length
(Multiphase Flow Meter) resulted in reducing the water cut (WC) form 20% to 0% maintaining the same required average oil rate (Fig. 1) a
e completion efficiency the operator chose to maximize the integration of the services by bundling their acquisition from a single integrated
creens would have insufficent clearance to accommodate intelligent-well completions. A feasibility study recommended a combination of ex
The failure of the first well caused a re-evaluation of the sand exclusion method employed which included more extensive core analysis a
. and 6-1/2 in. respectively. The 6-1/2 in. drift diameter allows using common size screens and packers. The wells are generally completed
/2 in. respectively. The 6 1/2-in. drift diameter allows using common-sized screens and packers. The wells are generally completed with a 4
Hawtah and little associated gas electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) have been used in Hawtah to enhance production since early 1990â
was selected because of its greater well-intervention capability less-complex seawater-injection-system design lower investment requirem
d in-situ stresses which involve sophisticated prediction techniques themselves. Continuous sand rates (for oil wells) have also been predic
n what has been used in traditional sand-control completions. Initial burst tests with available 316L material averaged 4 600 psi. Two sets of
ation of the sand-exclusion method that included more extensive core analysis and the types of wells that would be suitable for developmen
ase pipe. The well was reperforated new screens run and a second frac pack pumped. When laying down the washpipe after the second f
creen-less (chemical consolidation) methods. A proprietary HDR squeeze pack technique (mechanical method) was identified as the best so
e paper describes in detail the reservoir completion philosophy drilling and completion fluidsâ€™ systems and overall operational practices
and screen. This investigation indicates that the non-Darcy effect could significantly affect the production rate and the economics of the proj
e specification of minimum flow for cleaning the ECP and prevent the deposition of sand in the annular space can be obtained from differen
d control completion jewelry reduces water influx fines migration and increases recovery factors and reserves.ï¿½ The Brunei Shell Petrol
e paper describes in detail the reservoir completion philosophy drilling and completion fluidsâ€™ systems and overall operational practices
field in Italy. In the three case studies the wells were gravel packed using shale stabilizer treated-brine in open-hole made up of sand layers
acked with a viscous water-based fluid. The packing mechanisms and efficiencies in these applications have been verified with downhole g
S-STMZ wells. SS-STMZ completions have averaged of 22.2 rig days/well inclusive of NPT and the upper completion. Including the time an
drilled from a single platform. Introduction Project Challenges.ï¿½The Carina field contains a considerable amount of oil and gas accum
ck to the surface through the washpipe and casing-workstring annulus. In the open-hole section flow through the different annuli is conside
acking of wells drilled with oil-based (OB) fluids which have yielded well productivities which in many instances exceeded those comple
and filter cake when draw-down was applied during cleanups. Based on collaborative laboratory work between the operator and a service c
n gravel-pack jobs completed with brine as the carrier fluid (water packs). The proposed technique involves surging the perforations prior to
n gravel-pack jobs completed with brine as the carrier fluid (water packs). The proposed technique involves surging the perforations prior to
X-1 well. A correlation between log-predicted UCS and lab-measured thick-walled cylinder strength (TWC) in a neighboring well and adjace
e well path. Over a decade of production experience with this technique on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS) confirms that oriented p
ailure) the surface samples would be analyzed to directly determine which interval had failed. The proppant needed to be non-radioactive y
ve been several failures with similar characteristics occurred in Stag field. Water injection post wormhole-like failure has been reported very
s completion is presented as well as the key technologies involved from perforating to production. Each of the six case histories are examin
s completion is presented as well as the key technologies involved from perforating to production. Each of the six case histories are examin
ed field data such as the frequency and type of workovers the amount and size of produced solids the nature and number of failed liners
IL) ONGC and Reliance Industries Limited (RIL). In 2002 BGEPIL acquired the interests of Enron Oil & Gas India Limited (EOGIL) who ha
along with mitigation measures in the event of unexpected sand production. The impact of the sand quantification on surface facilities desig
d injection. An in depth analysis of the different productivity/injectivity characteristics such as drawdown values applied and PLT observation
ite element code. Two calculations are alternatively performed: one on the intact zone (rock mass) and one on the slurry respectively cons
and flow each cavity must be meshed as shown in Fig.2 requiring 100-500 meshes around each cavity. If one thousand cavities are model
to run new completion designs without knowing the cause of the sand and understanding the risks had been proved costly and would be l
zed include cased hole completion using conventional perforations or stress-oriented perforations in inclined or high-angle well openhole co
omplex lab and field data that in most instances will be unavailable or the acquisition of which will incur unwanted delays and costs. This
omplex lab and field data that in most instances will be unavailable or the acquisition of which will incur unwanted delays and costs. This
n this sandstone that it should have been sand-prone formation. Facing these apparent inconsistencies the investigation moved beyond an
n this sandstone that it should have been sand-prone formation. Facing these apparent inconsistencies the investigation moved beyond an
f the sandstone and the degree of residual water saturation. The effect is most significant for sandstones with high clay content and low res
f the sandstone and the degree of residual water saturation. The effect is most significant for sandstones with high clay content and low res
pproach is used in discussing sanding at several wells in two different fields.ï¿½ These wells have been in production for several years and
pproach is used in discussing sanding at several wells in two different fields.ï¿½ These wells have been in production for several years and
epending on whether the permeability is distributed among closely spaced fractures (cleat) with narrower apertures or more widely spaced
ions. Sand detachment is simulated by removal of the elements that are deemed to have satisfied the criteria for sanding based on conside
ions. Sand detachment is simulated by removal of the elements that are deemed to have satisfied the criteria for sanding based on conside
ined with the subsea environment. They were carefully assessed and the risks were effectively managed in order to return all three wells to
wing for the removal of the disaggregated elements that have satisfied the sanding criteria and consequently making the necessary adjust
wing for the removal of the disaggregated elements that have satisfied the sanding criteria and consequently making the necessary adjust
ck mechanical models which predict the extent of a yielded zone using various constitutive material laws. This assumes that all material fr
ng the variation of lower and upper bound mud weights with depth were developed for typical vertical wells. Critical mud weight contour plot
the initial scaling studies.ï¿½This resulted in the well being shut in and the squeeze treatments designed for carbonate scales (see SPE 9
k varied from negligible to severe and reflected the variable composition of the produced water and well operating conditions. The scale pre
factor equations based on the summation of individual components do not work.ï¿½ The 3D semianalytical model has been modified to bu
e to perforated horizontal completions. Using appropriate variable transformations we derived a skin-factor model for a horizontal perforate
where hydrogen sulfide levels reached nearly 10 mol%. They were also utilized in gas wells to reduce acid leakoff and create deep fracture
nter the problems in acid fracture stimulations. Chemical and mechanical means of diversion have been used with varying degrees of succe
samples that are 3 in. long in the leakoff direction. The long cores allow for better control of leakoff as the acid creates wormholes into the
nter the problems in acid fracture stimulations. Chemical and mechanical means of diversion have been used with varying degrees of succe
enging. Hence acid fracturing ends up stimulating the highest reservoir quality zones with minimal contribution from the other zones in many
enging. Hence acid fracturing ends up stimulating the highest reservoir quality zones with minimal contribution from the other zones in man
eviews the operational considerations and presents several case histories with VES diverting agents in the GOM. The bottomhole static tem
stimulation activity in the North Sea sector. This demand coupled with a reduction in the number of available stimulation vessels operating i
bility characterized by introducing the concept of maximum pressure ratio (dP max /dP 0) supported by core-flow and acid conductivity tests
e stimulation with the viscoelastic diverting acid system with a significant increase in production from the least prolific zones. Conclusion
wly developed acid system. The new acid system is an ester of an organic acid in the form of solid beads. The ester reacts with water (hyd
e stimulation with the viscoelastic diverting acid system with a significant increase in production from the least prolific zones. Conclusion
n this study were cased with a perforation density of about 5 shots per foot (spf) over relatively large perforated intervals spanning 180 ft a
hly viscous plug when it contacts water and that degrades when mixed with oil in the formation. The new fluid system is pumped before the
s and practices. The present paper describes a comparison of procedures and production gains during these acid stimulation treatments. Th
evelopment of viscosity in situ has shown that significant skin reductions can be obtained provided the proper placement techniques are us
citric and lactic. Selecting a suitable organic acid for a specific acidizing treatment is more difficult due to complex thermodynamic equilibriu
nd engineering. Failure to optimize fluid loss can lead to premature screen-outs or inefficient fluid displacement. This may ultimately jeopar
reover the retained matrix permeability after performing a static leakoff test (500-psi differential for 30 minutes) was less than 5% regardles
suming than chemical techniques and they are often not applicable or not effective in wells with open-hole completion. More importantly me
w the well back after stimulation treatment. Hydraulic fracturing treatments have become the most popular completion method in Russia an
by the chemical even after flooding the core with large volumes of gas. A relative permeability model that includes effects such as the decre
Microscopy (SEM) mercury injection as well as resistivity measurements chemical testing etc.ï¿½ Each sample was then classified into a R
s to improve acid coverage. The selection of in-situ crosslinked and particulate diverters through laboratory testing is described as well as th
ng effect is not such an influencing factor and neither are the shear stress salinity hardness and pH that subsequently affect this property
rves f-h1 and favorable response to original fracture jobs (IP) could play an equally important role if not greater in determining the success
c pressure. This fluid was recently selected for the fracturing treatments on three wells. Initial production from these wells was observed in t
l visco-elastic surfactant based CO2-compatible high foam quality (>60%) fluid was proposed as the main fracturing fluid. This paper will d
c pressure. This fluid was recently selected for the fracturing treatments on three wells. Initial production from these wells was observed in t
he â€œbig picture which subsequently provides the support for engineering decisions. Case histories discussed in this paper illustrate ho
e and after treatment. Improvements in the gas relative permeability by a factor of about 2 were observed. The alteration of wettability after
ant (VES) polymer free diversion systems placed with coiled tubing (CT) providing effective plugging of the layers producing water and prov
both production optimisation and improved reservoir sweep efficiency; processes that increase the well's productive life and reserves. It w
onformed injection into multiple intervals. This eliminates the need for injection wells dedicated to a specific layer to achieve injection confo
onformed injection into multiple intervals. This eliminates the need for injection wells dedicated to a specific layer to achieve injection confo
ergy dissipation. To study the water hammer in water injectors a field trial was conducted to record pressure pulses generated from rapid s
tion accounting for the coupling (increase in kr by an increase in velocity and interfacial tension) and inertial (decrease in kr by an increase
ures and gradients from an LWD formation tester tool. Real-time formation pressure data and rush processing of the azimuthal density imag
ined twenty-five of the cement log interpretations matched the communication test results. One well which communicated had 10 feet of ap
ined twenty-five of the cement log interpretations matched the communication test results. One well which communicated had 10 feet of ap
ms Operation services and Service providers etc.) 6000 bpdoe of initial gain was achieved by this campaign in Brunei with high success
ination of lithology and permeability contrasts existing in the formation: indeed the reservoir is an alternation of rather tight carbonates (with
periences and cost consideration. However it is important to first rationalize the targeted productivity from the specific reservoir have specif
required production target an effective ESP replacement program is a core element of field production strategy. Therefore several measu
he North Slope of Alaska. Certain conditions make this field an excellent candidate for application of formation powered jet pump (FPJP) te
gas lift in the offshore location will come at a huge cost and there is a time factor as well to consider to install the infrastructure. Numerous g
lift strategy. The paper may assist the gas well operator and the need to adequately design install and operate an optimum artificial lift syst
mately 60 kilometers southeast of Fort McMurray in the Athabasca oil sands (Figure 1). This multiphase SAGD project is a 50/50 joint ventu
h the production tubular in a stepwise manner. The power fluid coming out from the other end of the venturi is used to drive a turbine which
be realised if a proper real-time cleanup monitoring and control procedure is implemented to optimise the choking strategy. Only then will
d and perforated design to reduce installation time. Finally oil based drill-in fluid was selected to provide lubricity temperature stability and
m water depth) for a targeted production plateau of 12 MSm3/d of gas with 3 to 4 MSm3/d by well at relatively low pressure (80 bars WHFP
ts of maximum liquid recovery despite a 10-fold difference in permeability between the two horizons. Results further showed that condensa
Tobagoâ€™s High-Rate Gas Fields Currently there are six high rate gas fields that are being operated by bpTT in Trinidad & Tobago: Amh
esulting from horizontal completions was the more efficient use of existing wells. Poor vertical producers were sidetracked; the vertical wells
n has several advantages such as eliminating the need to run a liner which requires good cementing isolation at the top; eliminating the co
the lower valve a dart is dropped during the flushing operation. This dart lands on the squeezed C-ring and seals the bore inside the slidin
t cause near-wellbore permeability impairment. The near-wellbore alteration characterized by radial profiling of formation shear can be cor
vel pack and expandables) for the Niger-Delta a high activity region in openhole applications. Typical key learning is presented. The openh
le an acidic inhibitor pill is in contact with the formation minerals. Both BHPMP and DTPMP returns were significantly extended by the addit
d for a single completion operation during the productive life of the well or for a series of periodic well interventions during the productive li
d for a single completion operation during the productive life of the well or for a series of periodic well interventions during the productive li
ntirely within the thin target zone.ï¿½ Real-time decision-making was possible due to seamless integration of all data and interpretation from
ntirely within the thin target zone.ï¿½ Real-time decision-making was possible due to seamless integration of all data and interpretation from
ve operation becomes larger. 1 Introduction Increasing use of advanced completions and real time downhole measurements in the oil field
y monitoring the actual performance of the well. Leveraged knowledge from this pilot has provided an insight into SC capabilities and imple
ctrical reversible hydraulic and unidirectional hydraulic valves. The design methodology for different valve systems is described and the di
were realized during monitoring of the performance of the well. Leveraged knowledge from this pilot has provided an insight into SC capabil
hm and problems encountered during implementation are discussed. The performance of the algorithm was tested in two reservoir settings
il recovery using dual-lateral remains higher than that of horizontal well as water cut increases. Production performance for both configurati
project. The study consists in assess the alcohol-based and inhibited diesel treatmentsâ€™ efficiency through the gas effective permeabi
results and predictions.ï¿½The successful application of inflow control devices on this well illustrates that long horizontal wells can be com
vantages in a long horizontal well placed in a homogeneous reservoir they can increase recovery in a tilted layered reservoir. A slim deep
a concentration of 0.1 lbs/MMcf. Erosion rates were calculated using the erosion model - Sand Production Pipe Saver (SPPS) - developed
is constructed a communication tunnel is created from the casing into the reservoir through which formation fluids will flow into the well. Fo
set to enable unbiased and conclusive appraisal of ESP performance thereby resolving a common concern about comparative-system reck
d to predict pressure profile ECD foam velocity and foam quality along a vertical/inclined/horizontal wellbore. For practical applications a
on damage and non-Darcy flow is provided. Results indicate that the productivity reduction because of formation damage is more significan
he material is pumped as an inert solid which hydrolyzes and converts to acid when exposed to water and heat resulting in heterogeneous
g horizontal completion technologies that are more conducive to multiple fracture technology. This paper presents the evolution of the cand
g horizontal completion technologies that are more conducive to multiple fracture technology. This paper presents the evolution of the cand
oductivity but can be â€œactivated under fracturing conditions. Contrary to intuition pad size and fluid-loss additives must be increased an
thereby improving the completion efficiency of the treatment. Lastly it was hoped that the introduction of the fiber which would dissolve sh
nificantly differ from the regular fiber assisted application in tight gas formations a series of experiments had to be performed to ensure full
by-passing or under-stimulating the other zones. Consequently the zonal contribution from these wells is not optimal. A pilot involving use
performed based on bottomhole pressure gauges data and well-supported with direct fracture geometry estimation obtained by using differe
on to the fracture and (2) to control the sand flow back during production as well. Since this technology is physical rather than chemical th
pillary pressures for the three additives. Drainage tests were performed on 1â€“3 and 0.1 mD cores. Capillary tube rise testing was also don
g. One important finding is that low-modulus layers can also contain fracture height. The results from this study can be applied to hydraulic
ny corresponding increases in BHTP and friction pressure remain below the hydrostatic increase. If substantial reductions in surface pressu
fluid compatible with produced water. Together with the need to gel produced water the demand for more conductive fractures along with
vity and scaling tendency of these waters can impact fluid performance. Other factors including organics and suspended solids will be inclu
ary) around the wellbore. We introduce an explicit formulation and a more general methodology for OFD that includes the important gas co
bserved between micro-seismic and fracture-propagation model predicted lengths.ï¿½ This paper demonstrates how reservoir characteriza
e study of a frac-and-pack performed in a Lagunillas field well with a water contact 40 ft below the target zone is reviewed. The intervention
or cause of premature screen-outs. This is particularly true in cases when largemesh-size intermediate strength proppants are used. The s
nd the fluid flow and stress interference between multiple fractures. The paper presents a field case and laboratory and numerical experim
te cleanup. This technique combined mechanical and chemical diversion using selective openhole completion allowing the wellbore mecha
es provides the best option for obtaining better results. In order to stimulate the base of the zone the first stage of fracture includes an agg
and inherent to its nature and the particular break mechanism making them suitable for selective placement and uniform zone coverage ev
that have implemented a new completion system to overcome the time consuming and productivity limitations of conventional completions
in accessing the long deep and high pressure/temperature zones requiring treatment. Bullhead treatments at high injection rates have also
er will illustrate that non-Darcy and multiphase flow effects can substantially decrease the production potential of gas wells and the many oi
ool provided rock mechanical stress data that was used to design the fracture to be contained within the zone of interest and not break into
strategy is presented in this paper based on the dimensionless productivity index solution for a vertically fractured well under pseudosteady
Samara area is characterized with relatively low temperature high permeability low pressure laterally and vertically restrained dome type
en. When this valve opens the next control line is pressurized squeezing the next C-ring. The main feasibility issue with this cemented slid
ole and perforated casing fracture initiation pressures were calculated as a function of rock properties and far field stresses on the rock. An
input parameters and fracture width at the fracturing fluid front has been established. It reflects the specific feature of the granular medium
rfactants have been used in oil and gas wells for fracturing stimulation for over ten years1.ï¿½During this time the technology has evolved
n past the cement squeezed intervals and temporary liner tie-backs run in to overcome lower pressure constraints.ï¿½ Finally lower friction
n proppant1 (2) gel residue and its damage to the proppant pack2 (3) viscous fingering through the proppant pack3 (4) the effects of unbr
he application of polymer-free viscoelastic surfactant based fluids. Also a surveillance program was implemented to monitor and evaluate t
ure would encounter lower yield stress when the breaker is delivered directly to the filter cake as opposed to randomly distributed. The data
are compared and contrasted and a plan for potential future completions is discussed.ï¿½ï¿½ The microseismic event growth and fractur
nd treatment wells can have a cumulative non-linear effect on inverted fracture parameters. Introduction Over the years a large number o
y stage. Some stages were contained but for many stages there was significant height growth and treatment overlap. Fracture complexity w
igration and other effects. This paper introduces many of these factors and describes their individual impacts on fluid flow within propped h
urface of a standard API fracture-conductivity sample can be scanned in a few hours and a digitized profile image can be obtained. This di
wellbore screen out. Fracture half-length and orientation can have a significant impact on the effectiveness of pressure maintenance and f
roscopy logging tool is used together with a fast neutron source to activate the tagging additive. The additive then becomes temporarily rad
nsive methodology derived from integrated analysis of the fracturing treatments performed between 2003 and 2005 in the Yamburgskoe g
d calculating the permeability in each segment. As a result of this modeling the impact of increased fracture length on productivity was fou
uation. The formation is elastic and fracture growth is based on Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics. Results show that the tip zone can be e
was to compare the â€œlong term production results obtained from five wells treated with the surfactant-based acid with off-set wells treat
cussed. Field evidence indicates how these effects affect the fracture conductivity affecting deliverability and inflow performance. A practic
re characteristics were interpreted to document possible influences that natural fractures horizontal stress trends and sandstone channel o
e orientation complexity associated with interaction with pre-existing fractures and to assess the temporal development of the fracture geom
fluid and rock skeleton are considered as two interpenetrating continua. The Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion with the non-associated plasticit
of the initial fracture. This period shows a relatively flat pressure since the stress at the fracture tip is nearly constant. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Period
portance to provide free way for the oil and gas flow. However in frontal displacement of a more viscous fluid by a less viscous one from po
Differential cased hole sonic anisotropy (DCHSA) can be determined from analysing cross-dipole shear sonic data acquired before and afte
polymer concentration factor.1-3 It is shown that contrary to the current method that calculates an average polymer concentration the pol
f a â€œtemperature sensitive emulsion in the reservoir matrix (2) the effect of temperature in viscosity of our seawater crude (3) near well
ersus the measured fracture heights. It was observed that the geomechanical modeling predictions for some possible natural barriers due to
raight fracture. Introduction Mapping of full-size hydraulic fractures during and after mining provides the ultimate ground truth for fracture g
drawdown asset. It was found that in addition to transient effects it is likely that a decline in hydraulic fracture completion efficiency also con
ively. These sets of kr data which have been measured using our unique experimental facilities covers IFT and velocity values ranging be
t surface rendered such an operation quite challenging. In the first place the tectonically active nature of this region (West of Ural) led to an
s have been performed since October 2005. The first job had to be terminated with 70% of the designed proppant (394k lbs) pumped beca
ting laboratory data to relative permeability models use of spreadsheet tools single-well models full-field models (FFMs)â€”to predict deliv
ated. Simulation experiments show that a PID controller is an effective means to prevent a full gas breakthrough and moreover can be us
bining these components enables an auto gas lifted wellâ€™s performance to be calculated and downhole equipment to be correctly sized
Tobagoâ€™s High-Rate Gas Fields Currently there are six high rate gas fields that are being operated by bpTT in Trinidad & Tobago: Amh
on emulsion viscosity and oil droplets-to-water interfacial tensions increased as the surfactant content decreased resulting in higher capilla
o-phase flow. However our data show a systematic reduction of high-velocity coefficients for the altered wetting state in two-phase flow. W
ses a starch enzyme to degrade the most troublesome polymer and an organic compound that reacts with the carrier brine to release orga
oblems such as trapping gas because of accumulated liquid at low spots. We use a simple analytical model to examine the flow conditions
aining desired injection rate fracture injectivity and fracture growth. A recommended approach is presented in this paper which emphasise
ted/preperforated liner. In these completions effective stimulation along the horizontal wellbore is almost impossible. The second completion
ted/preperforated liner. In these completions effective stimulation along the horizontal wellbore is almost impossible. The second completion
mage was minimized. It was also believed that there would be no need to cleanup the mud and filtercake left in the hole and that the well wo
mage was minimized. It was also believed that there would be no need to cleanup the mud and filtercake left in the hole and that the well wo
plans fluid contacts and wellbore geometries. The results show that only one other major field on the North Slope could have benefited fro
ng reservoir sections of up to 3 km with undulations of up to 40 m. Some of them are equipped with distributed temperature-sensing techno
o outrun the water and come out of the hydrate condition as quickly as possible. Since then the well has been brought on production using
ity is decreasing due to condensing banking and the effect of inertia. Nevertheless the flow-after-flow test revealed that inertia is importan
hases flow profile fluid type fluid properties well deviation and Joule-Thomson effect will be demonstrated in the paper. The model has fu
ervoir pressures and optimizing production. After more than 1 year of operation during water injection all the valves and the optical monitori
flowing pressure in real time allows producing the well at optimum rate; i.e. above bubble point pressure. Ultimately intelligent completions
wells. Additionally four wells have been completed with interval control valves (ICVs) to enable 11 separate stacked reservoirs in two comp
on the installation of annular isolation. The new technologies of Swell Packers and Constrictors can provide this annular isolation in an ope
operations and results are presented for two types of formations e.g. consolidated and non-consolidated. Detailed simulation models were
d fluid. Optimum ICV placement requires prediction of these zones. The extent of reservoir layer / zone connection thus needs to be quant
bination of all three. As large oilfields around the world mature ESPs will play a major role in maintaining production from these fields. In or
ore is intersected by a high-permeability channel. Here early water or gas breakthrough leads to unwanted fluid being produced along wit
y response was investigated at the field well and zonal levels including operational and reservoir uncertainties; e.g. injector plugging we
sure in real time allows producing the well at optimum rate; i.e. above bubble point pressure. Ultimately intelligent completions will limit the
along the well sized prior to installation. The second and third control strategies are reactive employing intelligent completions that can be
growth (i.e. in-situ stress stress gradients rock mechanical properties frac-fluid rheology injection rate etc.). However predicting which v
growth (i.e. in-situ stress stress gradients rock mechanical properties frac-fluid rheology injection rate etc.). However predicting which v
es than N2. Both gases require a certain penetration depth to develop into foam. This length is longer for N2 (larger entrance effect) and inc
hat the pressure gradient is higher than the capillary entry pressure for the layer. The new stochastic population balance foam model reprod
ntage of foam is that it can avoid the dispersion of the chemicals needed to reduce the interfacial tension and to enable the recovery of resid
used in the development of the standard simplified form of the critical velocity equations and charts may not be appropriate for downhole a
low flow rates. After shut-in the wellbore fluids underwent phase redistribution and liquid was loaded up in the lower wellbore/laterals. Wel
for gas-liquid flow are modifications of methods to predict wet gas pressure drop in tubing. These modifications are usually based on assum
a gas fields. Moreover the paper shows the results of the first sets of very promising batch surfactant trials in Southern North Sea fields wh
voir parameters and of the tube inclination were of special interest. The influence of dynamic disturbances on the stability are not taken into
fective communication of these developments to operators and suppliers is also a necessary component. The industry-wide annual confere
actant trials in the southern North Sea region which were again successful. In one well a downhole gauge was utilised to monitor the dram
ation at each point in the depletion of the well. We used the theoretical power as a proxy for well operating cost to calculate the economic li
ccumulation of water in the bottom of the wellbore sometimes reaching a height of several thousand feet. In such situations well production
r dewatering gas well are proposed and discussed. Introduction Plunger lift is a particular form of intermittent lift which makes use of a met
ld jeopardize project success. To quantify the relationship between gas-carryover and liquid velocity a full-scale model was built and actua
ions along the completion. We have used this model to simulate treatments that are typical of those performed in the North Sea and in the
es cavity stability/instability and production enhancement because of the creation of a cavity. In this study GMRSï¿½ is used to investiga
nsient Test (IPTT) the model can be used to predict the well performance. We investigate several key characteristics of thinly laminated re
The populated 3D model was then used to perform a coupled geomechanical simulation to evaluate the changes in stress with time and pro
injectivity was measured and the wormhole patterns through perforations generated by different perforating designs were compared using
ssful results in this well the operator adopted its use in 2005 for two additional wells Well-2 and Well-3. The paper describes the applicatio
and platform deck loading limitation. The small CT size and large gun conveyance required extra precaution since the presence of gun sho
logy has been applied in similar scenarios across the industry in recent years although no documentation was found on its use in such low
6 m3/day per perforation.ï¿½ These results are in line with the production performance observed in pad D-36 and also in line with our simula
nt for TCP service in thin reservoir zones makes wireline-conveyed perforation an attractive method. However where multiple zones must b
s to compare relative performance; for example to assess whether incremental production predicted for a superior system justifies addition
ency while simultaneously avoiding damage to complex downhole completions without the expense of workover. This technology enables th
ency while simultaneously avoiding damage to complex downhole completions without the expense of workover. This technology enables th
n tunnels1-2. This paper describes how this new perforating technique was used in two ADMA OPCOï¿½wells to wireline perforate in multi
g the same safety features available to the industry today when conventional TCP operations are used. The propellant is an oxidizer that cre
d that fracture lengths of five feet or more would propagate from each perforation tunnel.ï¿½ Such large propagation lengths greatly increas
d that fracture lengths of five feet or more would propagate from each perforation tunnel.ï¿½ Such large propagation lengths greatly increas
ses do not represent the underlying physics of the surge flow and lead to loss of useful information from the skin variations. Few SPE paper
formed with maximum under-balance but not exceeding a safe drawdown on the formation and risking collapse of the perforation tunnels. W
condition the well before running the 4ï¿½ in. liner. In an attempt to re-run the hole-opener the bottomhole assembly (BHA) got stuck 20 ft
the explosives into account relates it to the energy consumed by the functional and nonfunctional processes and describes the relationship
mic underbalance for the conventional charge. We conclude that the reactive liner charges tested are detrimental to productivity in naturally
ost effective perforating system and job execution method to achieve good well productivity over an extended period of time. Modeling softw
o sulphate scaling damage parameters. The two coefficient values were used for prediction of productivity decline for these wells. Both coe
oduced. It was found out that almost all deposition takes place in 2-4 well radii neighbourhood. Calculations show that simultaneous inject
histories - and the length of the created fracture. Overall the waterflood planning-cycle efficiency will be increased. It is generally accept
average oil rate (Fig. 1) and enabled better reservoir management. The results from this experience as will as other experiences have be
n from a single integrated services supplier rather than contracting the required well construction services in a discrete manner as had bee
ended a combination of expandable sand screens (ESS) and propped hydraulic fracturing in a cased-hole environment. Two wells were pla
extensive core analysis and the completion types that would be suitable for development of the H1/H2 reservoirs.ï¿½ From this review the
are generally completed with a 4-1/2 in. x 3-1/2 in. tapered tubing string. Premium screens with shunt tubes are used on the wells due to t
nerally completed with a 4 1/2 ï¿½ 3 1/2-in. tapered-tubing string. Premium screens with shunt tubes are used on the wells because of the
oduction since early 1990â€™s. Existing wells are standard 9-5/8 vertical cased wells with perforations through the thin producing interval w
lower investment requirements and future hub potential. The 2 001-ft-tall Petronius compliant tower is set in 1 754 ft of water and is the wo
ls) have also been predicted by extending the shear-failure sanding model. As depletion increases over time added perforation intervals be
ed 4 600 psi. Two sets of additional burst tests were conducted with Alloy 625 screens on 25 Chrome base pipe to meet injector material re
e suitable for development of the H1/H2 reservoirs was initiated. From this review the operator and a service/engineering company were ab
ashpipe after the second frac pack erosion marks indicated an apparent second screen failure. A detailed examination of both A1ST1BP1
as identified as the best solution that meets post intervention production requirements and also affords completion longevity. Total cost of d
erall operational practices used in the Greater Plutonio OHGP completions. It also discusses the fluids design phase of the project and the
the economics of the project. It was found that 80ï¿½ wells have a 35% average reduction in PI due to skin and non-Darcy effect. The PI fo
be obtained from different criteria. Two methods are proposed to analyze the problem: a constant velocity and a constant shear stress app
½ The Brunei Shell Petroleumâ€™s (BSP) Tali asset strategy has been driven towards highly deviated wells with Open Hole Gravel Packs.
erall operational practices used in the Greater Plutonio OHGP completions. It also discusses the fluids design phase of the project and the
le made up of sand layers containing shale without negative impact on completion time. Introduction Underground gas storage (UGS) ser
n verified with downhole gauge analysis as well as mass balance calculations. Both wells are producing sand free with hydrocarbon produc
tion. Including the time and cost related to NPT issues both STMZ technologies compare favorably to the Operatorâ€™s expectations for
unt of oil and gas accumulation and is made up of two to three main sandstone sequences generally with good reservoir properties havin
different annuli is considered and fluid is distributed based on the frictional resistances of the respective annuli. The simulator calculates the
exceeded those completed in water-based drilling fluid environments. Currently techniques and fluid systems are available for gravel pac
e operator and a service company to design a treatment fluid for removing NAOBM filter cake material for water injection wells a microemu
ng the perforations prior to the gravel-pack operation followed by pumping the gravel slugs in a nondamaging carrier fluid in concentrations
g the perforations prior to the gravel-pack operation followed by pumping the gravel slugs in a nondamaging carrier fluid in concentrations
eighboring well and adjacent sand provides the tie between log strength and actual strength measurements. The far-field stress was quanti
) confirms that oriented perforating can be a good sand prevention measure in suitable fields. Despite this track record and the rock mecha
ed to be non-radioactive yet identifiable with standard laboratory techniques. The supplier subsequently developed a methodology whereb
e has been reported very inefficient as the water passes through to producer via the wormhole channel and does not sweep any oil. Overa
case histories are examined in detail and will show that screenless completions provide effective through-tubing sand control in a variety o
case histories are examined in detail and will show that screenless completions provide effective through-tubing sand control in a variety o
d number of failed liners and the frequency of stuck sucker-rod pumps to understand the efficiency of the sand-control completions better.
Limited (EOGIL) who had jointly operated the field with ONGC and RIL since start-up in 1997. The field achieved a peak gas production ra
on surface facilities design is discussed based on a probabilistic approach along with the operational procedures identified to manage this
plied and PLT observations during these 5 years allow us to draw some general recommendations for these types of sand control technique
e slurry respectively considered as a poroelastic medium and a Newtonian fluid. For each time step it implies an iterative process to dete
ousand cavities are modeled 0.1-0.5 million meshes are required. Failure status must be checked at each 3D cavity surface for 0.1-0.5 milli
ved costly and would be likely to fail. To this end a SMS was implemented in Sarir field. The work started from geomechanical reservoir ch
h-angle well openhole completion in high-angle or horizontal well screen failure analysis in openhole completion etc.ï¿½ In addition to inv
d delays and costs. This paper presents the case of a sanding study for the Messla field in Libya; a field that has produced oil for more than
d delays and costs. This paper presents the case of a sanding study for the Messla field in Libya; a field that has produced oil for more than
igation moved beyond an initial focus of sanding risk evaluation and sandface completion optimization. The final results revealed that the pr
igation moved beyond an initial focus of sanding risk evaluation and sandface completion optimization. The final results revealed that the pr
h clay content and low residual water saturation and is less significant for clean sandtones or those with high residual water saturation. The
h clay content and low residual water saturation and is less significant for clean sandtones or those with high residual water saturation. The
ction for several years and show that sanding cannot be linked to just one unique mechanism (e.g. depletion).ï¿½ However once all mecha
ction for several years and show that sanding cannot be linked to just one unique mechanism (e.g. depletion).ï¿½ However once all mecha
s or more widely spaced fractures (cleat) with wider apertures. There is a lower fracture porosity for coal with widely spaced fractures than
sanding based on considerations of physics material behaviour and laws of mechanics. The proposed numerical model is designed to acco
sanding based on considerations of physics material behaviour and laws of mechanics. The proposed numerical model is designed to acco
to return all three wells to production. Field Background Pompano is currently the oldest BP operated facility in the Gulf of Mexico with first
king the necessary adjustments to the size and properties of the domain under consideration. The model can be used for time-dependent a
king the necessary adjustments to the size and properties of the domain under consideration. The model can be used for time-dependent a
ssumes that all material from a yielded zone will be produced as sand. Combining a model for a volumetric estimate of sand failure with a
l mud weight contour plots which show the variation of lower and upper bound mud weights with wellbore azimuth and deviation angle for p
bonate scales (see SPE 94865) being delayed to allow further chemical selection.ï¿½ It was recognised however that the prediction of su
conditions. The scale predictions provided the basis for a technical and economic evaluation to identify an appropriate scale-management
el has been modified to build an approximate model for fully and partially perforated inclined wells in isotropic formations. Additionally a sim
for a horizontal perforated completion that is analogous to the Karakas and Tariq (1991) vertical-well model. The empirical parameters in th
and create deep fractures in dolomitic carbonate reservoirs (250 to 275ï¿½F). In addition they were successfully employed to stimulate se
varying degrees of success. Likewise there have been many attempts made in retarding the reaction rates of hydrochloric acids in high te
eates wormholes into the core samples. In these tests acid was pumped through the fracture for contact times ranging from 15 to 60 minu
varying degrees of success. Likewise there have been many attempts made in retarding the reaction rates of hydrochloric acids in high te
m the other zones in many cases. Field trials involving the use of a new degradable fiber technology designed to achieve effective acid dive
m the other zones in many cases. A pilot involving the use of a new degradable fiber technology designed to achieve effective acid diversio
The bottomhole static temperatures (BHSTs) of these cases range from 140 to 290ï¿½F for both gas and oil wells.ï¿½ With an internal bre
ulation vessels operating in the area led to the requirement for an alternative method of completing this well. The overall success of this pr
and acid conductivity tests using limestone and dolomite cores. Results demonstrate high dP max /dP 0 in high-permeability cores and low
rolific zones. Conclusions from this field trial are that viscoelastic diverting acid systems can achieve full zonal coverage in stimulating lar
ster reacts with water (hydrolyzes) at bottomhole temperature and produces lactic acid which reacts with carbonate minerals and etches the
rolific zones. Conclusions from this field trial are that viscoelastic diverting acid systems can achieve full zonal coverage in stimulating lar
tervals spanning 180 ft and 269 ft respectively. Hence adequate diversion of acid into the desired zones was a technical challenge. In ad
em is pumped before the acid treatment to effectively prevent the acid from stimulating high-water-saturation sections. The field results sho
stimulation treatments. The cost logistics and operational constraints due to specific Brunei offshore environment and conditions will also b
cement techniques are used. However in certain cases where natural fractures are dominant diversion effects can be noticed but are not o
x thermodynamic equilibrium and reaction kinetics. The reactions between organic acids and carbonate are less understood than those of H
This may ultimately jeopardize overall well objectives. In 2002 a Task Group was formed to develop a standard testing method and procedu
as less than 5% regardless of the fluid used. From this testing it was concluded that the reduction in the permeability was due to the mecha
tion. More importantly mechanical means diverts treatment fluids from the wellbore; however there is no control once the fluid enters the f
tion method in Russia and foam-based fracturing fluids seems to be a possible solution to the above problems. Foam though has evaded
effects such as the decrease in the residual condensate saturation after treatment and the effect of capillary number is presented. Fine-grid
was then classified into a Reservoir Rock Type (RRT) which is primarily based on the porosity spatial distribution (PSD) in the carbonate.ï¿½
is described as well as the implementation of a unique mixing system. Several case histories are presented illustrating the effectiveness of
uently affect this property. The sensitivity study was carried out using a model capable of describing RPM treatments in the near wellbore
n determining the success of restimulation. In fact studies have shown that selecting poor or underperforming wells for restimulation is likel
se wells was observed in the range of 5 to 7 MMcf/D significantly greater than neighboring wells' gas rates of 2 MMcf/D stimulated with poly
ing fluid. This paper will discuss the first application of this visco-elastic based fluid on wells in Park County Wyoming. This paper will disc
se wells was observed in the range of 5 to 7 MMcf/D significantly greater than neighboring wells' gas rates of 2 MMcf/D stimulated with poly
in this paper illustrate how distributed teams of experts use improved models to develop solutions for old wells and future development th
eration of wettability after the chemical treatment was evaluated by measuring the USBM wettability index of treated reservoir cores. ï¿½Me
producing water and providing a uniform stimulation fluid coverage across the entire pay zone. Subsequent production rates showed substa
ive life and reserves. It will be demonstrated that monitoring of the pressure drop called dP trending in this paper across multiple pressure
to achieve injection conformance. BP has been progressing the development of DHFC systems for water injection wells since 2001 throug
to achieve injection conformance. BP has been progressing the development of DHFC systems for water injection wells since 2001 throug
es generated from rapid shut-ins at different well depths in a soft formation cased and perforated (C&P) water injector. Modeling work wa
ease in kr by an increase in velocity) effects has been used to conduct a series of sensitivity analysis on a single-well model resulting in som
he azimuthal density image confirmed that the well had crossed an unexpected sub-seismic fault in the targeted reservoir section. Structura
unicated had 10 feet of apparent good cement with the remainder poor. Its cement log suffered from eccentralization which negatively affec
unicated had 10 feet of apparent good cement with the remainder poor. Its cement log suffered from eccentralization which negatively affec
Brunei with high success rate (no failure on single well was recorded). Confidence level of acid stimulation in Shell Asia Pacific region has
her tight carbonates (with permeabilities as low as 1 mD) and porous sandstones (which permabilities sometimes reach up to 400mD). The
cific reservoir have specific properties such as permeability and pressure then to determine the wormhole pattern required to achieve the w
Therefore several measures such as replacement of underperforming ESP systems and upsizing of the pumps have been implemented. F
wered jet pump (FPJP) technology to improve oil rate from wells. FPJPâ€™s are a new artificial lift (AL) innovation developed in the last 10
nfrastructure. Numerous gas lift opportunities have been identified in the Meji Field (offshore location) which currently has no gas supply. W
n optimum artificial lift system for the life of the gas well. Introduction A gas well with high reservoir pressure and a high gas production rate
oject is a 50/50 joint venture between ConocoPhillips Canada Ltd. (CPC) and TOTAL E&P Canada Ltd. with CPC as the operator. The Surm
d to drive a turbine which generates power as a result. This power is used to operate the inlet compressor thus the cycle being completed.
g strategy. Only then will the near wellbore cleanup efficiency be maximised. A dynamic well simulator has been used to illustrate the adva
emperature stability and low liftoff pressure of the filter cake for rapid cleanup. Utilizing the Big Bore design the production capacity of +1.
pressure (80 bars WHFP). Maximizing the Wellhead Pressure The surface project includes the two platforms respectively located at 80 Km
her showed that condensate banking was a nonissue in this high-kh system of reservoirs as far as the gas deliverability is concerned. In oth
n Trinidad & Tobago: Amherstia Flamboyant Immortelle Kapok Mahogany and Cannonball. There are three other fields in the planning p
etracked; the vertical wells released due to drilling of horizontal boreholes were recompleted; the number of shut-in wells reduced. Introduc
he top; eliminating the cost of perforating long intervals; reducing the number of operations; and saving more than 10 days of rig time. Intro
s the bore inside the sliding sleeve. Pressure is then increased until the next valve is pumped open. When this valve opens the next contro
rmation shear can be correlated with the skin effect and reservoir productivity index. Due to the nature of the formation formation damage
is presented. The openhole completions are preffered over casedhole completions in the relatively high transmissibility reservoirs of the Ni
ntly extended by the addition of metal ions (e.g. Ca2+ and Fe2+). The addition of Mg2+ may increase the long-term return concentration w
ns during the productive life of the well for which the tubing string setting depths are selected. The wellbore liquid-loading mechanism in a s
ns during the productive life of the well for which the tubing string setting depths are selected. The wellbore liquid-loading mechanism in a s
ata and interpretation from various disciplines.ï¿½ Internet-based platform was extensively used in this project.ï¿½ Local formation dip cha
ata and interpretation from various disciplines.ï¿½ Internet-based platform was extensively used in this project.ï¿½ Local formation dip cha
easurements in the oil field has made Real-Time Optimisation control (RTO) of well production a popular research topic in the upstream petr
SC capabilities and implementation. Moreover it has set the stage for other developments within Saudi Aramco. Background Haradh form
ms is described and the disadvantages of hydraulic systems are discussed. In particular it is shown that in conjunction with an automated fe
an insight into SC capabilities and implementation. Moreover it has set the stage for other developments within Saudi Aramco. Backgroun
d in two reservoir settings. In both cases the optimization resulted in accelerated oil production compared to conventional surface-controlle
mance for both configurations becomes equal in case of complete water production. However the numerical model shows that the dual-late
he gas effective permeability before and after of the treatment injection into a core. The objective was focused to study the use of alcohol a
orizontal wells can be completed the problem of early water and gas breakthrough can be prevented and oil recovery can be increased by
ed reservoir. A slim deepwater well completed with a lower-capacity downhole pump and a larger (multiwell) seabed booster pump was sh
aver (SPPS) - developed by the Erosion/Corrosion Research Center University of Tulsa USA. Erosion rates were calculated over the life c
s will flow into the well. For this purpose one of the most effective techniques is tubing-conveyed perforating (TCP) a technology that cons
t comparative-system reckoning. The paper concludes that SA suitably applied to properly censored data is essentially the only reliable m
r practical applications a simulator has been developed and validated by experimental flow-loop data obtained from the Advanced Cuttings
damage is more significant for slotted-liner completion than the openhole completion due to increased pressure drop with flow convergence
esulting in heterogeneous etching and increased conductivity. Among the key factors supporting a field trial of the product was the fact that
s the evolution of the candidate selection process and a review of reservoir characterization as a result of the significant production improve
s the evolution of the candidate selection process and a review of reservoir characterization as a result of the significant production improve
ves must be increased and maximum proppant concentration decreased in low-porosity (low-permeability) zones. In the higher-porosity hig
r which would dissolve shortly after placement would improve proppant retention within the hydraulic fracture and impede flowback into th
e performed to ensure full compatibility with formation fluid resin-coated proppants and treating fluids. Characteristics such as leakoff beha
mal. A pilot involving use of a new degradable fiber technology designed to achieve effective acid diversion during acid fracturing was rece
n obtained by using differential cased hole sonic anisotropy measurements. As it is common for most formations in Western Siberia to have
al rather than chemical the proppant flowback is controlled without specific shut-in time temperature or pressure constraints. The use of fib
rise testing was also done as a check of the core flood testing capillary pressures. This provided several different methods to determine ca
an be applied to hydraulic fracturing treatments in formations with moderate to significant modulus contrast. The mechanisms studied in this
ductions in surface pressure can be achieved then frac pack treatments remain a safe and viable option in deepwater and ultra-deepwater
tive fractures along with the capacity to create sufficient fracture geometry has led to the development of a unique surfactant-based system
pended solids will be included in the discussion. Laboratory examples will be shown to demonstrate the importance of following a systemat
udes the important gas condensate flow parameters in both matrix and fracture. The optimum fracture dimensions are obtained by maximiz
how reservoir characterization and completion understanding via the use of calibrated fracture propagation models and production analysis
eviewed. The intervention rendered an increase in well production rate from 27 to 173 net barrels per day with a reduction in water cut from
oppants are used. The systematic application of the technique resulted in the increase of the average measured net pressure from 14 to 2
ry and numerical experimentations illustrating the impact of the various factors on the completion of the horizontal wells and the optimizatio
owing the wellbore mechanical segmentation into six small intervals based on petrophysical and reservoir evaluation so that the selected s
f fracture includes an aggressive design of high conductivity with the aggregate in some cases of Relative Permeability Modifier additive (R
uniform zone coverage even for bull heading operations.ï¿½ The paper presents the experiences with this Viscoelastic fluid used in nine
conventional completions described above. The new completion system is run as part of the production liner does not require cementing a
h injection rates have also yielded similar modest well productivity enhancements because of the inability to achieve effective diversion. Co
gas wells and the many oil wells found in Russia that are producing below the bubblepoint. Historically Russian oil wells have been operate
terest and not break into the water bearing sand above. It also provided the maximum stress direction to determine the preferred orientatio
well under pseudosteady state flow conditions. Introduction A number of technical articles have appeared in the literature concerning the
cally restrained dome type sandstone and carbonate reservoirs that are located in tectonically active high stress environment. Although cor
ue with this cemented sliding sleeve concept was the possibility of high fracture initiation pressure through the cement and into the formatio
d stresses on the rock. An openhole condition was considered the best approximation to the opened sliding sleeve valve in regards to frac
e of the granular medium deforming and closes the equation set of the problem. Semianalytic solutions are obtained. First there is the area
e technology has evolved from a niche application in gravel packing2 to a mainstream range of applications where clean proppant packs a
.ï¿½ Finally lower friction pressures helped in designing economical fracture stimulations for mature wellbores thereby generating an oppo
ck3 (4) the effects of unbroken gel on proppant pack permeability4 (5) non-Darcy and multi-phase fluid flow effects5-7 and (6) capillary pre
to monitor and evaluate the acid treatment. The first candidate well was fractured in June of 2006 achieving an increment of production fro
omly distributed. The data also indicate that a smaller breaker amount delivered directly into the filter cake is more effective at reducing the
event growth and fracture treating pressures over time revealed how the fracture propagated.ï¿½ In the first well the microseismic and trea
he years a large number of hydraulic fracture treatments have been monitored to determine fracture geometries.1 2 3ï¿½ The fracture geom
ap. Fracture complexity was observed which could be due to natural fracturing faulting depositional heterogeneity and depletion. These fr
fluid flow within propped hydraulic fractures.ï¿½ It will also demonstrate the cumulative effect of many of these factors upon fracture condu
e can be obtained. This digital image is used to characterize the etched surface topography quantitatively. We have measured the etched-f
ssure maintenance and flood efficiency. A review of world publication of direct fracture geometry measurement has shown the validity of se
becomes temporarily radioactive emitting characteristic gamma rays that are visible to the logging toolâ€™s spectrometer. The detected g
05 in the Yamburgskoe gas-condensate field. The analysis revealed a series of correlations and elaborated an engineering approach th
h on productivity was found to be more significant than in simpler modeling where one permeability value is used for the entire proppant p
that the tip zone can be either a recirculation zone in which the formation fluid enters the fracture and then get expelled back into the form
cid with off-set wells treated with in-situ gelled acids. This paper provides for the first time long term production data evaluation following ac
w performance. A practical performance criterion that focuses on conductivity improvement is used to improve performance of fractured we
and sandstone channel orientations may have had on hydraulic fracture emplacement. The Williams Fork Formation at SR contains natural
pment of the fracture geometry (Warpinski et al. 1998; Sleefe et al. 1995; Dobecki 1983). The actual fracture performance can then be used
e non-associated plasticity rule written in terms of the Terzaghi effective stress is used to describe the flow of a solid matrix connected with
ant. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Period III: Extension of the initial frac and the orthogonal frac. It exhibits steeper pressure increase (tip screen-out like p
a less viscous one from porous medium by applying pressure differential the Rayleigh-Taylor or Saffman-Taylor instability of the interface co
acquired before and after hydraulic fracturing. From analysis of other log data such as the ultra-sonic cement evaluation tool it is possible
mer concentration the polymer in practice concentrates only in the filter cake. It is also shown that the filter cake thickness compared to th
water crude (3) near wellbore damage caused by fines from the injected water blocking the near wellbore region. When a second injectivit
ible natural barriers due to higher values of minimum horizontal stress (Sh) are in concordance with the fracture height measurements. This
ground truth for fracture geometry. Such hydraulic fractures have been mapped in coal 1 2 3 welded tuff 4 5 hard rock 6 7 and shallow frac
pletion efficiency also contributes to this decrease in production performance. The low drawdown asset has a much better normalized prod
elocity values ranging between 0.85 and 0.15 mNm-1 and 250 to 3000 md-1 respectively. The results indicate that inertia is quite dominan
on (West of Ural) led to anticipate significantly high fracturing gradients and difficulties to initiate a fracturing regime. Secondly the weather
(394k lbs) pumped because of the failure of the blast joint. Lessons learned were outlined and modifications were made to the blast joint a
(FFMs)â€”to predict deliverability loss caused by condensate banking. It then discusses integrated laboratory/simulation field studies used
and moreover can be used to increase the produced oil rate by tuning ICV settings to achieve an optimal well gas fraction. Results show t
ment to be correctly sized and located. Introduction Auto natural and in-situ gas lift systems use gas from a gas-bearing formation or gas
n Trinidad & Tobago: Amherstia Flamboyant Immortelle Kapok Mahogany and Cannonball. There are three other fields in the planning p
resulting in higher capillary pressure across the trapped oil droplet. The effect of oil type rock permeability injection velocity and wettabil
tate in two-phase flow. We present measurements of the velocity coefficients in single-phase flow and two-phase flow for both oil/gas and
rrier brine to release organic acid in situ over a period of several hours. The breaker fluid is introduced to the openhole section in a neutral
amine the flow conditions for inclined or undulated horizontal wells. The reservoir inflow is interactively coupled with the wellbore flow and
s paper which emphasises the need for a concise understanding of fracture characteristics in the reservoir for optimal injection performance
e. The second completion system cased/perforated liner requires cementing the production liner and running multiple isolation systems to
e. The second completion system cased/perforated liner requires cementing the production liner and running multiple isolation systems to
e hole and that the well would cleanup by itself easily once it started producing. After disappointing production results from this well zero pr
e hole and that the well would cleanup by itself easily once it started producing. After disappointing production results from this well zero pr
e could have benefited from horizontal openhole completions. The results of this paper are meant to provide guidelines for future applicatio
mperature-sensing technology for monitoring the inflow distribution and some have smart completions to control inflow from different reserv
ought on production using the existing LDHI without any hydrate problems even with a water cut approaching 90%. Introduction Under fav
ed that inertia is important at lower rate when a liquid saturation is significant but positive coupling becomes more important at higher rate. A
e paper. The model has further been adapted for directly predicting production and injection profiles (i.e. flow profiling) based on a given we
s and the optical monitoring equipment are functioning satisfactorily. It is estimated that up to half of the wellâ€™s value creation during its
ely intelligent completions will limit the water handling at the surface minimize future intervention and concurrently increase the recovery fa
ked reservoirs in two complex fields to be concurrently depleted. Intelligent well technology has provided dynamic performance data at the
annular isolation in an operationally simple manner. This paper describes the history of ICD development with an emphasis on the designs
simulation models were performed and discussed with the Client prior to the drilling operations. The models are run using nodal analysis s
n thus needs to be quantified. In practice the available information is often limited to (local) information gained from measurement at or ve
on from these fields. In order to combine intelligent completion with ESPs several factors need to be considered. This paper will evaluate di
being produced along with reduced volume of oil. Too early choking (or being â€œtoo Proactive) can result in losing oil as the â€œGood W
e.g. injector plugging well downtime permeability variation and fault-seal settings. Using a combination of scenario-testing and mitigation
t completions will limit the water handling at the surface and concurrently increase the recovery factor in heterogeneous fractured and fissu
nt completions that can be controlled from the surface. The second strategy opens or closes the completions according to well water cut and
wever predicting which variable or variables have a decisive impact is still unclear and highly controversial. The work presented in this stud
wever predicting which variable or variables have a decisive impact is still unclear and highly controversial. The work presented in this stud
r entrance effect) and increases with growing gas velocity. Moreover the ultimate liquid recovery by CO2 foam is always lower than by N2
alance foam model reproduces rather well the main features of foam motion in heterogeneous cores containing a surfactant. Core floods co
nable the recovery of residual oil. Therefore the costs derived from those chemicals are considerably reduced.3 Modelling and laboratory st
ppropriate for downhole application. In these cases the fundamental equations must be used. The calculation of critical velocity requires kn
wer wellbore/laterals. Wellhead gas-lift or changing to smaller tubing would not revive the well. Lack of gas supply was the main reason for
e usually based on assumptions which are strictly valid only for single-phase flow. Their validity for gas-liquid flow is questionable. Hence t
thern North Sea fields which were a breakthrough in offshore surfactant application. Moreover it discusses a state-of-the art multiphase pum
stability are not taken into account by the classic prediction models. Systems with high permeable reservoirs are less able to cope with dist
ustry-wide annual conferences that have emerged in the last seven years are the primary avenue for this communication and are supplem
tilised to monitor the dramatic change in well behaviour which gave great insight into the way the surfactant acted. This is discussed in det
calculate the economic limit. As expected ultimate recovery was improved by the addition of external energy. In particular pumping was f
situations well production stops and the only remedy is water extraction (unloading) by means of conventional pumping which is prohibitive
which makes use of a metal plunger to supply a solid interface between gas and lifted liquid load. Plunger lift has several advantages over o
model was built and actual gas carryover rates were measured. Two sizes of annular flow geometries representative of those used in the fie
the North Sea and in the Middle East. We present a hypothetical example of acid placement in a long horizontal section and an example o
Sï¿½ is used to investigate the feasibility of a cavity completion in a well located offshore West Africa. This well started producing moderate
stics of thinly laminated reservoirs that affect the well productivity such as vertical communication between layers. In particular we examine
in stress with time and production. The rock mechanical properties and stresses needed to perform sanding analysis were sampled along t
gns were compared using CT scans.ï¿½ It was found that clean perforations promote not only higher acid injectivity but also initiate straigh
er describes the application of the new technique to three horizontal wells of the Berkine basin and the evaluation of the related productivity
e the presence of gun shock during perforation may affect the CT integrity. Therefore supporting perforating software was run in advanced
und on its use in such low pressure environments. This paper describes how dynamic underbalanced perforating was deployed successfull
also in line with our simulations.ï¿½ The calculations performed here do not take into account any skin damage effects that potentially coul
ere multiple zones must be perforated the conventional wireline approach can only perforate the first zone underbalance (with the complet
r system justifies additional expenditure. The user can also test the sensitivity of inflow performance to perforating system performance and
This technology enables the enhanced production from wells that may otherwise have been uneconomical. The technique was applied durin
This technology enables the enhanced production from wells that may otherwise have been uneconomical. The technique was applied durin
wireline perforate in multiple runs a carbonate reservoir which then producedï¿½more than 2500 bbl/day oil before acid stimulation. ï¿½A f
lant is an oxidizer that creates carbon dioxide gas at extremely high peak pressures in the millisecond time regime to overcome in-situ stres
on lengths greatly increased the probability of connecting the completion directly to karstic features in the reservoir to provide enhanced in
on lengths greatly increased the probability of connecting the completion directly to karstic features in the reservoir to provide enhanced in
ariations. Few SPE papers have investigated the variable skin condition with a simple hyperbolic function for a constant rate drawdown. The
the perforation tunnels. With 1 000 psi initial underbalance to remove perforation damage the well would then remain balanced to avoid flu
mbly (BHA) got stuck 20 ft off target depth. After several unsuccessful attempts to recover the BHA it was decided to perforate the 3ï¿½ in.
describes the relationship of energy distribution among them. A criterion is proposed to establish the serviceability of the perforators. Anal
o productivity in naturally perforated completions. Background The perforating of oil and gas wells with shaped charge perforators has bee
od of time. Modeling software is utilized to predict the Productivity Ratio (PR) for different perforating systems considering gun size charge
for these wells. Both coefficient values as determined for five wells are inside the variation intervals for scale damage coefficients obtained
w that simultaneous injection of seawater with produced water containing even decimal fractions of ppm of barium would results in significa
ed. It is generally accepted that PWRI leads to plugging of fractures and damage of injection zone permeability.[1-2]ï¿½The engineering i
her experiences have been utilized in a recent major increment in the Ghawar field that was mainly developed using multilateral MRC well
crete manner as had been traditionally done in the Campos Basin. Horizontal openhole gravel packs as planned for the development of A
ment. Two wells were planned in which three oil reservoirs would be completed and produced commingled using one gas reservoir as a lif
ï¿½ From this review the operator and a service/ engineering company were able to develop a sand-exclusion method that combined seve
used on the wells due to the long deviated intervals. The â€œfrac-pack stimulation treatments are pumped at rates of 27 to 40 bbl/min with
n the wells because of the long deviated intervals. The frac-pack" stimulation treatments are pumped at rates of 27 to 40 bbl/min with a visco
e thin producing interval with ESP set in the same casing. Due to the low productivity of this type of completion and high water cut a work-o
4 ft of water and is the worldâ€™s tallest free-standing structure. The Petronius project originally targeted two main reservoirs which were d
ed perforation intervals begin to fail/collapse increasing the sand rate. There are periods of agreement and underestimation (by a factor of
o meet injector material requirements. The FLC formulation was modified from conventional design to enhance the pressure response. The
neering company were able to develop an innovative sand-exclusion method that combined several new technologies. To date four wells
nation of both A1ST1BP1 frac-pack jobs was conducted in conjunction with laboratory collapse and erosion testing of the premium screens.
longevity. Total cost of deployment to recover 0.75MMbbl of oil was USD$0.650M compared to projected USD$5.0M for possible hoist re-e
ase of the project and the QA/QC processes implemented in the field. Finally the paper presents the well productivity data from the wells com
on-Darcy effect. The PI for 60ï¿½ wells reduces by 62% comparing to the 80ï¿½ wells due to concentrated flow to a much shorter wellbore
constant shear stress approach. The major contribution includes computational fluid dynamic simulation (CFD) of the 3D flow around the pa
Open Hole Gravel Packs.ï¿½ OHGP requires a high quality mud filter cake to be maintained throughout drilling and placement of the grave
ase of the project and the QA/QC processes implemented in the field. Finally the paper presents the well productivity data from the wells com
nd gas storage (UGS) services in Italy are gaining in importance because these operations allow gas companies to maintain a strategic rese
with hydrocarbon production that met or exceeded operator expectations with zero mechanical and extremely low rate dependent skins. I
orâ€™s expectations for conventional technology. The STMZ completions are saving 1 to 2 rig days per gravel pack zone compared to co
reservoir properties having an average porosity of 35% and an average permeability of ï¿½1 Darcy. The reserves to be produced from the
he simulator calculates the bed height based on equilibrium velocity model which constitutes the alpha wave part of the packing. During the
re available for gravel packing with either a water-based (WB) or an oil-based gravel packing fluid. Both approaches have been practiced
jection wells a microemulsion spotting fluid was formulated to remediate the damage in the two Rosa wells. The formulation contains a sur
ier fluid in concentrations ranging from 1 to 3 ppa. These slugs range from 5 to 7 bbl and are pumped intermittently between stages of the c
er fluid in concentrations ranging from 1 to 3 ppa. These slugs range from 5 to 7 bbl and are pumped intermittently between stages of the c
far-field stress was quantified using models and minifrac and fracpack data and transformed to the local stresses around the perforations.
ecord and the rock mechanical analysis performed the Gjï¿½a project team wanted to conduct laboratory tests to confirm its applicability an
ed a methodology whereby the proppant could be â€œtagged with over 20 unique markers. This paper will discuss how the tagging agents
not sweep any oil. Overall horizontal injection wells performance in the field was poor with injection rates typically dropping quickly with con
sand control in a variety of well conditions. Screenless completions have been proven effective in reservoirs from 10 to 60 ft in thickness at
sand control in a variety of well conditions. Screenless completions have been proven effective in reservoirs from 10 to 60 ft in thickness at
ontrol completions better. Local sand-control gravel used in the completions was evaluated for steam dissolution and adherence to America
d a peak gas production rate of ~250 MMscf/d in early 2005. The field had declined during 2005/6 but the rate is expected to be restored to
identified to manage this sand. The operational evaluation is based on a Quantitative Risk Analysis (QRA) of the facilities and wells which
of sand control techniques when used in a similar geological environment. Impact of the measured drawdown values on the sand control r
iterative process to determine the unknown fluid pressure and solid displacements at the interface. The boundary between the slurry and
ty surface for 0.1-0.5 million cavities requiring enormous computer processing time. In order to avoid the prohibitive requirements of enorm
eomechanical reservoir characterization including geomechanics core laboratory test and mechanical earth model building sanding predict
etc.ï¿½ In addition to investigating the mechanical response of the rock formations in each completion design the model simulates both w
produced oil for more than 30 years. This field experiences massive sanding from some wells but experiences no problems with other wells
produced oil for more than 30 years. This field experiences massive sanding from some wells but experiences no problems with other wells
esults revealed that the problems facing the field were other than conventional sanding and formation failure and that they involved some r
esults revealed that the problems facing the field were other than conventional sanding and formation failure and that they involved some r
dual water saturation. The experimental results are discussed on the basis of the chemical interaction between water and rocksâ€”capillary
dual water saturation. The experimental results are discussed on the basis of the chemical interaction between water and rocksâ€”capillary
However once all mechanisms for sanding are incorporated a more consistent analysis can be used by completion and production engine
However once all mechanisms for sanding are incorporated a more consistent analysis can be used by completion and production engine
ely spaced fractures than for coal with closely spaced fractures. Therefore the relative permeability to gas increases more rapidly for coals w
model is designed to account for many of the factors and mechanisms that are known to influence sanding in the field and as such can be u
model is designed to account for many of the factors and mechanisms that are known to influence sanding in the field and as such can be u
e Gulf of Mexico with first production in 1994. The facility was developed with 33 dry tree wells and a 10 well subsea template tieback to the
used for time-dependent analysis of wellbore stability as it undergoes disaggregation and sand production induced by depletion drawdown
used for time-dependent analysis of wellbore stability as it undergoes disaggregation and sand production induced by depletion drawdown
ate of sand failure with a model for transport of solids in a fluid might eventually lead to a realistic sanding rate prediction. Existing sand p
h and deviation angle for preventing mechanical wellbore instability were developed for various formations. In addition a drilling fluid design
er that the prediction of sulphide scale and the methodologies available for their laboratory assessment especially in brines containing high
priate scale-management strategy for Oseberg Sï¿½r. For those wells completed with downhole chemical injection lines the option to use t
ations. Additionally a simple hybrid model to compute total skin factor in perforated inclined wells has been presented. The hybrid model fo
empirical parameters in the model were determined from an extensive 3D finite-element simulation study. The results of the new model sh
y employed to stimulate seawater injectors and disposal wells where the bottomhole temperature was in the range of 100 to 150ï¿½F. More
drochloric acids in high temperature environments. Recently there has been a large number of highly successful acid fracture treatments in
nging from 15 to 60 minutes. After the fracture surfaces were carefully characterized with a surface profilometer the fracture conductivity w
drochloric acids in high temperature environments. Recently there has been a large number of highly successful acid fracture treatments in
achieve effective acid diversion during acid fracturing was recently implemented. The trials were conducted in a matrix acid and in an acid f
ieve effective acid diversion during acid fracturing was recently implemented. The pilot comprised field trials in a number of wells with simila
s.ï¿½ With an internal breaker system the diverter does not require contact with formation fluid brine or acid to clean up and provide optim
overall success of this project demonstrates that there is a viable commercial and technical alternative to the traditional stimulation method
ermeability cores and low dP max /dP 0 in low-permeability cores. Retained permeability measurements are presented that assess the leve
overage in stimulating large limestone reservoirs whether conveyed by coiled tubing or bullheaded from surface. The use of viscoelastic d
te minerals and etches the surface of the fracture. The system was examined thoroughly in the laboratory and showed promising results. T
overage in stimulating large limestone reservoirs whether conveyed by coiled tubing or bullheaded from surface. The use of viscoelastic d
technical challenge. In addition the crude oil was heavy (17 to 21ï¿½API) and compatibility with the stimulation fluids was a concern. In t
ons. The field results show significant improvement in post-stimulation production owing to effective diversion and water-production contro
and conditions will also be discussed. Post-treatment production gain is correlated with the efficiency and timing of the flowback process. U
n be noticed but are not optimal. An enhanced system that contains temperature-degradable fibers has been used in Kazakhstan. Such sys
nderstood than those of HCl with carbonate rocks. Organic acid/carbonate systems are complicated because of the presence of CO2 orga
sting method and procedure to measure and quantify static fluid loss from stimulation and gravel-pack fluids. The Task Group comprised a c
lity was due to the mechanical plugging of the kaolinite or disrupted mica in the pore throats. This reduction in the matrix permeability creat
once the fluid enters the formation. Chemical diversion can be achieved through placing a viscous fluid foam or gel to lower the penetration
oam though has evaded application in the region until recently. Absence of foam to this point is mostly due to equipment requirements an
ber is presented. Fine-grid compositional simulations of a single-well treatment were done using the calibrated relative permeability model to
PSD) in the carbonate.ï¿½ Each RRT represents a group of carbonate rocks with similar porosity spatial distribution and is expected to exh
rating the effectiveness of the fluid systems and mixing process in improving well productivity and job economics. A stimulation campaign w
ents in the near wellbore region. The model is a radial isothermal two-phase multiï¿½component and multi-layer mathematical model. The
lls for restimulation is likely to result in worse outcomes than random selection of workover candidates. Studies performed to date have con
Mcf/D stimulated with polymer-based fluid. Introduction ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ The Waltman-Cave Gulch field complex is located on the north
ming. This paper will discuss stimulation with the new fluid and how pin-point pressure measurement enabled the operator to make informe
Mcf/D stimulated with polymer-based fluid. Introduction ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ The Waltman-Cave Gulch field complex is located on the north
nd future development that focuses on ultimate productivity throughout well or reservoir productive life regardless of boundaries between
ed reservoir cores. ï¿½Measurements show a significant amount of the surfactant is adsorbed on the rock surface which is important for th
ction rates showed substantial oil production increase and water production decrease 360% and 40% respectively. Background In the Sab
across multiple pressure sensors correctly located within a multi-zone vertical or deviated I-completion can identify the time and location o
n wells since 2001 through collaboration with technology developers. Assurance related activities are an important aspect of these technolo
n wells since 2001 through collaboration with technology developers. Assurance related activities are an important aspect of these technolo
jector. Modeling work was conducted to understand the data. The results of the field trial and model work demonstrated that: The magnit
well model resulting in some important practical guidelines. The effect of fluid properties and that of reservoir anisotropy (vertical to horizont
eservoir section. Structural data derived from the density image log and projected fluid contacts based on LWD formation pressure tests we
ion which negatively affected the cement bond log interpretation. Two wells with long intervals of excellent cement on logs suffered behind
ion which negatively affected the cement bond log interpretation. Two wells with long intervals of excellent cement on logs suffered behind
ll Asia Pacific region has been elevated through this stimulation campaign. Lessons learnt and best practices established will be passed to
reach up to 400mD). The contrast in permeability is unfavorable as the high permeability layers are often encountered at the heel of the dra
n required to achieve the well deliverability. Finally the acid formulation and volume can be determined to generate the desired wormhole pa
ave been implemented. Furthermore Dismantle Inspection and Failure Analysis (DIFA) of pulled ESP systems were conducted to evaluate
n developed in the last 10 years. As of 2007 FPJP technology is still only used at the Kuparuk Field. FPJPâ€™s have no moving parts exc
ntly has no gas supply. Wells in the shallow strong water drive reservoirs of this field flow naturally to terminal water cuts of between 60 to
a high gas production rate carries liquid from bottom hole to the surface as a fine mist of droplets with the droplets traveling close to the spe
as the operator. The Surmont pilot began injection of steam in 1997. The pilot is comprised of three SAGD well pairs that utilize a variety o
e cycle being completed. After startup effectively no energy is used up to keep operating the system. The system is of immense economic
used to illustrate the advantages of employing such a proper real-time cleanup monitoring and choke control strategy. This only becomes p
production capacity of +1.1 Bcf/D and injection capacity of 1.1 Bcf/D was achieved in June of 2004 ahead of schedule. The well count was
spectively located at 80 Km and 30 Km from shore one 24 main multi-phase sea line from CARINA-1 to Rio-Cullen production facility and o
ability is concerned. In other words although 40 to 60% degradation in the gas productivity index (PI) occurred gas deliverability remained i
er fields in the planning phase. The six producing gas fields contain multiple stacked and faultsegmented reservoirs with recoverable reserv
n wells reduced. Introduction Use of the vertical wells is a traditional and well-known method of hydrocarbon field development.ï¿½ Howev
n 10 days of rig time. Introduction The Manati field is located in the southern portion of the Bahia state and approximately 10 km offshore w
ve opens the next control line is pressurized squeezing the next C-ring. The main feasibility issue with this cemented sliding sleeve conce
mation formation damage is expected to be one of the main challenges to counter the observed decreasing production. A new dimension ha
sibility reservoirs of the Niger Delta as they will allow higher well productivity to be attained and their greater inflow area is also advantageou
rm return concentration which is important for some wells where a higher inhibitor return concentration is needed. The laboratory squeeze
loading mechanism in a sub-critical velocity production system has been considered in the analysis using a mechanistic wellbore outflow m
loading mechanism in a sub-critical velocity production system has been considered in the analysis using a mechanistic wellbore outflow m
½ Local formation dip changes were computed and well trajectory revised in real time due to such integration. The process used in this pro
½ Local formation dip changes were computed and well trajectory revised in real time due to such integration. The process used in this pro
topic in the upstream petroleum industry. Ref [1] defined RTO as â€œa process of measure-calculate-control cycles at a frequency which m
Background Haradh forms the southwest part of the Ghawar oil field located about 80 kms onshore from the Arabian Gulf in the Eastern P
ction with an automated feedback control hydraulic valves will oscillate. Computations also show that all other factors remaining equal thes
audi Aramco. Background Haradh forms the southwest portion of the Ghawar oil field approximately 80 km onshore from the Arabian Gul
entional surface-controlled production. However accelerated production did not always result in higher ultimate recovery compared to the
el shows that the dual-lateral accelerates the oil recovery by 10% compared to the horizontal well performance. Nevertheless the results of
study the use of alcohol and inhibited diesel to remove formation damage by liquid blockage and their application in condensate gas reserv
very can be increased by using inflow control devices. Introduction The West Brae 16/7a-W8z well was a sidetrack of an existing well. T
bed booster pump was shown to be a potentially attractive solution for some reservoir developments. This work provides a comparison of t
e calculated over the life cycle starting at initial rates of 280 and 400 MMcf/D. Erosion rates were also calculated with and without a liquid fil
P) a technology that consists of a set of tubing-deployed guns that are activated by a primer or firing head and detonate shaped charges. T
entially the only reliable method of evaluating ESP system performance (and other types of time-to-event data). Introduction The critical im
m the Advanced Cuttings Transport Facility of Tulsa University Drilling Research Project. The effects of polymer concentration backpressu
op with flow convergence in the region with reduced permeability. Control of drilling damage ratio is more important than control of drilling d
product was the fact that it offered the prospect of overcoming the traditional challenges that are always associated with acid fracturing suc
ficant production improvements gained from hydraulic fracturing. We will also present how the Alpine full field model predictions have impa
ficant production improvements gained from hydraulic fracturing. We will also present how the Alpine full field model predictions have impa
In the higher-porosity higher-permeability northern portion of the field pad sizes of 35 000 gal containing 20 000 lb of 100-mesh sand allow
d impede flowback into the horizontal leg of the wellbore. The results from this new technique have been encouraging; with an estimated 2
stics such as leakoff behavior viscosity development settling rate for large-sized proppants and fiber degradation in static and dynamic co
g acid fracturing was recently implemented in several gas producers. The pilot comprised field trials in wells with similar reservoir character
Western Siberia to have high degree of lamination and multiple shaly layers inside producing zone pilot well-candidates for the project we
constraints. The use of fiber technique prevents sand falling down from perforations and ensures the ESS running smoothly. This technique
methods to determine capillary forces for the flowback aids. In addition fluid loss testing was done to determine if the flowback additives co
mechanisms studied in this work can also partially explain some recent results from microseismic or tiltmeter mapping that show more fractu
ater and ultra-deepwater environments. As of October 2007 sixteen total jobs have been pumped with a weighted frac pack fluid. Of these
e surfactant-based system relatively insensitive to most produced waters and even to some high-density brines. Fluid chemistry modificati
ce of following a systematic approach. Ultimately this paper focuses on how to optimize well performance using recycled waters in stimulati
are obtained by maximizing the effective wellbore radius using the recently developed correlation by Mahdiyar et al. (2009). This formulati
s and production analysis tools have enabled the evaluation of the technology used and the acceleration of the learning curve to achieve si
eduction in water cut from 25% to 9%. In contrast two wells in the same field and with very similar characteristics which were frac-and-pack
net pressure from 14 to 27 bars at the end of the main treatment indicating fracture containment within the pay zone. The contained fractur
wells and the optimization of the fracturing process. Introduction Fracturing is no longer restricted to vertical wells drilled in hard formation
ion so that the selected sections can individually be stimulated evenly and inflow contribution from the entire openhole section can be max
eability Modifier additive (RPM) in the frac fluid for water control. In the top of the zone the second stage is characterized for being a fractur
elastic fluid used in nine different mature producer wells with preï¿½treatment water cuts ranging from 32% to 94%. One additional case i
s not require cementing and provides positive mechanical diversion at specified intervals so fracturing and stimulations can be pumped effe
ve effective diversion. Consequently Saudi Aramco field tested an innovative new completion technology that provided the ability to select
il wells have been operated intentionally above the bubblepoint. However more-aggressive well designs have recently been shown to incre
ne the preferred orientation plane for perforating. Oriented perforating assisted in achieving lower fracture breakdown pressures. Fracturing
literature concerning the use of the dimensionless productivity index as a measure for improved fracture stimulation design under boundar
nvironment. Although correct candidate selection and fracture design the degree of the pre-stimulation formation damage has proven to be
ment and into the formation without perforated holes. Significant laboratory testing was conducted that predicted fracture initiation pressure t
ve valve in regards to fracture initiation. Full-scale stress frame tests were conducted using sandstone blocks with far field stress applied.
ed. First there is the area of input parameters where the effect of plasticity on fracture geometry is significant. Secondly fracture behavior
e clean proppant packs and gravel packs are desired3.ï¿½In the latest form presented here a VES fluid utilizing a new surfactant has bee
ereby generating an opportunity to recover otherwise bypassed hydrocarbon reserves. Introduction In the recent past several papers1-9 h
ts5-7 and (6) capillary pressure8. More recent studies9-15 have shown that for effective cleanup of fracturing fluid and length a Dimension
ncrement of production from 2 798 BOPD to 5 353 BOPD maintaining the same wellhead pressure. The field results showed a significant im
effective at reducing the yield stress effects than a larger breaker amount delivered randomly in the slurry. Alternative breaker materials are
the microseismic and treating pressure results of the first stage showed height growth into the proposed zone to be targeted by the second
2 3ï¿½ The fracture geometry is determined from microseismic events observed from a monitoring borehole. Usually only a single (closes
y and depletion. These fracture mapping results are being combined with geologic geophysical and engineering data from the field to assi
ctors upon fracture conductivity and calculate the corresponding impact on well performance.ï¿½ A fracture treatment optimized to accomm
ve measured the etched-fracture-surface profile for a wide range of acidizing conditions. The etched-surface characteristics depend strongly
as shown the validity of seismic methods and tilt indicators for tight rock such as carbonates and tight sandstone. However all experiments
ctrometer. The detected gamma ray response not only identifies the presence of the proppant but in addition the strength of the response
engineering approach that reduced the assumptions in the estimation of hydraulic fracturing efficiency particularly for the wells that were
d for the entire proppant pack. The variation of apparent proppant permeability along the length of the fracture and its impact on well prod
xpelled back into the formation or is completely filled with fracturing fluid. When the pressure at the tip is higher than the far-field pore press
ta evaluation following acid fracturing using surfactant-based acids. It also compares the performance of two main acid systems based on f
rformance of fractured wells. We use guidelines for choosing from the available fracture stimulation alternatives to focus on the technical m
on at SR contains natural fractures and the primary open natural fracture sets strike generally east-west. Healed natural fracture sets strike
rmance can then be used to better engineer the stimulation to optimize drainage (Mayerhofer et al. 2005). Hydraulic fractures are formed g
lid matrix connected with the pore pressure gradient. The influence of proppant properties rock properties in-situ stress fracture width an
ease (tip screen-out like pressure response) as the stress at the tip increases when the in-plane fracture propagates past the initial fracture
stability of the interface could bring to formation and growth of â€œfingers of gas penetrating the bulk fluid. The growth of fingers and their f
aluation tool it is possible to infer change in anisotropy which can indicate the creation of a propped fracture. In this paper the results from
thickness compared to the fracture thickness plays a critical role in creating significant yield stress effects which could be either avoided t
When a second injectivity test on the second well was conducted again ï¿½the injected rate was not able to create fracture even though t
eight measurements. This paper describes the applied methodology for one of these evaluated boreholes (Carmï¿½polis Field) where the d
rock 6 7 and shallow fractures in soil.8 Some of these experiments included monitoring instruments to measure fracture pressure and width
ch better normalized production performance than the other assets. Other factors might also influence this result however compelling evid
hat inertia is quite dominant at all the tested conditions albeit to a greater extent at lower IFT and higher gas fractional flow rates. In the case
e. Secondly the weather conditions with surface temperatures ranging from +20ï¿½C in summer to -50ï¿½C in winter and logistical issues
e made to the blast joint and wellhead. Subsequent treatments were performed without mechanical failures with 350k and 282k lbs of propp
ulation field studies used to validate these steps. Finally options to improve well deliverability are explored. Gas Condensate and Banking
s fraction. Results show that the coupled simulations could be significantly more accurate in comparison to stand-alone well or reservoir sim
-bearing formation or gas cap to lift an oil-producing zone artificially as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Unlike conventional gas lift in which gas is p
er fields in the planning phase. The six producing gas fields contain multiple stacked and faultsegmented reservoirs with recoverable reserv
tion velocity and wettability alteration were also studied. The results showed that emulsions carrying more viscous oils could resist higher p
flow for both oil/gas and water/gas flow and strong liquid-wetting and altered-wetting states. On the basis of our measurements we conclu
enhole section in a neutral pH condition thus enabling it to be distributed over the entire interval of interest. Enough acid is generated over
ith the wellbore flow and the pressure and flow rate distribution are predicted by the model. The model then is used to analyze the develop
mal injection performance. With the increasing need for water-flooding to access todayâ€™s reserves and the rising costs in drilling horizo
ultiple isolation systems to effectively treat different sections of the wellbore. Multiple coiled tubing trips and multiple rig-up and rig-down of t
ultiple isolation systems to effectively treat different sections of the wellbore. Multiple coiled tubing trips and multiple rigup and rig-down of th
ults from this well zero production was achieved a decision was taken to investigate the effect of the mud on well productivity consecutive
ults from this well zero production was achieved a decision was taken to investigate the effect of the mud on well productivity consecutive
elines for future application of horizontal openhole completions on the North Slope of Alaska and elsewhere. Introduction From the early 1
nflow from different reservoir sections and to assist with well cleanup. Interpretation of the DTS traces indicated inflow-performance problem
%. Introduction Under favorable conditions of high pressure and low temperature hydrocarbons and water can combine to form crystalline
important at higher rate. As a result an increasing of condensate liquid rate and an optimization productivity point has been obtained. This
iling) based on a given wellbore temperature profile. The potential impact of noise in the DTS measurement on flow profiling has been expl
s value creation during its expected lifetime is because of the DIACS (Downhole Instrumentation and Control System) installation. Introduc
y increase the recovery factor for MRC (Maximum Reservoir Contact) wells. Introduction Field History:The Shaybah field discovered in 19
performance data at the reservoir level that has been critical to improving reservoir characterization reducing forecast uncertainty and ena
emphasis on the designs available and their areas of application. These technical criteria will be illustrated using published field examples.
un using nodal analysis software and include the reservoir simulation grid. A-priori simulations explored several scenarios to address and c
om measurement at or very near the wellbore during the drilling of the well together with exploration seismic and (global) reservoir geolog
This paper will evaluate different options to combine ESPs with intelligent completions and review their respective limitations benefits and ri
ing oil as the â€œGood Water is also blocked. â€œProactive Control will also be successful when reduced water or gas inflow is required
rio-testing and mitigation strategies several key decisions were made including the number and placement location of ICVs based on well
neous fractured and fissured carbonate reservoirs for MRC (Maximum Reservoir Contact) wells. Introduction Saudi Aramcoâ€™s Abqaiq
rding to well water cut and flow rate and individual downhole rate and phase measurements obtained from a surface multiphase flowmeter
work presented in this study addresses part of this issue with a laboratory controlled hydraulic fracturing test performed on a large block of C
work presented in this study addresses part of this issue with a laboratory controlled hydraulic fracturing test performed on a large block of C
always lower than by N2 foam. The possible mechanisms explaining the observed differences in foaming behavior of the two gases are dis
surfactant. Core floods combined with CT scan imaging provide valuable specific information about the effect of heterogeneity for better des
odelling and laboratory studies are needed to improve the performance of foam in the field. In the last years several models were develope
ritical velocity requires knowledge of pressure temperature produced fluids and PVT properties. The determination of critical rate requires
was the main reason for the wellâ€™s inability to flow. Analysis shows that if a coiled-tubing gas-lift operation is feasible the well could be
is questionable. Hence to assess the validity of the methods a field test was designed and executed. The results were compared with vari
-of-the art multiphase pumping method that is being trialled in an onshore oil field but has significant opportunity for gas well deliquification
ess able to cope with disturbances. This leads to higher critical rates for those systems. This corresponds to data from field observations. A
nication and are supplemented in some cases by operator internal networks. This combination of technology development and effective co
d. This is discussed in detail in the paper. No foam-related problems were encountered at the platform as defoamer was injected at surface.
particular pumping was found to be favored over gas lift because it provided lower bottomhole pressures and required less power. This ne
mping which is prohibitively expensive.1-4 In the last several decades several other methods to unload water from gas wells have been de
everal advantages over other artificial lift techniques. It is especially suitable for dewatering loaded gas well that has low to medium water i
ve of those used in the field were used in the test. The results were also confirmed with separate measurements taken from a test-well facil
section and an example of using the model to history match actual treatment data from a North Sea chalk well. Introduction Horizontal wells
arted producing moderate amounts of sand in 1993. GMRSï¿½ is history matched with historical production data prior to sand predictions
In particular we examine the effects of clay silt and sand laminations geometry on the reservoirs productivity. For that purpose we comm
ysis were sampled along the well trajectories from the 3D model. Sand production prediction analysis was subsequently undertaken using a
y but also initiate straighter and more dominant wormholes while the un-removed perforation debris causes the wormhole to start with a m
of the related productivity increase vs. the conventional perforating method. Introduction In 1981 the operator started its exploration activ
are was run in advanced to optimize gun selection where both operational risks and production objectives were taken into consideration. C
was deployed successfully while pushing the limits of its application envelope. To obtain a dynamic underbalanced condition in such a low
fects that potentially could occur when LEPâ€™s are applied in the field. Calculated total pressure drops across the LEP hardware have s
balance (with the completion fluid weighted accordingly) while subsequent zones could only be perforated balanced at best. A new perforat
g system performance and input assumptions.ï¿½ If system performance is critical this may encourage laboratory tests under representativ
chnique was applied during a pre-fracturing perforating job for Total E&P USA Inc. (Total) in their Bethany field located in east Texas. ï¿½T
chnique was applied during a pre-fracturing perforating job for Total E&P USA Inc. (Total) in their Bethany field located in east Texas. ï¿½T
e acid stimulation. ï¿½A fast acting memory recorder was run with the guns to record pressure transients in the well bore at the time of perf
e to overcome in-situ stresses and create perforation breakdown and mild fracturing near the wellbore. This paper will focus on two case hi
ir to provide enhanced inflow performance.ï¿½ Another significant benefit was that perforation and stimulation would take place in a single
ir to provide enhanced inflow performance.ï¿½ Another significant benefit was that perforation and stimulation would take place in a single
nstant rate drawdown. The constant rate drawdown assumption is not suitable for the UBP as the flow rate varies along with the changes in
main balanced to avoid fluid invasion on the new perforations. The secondary objective was to avoid an additional CT run for correlation th
to perforate the 3ï¿½ in. drill pipe to provide a conduit for production. The challenge was deploying the gun at 90ï¿½deviation correlating
y of the perforators. Analytical results from the model are compared with the data collected from surface tests. The results indicate that the
harge perforators has been carried out by the industry since the 1940â€™s. Throughout this period of time charge performance has improv
sidering gun size charge type shot density reservoir characteristics and the well conditions at the time of shooting. The optimal gun syste
mage coefficients obtained from coreflood data. It allows concluding that the productivity damage in wells under investigation was caused by
m would results in significant injectivity decline. Introduction Sulphate scaling with consequent deposit formation and wellbore damage is
1-2]ï¿½The engineering issue faced by the operator is reduced to establishing the balance between two (2) competing mechanisms.ï¿½T
ing multilateral MRC wells equipped with downhole smart completions and surface MPFMs. Introduction The well is located in an area sur
d for the development of Albacora Leste were already an established and successful completion technique in the Campos Basin. However
g one gas reservoir as a lift gas source.ï¿½ Expandable sand screens would be installed across the perforated intervals inside a cemented
ethod that combined several new technologies needed to effectively complete this reservoir. To date four wells have been completed with
s of 27 to 40 bbl/min with a viscoelastic surfactant carrier fluid. Washpipe conveyed downhole pressure and temperature gauges and radioa
to 40 bbl/min with a viscoelastic-surfactant (VES) carrier fluid. Washpipe-conveyed downhole-pressure and -temperature gauges and radio
nd high water cut a work-over program was initiated by Saudi Aramco in the late 90s to re-complete these wells as horizontal producers usi
in reservoirs which were delineated by seven preplatform-well penetrations. Once these two original pay sands were developed the operat
estimation (by a factor of ~4) between observation and prediction. This is important because it is the first time this model has been benchm
e pressure response. The last test results averaged over 5 100 psi. Comprehensive before and after measurements and slot inspections w
gies. To date four wells have been completed with the new sand-exclusion method and well configuration chosen to address the comple
g of the premium screens. Collapse testing revealed that the screen lost sand control at less than 1 000 psi. The collapse rating stated by th
.0M for possible hoist re-entry. This paper details the deployment process of this Novel solution that has successfully restored production f
ity data from the wells completed to date. Introduction The Greater Plutonio Development is a 5 field deepwater project located in Block 18
o a much shorter wellbore and much larger scaled skin and non-Darcy term. Uncertainty analysis was performed on non-Darcy beta-factor
he 3D flow around the packer using a finite volume method. The methodology based on the estimation of the local shear stresses at the in
nd placement of the gravel pack. Traditional methods with acid to breakdown filter cake have been proven ineffective as they cause highly c
ity data from the wells completed to date. Introduction The Greater Plutonio Development is a 5 field deepwater project located in Block 18
o maintain a strategic reserve of natural gas to alleviate possible reductions in supply from imports and to prevent critical situations in the ga
w rate dependent skins. Introduction Openhole gravel packing is one of the most popular completion techniques particularly in deepwater
ack zone compared to conventional techniques. Up to five sand control zones per well have been successfully completed in a single service
s to be produced from the CARINA sands belong to the Springhill formation and are reasonably heterogeneous with eight main defined sa
of the packing. During the beta wave dehydration packing is achieved with fluid leaking off into the screen-washpipe annulus. The simulato
hes have been practiced in various regions in the world. A common and critical element of both approaches is the proper assessment of p
ormulation contains a surfactants blend acetic acid and brine. The remediation was performed using a Coiled Tubing (CT) equipped with a
ly between stages of the completion fluid to minimize cost. The carrier fluid by virtue of its viscosity and mechanical suspension capability
y between stages of the completion fluid to minimize cost. The carrier fluid by virtue of its viscosity and mechanical suspension capability e
s around the perforations. The sanding potential of the well was then estimated by computing the critical bottomhole flowing pressure (CBH
confirm its applicability and also to optimize perforating parameters. An extensive laboratory test program was conducted on representative
s how the tagging agents are incorporated to become a permanent component of the pellet. The results of laboratory testing will be provide
dropping quickly with constant injection pressure. Increase in injection pressure to bring the injection rate up is limited due to the low forma
10 to 60 ft in thickness at depths from 4 000 to 10 500-ft true vertical depth in casings from 3-1/2 to 9-5/8-in. and in oil and gas reservoirs a
10 to 60 ft in thickness at depths from 4 000 to 10 500-ft true vertical depth in casings from 3-1/2 to 9-5/8-in. and in oil and gas reservoirs a
and adherence to American Petroleum Institute (API) gravel-pack-sand standards. An audit of the primary sand-control-screen manufacture
expected to be restored to 250 MMscf/d by the end of 2006 where it is expected to stay until 2012. In 2007 the offset field Mid Tapti will be
facilities and wells which helped identify operational changes to further reduce the â€ãs builtâ€™ low risk operation. This use of sand qua
ues on the sand control robustness will be described. Introduction The Girassol fields were discovered in May 1996 and were appraised i
ry between the slurry and the porous medium evolves as sand is produced. The problem to solve has then a geometry varying with time b
ve requirements of enormous computer time the model must be vastly simplified by eliminating any cavities.
building sanding prediction and evaluation and a detailed review of sanding history to understand the severity of the sanding risk and san
e model simulates both well drawdown and reservoir depletion effects on sand failure potential throughout the reservoir life.ï¿½ The results
problems with other wells. This variation made the Messla field an ideal candidate for a detailed sanding and geomechanics investigation a
problems with other wells. This variation made the Messla field an ideal candidate for a detailed sanding and geomechanics investigation a
that they involved some rather interesting and misleading phenomena such as precipitation of salt from production tubing scale spalling o
that they involved some rather interesting and misleading phenomena such as precipitation of salt from production tubing scale spalling o
ter and rocksâ€”capillary stress and relative permeability. It is concluded that water-saturation-induced rock-strength reduction is the most s
ter and rocksâ€”capillary stress and relative permeability. It is concluded that water-saturation-induced rock-strength reduction is the most s
ion and production engineers to make more objective and pragmatic decisions in managing sanding while maximizing production over the l
ion and production engineers to make more objective and pragmatic decisions in managing sanding while maximizing production over the l
es more rapidly for coals with more widely spaced cleats as less dewatering from fractures is required assuming that the fractures are initia
ield and as such can be used as a practical tool for predicting the frequency and severity of sand bursts and changes in operating condition
ield and as such can be used as a practical tool for predicting the frequency and severity of sand bursts and changes in operating condition
ea template tieback to the fixed jacket platform. The template is tied to the platform via two subsea flow loops one 8 insulated loop for norm
d by depletion drawdown and water cut. Such numerical tools can be used in designing the completion by identifying the critical operationa
d by depletion drawdown and water cut. Such numerical tools can be used in designing the completion by identifying the critical operationa
rediction. Existing sand production prediction models tend to assume that the formation disintegrates into sand grains the moment yield or
tion a drilling fluid design methodology that can be used for quick and reliable determination of the optimum mud design (weight type and
y in brines containing high dissolved iron concentrations are not as well developed as those for the more conventional sulphate and carbo
n lines the option to use these for scale inhibition was considered cost effective. In other wells where this option was not available scale inh
nted. The hybrid model for perforated inclined wells agrees well with the approximate 3D model. Some of the available models to calculate
sults of the new model show that the azimuth of a perforation (the angle between the perforation tunnel and the maximum permeability dire
of 100 to 150ï¿½F. More than 250 wells (oil gas water injectors and disposal wells) were treated with viscoelastic surfactant-based acid
acid fracture treatments in the Permian Basin incorporating a combination of new polymer-free self-diverting acid combined with an existing
he fracture conductivity was measured at increments of closure stress up to a maximum closure stress of 6 000 psi.ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
acid fracture treatments in the Permian Basin incorporating a combination of new polymer-free self-diverting acid combined with an existing
atrix acid and in an acid fracturing treatments which were designed and pumped with alternating stages of acid and fiber-laden polymer ba
umber of wells with similar reservoir characteristics and multiple porosity lobes. The fracturing treatments were designed and pumped with
lean up and provide optimum production. In some cases as many as four stages of diverters were pumped in the treatment and successfu
itional stimulation methodology associated with wells of this type. With further development to improve efficiency these methods could bec
nted that assess the level of cleanup. Flow-initiation experiments of spent acid systems with gas and brine were performed to illustrate the
The use of viscoelastic diverting acid systems allows oil recovery from the most damaged zones. Oil recovery from these damaged zones
owed promising results. The treatment was conducted in the field without encountering operational problems. After successful placement of
The use of viscoelastic diverting acid systems allows oil recovery from the most damaged zones. Oil recovery from these damaged zones
fluids was a concern. In this paper we demonstrate the fluid selection process and its field implementation supported by integration of me
d water-production control compared with wells in which a conventional polymer-diversion technique was used in the past with no consider
of the flowback process. Use of computer-based virtual laboratory tool for the fluid selection coreflow laboratory testing for the fluid optimiza
d in Kazakhstan. Such systems are shown to successfully divert and stimulate effectively even when natural fractures are dominant. This p
he presence of CO2 organic ligands and potential precipitation of the reaction products; the organic salts of calcium and magnesium. There
Task Group comprised a cross-functional team of operators suppliers and academics which worked under the guidance and direction of an
matrix permeability creating a very high fracture face skin that would account for the higher skin factors following fracture treatments. To e
el to lower the penetration of treatment fluid in the created wormholes and their surrounding matrix or a particulate carrying fluid which cre
quipment requirements and logistic complexity. A hydraulic fracturing treatment based on foam as the main proppant carrier fluid effectively
ative permeability model to investigate the performance of chemical treatments under field conditions as a function of variables such as trea
on and is expected to exhibit similar behavior to fluid flow and therefore to acid dissolutions.ï¿½ The 8 carbonate rocks investigated in this
A stimulation campaign was executed in 2006 to utilize the systems selected in long open-hole horizontal carbonate gas wells. To maximiz
mathematical model. The model considers the immiscible displacement of the oil and water phases along with polymer transport in the aqu
erformed to date have concluded that no selection criteria can be universally applied to every situation; rather that the selection methodolog
lex is located on the northeast flank of the Wind River Basin 50 miles west-northeast of Casper Wyoming (Kuuskraa et al. 1996) Figure 1
operator to make informed decisions to define fracturing/completion strategy. We also present the additional benefits of incorporating existi
lex is located on the northeast flank of the Wind River Basin 50 miles west-northeast of Casper Wyoming (Kuuskraa et al. 1996) Figure 1
s of boundaries between various technical disciplines. Cases of application for fracturing in Nurzhanov field Kazakhstan are discussed.
e which is important for the durability of the treatment. Many attempts have been made to develop effective chemical treatments to mitigate
y. Background In the Sabriyah field of northern Kuwait the wells are usually completed with a dual completion string which provides the me
ify the time and location of the water influx into the well. We will discuss the necessary conditions to ensure clear identification of these para
aspect of these technology developments. This paper will describe several assurance activities and the scope of work involved in each in
aspect of these technology developments. This paper will describe several assurance activities and the scope of work involved in each in
strated that: The magnitude of the first pressure pulse due to abrupt shut-in can be estimated by using the equation: Î”p = Vï¿½ï¿½c whe
otropy (vertical to horizontal permeability ratio kv/kh) have also been studied. For homogenous systems HW and SW have higher product
rmation pressure tests were integrated into the existing field model in real time allowing the team to quickly update its structural model def
t on logs suffered behind casing communication. The reasons for this remain unresolved but are a source of constant discussion. Possible e
t on logs suffered behind casing communication. The reasons for this remain unresolved but are a source of constant discussion. Possible e
ablished will be passed to future campaigns. We would like share our belief that acidization is still a good means for stimulating well product
ered at the heel of the drains. Finally the reservoir temperature is 150ï¿½C (300ï¿½F) leading to the need for retarded acid systems. Bui
e the desired wormhole pattern. The discussion in this paper takes a first step toward the goal of designing matrix acidizing jobs in carbona
re conducted to evaluate the root cause of the failures and remedial actions were implemented to prevent such occurrences in future. Incre
have no moving parts excellent durability and are often a preferred AL method used in Kuparuk wells. FPJP installations at Kuparuk are on
ater cuts of between 60 to 70%. Based on the observed trend of terminal water cut the challenge for the team was to quantify the incremen
traveling close to the speed of the gas. The liquid can be oil condensate and/or water. Any combination and percentage composition of th
airs that utilize a variety of artificial lift methods. These wells have been tested to determine the preferred method of artificial lift for the first c
m is of immense economic benefit as the operating expenditures are low. Also this system uses zero-cost air as power fluid. It is a space eff
tegy. This only becomes possible if an intelligent completion is employed. Sensitivity analysis is used to illustrate how an ICV completion ga
dule. The well count was also reduced from 16 to 12 wells (8 producers and 4 gas injectors.) Two producers had capacities in excess of 30
n production facility and one secondary 18 line from ARIES jacket to the main pipe. The production scheme does not include offshore comp
s deliverability remained intact. In contrast both the liquid PI and rate declined with time owing to phase-behavior and relative permeability
rs with recoverable reserves ranging from 80 bcf to 1.5 tcf.1 Detailed discussions of the reservoir characteristics for most of these fields can
d development.ï¿½ However application of horizontal completions can significantly enhance the efficiency of the hydrocarbon recovery. Ho
ximately 10 km offshore where water depth varies from 35 to 50 m.. This area is extremely environmental sensitive (Fig. ï¿½1) The field w
nted sliding sleeve concept was fracture initiation pressure through the cement and into the formation without perforated holes. Significant
ction. A new dimension has been added to sonic measurements providing measurements in several dimensions: axial radial azimuthal. T
area is also advantageous in solutions where scaling can occur like in water injection for pressure maintenance.ï¿½ Wells drilled and com
The laboratory squeeze simulations were compared to return data obtained from squeeze treatments performed on two wells located in a
anistic wellbore outflow model.ï¿½ A commingled reservoir inflow performance model was utilized in the analysis to evaluate the fluid inflow
anistic wellbore outflow model.ï¿½ A commingled reservoir inflow performance model was utilized in the analysis to evaluate the fluid inflow
e process used in this project to place a complex well entirely in a thin target would be applicable to all thin reservoirs that must be exploited
e process used in this project to place a complex well entirely in a thin target would be applicable to all thin reservoirs that must be exploited
es at a frequency which maintains the systemâ€™s optimal operating conditions within the time-constant constraints of the system. This im
bian Gulf in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia (Figure-1). Haradh field consists of three increments where the initial production started in
ors remaining equal these oscillations occur most easily in low-permeability zones. For unidirectional hydraulic valves we also illustrate no
hore from the Arabian Gulf in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia (Fig. 1). Haradh field consists of three increments: The initial production
ecovery compared to the conventional case. In such situations the benefits of either short-term production optimization (accelerating produ
evertheless the results of the experimental runs indicate higher recovery values at early production stage compared to the numerical mode
in condensate gas reservoirs. The alcohol-based treatments show consistent results about their effectiveness both on core tests carried
rack of an existing well. The existing well W1z was chosen as a sidetrack candidate because of its increasing water cut. The sidetrack w
rovides a comparison of the drivers for the choice of a single electric submersible pump (SESP) and a DESP in the scenarios studied. It illu
with and without a liquid film (a protective layer on the pipe wall that can reduce the erosion rate). Erosion results (without a liquid film) at all
onate shaped charges. These charges create holes in the casing that allow formation fluids to freely flow into the wellbore. When formatio
troduction The critical importance of ESP system performance to field economics and deliverability has been well documented (Allis and C
oncentration backpressure and wellbore trajectory on foam hydraulics were studied extensively using the simulator. Results show significa
nt than control of drilling damage radius. High slot density with low phasing angle helps to reduce the non-Darcy flow effect. Introduction Th
ed with acid fracturing such as excessive acid leak-off shallow acid penetration fast spending due to the temperature effect and corrosion.
del predictions have impacted the candidate selection process and discuss the stimulation design history that includes fracture fluid change
del predictions have impacted the candidate selection process and discuss the stimulation design history that includes fracture fluid change
lb of 100-mesh sand allowed the placement of 800 000 lb of proppant at concentrations up to 15pounds of proppant added per gallon of flu
ging; with an estimated 24% improvement in average well productivity since the fiber designs have been implemented. Additional benefits h
n in static and dynamic conditions were determined in various laboratory tests. This engineering work allowed fiber based fluids technology
similar reservoir characteristics and multiple porosity lobes. The treatments were designed and pumped with alternating stages of acid and f
didates for the project were specifically selected to have complex geology including several layers of sandstones and shaly strikes. This req
smoothly. This technique enabled Brunei Shell Petroleum to cost effectively complete the highly deviated wells with stimulation and sand c
f the flowback additives could improve fluid loss. All the flowback aids demonstrated low surface tension (~30 dyne/cm) but each was diffe
ng that show more fracture height containment than that predicted by commonly used P3D hydraulic fracturing simulators based on averag
d frac pack fluid. Of these jobs eleven treatments have been pumped by Chevron in the deepwater GOM. This paper presents data from th
Fluid chemistry modifications employed to enhance performance allowed for reductions in mix-water and fluid-handling costs shortened flo
cycled waters in stimulation applications. Introduction The exploration and production (E&P) industry in the United States generates appro
t al. (2009). This formulation accounts for the mechanical and flow skins based on quite readily available information at wellbore conditions.
arning curve to achieve significant impact on gas production rates and downhole flowing pressures. Introduction The focus of this paper is
which were frac-and-packed conventionally rendered 100% and 63% water cuts respectively. Another application of this technique refers
one. The contained fractures manifest a 4 times liquid and 3.2 times higher average oil production compared to the production before the fra
s drilled in hard formations with very-low permeability. Higher permeability softer formations as wells as horizontal wells are now routinely f
nhole section can be maximized win one continuous operation. The treatment used the advanced emulsified acid technology to achieve de
terized for being a fracture of greater length diminishing the convection effects. This work summarizes the designs operational planning a
4%. One additional case in presented on a newly drilled producer that was perforated and completed very close to a water zone that was s
ations can be pumped effectively to their targeted zone. The system has also been designed so all of the fracturing or stimulation treatmen
ovided the ability to selectively fracture stimulate multiple zones along the horizontal section. Field trials have yielded excellent and highly pr
ently been shown to increase production more than threefold. The authors explore the economics of producing these wells below the bubb
wn pressures. Fracturing fluids for high temperature (320 degF) operations were selected. Well design and equipment was considered for
on design under boundary-dominated flow conditions.ï¿½ One of the first investigations that specifically pertained to this subject was repor
damage has proven to be significantly different from the comparative formations in Western Siberia hydraulic fracturing has proven again to
acture initiation pressure to be near openhole fracture initiation pressure. To confirm the laboratory testing Petrogulf agreed to place two of
h far field stress applied. The base case was set up using 4-1/2-in diameter casing cemented in one block and then perforated in the prefe
econdly fracture behavior depends on the typical magnitude of friction forces on fracture sides but it depends also on the fracturing fluid rh
a new surfactant has been formulated and optimized for high permeability operations.ï¿½ Fluid Rheology Viscosity of a VES fluid is crea
past several papers1-9 have been written about stimulation practices in the SENM Morrow.ï¿½ These formations of Pennsylvanian age ar
d and length a Dimensionless Fracture Capacity FCD in excess of 10 is required to overcome yield power-law effects. Dimensionless con
lts showed a significant improvement on post-fracture production and flowing pressure at both wellhead and bottomhole. A post-fracture pre
ative breaker materials are explored and additional data are also presented to estimate the yield stress effect for fluid flow across the filter c
be targeted by the second stage treatment.ï¿½ Lessons learned from the first subject well were then incorporated into the completion desig
ually only a single (closest) monitoring borehole is used since other boreholes are too distant and signals at them are considerably attenuat
data from the field to assist with field development. This paper details the results of the mapping and discusses issues with well placement
ment optimized to accommodate these damage factors will be shown to differ dramatically from treatments in which these phenomena were
acteristics depend strongly on the acidizing conditions including acid type and strength velocity in the fracture leakoff rate and rock type. R
However all experiments on soft sandstones such as found in West Siberian have shown more limited results. Given the uncertainties in
e strength of the response is proportional to the amount of the additive/proppant that is present in the fracture thereby providing insight on f
rly for the wells that were completed but were unable to maintain stable production. Although the certainty of the final stabilized production
nd its impact on well productivity are discussed in this paper. A comparison of predicted well productivity is also made with the use of a co
an the far-field pore pressure a pressure wave propagates ahead of the tip with severe consequences on fracture propagation. Finally the
n acid systems based on field data. The evaluation of acid fracturing treatments with in-situ gelled acid systems and surfactant-based acid s
focus on the technical merit of each technique and their application for improving fracture efficiency and deliverability and include the use
natural fracture sets strike generally northwest-southeast. The current principal horizontal stress trends are roughly east-west. The fluvial W
ulic fractures are formed generally through tensile fracturing resulting from injection of pressurized fluids and tend to form orthogonal to the
u stress fracture width and flow rate on proppant flowback is studied to determine the controlling parameters. It is shown that when a sever
es past the initial fracture tip. The in-plane fracture length growth is significantly slowed. Two field cases from the Barnett Shale are evaluat
owth of fingers and their further coalescence could not be described by the linear analysis. Growth of fingers causes irregularity of the mixin
his paper the results from a DCHSA and hydraulic fracture campaign in a Western Siberian oil field are presented. In this field the common
could be either avoided through adequate design or used to estimate the resulting productivity loss. Introduction A JIP active since 20
ate fracture even though the injected pressure was above the breakdown pressure. After analyzing the injectivity data another mechanism
¿½polis Field) where the data evidences suggest a singular fracturing propagation for two different and unexpected cases: (i) a preferential
acture pressure and width at some distance from the injection point.4 7 9 Physical mapping by mining provides fracture geometry details th
however compelling evidence has been found that the much lower drawdown may cause the better performance over time. The normalize
onal flow rates. In the case of the fracture with the higher permeability some kr values measured at the higher IFT are also reported which
winter and logistical issues necessitated adjustments to the fracturing fluids and job design. Finally other factors such as a high tendency of
50k and 282k lbs of proppant pumped at 30 to 35 bpm injection rates. The completion cycle time was reduced about 20% with substantial s
Condensate and Banking Typically gas-condensate reservoirs are single-phase gas in the reservoir at discovery but yield small amounts
alone well or reservoir simulations. In current operations ICVs are mostly used to completely shut down well segments that experience gas
al gas lift in which gas is pumped down the annulus from surface an auto gas lift well has a downhole gas zone completion from which gas
rs with recoverable reserves ranging from 80 bcf to 1.5 tcf.1 Detailed discussions of the reservoir characteristics for most of these fields can
s oils could resist higher pressures due to the combined effects of capillarity and viscosity. Also conditioning the medium with pre-flush sol
measurements we conclude that the treatment of the wellbore region can result in significant improvement in well deliverability from the larg
gh acid is generated over the subsequent 12 hours to remove the filter cake and clean up the crushed zone. This system has recently be
ed to analyze the development plan for the Cosmopolitan field in Alaska. The field has stress-dependent permeability and the vertical perm
sing costs in drilling horizontal injectors this paper showcases the benefits of mitigating the decline in horizontal well injection performance w
e rig-up and rig-down of the stimulation equipment is required. These multi-stage horizontal completions take weeks to complete at high co
e rigup and rig-down of the stimulation equipment is required. These multi-stage horizontal completions take weeks to complete at high cos
l productivity consecutive interventions were planned to remove one potential damage mechanism at a time and investigate the effect on w
l productivity consecutive interventions were planned to remove one potential damage mechanism at a time and investigate the effect on w
oduction From the early 1970s through the 1990s engineers have been drilling and completing wells on the North Slope of Alaska with con
low-performance problems in the long conventional producers whereas the smart wells were observed to be flowing over at approximately
ombine to form crystalline solids which resemble wet snow or ice that are also called hydrates. The crystal structure is composed of cages
has been obtained. This paper presents a methodology to analyze the Non-Darcy effect and to observe the competition between inertia a
w profiling has been explored. It is found that the wellbore temperature does not change significantly along horizontal or near-horizontal se
em) installation. Introduction Production optimization is traditionally associated with maximizing the performance of a producing well by co
bah field discovered in 1968 in the Rub' al-Khali desert of Saudi Arabia is approximately 13 km (8 miles) wide and 64 km (40 miles) long. T
ecast uncertainty and enabled the operator to optimize production offtake. Downhole sensors provide well performance information such as
published field examples. The ICDâ€™s flexibility will be shown by its integration with other conventional and advanced production technolo
cenarios to address and compare different uncertainty issues flow conditions well rates and pressure drawdowns both in the pre-planning
(global) reservoir geological studies. A systematic study of the â€œAdded ICV Value for a range of reservoir models has been complete
limitations benefits and risks. Introduction Intelligent completions An intelligent completion combines permanent downhole sensors and fl
r or gas inflow is required due to tubing or surface handling limitations. The key factor in successful Single Well â€œProactive Control is
on of ICVs based on well type range of production and injection rates and zonal allocation. Introduction One of the key objectives for opti
udi Aramcoâ€™s Abqaiq field is located about 19 miles (30 kilometers) southwest of Dhahran.The field is a northeast-southwest trending e
ce multiphase flowmeter and alternating zonal well tests. The third strategy proportionally chokes the completions as increased completion
med on a large block of Colton sandstone. Physical model tests are of great value to determine the relevant phenomena of hydraulic fractu
med on a large block of Colton sandstone. Physical model tests are of great value to determine the relevant phenomena of hydraulic fractu
r of the two gases are discussed in detail. 1. INTRODUCTION Foam in porous media is a gas-liquid mixture with a continuous liquid phase
eterogeneity for better design of acid diversion operations. 1. Introduction Foam is a highly efficient acid diversion agent for matrix stimulati
ral models were developed to describe the development of foam in porous media. Rossen et al.4 5 advocated the foams fractional flow mod
on of critical rate requires the same properties with the addition of pipe diameter. The required PVT properties including surface tension and
feasible the well could be put back online with an average liquid flow rate of 8 000 stb/d. Gas-lift duration and allowable shut-in time were e
were compared with various approaches to describe wet gas flow in an annulus. This allowed selection of the best approach with an accur
or gas well deliquification. Another focus will be on the planned use of combination methods" that combine the benefits of various artificial l
from field observations. A maximum in the critical velocity is observed around an inclination of 50ï¿½ with a critical rate 40% higher than for
elopment and effective communication is increasingly allowing North American operators to maximize the recovery of challenging gas resou
r was injected at surface. From these successful North Sea surfactant batch trials it can be concluded that de-liquifying gas wells with the
uired less power. This new power perspective provides a systematic way to evaluate deliquification options through the depletion of a well.
m gas wells have been devised to avoid water pumping. These methods utilize the gas pressure for lifting water out of the wellbore. The mo
as low to medium water influx. For this case a plunger is held in the lubricator for certain time to maximize gas production. If there is suffici
aken from a test-well facility. These studies show the traditional rule-of-thumb value of 0.5 ft/sec to be conservative. Multiphase-flow pattern
roduction Horizontal wells are drilled to achieve improved reservoir coverage high production rates and to overcome water coning problem
prior to sand predictions and is used to investigate cavity initiation and growth for the well. An axisymmetric model is used with the reservo
r that purpose we comment on the information from borehole electrical images NMR logs single probe and dual packer wireline formation
uently undertaken using a field proven sanding prediction model that accounts for scale effects associated with different perforation size an
wormhole to start with a more deviated pattern.ï¿½ In the paper the required perforating design to create clean perforations is discussed fo
arted its exploration activity in block 403 of Algeria. The area is located in the Berkin basin on the Sahara platform and close to the Tunisia
ken into consideration. Coiled tubing forces simulation was also used to determine the ability of the gun assemblies to be safely conveyed
ed condition in such a low pressure environment the shot density had to be reduced to 2.5 spf raising concerns about its effect on well prod
the LEP hardware have shown that the liquid flow is limited by the ability of the reservoir to deliver the necessary amount of fluid to the LEP
ed at best. A new perforating system designed to generate a large dynamic underbalance with a static overbalance was used to perforate
tests under representative conditions to verify penetration and inflow. Developing the tool highlighted fundamental shortcomings in the ind
cated in east Texas. ï¿½The job addressed the dual objectives of orienting the perforations along the PFP while simultaneously avoiding t
cated in east Texas. ï¿½The job addressed the dual objectives of orienting the perforations along the PFP while simultaneously avoiding t
ell bore at the time of perforating. The subsequent acid matrix job onï¿½these wells further improved productivity.ï¿½ This paper will show
r will focus on two case histories describing the methods and improved results obtained from the application of the propellant perforating tec
ould take place in a single operation thereby reducing the HS&E risk associated with handling acid while saving rig time. Two successful fie
ould take place in a single operation thereby reducing the HS&E risk associated with handling acid while saving rig time. Two successful fie
along with the changes in the skin (during clean-up) and the wellbore pressures. We present a general formula to handle the skin variation
CT run for correlation thus saving rig time. The objectives were met and this new approach to coiled tubing operations was found to be ef
ï¿½deviation correlating and perforating on depth without e-coil. This was overcome by using an intelligent memory correlating and perfora
e results indicate that the model can reasonably predict the perforator swell and damage after detonation and as such will be a useful tool
e performance has improved significantly due to improvements in the case and liner geometries explosive materials liner composition and
ng. The optimal gun system is run with gas lift on to establish underbalance conditions at the time of shooting for immediate perforation clea
vestigation was caused by sulphate scaling and validates the mathematical model. It also permits to perform a reliable prediction of well pro
and wellbore damage is a well-known phenomenon that occurs during waterflooding when mixing of incompatible injection and formation
peting mechanisms.ï¿½The first mechanism is related to the well-injectivity improvement that may result from any fracturing associated wi
ll is located in an area surrounded by reservoir's faults and fractures; it was drilled as a multi-lateral oil producer with four laterals and plann
Campos Basin. However the Albacora Leste wells were amongst the longest attempted in the basin and due to the combination of the ultr
ervals inside a cemented 9-5/8-in. casing.ï¿½ With a skin of less than +1 on all completed intervals the productivity of both wells has been
have been completed with the new well configuration and sand-exclusion method chosen to address the completion needs.ï¿½ These have
erature gauges and radioactive tracers are used to help analyze the treatment results. This paper will discuss screen selection philosophy i
perature gauges and radioactive tracers are used to help analyze the treatment results. This paper will discuss screen-selection philosophy
s horizontal producers using various sand control techniques. While converting from vertical cased and perforated wells to single horizonta
ere developed the operators set their sights on developing suspected pay zones much farther from the platform in deeper water. The devel
model has been benchmarked against observation at early times in a well's life. It appears the model can provide a first estimate of sandin
nts and slot inspections were done; the data were used in Finite Element Analysis to finalize the detailed screen design. No traditional mech
en to address the completion needs. These have been tested and to date have proved to be operating satisfactorily. This paper will review
ollapse rating stated by the manufacturer was greater than 7 000 psi. The erosion tests demonstrated that inflow from supercharged reserv
fully restored production from Well A-4L. Introduction Well Alpha-4 is a dual string producer with the long string (Alpha-4L) completed on th
project located in Block 18 offshore Angola (Figure 1). All 43 planned development wells are subsea in water depths ranging from 1200 to
on non-Darcy beta-factor formation damage parameters and gas effective permeability. Wellbore open-to-flow area and hydraulics affect t
al shear stresses at the interfaces suggests less conservative numbers which allows effective gravel pack placement in selective completio
ive as they cause highly conductive wormholes that contribute the majority of production.ï¿½ The acid can also react with sensitive clays in
project located in Block 18 offshore Angola (Figure 1). All 43 planned development wells are subsea in water depths ranging from 1200 to
critical situations in the gas distribution system. Currently the drilling activity in Italy is growing as mature depleted gas fields are transforme
particularly in deepwater developments with high transmissibility due to its ability to deliver reliable high productivity wells.1 2 Current tech
mpleted in a single service string trip consisting of both gravel-packs and frac-packs across long intervals. To date the longest gross interva
with eight main defined sand types. While the Carina sands are largely heterogeneous in nature they are poorly sorted. Effective sand co
pe annulus. The simulator also models fluid flow through complex flow paths like crossover ports pressure attenuators shifting tools etc. T
e proper assessment of potential plugging of the sand control screens during installation and subsequent displacement processes since th
ubing (CT) equipped with a rotating jet blaster to spot the treatment fluid inside the screen assemblies. Each treatment was allowed to soak.
al suspension capability ensures that the gravel enters the perforations. This technique was successfully implemented in Abu Cluster field
al suspension capability ensures that the gravel enters the perforations. This technique was successfully implemented at the Abu Cluster f
ole flowing pressure (CBHFP) for perforation shear-failure in the weakest zone as a function of reservoir depletion. No sanding was predic
nducted on representative core and outcrop material. Five modified API RP 19B Section IV tests were performed to assess the influence of
ory testing will be provided verifying that the taggant does not materially affect the performance of the proppant. In addition the authors w
mited due to the low formation frac pressure. ICD technology was sought in effort to mitigate these dynamic challenges. It has showed good
in oil and gas reservoirs at rates of up to 600 BOPD 1750 BFPD or 3.5 MMSCFD and in wells deviated as high as 42o. The technique can
in oil and gas reservoirs at rates of up to 600 BOPD 1750 BFPD or 3.5 MMSCFD and in wells deviated as high as 42o. The technique can
ontrol-screen manufacturer was also conducted to evaluate the quality of the sand-control screens used in the completions. In addition on s
set field Mid Tapti will be tied back to the South Tapti facilities. This will increase production from the combined South and Mid Tapti comple
tion. This use of sand quantification for completion design and for QRA of facilities forms a new capability and an extension to the existing u
996 and were appraised in 1997 with two additional wells. Fields are in Block 17 located offshore Angola 210 km northwest of Luanda in
metry varying with time but no a priori assumptions are made on the shape of the altered zone. Modeling of the laboratory sand producti
f the sanding risk and sanding mechanism. Based on this knowledge sanding management and remedial completion measures were devis
ervoir life.ï¿½ The results of such systematic study provide useful guidelines on well design and completion strategy for sand control or san
mechanics investigation aimed at optimizing completions and production and at dramatically reducing the current sanding without having to
mechanics investigation aimed at optimizing completions and production and at dramatically reducing the current sanding without having to
n tubing scale spalling of borehole wall with drawdown and cavings bridge (cavings might fall into and become wedged in the openhole fo
n tubing scale spalling of borehole wall with drawdown and cavings bridge (cavings might fall into and become wedged in the openhole fo
gth reduction is the most significant factor governing perforation failure and sand production. Although perforation failure is a prerequisite for
gth reduction is the most significant factor governing perforation failure and sand production. Although perforation failure is a prerequisite for
zing production over the life of the well.ï¿½ Introduction While a great deal of work has been done in the general area of sand production
zing production over the life of the well.ï¿½ Introduction While a great deal of work has been done in the general area of sand production
hat the fractures are initially water saturated. Increase in cleat spacing from 0.01 to 10 cm significantly enhances the peak gas production a
ges in operating conditions that can be considered for mitigating or managing such problems. The model shows reasonable agreement w
ges in operating conditions that can be considered for mitigating or managing such problems. The model shows reasonable agreement w
e 8 insulated loop for normal production and one 3 uninsulated loop for well testing and well servicing purposes (Figure 1). Pompanoâ€™s
ying the critical operational conditions associated with severe sanding over the lifetime of the wellbore. The model showed a reasonable ag
ying the critical operational conditions associated with severe sanding over the lifetime of the wellbore. The model showed a reasonable ag
rains the moment yield or failure occurs and that these grains are taken up by the fluid flow at the time when failure occurs. However in re
design (weight type and chemistry) was developed for the fields. Critical drawdown and critical reservoir pressure profiles for assessing sa
tional sulphate and carbonate scales.ï¿½This paper therefore focuses on the detailed assessment and methodology development require
as not available scale inhibitor injection into the gas lift system or squeezing using a viscosified treatment was considered viable. The pap
lable models to calculate total skin factor in perforated inclined wells have been compared to the approximate 3D model and their accuracy
aximum permeability direction usually thought to be in the horizontal direction) affects the performance of perforated completions in anisotr
stic surfactant-based acid systems. The acid was placed either by bullheading by using coiled tubing with or without a tractor. In some case
combined with an existing acid-oil emulsion technology. This paper will discuss a combination of technologies which has recently been ap
psi.ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ In this paper we present the results obtained from a s
combined with an existing acid-oil emulsion technology. This paper will discuss a combination of technologies which has recently been ap
nd fiber-laden polymer based pad fluid. The significant viscosity increase achieved in the pad by the addition of fibers and its particulate brid
signed and pumped with alternating stages of acid and fiber-laden polymer based pad fluid. The significant viscosity increase achieved in t
treatment and successful diversion was observed for each stage. The paper outlines field-operational considerations and detailed fluid pro
these methods could become competitive with conventional vessel-based techniques. Introduction Well 23/26a-B1y is an operating compa
erformed to illustrate the cleanup behavior of SDVA in comparison to gelled acid systems under conditions encountered in gas and oil wells
om these damaged zones was not previously achieved with conventional stimulation methods owing to the tendency for stimulation fluids
r successful placement of the solid beads in the fracture the well was shut in for 24 hours to give ample time for the ester to hydrolyze and
om these damaged zones was not previously achieved with conventional stimulation methods owing to the tendency for stimulation fluids
orted by integration of mechanical rock testing core-flow and solids migration tests using preserved core. Results indicate a high depende
the past with no consideration for water-production control in high-WC cases. The new technique has been selected as the standard stimul
esting for the fluid optimization at downhole conditions and evaluation of fine migration tendencies were investigated before the treatment. T
ures are dominant. This paper presents experiences with different types of acid placements and diversion techniques in the thick carbonate
um and magnesium. Therefore more testing and modeling are needed to better understand these reactions. This paper discusses the req
dance and direction of an ISO Committee. The focus was to develop simple yet accurate methods which could be readily implemented in
fracture treatments. To eliminate the fracture face skin created during the fracture treatment a new treatment incorporating a pre-pad of ac
e carrying fluid which creates a filter cake on the surface of the wormholes.ï¿½ This filter cake results in temporary skin effect which alters
ant carrier fluid effectively reduces the amount of liquid pumped overall provides better fluid-loss control and aids in post-treatment flowbac
of variables such as treatment radius. These simulations show that chemical treatments have the potential to greatly increase production a
rocks investigated in this study represent 6 different RRTs. Each carbonate type was treated with reactive fluids.ï¿½ Two different sets of
ate gas wells. To maximize the results the following have been practiced: Clean up and test the wells after completion to get initial produ
olymer transport in the aqueous phase. The various phenomena that describe polymer flow through a porous medium are also considered a
the selection methodology for workover candidates must be customized to fit particular situations. This paper explores the common traits s
kraa et al. 1996) Figure 1. Production from this complex was established in 1959 from Lance formation. The full extent of the Lance sands i
efits of incorporating existing dipole sonic tool information to calibrate â€œin-situ stress Youngâ€™s Modulus and Poissonâ€™s ratio. Fina
kraa et al. 1996) Figure 1. Production from this complex was established in 1959 from Lance formation. The full extent of the Lance sands i
akhstan are discussed. Introduction A total of seven wells were selected for hydraulic fracturing in theï¿½ Nurzhanov field all of which
ical treatments to mitigate the damage caused by condensate and/or water blocking with little success until now under realistic reservoir co
ing which provides the mean to access both Mauddud carbonate formation and underlaying Burgan sandstone formation (see Fig. 1). Maud
dentification of these parameters. The concept of â€œNormalised Pressure Drop Signatures will be introduced. It has proven to be particu
work involved in each including: Development of a Basis of Design Development of a Statement of Requirements FMECA (Failure Mod
work involved in each including: Development of a Basis of Design Development of a Statement of Requirements FMECA (Failure Mod
ion: Î”p = Vï¿½ï¿½c where V is the flow velocity r is the fluid density and c is the speed of propagation of a pressure signal along the well
d SW have higher productivities. The improvement due to increase in lateral reach is less pronounced at lower kv/kh values especially for S
e its structural model define the fault block size and successfully plan and deliver a sidetrack well. A total of 129 pressure tests were attem
ant discussion. Possible explanations for the mismatch between cement evaluation log interpretation and the physical test results are explo
ant discussion. Possible explanations for the mismatch between cement evaluation log interpretation and the physical test results are explo
or stimulating well productivity but it has to be carried our properly. Introduction Stimulating of existing oil and gas producing wells and of n
tarded acid systems. Building on the experience acquired from the successive treatments performed on Nâ€™Kossa the methodology and
acidizing jobs in carbonates for delivering targeted productivity. Using a mathematical model a sensitivity analysis is conducted to determi
ccurrences in future. Increasing Motor Lead Extension cable thickness utilization of tandem seals and new wellhead penetrators are also e
llations at Kuparuk are one of the most leveraging forms of well work done in the field based on rate of return on investment. FPJPâ€™s ar
s to quantify the incremental oil gain if this terminal water cut is raised by introducing gas lift. If this proved to be substantial it will make a ca
centage composition of these liquid types may be produced in association with gas. As reservoir pressure depletes production production r
of artificial lift for the first commercial phase. Steam injection for Phase 1A of the commercial development was initiated in mid-2007 and c
ower fluid. It is a space efficient package which can be used on offshore locations as well. The paper describes the individual components
how an ICV completion gave the highest cleanup efficiency for almost all the parameters studied. The single zone cleanup strategy employ
capacities in excess of 300 MMscf/D and three gas injectors had injection capacities in excess of 350 MMscf/D. The increased production
not include offshore compression (Figure 2). In this context limiting pressure drop from the sandy reservoirs up to the wellhead was param
and relative permeability issues. Finally we learned that the net income generated by IWC is no better than the specific-perforation comple
or most of these fields can be found in several earlier publications.2 3 The reservoirs in these fields are generally characterized as fine san
hydrocarbon recovery. Horizontal drilling is particularly attractive when it comes to produce reserves from oil-water zones and marginal zone
e (Fig. ï¿½1) The field was discovered in 2000 through a prospect based on the seismic interpretation The reservoir is constituted by the
orated holes. Significant laboratory testing was conducted which predicted fracture initiation pressure to be similar to that encountered in o
axial radial azimuthal. The radial measurements provide now the opportunity to determine whether the near wellbore experienced any alte
¿½ Wells drilled and completed with a fully integrated study were profitable emphasing that planning drilling and completion as a discrete
on two wells located in a sandstone reservoir in Saudi Arabia. The sandstone formation contains significant amounts of iron-bearing miner
to evaluate the fluid inflow of multilayer gas reservoirs that may produce liquids in conjunction with the gas. Introduction A production tubin
to evaluate the fluid inflow of multilayer gas reservoirs that may produce liquids in conjunction with the gas. Introduction A production tubin
oirs that must be exploited through horizontal wells.ï¿½ Technical contributions discussed in this paper include effective utilization of LWD d
oirs that must be exploited through horizontal wells.ï¿½ Technical contributions discussed in this paper include effective utilization of LWD d
nts of the system. This implies that RTO is a closed loop process. In addition we need to take into account the different time constants of t
nitial production started in May 1996 from Increment-1 followed by Increment-2 and 3 in April 2003 and January 2006 respectively. Incre
alves we also illustrate novel anticipatory control algorithms that prevent overshooting. For communicating layered systems a front movem
ents: The initial production started in May 1996 with Increment-1 followed by Increment-2 and -3 in April 2003 and January 2006 respective
zation (accelerating production) or long-term reservoir management (maximizing recovery) should be weighed. Introduction Smart Wells. T
ed to the numerical mode results. Such results confirm that dual-lateral wells are more efficient compared to the horizontal wells where the
both on core tests carried on Mirador formation Cupiagua Main Field â€“ Colombia and Berea sandstone. In general the results show up
ater cut. The sidetrack was a 6.5 in. open hole completed with 4.5 in. sand control screens.ï¿½The planned well length was 4 500 ft (1 37
e scenarios studied. It illustrates a modeling methodology and provides DESP-selection guidelines thus aiding the increased application of
without a liquid film) at all nodes exceeded BPâ€™s erosion limit; however the erosion results with a thin liquid film were mostly below the c
wellbore. When formation characteristics such as permeability skin and reservoir pressure are uncertain a drillstem test (DST) may be pe
documented (Allis and Capps 1984; Upchurch 1990; Brookbank 1996). What has been missing however is agreement as to what constitu
tor. Results show significant impact of polymer on foam hydraulics. When 0.5% volume to volume (v/v) HEC polymer is added to aqueous f
ow effect. Introduction The advances in horizontal well drilling and completion technologies have increased the efficiency and the economy
ture effect and corrosion. However a solid acid system also reduces the health safety and environmental (HSE) risk caused by convention
udes fracture fluid changes resulting from core analyses. Introduction The reservoir mechanism impeding maximum well deliverability was i
udes fracture fluid changes resulting from core analyses. Introduction The reservoir mechanism impeding maximum well deliverability was i
ant added per gallon of fluid (ppa). However in the lower-porosity lower permeability southern portion of the field pad sizes of 200 000 gal
nted. Additional benefits have been realized like elimination of chokes cutting out due to sand production and associated wellbore fill clean
r based fluids technology to be extended to moderate permeable oil reservoirs (1-20 md) and relatively cool formations (76â€“95ï¿½C) wh
nating stages of acid and fiber-laden polymer based pad fluid. The viscosity increase achieved in the pad by the addition of fibers and its bri
and shaly strikes. This requires the fracture to intersect layers of sandstone and provide optimum connection for hydrocarbons flow to the w
ith stimulation and sand control. In presence of the fiber higher proppant concentrations up to 9 ppa could be used successfully even with
ne/cm) but each was different in terms of surface wettability and adsorption in the rock. In all cases the flowback aids reduced capillary pres
mulators based on averaged modulus. Introduction Because fracture height is recognized as one of the critical factors that can determine t
per presents data from these treatments where substantial reductions in surface treating pressures were observed. Also shown is the accu
dling costs shortened flowback/cleanup time and provided equal or improved post-fracture production response. This paper focuses on a
d States generates approximately 210 bbls/day in produced water (Arnold et al. 2004). Other reports suggest that for every barrel of oil pro
on at wellbore conditions. In this paper the integrity of the introduced formulation has been verified for many different prevailing conditions
The focus of this paper is in the Piceance Basin which is located in western Colorado and is an elongated structural depression trending no
n of this technique refers to frac-and-pack of wells with long perforated intervals where early wellbore screen-out may occur due to proppan
e production before the fracturing treatment. The new fracturing method when compared to the conventional fractures placed in the past re
al wells are now routinely fractured. This has led to the importance of examining all reservoir aspects to reach a better understanding of effic
technology to achieve deep penetration and better etched fracture conductivity. Viscoelastic surfactant self-diverting Acid (VES diverting ac
ns operational planning and results of the new methodology of implemented hydraulic fractures. Introduction Aguada Pichana field is locat
o a water zone that was successfully stimulated without any increase in produced water cut. Treatments presented include both cases in w
g or stimulation treatments along the horizontal wellbore can be pumped in one continuous operation thus minimizing the associated risks
ed excellent and highly promising results which compared favorably with the performance of non-stimulated offset wells. It is well-known in
ese wells below the bubblepoint and show that for these more aggressive strategies the effects of non-Darcy and multiphase flow can be s
ment was considered for high pressure operations (10 000 psi surface pressure) Using this process 10 wells were successfully hydraulica
to this subject was reported by Valko and Economides1.ï¿½ Subsequently a number of other investigators2-5 have developed interpretati
turing has proven again to be a successful stimulation method. Carbonate reservoirs that constitute some 50% of the oil bearing rock in the
ulf agreed to place two of these casing valves in a well in the Piceance basin to measure the fracture initiation pressure and test the functio
hen perforated in the preferred fracture plane. Another sandstone block had a sliding sleeve valve cemented in place. Water was used to f
o on the fracturing fluid rheology. This new model of hydraulic fracturing in a granular medium is an improvement over existing models beca
osity of a VES fluid is created by self-assembly of surfactant molecules in an aqueous solution.ï¿½Hydrophobic tails of surfactants associa
s of Pennsylvanian age are deposited erratically on the Northwest Shelf of the Delaware Basin with the most prolific hydrocarbon bearing re
fects. Dimensionless conductivities of this magnitude are not being generated with many cross-linked gel fracs. Elimination of polymer by f
mhole. A post-fracture pressure buildup test indicated a fracture linear flow with a fracture half length of 105 ft high conductivity of 19 600 m
uid flow across the filter cake from the reservoir into the fracture. Introduction A Joint Industry Project (JIP) active since 2002 was created
into the completion design of the offset well to optimize its overall completion efficiency.ï¿½ The second well was hydraulically fracture stim
are considerably attenuated. To drill a new borehole in a close vicinity of the treatment borehole is too expensive. Often although the obse
sues with well placement stimulation design and treatment staging identified by the study. Overview of the Jonah Field The Jonah Field1-5
h these phenomena were ignored.ï¿½ï¿½ The authors present field data demonstrating that these effects are not only real but can substa
akoff rate and rock type. Results for typical acid-fracturing fluids and conditions are presented along with recommendations for fluid system
Given the uncertainties in effective Fracture geometry and the negative impact that they could have on the field development Rosneft decid
eby providing insight on fracture width. Since the additive only responds when stimulated by the neutron source the logging process can b
inal stabilized production rate remains a challenge for the production and stimulation engineer recent production results showed that hyd
made with the use of a constant permeability value for the proppant in numerical and analytic simulators. We will show that using a constan
e propagation. Finally the total energy consumption (which determines the net pressure) is primarily dissipated in viscous flow within the fra
nd surfactant-based acid systems suggest that there was no significant variation in the design and the execution of both the viscoelastic and
bility and include the use of higher breaker concentrations lower polymer loads and use of proppant with better resistance to stress (condu
y east-west. The fluvial Williams Fork sandstone bodies have highly variable orientations due to meandering and braided stream deposition
to form orthogonal to the minimum-principal-stress direction. Knowledge of this fracture orientation as well as other aspects of the fracture
shown that when a severe proppant flowback problem occurs the closure stress around the wellbore is significantly altered. In some cases
Barnett Shale are evaluated by comparing the model prediction to the pressure response. The model prediction agrees well with the observ
ses irregularity of the mixing zone. The present study investigates analytically numerically and experimentally the instability of the displace
d. In this field the common well development practice consists of multiple large job fracturing treatments ranging from 100 to 300 tons usin
on A JIP active since 2002 was set up with the goal of studying fracture clean-up and using the mechanisms uncovered to devise metho
ata another mechanism related to poroelastic stress was postulated. Poroelastic stress is a transient localized stress increase caused by f
d cases: (i) a preferential down going fracture propagation for one of the fracturing operations apparently induced by two joined factors - a f
acture geometry details that cannot be obtained in other ways but does not often reveal the overall extent of the hydraulic fracture and furt
over time. The normalized recovery of propped fracced wells was better than the acid treated well in 2 of 3 assets using both stimulation ty
are also reported which are higher than the corresponding values at a lower IFT. We also compare the results with the corresponding pred
ch as a high tendency of the Khariaga crude to precipitate wax the presence of H2S or the flow-back through the ESP called for additional
out 20% with substantial savings of up to $260k in well completion costs. Improved monitoring of bottom hole pressure from static tubing for
y but yield small amounts of oil at the surface (approximately 10 to 300 STB/MMscf). They have a composition consisting largely of methan
ments that experience gas coning. We show that by keeping these ICVs open in a controlled way the - otherwise undesirable - phenomenon
ompletion from which gas is bled into the tubing at a controlled rate. The flow of gas into the production tubing is controlled by a downhole fl
or most of these fields can be found in several earlier publications.2 3 The reservoirs in these fields are generally characterized as fine san
medium with pre-flush solutions predictably affected the depth to which an emulsion may penetrate into a porous medium. Surfactant and a
deliverability from the large reduction of high-velocity coefficients. Introduction Gas deliverability in gas-condensate reservoirs can be sign
is system has recently been used on several occasions on this field with openhole drain length ranging from 530 to 1890 m (1 740 to 6 20
bility and the vertical permeability is much lower than the horizontal permeability. The results of the model explain the effect of wellbore traje
ell injection performance with time. This is crucial for the proper distribution of water across the entire net interval reducing the risk of injecti
ks to complete at high costs and elevated risks. Ultimately the high completion costs or the lack of production due to ineffective stimulation
ks to complete at high costs and elevated risks. Ultimately the high completion costs or the lack of production due to ineffective stimulation
nvestigate the effect on well performance. Upon the completion of all the intervention steps the well started to produce. A pressure buildup
nvestigate the effect on well performance. Upon the completion of all the intervention steps the well started to produce. A pressure buildup
h Slope of Alaska with conventional cemented and perforated liners. Wells drilled in Prudhoe Bay Kuparuk Lisburne and numerous other f
ing over at approximately their full length. Inadequate well cleanup was thought to be the primary cause of the problematic inflow performan
ure is composed of cages of hydrogen bonded water molecules which surround â€œguest hydrocarbon molecules such as methane ethane
petition between inertia and coupling. The most important contribution of this work is that gas well deliverability forecast can have a best es
ontal or near-horizontal sections because of the small variation in geothermal temperature. Therefore based only on steady-state DTS data
of a producing well by control of the wellhead choke electric submersible pumps (ESPs) or gas lift rate. Conversely water or gas (or WAG
d 64 km (40 miles) long. The surface terrain is comprised of salt flat areas known as sabkhahs and mountainous sand dunes (up to 200 me
ance information such as permeability skin and productivity index on a real-time basis. Bottomhole pressure buildup (PBU) data are availa
anced production technologies e.g. Stand-Alone-Screens annular isolation artificial lift gravel packs and intelligent completions in both hor
s both in the pre-planning and final installation of the completion. The final design incorporates a removable housing ICD hardware this all
odels has been completed. The number of ICVs installed and the zonal length were varied. Emphasis was given to studying the more com
t downhole sensors and flow control devices which allow the operator to monitor evaluate actively manage and optimize the performance o
â€œProactive Control is that other zone(s) can compensate for the loss of fluid from the choked zone(s). Its value thus increases when A
he key objectives for optimizing the asset performance is to maximize and accelerate recovery by producing the wells at at with an optimal
ast-southwest trending elongated anticline with a south dome. The field contains six oil-bearing carbonate reservoirs and has three gas-be
as increased completion water cut is measured using downhole multiphase flowmeters. A cost-benefit analysis demonstrates that reactive
nomena of hydraulic fracture propagation because they allow for measurements that are unavailable in the field. However one cannot gene
nomena of hydraulic fracture propagation because they allow for measurements that are unavailable in the field. However one cannot gene
a continuous liquid phase wetting the rock whereas a part or all of the gas is made discontinuous by thin liquid films called lamellae [1-3]. F
agent for matrix stimulation operations. It is inherently non-damaging and low cost allowing easily recursive treatments in case of an unsu
foams fractional flow models and Patzek6-10 developed the population balance models. The bubble population models take into account e
uding surface tension and density for both the gas and liquid phases are reviewed. Correlations to calculate water-gas surface tension were
wable shut-in time were evaluated to consider the liquid removal and clean-up effect. The lesson learned is that shut-in is an irreversible p
st approach with an accuracy comparable to the accuracy of methods to predict pressure drop in tubing. Factors affecting the accuracy wer
nefits of various artificial lifting technologies in one system and should be able to produce liquid loaded wells until they are fully depleted. A
l rate 40% higher than for a vertical well. To solve this relations found from flooding experiments are used to modify the current prediction m
y of challenging gas resources. Context Economic Context. North America is one of the largest natural gas markets in the world and is su
uifying gas wells with the aid of surfactants can be a very effective and cheap way to increase gas production mainly by keeping wells onli
gh the depletion of a well. Introduction Liquid loading is the most common cause of production impairment in depleted gas wells. We cons
ut of the wellbore. The most popular methods are: a)ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Velocity Strings: Reducing the diameter of well tubing to increase
oduction. If there is sufficient gas supply from reservoir no packer is used in the well. This paper will focus on natural plunger lift with no ad
e. Multiphase-flow pattern maps also were integrated into the study as a supplemental aid to the development of operation guidelines and t
ome water coning problems. Acid stimulation is a cost effective method to enhance the productivity of horizontal wells in carbonate reservoi
el is used with the reservoir treated as a poroelastic-poroplastic material with hardening. Porous flow is modeled as a black-oil two phase (o
packer wireline formation testers and production well tests. The workflow is fast to implement as it can be accomplished quickly and efficie
ferent perforation size and sand grain diameter and plasticity effects that modify the strength behavior of sands surrounding open holes an
erforations is discussed for low permeability gas reservoirs.ï¿½ The effect of perforating with acid in the wellbore as the completion fluid is a
m and close to the Tunisian border as shown in Fig. 1. In the same area several important oil discoveries including Rhourde Messaoud Bi
es to be safely conveyed into the target sands. In addition to that one of the unique features from the gun assemblies was the selection of e
bout its effect on well productivity. Two wells were selected for this field trial. They were perforated using a TCP/DST string which allowed
amount of fluid to the LEP. The simulation results show that for a steam injection flow rate of 42 m3/day per perforation the expected net oil
ce was used to perforate new wells for the development project to maximize well productivity per well expenditure. A multilayer production
al shortcomings in the industryâ€™s understanding of perforation such as: how the crushed zone is formed and removed; the role played b
simultaneously avoiding the parallel completion which if perforated would open a communication path between reservoirs with different pre
simultaneously avoiding the parallel completion which if perforated would open a communication path between reservoirs with different pre
¿½ This paper will show the perforating strategy execution requirements post jobï¿½monitoring and the final results. This is the first fully
e propellant perforating technique. The information in this paper will verify that the technique was capable of satisfying the operational chall
g time. Two successful field trials totalling three wells will be presented in detail to illustrate this application for propellant-assisted perforat
g time. Two successful field trials totalling three wells will be presented in detail to illustrate this application for propellant-assisted perforat
handle the skin variation resulting from the UBP and other surge flow tests. This formula extends the applications of a classic convolution a
ations was found to be effective. Not only was there significant saving of rig time the wells performed superior to existing wells and were br
ory correlating and perforating tool to perforate the drill pipe and communicate with the reservoir. On completion the well delivered 1 400 bo
such will be a useful tool that shortens the required time to develop future perforators. Introduction A perforating project manager has to ca
als liner composition and manufacturing processes. All of these improvements have aimed to produce a better quality charge more suitab
mmediate perforation clean-up. The under balance just prior to the time of shooting is managed using a permanent down hole gauge instal
able prediction of well productivity. The values for kinetics and formation damage coefficients as obtained from well and laboratory data are
ble injection and formation waters may result in sulphate salt precipitation and flow restriction[1]. The most significant damage occurs in an
y fracturing associated with produced water reinjection.ï¿½The competing mechanism results from plugging of the near crack-tip region a
ith four laterals and planned to be completed with smart completion (Fig.2) which consist of one Permanent DownHole pressure & tempera
he combination of the ultra deep water and limited sediment thickness had significantly lower frac gradients than previously experienced. T
ity of both wells has been excellent. The success has been attributed to the unique combination of ESS and hydraulic fracturing. Introducti
n needs.ï¿½ These have been tested and to date have proven to be operating satisfactorily. This paper will review the evaluation that led
een selection philosophy in silt/very fine sand reservoirs carrier fluid selection perforation strategy and ability to frac across shale intervals
reen-selection philosophy in silt/very-fine-sand reservoirs carrier-fluid selection perforation strategy and ability to frac across shale interva
d wells to single horizontal producers has helped to improve production multilateral wells are needed in Hawtah to achieve and maintain ec
n deeper water. The development of these distant zones required mechanical success in implementing difficult world-record extended-reach
a first estimate of sanding levels in oil wells which are useful to assist the design of well facilities for dealing with sand. Finally a sand pred
esign. No traditional mechanical burst of the screen occurred. Most influential factors were slot size/geometry and pill formulation. Introduc
orily. This paper will review the evaluation that led to the revised sandface-completion design the field implementation of the design and the
rom supercharged reservoirs into the wellbore could erode holes in the premium screen. Revised operational procedures were used in six s
Alpha-4L) completed on the S7000E horizon. Production from this conduit prior to close in for sand production was 2900 bopd on choke 52
ths ranging from 1200 to 1500m. Of the 43 wells 20 are producers and 23 are injectors. The development drilling programme began in 200
ea and hydraulics affect the high rate gas wellâ€™s performance significantly. The preferred design is an OHGP slanted well at 80 degree
ment in selective completion projects for narrow operational windows. Introduction The unique conditions found in the Brazilian deepwater f
eact with sensitive clays in sandstone resulting in secondary and tertiary precipitations.ï¿½ Additionally acid reacts with the screen metal ca
ths ranging from 1200 to 1500m. Of the 43 wells 20 are producers and 23 are injectors. The development drilling programme began in 200
d gas fields are transformed into UGS sites and the storage/drainage area of the existing fields is increased by contacting the laminated san
vity wells.1 2 Current techniques used for gravel packing horizontal wells include Alpha/Beta 3 Alpha/Alpha4 and Alternate Path packing.5
the longest gross interval is greater than 1 000 m. In the case of the DS-STMZ completions the incidence of NPT has dropped from 21%
sorted. Effective sand control in these reservoirs is imperative for project success. As such and since there is a lack of experience in this
uators shifting tools etc. Thus it can be used to evaluate the impact of different tools and fluid configurations on the success of the job and
ement processes since the screen installation often must be accomplished with solids-laden fluids (conditioned oil-based mud) in the wellb
ment was allowed to soak. After the placement of the treatment pills on each well cleanup measurements indicated significant PI improvem
mented in Abu Cluster field in west Malaysia. This reservoir had extremely high permeability (1.5 to 3 Darcy) with sand production a major c
ented at the Abu Cluster field in west Malaysia. This reservoir had extremely high permeability (1.5 to 3 Darcy) with sand production a majo
on. No sanding was predicted throughout the production history of X-1 ie topside perfs are predicted to be stable for any drawdown and d
to assess the influence of static and dynamic wellbore pressure conditions and wellbore fluid on perforation clean-up and PI. In addition tw
In addition the authors will review case histories where this new product was successfully placed in multi-zone frac pack completions in sev
nges. It has showed good results and further investigation is ongoing. The paper describes the processes in delivering the tailor-made ICD
s 42o. The technique can also be applied in different wellbore configurations to target pay behind casing and also zones that are located b
s 42o. The technique can also be applied in different wellbore configurations to target pay behind casing and also zones that are located b
mpletions. In addition on site inspections of the operational aspects of the completions were completed. The results of the program showed
outh and Mid Tapti complex to 450 MMscf/d. The South Tapti field produces relatively sweet and dry gas with a methane content of ~90%
extension to the existing use of sand prediction technologies. Introduction Hydrocarbon production comprising oil gas and condensate is f
m northwest of Luanda in water from 1 250 to 1 400 m (Fig. 1). Girassol field is one of several fields in this prolific block and Jasmin is consi
e laboratory sand production experiments allows the ability of this model to reproduce the observed sand production mechanisms to be as
tion measures were devised that would minimize economic loss caused by sanding and optimize hydrocarbon production. This paper prov
egy for sand control or sand management in order to optimize well productivity.ï¿½ The two case examples presented in this paper highligh
sanding without having to enter into a lengthy data acquisition programme or time-consuming modelling. In this study sanding prediction a
sanding without having to enter into a lengthy data acquisition programme or time-consuming modelling. In this study sanding prediction a
wedged in the openhole forming a bridge with no material beneath). The investigation concluded that installing sand control facilities were u
wedged in the openhole forming a bridge with no material beneath). The investigation concluded that installing sand control facilities were u
failure is a prerequisite for sand production the failure does not always lead to sand production. Introduction Sand production in the petrol
failure is a prerequisite for sand production the failure does not always lead to sand production. Introduction Sand production in the petrol
area of sand production (Veeken et al. 1991; Weingarten and Perkins 1995; Risnes et al. 1982; Morita 1994; Sanfilippo et al. 1995 1997;
area of sand production (Veeken et al. 1991; Weingarten and Perkins 1995; Risnes et al. 1982; Morita 1994; Sanfilippo et al. 1995 1997;
he peak gas production and shortens the period to reach peak production. The main stage of gas production is controlled by equilibrium d
reasonable agreement with the experimental results in terms of borehole deformation and sanding rates. The model correctly predicted init
reasonable agreement with the experimental results in terms of borehole deformation and sanding rates. The model correctly predicted init
igure 1). Pompanoâ€™s production peaked at about 65 000 BOPD in 1999. By July 2007 total field production was approximately 11 500
showed a reasonable agreement with experimental results in terms of rock deformation and sanding rate. Further validation of the model a
showed a reasonable agreement with experimental results in terms of rock deformation and sanding rate. Further validation of the model a
re occurs. However in reality the failure-characteristics of sandstone and the pick-up of the failed material by fluid flow are a very complex
e profiles for assessing sand production potential in the fields were established. Sand production was found not to be a major problem in th
ogy development required in order to assess the problem in the Elgin/Franklin Field.ï¿½Scale prediction identified that the major scales th
nsidered viable. The paper will provide the technical and economic reasoning for the scale-management strategy selected along with field
model and their accuracy has been discussed. Finally a simple model to predict total skin factors in perforated horizontal wells has been
ted completions in anisotropic reservoirs. When perforations are normal to the maximum-permeability direction perforations will enhance h
ut a tractor. In some cases these treatments included stages of emulsified or regular acids.ï¿½ All these wells responded positively to the
hich has recently been applied successfully in the Strawn formation in Terrell County Texas. It will also focus on what is being done to mitig
e results obtained from a series of experiments with these fluids using Indiana limestone and dolomite core samples. Among the findings:ï¿
hich has recently been applied successfully in the Strawn formation in Terrell County Texas. It will also focus on what is being done to mitig
bers and its particulate bridging mechanism would plug off the just stimulated zones effectively thus diverting the new stage of acid into the
sity increase achieved in the pad by the addition of fibers and its particulate bridging mechanism would plug off the just stimulated zones eff
ions and detailed fluid properties which were tailored to specific well conditions and formation characteristics. Details and pressure respons
B1y is an operating company asset located in the Machar field central North Sea. The Machar field was discovered in 1976 and is located i
ntered in gas and oil wells. The results indicate that SDVA systems clean up easily and that SDVA provides higher regained permeability th
ency for stimulation fluids to migrate to the most permeable zones. Viscoelastic diverting acid systems are more effective in achieving dive
he ester to hydrolyze and for the generated acid to react with the formation rock. The well was allowed to flow and samples of the fluids pro
ency for stimulation fluids to migrate to the most permeable zones. Viscoelastic diverting acid systems are more effective in achieving dive
s indicate a high dependency of the mechanical strength on acid type. Based on the laboratory results an optimized fluid system was sele
ed as the standard stimulation practice in most horizontal openhole carbonate wells in Kuwait.
ed before the treatment. The results were compared with the one from other operators in the same environment and reservoir conditions. R
ues in the thick carbonate reservoirs of western Kazakhstan. Pretreatment and post-treatment production data have been analyzed to evalu
s paper discusses the required information to properly design an organic acid or HCl plus organic acid treatment. In additional to reaction ki
be readily implemented in the laboratory or the field. This work resulted in the development of a new Standard ISO 13503-41. This Standard
orporating a pre-pad of acid viscosified with a solids free visco-elastic surfactant was developed. By incorporating this stage into the fracturin
y skin effect which alters the injection profile. Gelled and foamed acids are also being used as a means of improving acid placement by com
in post-treatment flowback. Foam fracturing causes less damage to the formation and proppant pack therefore improving the productivity o
atly increase production at low cost relative to the increased revenue since only the near-well region blocked by the condensate needs to b
ï¿½ Two different sets of coreflow tests were performed on 6 ï¿½ 1.5 inch plugs. The first set of experiments involved determination of the
pletion to get initial productivity. Bullheading acid to increase pumping rate. Use a mixing-on-the-fly unit in limited barge space. Learn fr
ium are also considered and modelled. For each of the various physical phenomena (e.g. adsorption fluid rheology resistance factor etc.)
lores the common traits shared by fields likely to have underexploited restimulation potential and suggests methodologies that should be ap
xtent of the Lance sands in the Cave Gulch (shallow) structural accumulation was rediscovered in 1994. The production boundaries of Walt
Poissonâ€™s ratio. Finally a production history match is conducted on wells treated with the new fluid. Introduction In the Big Horn Basin
xtent of the Lance sands in the Cave Gulch (shallow) structural accumulation was rediscovered in 1994. The production boundaries of Walt
rzhanov field all of which have been treated. Triassic formations in Kazakhstan were not considered as a target for hydraulic fracturing bef
nder realistic reservoir conditions. Using inexpensive safe and effective solvents was one of the keys to the success of our new approach.
rmation (see Fig. 1). Mauddud formation is a thin low permeability carbonate layer with an average permeability of 20 md and porosity of 22
t has proven to be particularly valuable for water influx detection and zonal flow rate monitoring purposes. The concept will be tested with d
nts FMECA (Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis) at component and system levels Detailed Design Review Base performance qu
nts FMECA (Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis) at component and system levels Detailed Design Review Base performance qu
sure signal along the well. High rate sampling (up to 100 samples/second) is required to capture subtle details of the water hammer signal
kh values especially for SW. In the case of layered reservoirs the productivity of SW is adversely affected by the extended cross flow from
pressure tests were attempted with 124 successful tests recorded (96% success rate) all while circulating to maintain wellbore integrity. Th
sical test results are explored. Introduction Evaluation of cement integrity and its ability to prevent fluid and gas migration in the annular sp
sical test results are explored. Introduction Evaluation of cement integrity and its ability to prevent fluid and gas migration in the annular sp
s producing wells and of new wells is one of the means to maximizing production potentials without requiring extra facilities and drilling new
ossa the methodology and treatment design fluids and diversion have been continuously evolved. The treatments currently involves two ph
is is conducted to determine the preferred dissolution patterns for different formation permeability and pressure. It examines the convention
ad penetrators are also expected to further enhance the ESP run life. New applications to minimize ESP failures due to human intervention
nvestment. FPJPâ€™s are inexpensive to install and have rapid payout periods that are often measured in days. Considering the value of h
bstantial it will make a case for the expenditure on pipelines and associated infrastructure. In a bid to confirm that installing the gas lift infr
s production production rate falls - the gas flow velocity reduces and drops below a critical velocity required for gas to move liquid droplets
nitiated in mid-2007 and conversion to full SAGD production followed in late-2007. ï¿½Phase 1A is comprised of 20 well pairs in which all th
e individual components of the system and the calculations involved therein. The economic and technical comparison of this system with th
e cleanup strategy employed by an intelligent completion requires that extra time be spent on the initial stages of the cleanup process. Guid
The increased production resulted in 19 MMstb of condensate/LPGs produced in the first year some 7-8 MMstb more than would otherwise
o the wellhead was paramount. Productivity oriented sand control technique and a 95/8 production tubing was then selected to maximize an
pecific-perforation completion (SPC).ï¿½ Introduction IWC is primarily about proactive on-time intervention through monitoring and contro
characterized as fine sand with D50 varying from 50 to 125 microns uniformity coefficient (D40/D90) of 4.5 to 15 sorting coefficient (D10/D
zones and marginal zones that are nor economic when drilled out by vertical wells. Horizontal well drilling brings about the improved produ
voir is constituted by the tabular fluvial sands of the Sergi Formation caped by the shales of Itaï¿½pe Formation and sealed laterally at nor
r to that encountered in openhole or even lower. Fracture initiation pressures were closely monitored during several field installations and c
bore experienced any alteration. The sonic data was processed to extract a very reliable compressional shear and Stoneley. Dispersion an
completion as a discrete system performing drill-in-fluids QA/QC ensuring a stable hole and that all engineers take active roles to make p
unts of iron-bearing minerals. Introduction Mineral scale formation is a persistent problem in oil and gas production especially in older rese
uction A production tubing string setting depth optimization analysis has been developed to evaluate the optimum tubing string setting dep
uction A production tubing string setting depth optimization analysis has been developed to evaluate the optimum tubing string setting dep
ective utilization of LWD data to make real-time geo-steering decisions in a thin target process for real-time calculation of distance to the to
ective utilization of LWD data to make real-time geo-steering decisions in a thin target process for real-time calculation of distance to the to
ferent time constants of the various sub-systems that make-up the total system such as the reservoir the well the surface facilities etc. M
2006 respectively. Increment-1 was initially developed using mainly vertical wells while Increment-2 was developed with horizontal wells.
d systems a front movement equation is derived using perturbation techniques. This technique provides the zone of influence of wellbore f
January 2006 respectively. Increment-1 was developed initially by use of mainly vertical wells while Increment-2 was developed with hor
troduction Smart Wells. The introduction of smart completions in the oil industry has significantly increased the scope for control of commin
orizontal wells where the optimum horizontal length is exceeded. Details of the optimum horizontal well length are presented. The paper pr
eral the results show up an increase on the gas effective permeability the lower the core permeability the higher the gas effective permea
length was 4 500 ft (1 372 m).ï¿½The combination of a 4 500 ft well length 4.5 in. diameter base pipe in the screens and the high perme
e increased application of this technology. Introduction Artificial-lift methods including electric submersible pumps (ESPs) are required wh
m were mostly below the companyâ€™s erosion limit. Determination of the presence and thickness of the liquid film was critical. A multi-pha
tem test (DST) may be performed after perforating the well. With the implementation of high-accuracy pressure and temperature gauges th
eement as to what constitutes the most appropriate methodology for analyzing the wealth of performance data that are collected. The mann
mer is added to aqueous foam bottomhole pressure (BHP) and foam density are significantly increased while foam quality and velocity are
ficiency and the economy of hydrocarbon exploitation significantly. In a horizontal well the lateral distance from the heel end to the toe end
isk caused by conventional acid exposure to both personnel and production equipment. Placement of this material in the Khuff was a signif
m well deliverability was initially considered to be dominated by reservoir damage from brine imbibition based on core work comparing brin
m well deliverability was initially considered to be dominated by reservoir damage from brine imbibition based on core work comparing brin
pad sizes of 200 000 gal containing more than 100 000 lb of 100-mesh sand were required to place similar proppant volumes with concen
ociated wellbore fill clean out lower polymer requirements reducing gel costs and a reduction in premature screenouts. Bakken Geologic D
ations (76â€“95ï¿½C) where fracturing treatments are regularly designed for tip-screenout treatments requiring fracture geometry control m
ddition of fibers and its bridging mechanism plugged off the just stimulated zones effectively thus diverting the new stage of acid into the un
ydrocarbons flow to the wellbore by evenly distributing proppant throughout the height of the fracture. Thus degradable fiber-assisted fluid
ed successfully even with linear guar gel. This promotes the net pressure build up which is vital for fracturing treatment in high permeability
ids reduced capillary pressure to similar levels 70% lower than water alone. One of the water-wetting additives had much stronger adsorpti
ctors that can determine the success or failure of a hydraulic fracturing treatment many studies have been conducted on the effects of form
d. Also shown is the accuracy to which surface treating pressures with the weighted frac-pack fluid can be predicted. Introduction To date
This paper focuses on a description of the fluid chemistry and performance along with numerous fracture treatment applications with a vari
t for every barrel of oil produced in the United States 10 barrels (bbl) of produced water is generated (Khatib and Verbeek 2002). Even tho
rent prevailing conditions whilst highlighting the errors of using conventional approaches with some important practical guidelines. In this e
ral depression trending northwest â€“ southeast (Fig. 1). The Basin is characterized by a series of high plateaus and deep valleys.ï¿½ The
may occur due to proppant bridging of the annular volume between the screen and the casing. Conventional frac-and-pack of twenty wells in
ures placed in the past resulted in the decrease the post-frac water cut from 75 to 46% while at almost no impact in average oil rate. The p
tter understanding of efficient fracture design and eventually the optimization of the well completion. This should include the theoretical and
ng Acid (VES diverting acid) was used as the chemical diverter to assure good zonal coverage across each stimulation stage. Greatly incre
ada Pichana field is located in central part of the Neuquen Basin. The field produces gas and condensates from the sandstones of Mulichin
d include both cases in which fluids are bull-headed and placed through coiled tubing. The case histories included in the paper illustrate th
izing the associated risks and optimizing the efficiencies of both the personnel and equipment needed to perform the work. The conclusion
t wells. It is well-known in the industry that fracture stimulating horizontal open-hole completions with conventional methods is a challengin
multiphase flow can be significant and should be accommodated during fracture design. The authors propose solutions for mitigating thes
re successfully hydraulically fractured. Unfortunately wells produced lower than expected; unforeseen in-situ emulsions are suspected as th
ave developed interpretation models and analyses that employ the dimensionless productivity index as the basis for improved fracture stimu
the oil bearing rock in the area have seen the first acid fracturing treatments performed including the introduction of various diverter metho
ssure and test the functionality of the valves. Introduction In multiple-layer reservoirs requiring stimulation operators seek to balance the q
ace. Water was used to fracture these blocks and the fracture initiation pressures were measured. Good agreement between predictions a
over existing models because traditional brittle fracture models do not take into account the specific rheology of soft rocks and poorly predic
ails of surfactants associate and orient to create rod shaped structures commonly referred to as micelles.ï¿½ Entanglement of these flexib
fic hydrocarbon bearing region lying largely in the Southeastern part of Chaves County Western part of Lea County and the remaining occu
Elimination of polymer by fracture stimulating with treated water is cheaper and may provide more effective fractures. However the use of tre
h conductivity of 19 600 md-ft and an equivalent skin value of -5. The success accelerated the application of the treatment in other candida
e since 2002 was created with the goal of studying fracture clean-up and using the mechanisms uncovered to devise methods that would a
hydraulically fracture stimulated with a single stage treatment.ï¿½ The completion design changes incorporated in the second well showed
Often although the observation or the treatment well are not strictly vertical they are assumed to be perfectly vertical and no borehole dev
Field The Jonah Field1-5 is located in Sublette County WY approximately 70 miles north of Rock Springs as shown in Figure 1. The field i
only real but can substantially impact well productivity. ï¿½A field study in which the operator intentionally designed fractures to better acc
endations for fluid systems that create the smallest-scale differential etching. Introduction Acid fracturing is a well-stimulation process in wh
evelopment Rosneft decided to invest inï¿½ a field research study denominated Fracture Geometry Investigation to validate various metho
he logging process can be completed free of any of the timing constraints associated with the half-life of presently used radioactive tracers
n results showed that hydraulic propped fracturing can bring many wells to economical production. Introduction Candidate selection and
show that using a constant proppant permeability value results in an estimate of optimal fracture length that is too short. Introduction A n
viscous flow within the fracture leak-off flow across the filter cake and seepage flow induced by leak-off in the reservoir. The flow within th
f both the viscoelastic and in-situ gelled acid treatments. Among the 5 wells treated with surfactant-based acid 4 of them showed better lon
esistance to stress (conductivity and permeability). Field examples and applications are provided for fracture stimulation evaluation and opt
braided stream depositional origins but many channels trend roughly east-west and northwest-southeast. The SR #22-1 well is located in a
er aspects of the fracture geometry is important to optimally designing the stimulation to maximize the reservoir drainage pattern of the wel
ntly altered. In some cases the fracture width at the wellbore is decreased leading to the cessation of solid production while in others contin
grees well with the observed pressure response and surface tiltmeter observations. The production-induced stress has significant implicatio
instability of the displacement of viscous fluid by a less viscous one from porous medium and evaluates characteristic size of entrapment z
from 100 to 300 tons using large sized proppant. It is generally believed that a high stress barrier above and below reservoir interval will f
ncovered to devise methods that would allow the production to benefit from the full length of the fracture placed. This would either boost re
ress increase caused by fluid injection into porous media. Possible explanations have been looked in details using pressure transient data
by two joined factors - a fault acting as a barrier to the hydraulic fracture up going dissemination and a rock formation weakness caused by
ydraulic fracture and furthermore only the propped part of the fracture can be easily mapped. ï¿½Monitoring the fracture growth by other m
s using both stimulation types. The higher recovery of the propped treatments was mainly from better productivity over time compared with
th the corresponding predicted kr values by the generalized kr correlation which we reported recently and expresses the combined effect o
ESP called for additional precautions. In this paper we will show that despite these rather adverse conditions successful acid-fracturing tre
sure from static tubing for 3D fracture modeling and effective treatment evaluation were also a benefit. This data has aided fracture design
nsisting largely of methane and small fractions of intermediate and heavy ends (typically approximately 87% C1 9% C2â€“6 and 4% C7+
undesirable - phenomenon of gas coning can be used to increase oil production. Introduction: Gas Coning Control Gas coning is a phenom
ontrolled by a downhole flow control valve with a capability to adjust the flow area from surface by hydraulic or electric means. The use of d
characterized as fine sand with D50 varying from 50 to 125 microns uniformity coefficient (D40/D90) of 4.5 to 15 sorting coefficient (D10/D
medium. Surfactant and alkaline-based pre-flush solutions may enhance an emulsion penetration depth significantly. However the emulsion
ate reservoirs can be significantly affected by liquid blocking either from condensate accumulation or water blocking and high-velocity flows
to 1890 m (1 740 to 6 200 ft) and treatment volumes ranging from 20 to 115 m3 (125 to 725 bbl). Losses from these wells occurred after t
the effect of wellbore trajectory on well performance of horizontal wells and justify the benefits of undulating wellbores in horizontal well de
reducing the risk of injectivity loss and optimizing injection performance throughout the life of the field to achieving ultimate recovery. Introd
e to ineffective stimulation make many reservoirs uneconomical to exploit. This paper will discuss the new completion designed specifically
to ineffective stimulation make many reservoirs uneconomical to exploit. This paper will discuss the new completion designed specifically
oduce. A pressure buildup test performed one month after the intervention showed that the well was producing with a damage skin value of
oduce. A pressure buildup test performed one month after the intervention showed that the well was producing with a damage skin value of
ne and numerous other fields are protected with casing and cement to maintain wellbore stability ensure reservoir access restrict solids a
blematic inflow performance of the conventional wells. A detailed hydraulic analysis of two problematic conventional wells and one smart w
such as methane ethane and propane. The thermodynamic stability of these structures increases as pressure increases and temperature
recast can have a best estimation and a new developement plan can be proposed for a full field case. According to this test the gas well pr
on steady-state DTS data the amount and the location of each fluid entry would be difficult to identify. The current study shows that a maxi
ely water or gas (or WAG) injectors have traditionally been used to maintain reservoir pressure but have not typically been used in a struct
sand dunes (up to 200 meters high). Because of its rugged character the field is developed from the flat sabkhahs necessitating highly dire
dup (PBU) data are available on most well closures and have helped characterize reservoir barriers zones of changing fluid mobility and le
nt completions in both horizontal and multilateral wells. It will be shown how the value of such well-construction options can be quantified us
ing ICD hardware this allows on-site nozzle changes to create relevant delta P to enhance well performance just after the well has been d
to studying the more complex (e.g. channelised) reservoir models where prediction of the extent of reservoir layer / zone connection is mo
ptimize the performance of the well and field. Initial application of intelligent completions was in sub-sea wells to complete and produce mu
ue thus increases when Artificial Lift is installed. The value of â€œProactive Control is well known in multiple well scenarios. Here value
wells at at with an optimal rates which will delay the arrival of unwanted fluids (water and gas) while honoring the maximum efficient rate su
oirs and has three gas-bearing carbonate reservoirs (Figure-1). Abqaiq field has a modest natural water drive that has been augmented wit
demonstrates that reactive control strategies always yield a neutral or positive return whereas a passive model-based strategy can yield ne
owever one cannot generally correlate their results directly to field applications due to scaling issues. Their ultimate purpose is to provide a
owever one cannot generally correlate their results directly to field applications due to scaling issues. Their ultimate purpose is to provide a
ms called lamellae [1-3]. Foam has been widely used to block the high-permeability layers and divert the injected fluid for instance acid to t
ments in case of an unsuccessful operation. Foam has also been widely used as a mobility control agent in Enhanced oil Recovery (EOR) a
models take into account explicitly the evolution of bubble density and are the most suitable to describe transient foam flow. However traditi
-gas surface tension were found to have excessive error so a new more accurate method is presented. This paper provides recommendat
shut-in is an irreversible process that causes gas-liquid redistribution in the wellbore. The very important operating principle for this kind of
affecting the accuracy were identified. Comparison with a field case provided further proof for the validity of the approach. This result is not
they are fully depleted. Applying these deliquification technologies will lead to higher gas production rates in the short-term and extended
ify the current prediction models. Based on the current work an adaptation to the Turner equation which takes the inclination effects into ac
ets in the world and is supplied primarily from domestic production. In 2006 North America (Canada Mexico and the United States) produ
ainly by keeping wells online for an extended period of time. Resolving the issue of liquid loading in maturing gas fields across the North Sea
pleted gas wells. We consider a well to be liquid loaded when the fraction by volume of liquids present in the gas flow path is higher than wo
of well tubing to increase flow velocity and hence lift water mist all the way to the surface. This method naturally reduces production rate du
ural plunger lift with no additional gas injected from the surface. Foss and Goal[1] presented the first static force balance analysis on plung
operation guidelines and to add insight into operational practices of submersible pumps. As a result of this work smaller casing sizes were s
ells in carbonate reservoirs. Acid can be injected using many acid placement methods including bullheading down the production tubing in
s a black-oil two phase (oil and water) flow model. For the well investigated sensitivity studies with varying formation properties predict that
mplished quickly and efficiently after the well is drilled in time for planning the well completion and production tests. The high resolution simu
urrounding open holes and perforations during drawdown and production. The sanding tendency predicted from sanding analysis was corro
s the completion fluid is also examined.ï¿½ The implications and suggestions to safely apply the technique of perforating with acid are disc
g Rhourde Messaoud Bir Rebaa North Bir Rebaa West and Bir Rebaa South West were made between 1981 and 1995. The geological
blies was the selection of electronic firing head over a conventional or standard drop ball mechanism. This tool utilized coded sequence crea
ST string which allowed the well to be tested immediately after perforating. Details of the diagnosis planning execution and evaluation ph
ation the expected net oil production rate of the LEP with a sand-screen in Peace River reservoir is around 4.8 m3/day/perf. Overall it can
. A multilayer production evaluation of one of the wells perforated with the dynamic underbalance method produced a zero skin value in the
emoved; the role played by pressure dynamics; the sensitivity of penetration and tunnel quality to formation and system parameters; and h
servoirs with different pressures. Introduction The potential of fracturing techniques to enhance production in low-permeability formations i
servoirs with different pressures. Introduction The potential of fracturing techniques to enhance production in low-permeability formations i
sults. This is the first fully documented case of thisï¿½perforating technique being used in a carbonate reservoir and the first time thisï¿½te
ying the operational challenges in these reservoir types. Instrumental in the success of the propellant-assisted perforating methodology wa
opellant-assisted perforating. The data presented includes pre-job planning execution and post-job inflow performance analysis.ï¿½ The r
opellant-assisted perforating. The data presented includes pre-job planning execution and post-job inflow performance analysis.ï¿½ The r
s of a classic convolution algorithm to include variations in the skin and flow rates. New analytical solutions have been derived for both hom
existing wells and were brought into production sooner than planned. This technology has elevated CT standard operation onto a higher lev
he well delivered 1 400 bopd with 0% water cut. The second case history is Chevron Okan Well Y which was drilled and completed as a ho
project manager has to carefully plan a perforating job for both maximized system performance and minimized risk associated with incident
uality charge more suitable for a given completion type. In many instances particularly for natural completions it is desirable to maximize p
nt down hole gauge installed in the completion string. The first well completed using this new method showed improved production of 4 tim
ll and laboratory data are recommended for use in reservoir modelling of sulphate scaling. Sulphate scaling can have a disastrous impact o
cant damage occurs in and near production wells where dispersion and chemical kinetics are particularly high due to high fluid velocities a
e near crack-tip region and the impairment of reservoir performance (permeability) around the fracture caused by water contaminant invas
nHole pressure & temperature Monitoring System (PDHMS)and three hydraulic flow control valves (Fig.3) with three packers (Fig.4). This c
previously experienced. The challenges of minimizing placement pressures accurate modeling of gravel placement rat hole mitigation an
aulic fracturing. Introduction The Egret field is located 43 km offshore in 60 meters water depth. The field consists of stacked sand formatio
ew the evaluation that led to the sand-face completion design the field implementation of the design and the key installation success facto
rac across shale intervals. The paper will also cover the effectiveness of achieving a frac-pack with premium screens with shunt tubes bas
o frac across shale intervals. The paper also will cover the effectiveness of achieving a frac pack with premium screens with shunt tubes on
o achieve and maintain economical production rates from these wells. In addition sand control solutions are required to safely deploy sever
rld-record extended-reach processes and of course success in finding economic quantities of pay. For the past 3 years a successful prog
sand. Finally a sand prediction was used to evaluate oriented perforating in lieu of frac-packed completions. The evaluation defined produ
pill formulation. Introduction Ursa-Princess Waterflood Development Overview The Ursa and Princess Fields brought online in 1999 and
tion of the design and the key installation success factors that were required. Results and a summary of best practices from the initial insta
cedures were used in six subsequent frac packs without any additional failures and zero-to-negative completion skins. This paper will discu
s 2900 bopd on choke 52/64. The main objectives for intervention on Alpha-4L were: To clean out sand from the wellbore and Apply reme
programme began in 2005 with the aim of drilling and completing 15 wells prior to first oil in 2007. All the 5 fields produce from poorly cons
slanted well at 80 degrees without shunt tube (6.366 ID) which can yield much higher PI than the base design. The sound engineering des
the Brazilian deepwater fields pushed the industry to develop dedicated technology to guarantee technical feasibility and economicity of su
s with the screen metal causing variation in opening tolerances which is unacceptable for these poorly sorted high fines content sands. Th
programme began in 2005 with the aim of drilling and completing 15 wells prior to first oil in 2007. All the 5 fields produce from poorly cons
ntacting the laminated sands. In Italy one of the major challenges in UGS projects is to perform an effective reliable and highly productive
Alternate Path packing.5 The first two techniques use a low viscosity carrier fluid (typically brine) with a low gravel concentration (typically 1
PT has dropped from 21% to 6%. The last three SS-STMZ completions averaged 7.7% NPT for the Sand Control Completions. STMZ techn
lack of experience in this geographical area a horizontal well trajectory was needed to achieve effective field drainage andï¿½ the required
he success of the job and subsequently optimize the job design. The paper also presents two case histories of gravel-pack jobs in long hor
oil-based mud) in the wellbore due to logistical challenges and economics. An OB carrier fluid was recently used for openhole gravel packi
d significant PI improvements close to expected values. Production Logging Tests (PLT) analysis indicates that both wells are producing fro
and production a major concern. Several jobs were completed with the above mentioned technique and perforation packing factors improve
th sand production a major concern. Several jobs were completed with the above mentioned technique and perforation packing factors imp
e for any drawdown and depletion to abandonment. The predictions reveal that topside perforations are superior (in terms of predicted san
up and PI. In addition two tests were conducted on field core material in order to evaluate the sanding propensity of oriented perforations u
ac pack completions in several deepwater GOM completions. The paper will also describe basic laboratory techniques used to successfully
ering the tailor-made ICD system i.e. completion modeling in the reservoir grid to simulation analysis of various scenario and sensitivities. S
o zones that are located behind both tubing and casing. Introduction A sand control completion is required when there is a probability of fo
o zones that are located behind both tubing and casing. Introduction A sand control completion is required when there is a probability of fo
ts of the program showed that the completion designs and sand-control screens were up to industry standards. However several operation
methane content of ~90% CO2 ~2% no H2S and a condensate/gas ratio of ~10 stb/MMscf. The South Tapti reservoir consists of a stacke
gas and condensate is frequently accompanied by unwanted production components. Scale waxes and asphaltenes precipitation and for
block and Jasmin is considered as part of the same reservoir. Under a production sharing agreement with Sociedade Nacional de Combust
on mechanisms to be assessed. The influence on the results of numerical (temporal and geometrical discretization) parameters is also dis
duction. This paper provides details of implementation of this SMS in the Sarir field and demonstrates that a systematical approach is requ
nted in this paper highlight the use of this technique and approach.ï¿½ We have used this type of analysis and process for the well design i
udy sanding prediction analyses were conducted using a technique that combines easily measurable lab data log data and analytical calc
udy sanding prediction analyses were conducted using a technique that combines easily measurable lab data log data and analytical calc
nd control facilities were unnecessary which otherwise would have cost millions of dollars without correctly addressing the real problem tha
nd control facilities were unnecessary which otherwise would have cost millions of dollars without correctly addressing the real problem tha
nd production in the petroleum industry is a phenomenon of solid particles being produced together with reservoir fluids. Conceptually this p
nd production in the petroleum industry is a phenomenon of solid particles being produced together with reservoir fluids. Conceptually this p
nfilippo et al. 1995 1997; Tronvoll and Halleck 1994; Tronvoll et al. 1997; Papamichos and Malmanger 1999; Morita and Boyd 1991; Bradfo
nfilippo et al. 1995 1997; Tronvoll and Halleck 1994; Tronvoll et al. 1997; Papamichos and Malmanger 1999; Morita and Boyd 1991; Bradfo
ontrolled by equilibrium desorption of gas from coals due to the relatively slow changes in reservoir pressure. The enrichment of CO2 in the
del correctly predicted initiation of shear failure from the sides of the borehole and its propagation to the boundaries of the sample. It was fu
del correctly predicted initiation of shear failure from the sides of the borehole and its propagation to the boundaries of the sample. It was fu
as approximately 11 500 BOPD. Maintaining the existing production and minimizing field decline has become more critical than ever. Low
r validation of the model against experimental and field data is necessary for its potential field applications. ï¿½ Introduction It is estimated
r validation of the model against experimental and field data is necessary for its potential field applications. ï¿½ Introduction It is estimated
d flow are a very complex process and very little research effort has been dedicated to the morphological description of rock failure. Using
be a major problem in the early stage of production. However depletion in reservoir pressure and water-cut can significantly increase sand
ed that the major scales that could be formed were calcium carbonate iron carbonate iron sulphide lead sulphide and zinc sulphide.ï¿½ G
selected along with field case histories for each treatment type (i.e. experience with treatment using chemical injection lines injection of sc
horizontal wells has been developed. The application using the simple model has demonstrated that a combination of long wellbore length a
erforations will enhance horizontal-well flow compared with an openhole completion (a negative skin factor). But if perforations are in the sa
sponded positively to the treatment. There were no operational problems encountered during pumping these acids even when low-permeab
what is being done to mitigate the affect of high temperature on hydrochloric acidâ€™s reaction rate. It will further develop improvements in
es. Among the findings:ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 1. The fracture conductivity c
what is being done to mitigate the affect of high temperature on hydrochloric acidâ€™s reaction rate. It will further develop improvements in
new stage of acid into the non-stimulated porous zones. These fibers degrade and hydrolyze with temperature and time thus leaving the res
e just stimulated zones effectively thus diverting the new stage of acid into the non-stimulated porous zones. These fibers degrade and hyd
ails and pressure responses of the treatments are discussed. Introduction Matrix-acid stimulation has been frequently used in the GOM to
d in 1976 and is located in the U.K. Block 23/26a in circa 95-m water depth approximately 150 miles east of Aberdeen. The field is a norm
er regained permeability than conventional gelled acid systems. Background The purpose of matrix stimulation in limestone and dolomite re
effective in achieving diversion than coiled-tubing-conveyed methods using conventional linear acid systems. Introduction Tengiz field is
d samples of the fluids produced were collected to understand chemical reactions that occurred during the treatment. The treatment has res
effective in achieving diversion than coiled-tubing-conveyed methods using conventional linear acid systems. Introduction Tengiz field is
zed fluid system was selected that showed the best compromise for maintaining rock integrity fluid efficiency zonal coverage and fluid co
nd reservoir conditions. Review of post acidizing results came up with recommendations and lesson learnt for future campaigns. This effort
ve been analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatments in terms of skin reduction or productivity index increase. Introduction Hyd
n additional to reaction kinetics data such as carbonate dissolving capacity at reservoir temperature and pressure solubility of reaction pro
13503-41. This Standard provides for consistent methodology to measure fluid loss of stimulation and gravel-pack fluid under static conditi
this stage into the fracturing treatments the retained matrix permeability was increased to +/- 30% resulting in a negligible fracture face ski
ing acid placement by combining stimulation and diversion in one step.ï¿½ï¿½ Diversion is a critical step to ensure the success of matrix a
mproving the productivity of the well. A variety of reservoirs and the impact of foam fracturing is described and analyzed in this paper from t
he condensate needs to be treated. Introduction Gas-condensate reservoirs show a decline in productivity when the bottom hole flowing pr
lved determination of the evolution of permeability with porosity for the RRT.ï¿½ In these experiments the core was treated at high injection
ed barge space. Learn from previous jobs to improve subsequent ones by optimising pumping procedures. Clean up and flow test right af
gy resistance factor etc.) we must then make decisions about its behaviour which is simulated by choosing certain models and the param
dologies that should be applied to various field types. The case histories illustrated in this paper will highlight the various treatment paramet
uction boundaries of Waltman-Cave Gulch are not yet established. Current development priorities are defining the deep Frontier Muddy an
tion In the Big Horn Basin northeastern Wyoming there are several different fields that have been stimulated with a variety of techniques a
uction boundaries of Waltman-Cave Gulch are not yet established. Current development priorities are defining the deep Frontier Muddy an
or hydraulic fracturing before. Part of it is contributed to low success of hydraulic fracturing on other formations including Jurassic horizon
ess of our new approach. Others have mostly tried reactive materials that are subject to complications in downhole applications. We use a n
20 md and porosity of 22%. The formation contains large amount of natural fractures and produces 23-25ï¿½ API gravity oil. Due to the la
ncept will be tested with data generated from a synthetic model of a 4-zone deviated I-well completion and with realfield data from an instru
ew Base performance qualification testing Full scale HALT (Highly Accelerated Lifetime Testing) of critical features Stack-up and system
ew Base performance qualification testing Full scale HALT (Highly Accelerated Lifetime Testing) of critical features Stack-up and system
the water hammer signal. Water hammer can be modeled as a low-frequency pressure wave similar to the higher frequency Stoneley wa
extended cross flow from low permeability to high permeability layers. In this case the impact of position of layers and that of kv/kh is more p
ntain wellbore integrity. The viability and benefits of a fully LWD-based data acquisition program were proven in this challenging application
igration in the annular space behind casing is a challenge. Historically three measures are evaluated to check for isolation between reserv
igration in the annular space behind casing is a challenge. Historically three measures are evaluated to check for isolation between reserv
facilities and drilling new wells. A synergized stimulation process among a geographical region would benefit each individual asset in the o
s currently involves two phases: An injectivity initiation is performed via Coiled-Tubing creating an artificial thief zone at the toe of the well; th
examines the conventional matrix acidizing practices and provides an idea on how the treatment design can be improved. Introduction Ac
due to human intervention and ensure proper equipment handling during installations are being pursed. In addition tandem ESP completio
Considering the value of higher oil rate at current high oil prices low FPJP installation costs and lower lifting and water handling costs ther
at installing the gas lift infrastructure is a viable project a simple operational approach of installing a temporary piping system was implemen
as to move liquid droplets up to the surface (References [1] [2] [7]&[8]). Liquid then begins to accumulate at bottom hole and near the well b
20 well pairs in which all the producers have been completed to produce via gas lift for the initial life of the well. Phase 1(A B & C) has a ca
ison of this system with the conventional methods is also enlisted. Introduction The venturi consist of a converging tube which is an efficien
he cleanup process. Guidelines are required to ensure economic as well as technical optimisation of the cleanup process. This can be achie
ore than would otherwise have been the case. Introduction The Bayu-Undan Field is a retrograde gas-condensate field with a raw Gas-Init
n selected to maximize and ensure sustained wellhead pressure while minimizing the CAPEX. Flow Insurance Well â€œlongevity was ano
ugh monitoring and control of flow in and out of the well. Economic imperatives particularly in deepwater settings have generated intense in
sorting coefficient (D10/D95) of 23 to 95 and fines content (D < 44 microns) of 14 to 47%. From a sand size distribution standpoint based
about the improved productivity and therefore enhanced recovery for low-permeability reservoirs. Horizontal completion in the oil-water zone
and sealed laterally at north and east by the shales of Morro do Barro Formation which were deposited in the space created by the erosive
al field installations and confirmed that perforations were not needed to initiate fractures in the formations. This paper describes TAP Comp
d Stoneley. Dispersion analysis confirmed the presence of alteration to the formation. Dipole radial profiling then demonstrated that in fact a
ake active roles to make proactive decisions / choices that can impact operations are keys to success for a typical completion method. Sma
n especially in older reservoirs with increased water production and drawdown. Inhibitor squeezes are commonly used to deposit a suitabl
m tubing string setting depth design to use for a multilayer commingled gas reservoir that produces formation or wellbore condensed liquids.
m tubing string setting depth design to use for a multilayer commingled gas reservoir that produces formation or wellbore condensed liquids.
ation of distance to the top (or bottom) and dip changes based on LWD data and effectiveness of Internet-based platform for communicatio
ation of distance to the top (or bottom) and dip changes based on LWD data and effectiveness of Internet-based platform for communicatio
e surface facilities etc. Many papers ([2] [3] [4] [5]) have introduced the concept of multi-level self-learning reservoir management during re
ped with horizontal wells. The subsequent MRC ML wells and Smart Completion installations in Increment-2 were part of a proof of concep
of influence of wellbore flow-control devices and illustrates the maximal benefit that may be obtained through downhole control thus prov
2 was developed with horizontal wells. The subsequent MRC/ML wells and SC installations in Increment-2 were part of a proof-of-concept p
ope for control of commingled production. ICVs allow for the adjustment of inflow in each individual zone; see Fig. 1. Efficient use of ICVs re
e presented. The paper provides also advantages of drilling dual-lateral wells compared to the horizontal wells exceeding the optimum leng
the gas effective permeability enhancement reached after the treatment. The alcohol labeled 21-NE-06 and inhibited diesel treatments in
eens and the high permeability of the reservoir put the well at risk of early water and gas breakthrough. Inflow control devices were used
s (ESPs) are required when a well ceases to flow naturally or when the production rate is too low to be economical. ESPs boost the pressu
m was critical. A multi-phase pipeline simulation calculated that a sufficient liquid film would exist at all critical areas. Erosion of the tree was
nd temperature gauges this testing method can help determine reservoir characteristics under production conditions. In wells that will not n
t are collected. The manner in which the available data are scrutinized analyzed qualified and presented is influential to timely economic
m quality and velocity are greatly decreased. The polymer effects are more pronounced in vertical wells than in horizontal wells. Simulation
e heel end to the toe end varies from several hundred feet to several thousand feet. The slotted-liners completion is a relatively simple rob
al in the Khuff was a significant challenge due to the high fracture gradients encountered in this complex reservoir. Previous attempts to plac
core work comparing brine-based and oil based drilling fluids.1 Based on the 2005 core study results avoiding exposure to brine or any oth
core work comparing brine-based and oil based drilling fluids.1 Based on the 2005 core study results avoiding exposure to brine or any oth
ant volumes with concentrations limited to 8 ppa. This paper summarizes field data from 100 treatments illustrating the design changes ne
nouts. Bakken Geologic Description: Montana vs North Dakota The Bakken is a Mississippian/Devonian age boundary layer rock. There a
acture geometry control maximizing proppant pack permeability by increasing mesh size and proppant concentration. The first five treatmen
w stage of acid into the unstimulated porous zones. The fibers degrade and hydrolyze with temperature and time so no reservoir damage oc
adable fiber-assisted fluid must be utilized as conventional fracturing fluids may not suspend proppant for required time period and proppa
ment in high permeability reservoir. Eleven fracturing treatments on five different wells have been performed with excellent results. Introduc
d much stronger adsorption in the core material than the other additives. The microemulsion and the oil-wetting additive had improved fluid
cted on the effects of formation Youngâ€™s modulus in situ stress fracture toughness and layer interfaces on hydraulic fracture height co
ed. Introduction To date Chevron has pumped 11 jobs in deepwater GOM with the weighted frac fluid. Of these wells the water depths ran
nt applications with a variety of mix-waters. Introduction Recent strategies in gas reservoir development in North America have been focus
Verbeek 2002). Even though some of this material can be managed at the well site many operators in the United States seek offsite mana
actical guidelines. In this exercise the maximum productivity calculated using the proposed formulation is compared with results of the litera
nd deep valleys.ï¿½ The primary target of this study focuses on the Williams Fork Formation of the Mesaverde Group.ï¿½ The Williams Fo
and-pack of twenty wells in these fields with perforated intervals exceeding 90 ft rendered a 40% early wellbore screen-out rate. The early w
in average oil rate. The paper provides a summary of the solution which allowed the operating company to proceed with successful fractu
nclude the theoretical and operational parameters influencing the completion of a well. Fluid flow and geomechanical aspects of fracturing a
lation stage. Greatly increasing the effectiveness of the treatments the combination of technologies allowed successful stimulation of the w
he sandstones of Mulichinco formation (Valanginian to Hauterivian). The Mulichinco is characterised by a relatively thick sedimentary colum
ed in the paper illustrate the pre and post treatment production results obtained. All are characterized by the fluid usage contributing to the
the work. The conclusions will show the operational efficiencies and reliability of this novel completion system as well as analyze the cost b
al methods is a challenging endeavor and that often times results are disappointing. Nevertheless the completion technology tested by Sau
olutions for mitigating these effects with various modifications to the fracture design including the impact of proppant selection on performan
lsions are suspected as the cause for the production impairment. In this paper we will describe the technology and processes brought to th
or improved fracture stimulation design.
n of various diverter methods in the area. The success of the pilot project is addressed as it sets a milestone in carbonate stimulation in the
tors seek to balance the quality and the cost of the stimulations vs. potential well production. One of the important parameters affecting pro
ent between predictions and measurements was obtained and the results indicated that high fracture initiation pressure is unlikely to be a
oft rocks and poorly predict fracture geometry. Newer elastoplastic models are unclosed because the size of the plastic zone is undefined. A
anglement of these flexible micelles imparts viscosity to the solution as shown in Figure 1.ï¿½ A variety of surfactant types can be used fo
ty and the remaining occupying most of the Eddy County as shown by the shaded region of Fig. 1.ï¿½ It is estimated that these formations
es. However the use of treated water results in poorer proppant transport due to the low fluid viscosity. Though more of the created fracture
reatment in other candidate wells chosen from the initial study. Introduction The Marrat reservoir in Magwa field of the Greater Burgan area
vise methods that would allow the production to benefit from the full length of the fracture placed. This would either boost revenue by increa
n the second well showed some positive effects on the microseismic fracture geometry and resultant production.ï¿½ An integrated analysis
tical and no borehole deviation survey (i.e. the measurements of the borehole inclination and azimuth which are then used to calculate the
wn in Figure 1. The field is a large structurally complicated wedge shaped fault trap located in the northwestern part of the Green River Ba
ned fractures to better accommodate these effects will be shown to significantly improve conductivity and fracture half length as well as pro
-stimulation process in which acid dissolution along the face of the hydraulically induced fracture is expected to create lasting conductivity a
to validate various method offered by the service industry. Two basic methods were tested and combined: wellbore logging and passive se
y used radioactive tracers and can be repeated as often as desired. The additive used in this technology has been selected for a number o
Candidate selection and accurate post-fracturing productivity prediction was a main challenge in the recent stimulation campaigns of the N
short. Introduction A numerical simulator was used to forecast the productivity of a hydraulically fractured well in a retrograde gas-cond
ervoir. The flow within the reservoir due to leak-off is described by the 2D pressure diffusion equation. The formation is elastic and fracture
of them showed better long-term production performance over a 2-3 year period compared to their offset wells. In the short-term (nearly 3 m
ulation evaluation and optimization. This paper also introduces a way to evaluate and optimize the financial performance of fracture treatme
R #22-1 well is located in a deep and relatively narrow (1-2 mi wide) north-northwest-south-southeast trending valley roughly 2 000 ft below
rainage pattern of the well. One way to deduce the orientation of a hydraulic fracture is through alignment of microseismic-event locations. A
tion while in others continuous production is maintained. It is shown that the selection of proppant properties is an efficient way to control fl
s has significant implications on refracture design and candidate selection and they are discussed for various reservoir scenarios. Introduct
ristic size of entrapment zones. Both miscible and immiscible displacement was investigated. Extensive direct numerical simulations allowe
ow reservoir interval will facilitate the bridging of proppants and will cause an artificial barrier.ï¿½ Planar 3D models that incorporate stress
his would either boost revenue by increasing production or decrease cost by placing smaller size treatments that would still deliver the sam
g pressure transient data and it supports the theory of poroelastic effect. Then the remedial action was selected to overcome poroelastic be
tion weakness caused by open natural fractures and induced fractures in the zone below this fault â€“ resulting in almost 25 m of reservoir
fracture growth by other methods can help fill in missing information. For example microseismic monitoring provides information about frac
over time compared with the acid fracture treatments. However the initial productivity of the acid fractured well was much better hence the
ses the combined effect of coupling and inertia with universal parameters. The unique contribution of inertial forces as observed in the exp
ccessful acid-fracturing treatments can be implemented in this region; we will discuss some of the key parameters that helped base the cho
has aided fracture design in highly complex fracture stimulation applications. Additional advantages also include: easily circulating out propp
9% C2â€“6 and 4% C7+). The temperatures encountered in these reservoirs (200 to 400ï¿½F) are higher than the critical temperature of t
l Gas coning is a phenomenon where the gas-oil-contact (GOC) of a reservoir slowly moves towards a well as a result of oil drawdown.ï¿½
ctric means. The use of downhole flow control valves means that auto gas lift belongs to the category of intelligent or smart wells. Auto gas
sorting coefficient (D10/D95) of 23 to 95 and fines content (D < 44 microns) of 14 to 47%. From a sand size distribution standpoint based
ly. However the emulsion may break down and emplace at a desired depth within a porous medium as a result of applying low pH solution
ng and high-velocity flows in the near-wellbore. Hydrocarbon blocking in gas-condensate reservoirs results in a significant loss of well prod
hese wells occurred after the predicted elapsed time. Details are provided of how the jobs were carried out and the results achieved. Intro
bores in horizontal well development in this low vertical permeability reservoir. The study showed that undulating wells in the Cosmopolitan
g ultimate recovery. Introduction The Prudhoe Bay field Alaska is the largest oilfield in North America and has been in production since 19
etion designed specifically for open-hole fracturing of both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. This innovative field proven system greatly
ion designed specifically for open-hole fracturing of both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs. This innovative field proven system greatly i
h a damage skin value of zero. The different interventions the laboratory results and the effect of each taken step on well productivity are d
h a damage skin value of zero. The different interventions the laboratory results and the effect of each taken step on well productivity are d
ir access restrict solids and provide conformance control for various reservoir fluids. Although technological advances ushered in the horiz
nal wells and one smart well was requested by BSP to understand the inflow problems in the conventional producers and to confirm the just
ncreases and temperature decreases (Sloan 1998). These ice-like structures could agglomerate to block tubing flowlines and/or facilities.
o this test the gas well productivity can be improved with the sense of recover more liquid of condensate. Introduction This study was carri
t study shows that a maximum wellbore deviation of 75ï¿½ should be honored to appropriately estimate flow profile directly through steady-
cally been used in a structured production optimization program. However use of multizone intelligent injectors with downhole flow control a
s necessitating highly directional drilling to reach the targets. The oil in the Shu'aiba formation is Arabian Extra Light with an average API of
nging fluid mobility and levels of aquifer support. ICVs have enabled well testing at the reservoir level in multi-zone wells and have improve
ptions can be quantified using commercially available modelling simulators. Simple but reliable guidelines on how to model the performanc
after the well has been drilled and uses the real time data from the final logging operations. The real time logs were then evaluated while t
er / zone connection is more difficult. This study provides optimum ICV placement guidelines for different well and reservoir geometries w
complete and produce multiple horizons from a single wellbore without the need of intervention. Additional cost of the intelligent well comple
l scenarios. Here value creation requires even-flood front management of an injected fluid at the field level. There is also the opportunity
maximum efficient rate subject to the physical contraints mechanical limitations of the production network (i.e. flowlines manifolds risers s
has been augmented with a peripheral water injection program.
ased strategy can yield negative returns if the reservoir behavior is poorly understood. While reactive control strategies enhance production
ate purpose is to provide a benchmark for numerical models that may represent the essential physics of the process. Many laboratory-scale
ate purpose is to provide a benchmark for numerical models that may represent the essential physics of the process. Many laboratory-scale
luid for instance acid to the damaged/unswept layers [4-7]. In these applications foam reduces the gas mobility by trapping a large part of
nced oil Recovery (EOR) as a profile correction agent [1-6]. The description of foam behavior in porous media relies on macroscopic modeli
oam flow. However traditionally the bubble population models involve many parameters that have been hard to obtain in the laboratory. Re
er provides recommendations when the use of a surface or downhole evaluation point is more appropriate in the determination of the minim
g principle for this kind of well conditions is not to shut-in the well to avoid unnecessary intervention. A combined study of completion inflow
proach. This result is not only relevant for velocity string design it is important for all annular flow processes in wells such as flow around a
short-term and extended field lives until wells are fully depleted in this way securing the future of gas supplies from mature gas assets. Ba
e inclination effects into account is proposed. For the observed natural gas wells and for the airwater experiments the modified Turner equa
the United States) produced 73 BCF/d and consumed 74.5 BCF/d (1); this represents about one quarter of the world gas supply and dema
elds across the North Sea will lead to higher production rates (up to 30% from cycling wells) and an increase in reserves recovery. Introduc
low path is higher than would be present in a mist flow situation.1 Almost all gas wells produce some water and/or hydrocarbon condensate
educes production rate due to restricted flow area and increased friction and fails as soon as the gas pressure drops again below some criti
alance analysis on plunger lift based on the experimental work in Ventura oil field in the middle of 1960s. Hacksma[2] applied nodal analys
maller casing sizes were successfully used resulting in substantial project cost savings. Introduction Rising steel prices and casing-size av
n the production tubing injection from coiled tubing injection with or following a diverting material injection into intervals isolated by packers
on properties predict that sand production and cavity generation will be unstable. Introduction Different tools for prediction of sand product
. The high resolution simulation model permits to conduct further engineering studies whenever required such as designing the injection a
anding analysis was corroborated with field observations. This was also used to calibrate the 3D model and formulate a completion strategy
forating with acid are discussed. Introduction The purpose of matrix acidizing in cased and perforated wells in a carbonate reservoir is to c
nd 1995. The geological features in this region are characterized by two main fault systems: one main fault system that runs parallel to the
zed coded sequence created fromvariation of surface pump rate to generate its firing command providing reliable gun activation where as
ecution and evaluation phases of this project are described. The resulting gas production and zero perforation skin represented more than
3/day/perf. Overall it can be concluded that injection through LEPâ€™s is feasible and production through LEPâ€™s in their current config
ed a zero skin value in the 9-md layer and a -0.97 skin value in the 1600-md layer. Conventional underbalanced perforation employing mu
ystem parameters; and how jet perforators perform in targets other than sandstone.ï¿½ This lack of understanding has contributed to tech
-permeability formations is increased if the perforations are aligned with the preferred fracture plane (PFP). The PFP is aligned with the ma
-permeability formations is increased if the perforations are aligned with the preferred fracture plane (PFP). The PFP is aligned with the ma
nd the first time thisï¿½technique has been used in Abu Dhabi.ï¿½ Background ADMA OPCO producing wells which are located offshore
rforating methodology was 1) the proper screening of candidate wells 2) good pre-job design modeling and 3) adherence to industry accep
mance analysis.ï¿½ The result was three world-class low-drawdown wells each capable of delivering 200 MMscf/d providing well capacity
mance analysis.ï¿½ The result was three world-class low-drawdown wells each capable of delivering 200 MMscf/d providing well capacity
een derived for both homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoirs based on the general convolution formula. The new solutions are applied
operation onto a higher level in Malaysia. Introduction Talisman Malaysia Ltd. (TML) operates more than 130 wells in South China Sea. Pre
ed and completed as a horizontal gravity waterflood injection well. The initial 20 000-bwpd water injection began to drop and later quit due t
k associated with incidents such as perforating gun carriers stuck downhole. Maximized performance usually requires use of more powerful
is desirable to maximize penetration depth while at the same time minimizing damage to the rock matrix caused by the violent jet penetrati
roved production of 4 times what was expected compared to similar wells in the field perforated using the shoot pull and kill technique. Add
have a disastrous impact on oil production in waterflood projects with incompatible injected and formation waters. This is due to precipitation
ue to high fluid velocities and where the mixing of the different brines is most pronounced[2]. The sulphate scaling productivity impairment
y water contaminant invasion of the injection horizon. The interplay between the reservoir rock properties and water quality parameters[3
ee packers (Fig.4). This completion was not run due to due to some operational problems and the well was completed with conventional co
ent rat hole mitigation and injection well clean-up all had to be addressed. The solutions developed to meet these multiple challenges will b
s of stacked sand formations (mainly gas and some oil-rim reservoirs) broken up by faults into multiple blocks. The first production from thre
installation success factors that were required. Results and a summary of best practices from the initial installations will also be summarize
ens with shunt tubes based upon downhole pressure temperature radioactive tracer information and revised operational practices that re
eens with shunt tubes on the basis of downhole-pressure and â€“temperature and radioactive-tracer information and will discuss revised o
ed to safely deploy several branches off one main vertical well. This paper will describe the history of the well HWTH-34 and workoverâ€™
3 years a successful program of just such world-record extended-reach development has been ongoing. The program has seven wells to d
evaluation defined production scenarios by building nodal and production forecast models and ran incremental economics. It indicated tha
ought online in 1999 and 2003 respectively are part of the Mars basin located in the Mississippi Canyon area offshore Louisiana Gulf of M
ctices from the initial installations also will be summarized. Introduction Sarawak Shellâ€™s Shallow Clastics field consists primarily of
kins. This paper will discuss the failure modes of the two frac-pack/premium-screen sand failures workover planning and execution to remo
wellbore and Apply remedial sand control technique and restore sand free production to recover remaining oil Sand production in various
produce from poorly consolidated Oligocene turbidite reservoirs and consequently sand control is required in all development wells. Each
he sound engineering design of the well completion would allow us to deliver superior value through this huge gas property. Background A
ility and economicity of such projects. Non consolidated reservoirs require sand control and Campos Basin history have been constructed w
h fines content sands. The objective of this paper is to present the results of the application of a clean up fluid containing a chelating agent
produce from poorly consolidated Oligocene turbidite reservoirs and consequently sand control is required in all development wells. Each
ble and highly productive sand control completion in metric sand and shale interlayer. Slanted or sub-horizontal wells with open-hole throug
concentration (typically 1.0 ppa). In both techniques initial packing takes place in the lower part of the horizontal well until the bottom is pa
Completions. STMZ techniques are on track to achieve a significant net cost saving as compared to conventional technology.
nage andï¿½ the required well productivity. Because of the sandface conditions the horizontal openhole gravel pack method using an Alp
avel-pack jobs in long horizontal wells where the simulator was successfully used to design and execute the job. These case histories highl
for openhole gravel packing of a well in Okpoho field offshore Nigeria. The application resulted in the best producer in the field. This pape
oth wells are producing from almost all screen lengths. Despite the challenging placement of the treatment fluid in the SAS assembly the d
on packing factors improved from 10 to 40 lb of gravel per foot of perforations. Discussion of the placement and production data is presente
ation packing factors improved from 10 to 40 lb of gravel per foot of perforations. Discussion of the placement and production data is prese
in terms of predicted sand stability) to phased perforated completions. The field observations of no sanding are consistent with (but do not
of oriented perforations under conditions approximating those predicted during pressure depletion. The laboratory conditions required to in
ues used to successfully identify the source of proppant found in a surface choke subsequent to the frac. The economic savings provided b
cenario and sensitivities. Solution to tight product delivery time the ICD completion installation and performance evaluation is also discusse
there is a probability of formation sand production during the life of a well. The key factors that dictate the need for sand control are rock pro
there is a probability of formation sand production during the life of a well. The key factors that dictate the need for sand control are rock pro
owever several operational aspects were identified as opportunities for improvement. The results of the program are presented and items
ervoir consists of a stacked series of sands deposited in the Lower Miocene (Mahim formation) and Oligocene (Daman and Mahuva formatio
enes precipitation and formation are addressed by the use of inhibitors or through well interventions. Water is addressed through water ha
ade Nacional de Combustï¿½veis de Angola (SONANGOL) the Angolan state oil company partners in the field include Total E&P Angola (
on) parameters is also discussed. Introduction CHOPS (Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand) is a technology which allows higher produ
tematical approach is required when addressing sanding issues in giant mature fields such as Sarir. Introduction Sanding is a major conce
ocess for the well design in our business operations around the world with good success. Based on our case example analyses and the sp
g data and analytical calculations with empirical methods that are supported by the results from previously run rigorous and advanced num
g data and analytical calculations with empirical methods that are supported by the results from previously run rigorous and advanced num
ssing the real problem that this field was facing. The study highlighted the importance of a thorough investigation of the mechanism and sou
ssing the real problem that this field was facing. The study highlighted the importance of a thorough investigation of the mechanism and sou
fluids. Conceptually this process may be divided into three stages: failure of the rocks surrounding an open hole or perforation detachmen
fluids. Conceptually this process may be divided into three stages: failure of the rocks surrounding an open hole or perforation detachmen
ta and Boyd 1991; Bradford and Cook 1994; Van den Hoek et al. 1996; Vardoulakis and Papanastasious 1988; Willson 1996; Morita et al. 1
ta and Boyd 1991; Bradford and Cook 1994; Van den Hoek et al. 1996; Vardoulakis and Papanastasious 1988; Willson 1996; Morita et al. 1
enrichment of CO2 in the production gas with time occurs because of the stronger adsorption of coals for CO2 than CH4. However during
es of the sample. It was further seen that the propagation of the shear failed zone resulting from sand production agreed well with the nume
es of the sample. It was further seen that the propagation of the shear failed zone resulting from sand production agreed well with the nume
re critical than ever. Low cost high return well intervention work is key to maximizing the value of this field. The challenge for the Pompano
ntroduction It is estimated that 70% of the total world's oil and gas reserves are found in poorly consolidated reservoirs (Bianco and Halleck
ntroduction It is estimated that 70% of the total world's oil and gas reserves are found in poorly consolidated reservoirs (Bianco and Halleck
tion of rock failure. Using an endoscope camera it was possible to observe the failure behavior and sand transport during sanding experi
significantly increase sand production risk. Introduction The multi-field development consists of four gas fields located in Malay Basin Sou
e and zinc sulphide.ï¿½ Given the predicted oversaturation of various minerals preliminary laboratory tests were conducted in order to ens
ection lines injection of scale inhibitor into the gas lift system and squeezing).
n of long wellbore length and perforations bypassing the damaged zone could overcome the destructive effect of severe formation damage
perforations are in the same direction as the maximum permeability significant positive skin will result. The new skin-factor model provides
s even when low-permeability reservoirs were treated. Because these acid systems do not contain polymers there was no need to flow bac
develop improvements in reservoir characterization and pay zone determination which has been improved by the utilization of resistivity im
The fracture conductivity created did not show a general increase with acid contact time and in fact decreased at higher contact times with
develop improvements in reservoir characterization and pay zone determination which has been improved by the utilization of resistivity im
d time thus leaving the reservoir undamaged. This paper discusses the planning and design processes leading to the successful implemen
e fibers degrade and hydrolyze with temperature and time thus leaving the reservoir undamaged. This paper discusses the planning and d
uently used in the GOM to remove formation damage caused by drilling-mud invasion clay swelling and clay migration and production impa
rdeen. The field is a normally-pressured oil reservoir contained within a steeply dipping fractured Cretaceous chalk and Paleocene sandsto
limestone and dolomite reservoirs is the formation of wormholes which can bypass the damaged areas and increase the effective wellbore
troduction Tengiz field is a large carbonate reservoir located in Kazakhstan. Producing intervals in the wells can be as long as 800 m at d
ent. The treatment has resulted in a slight increase in gas production and no significant improvement was noted over a 9-month period. Co
troduction Tengiz field is a large carbonate reservoir located in Kazakhstan. Producing intervals in the wells can be as long as 800 m at d
nal coverage and fluid compatibility. Both wells responded well to the prescribed treatment: Well A tested an 269 ft measured depth (MD
re campaigns. This effort will certainly enhance the success ratio of the sandstone acidizing treatments. Significance: Developed lessons le
crease. Introduction Hydrocarbon wells producing from carbonate reservoirs are often stimulated with small quantities of hydrochloric acid
e solubility of reaction products and the effect of HCl to organic acid ratio are needed to better design field treatments. Recommendations
k fluid under static conditions. Stimulation fluids are defined for the purpose of this document as fluids used to enhance production from oil
negligible fracture face skin. The productivity of fracturing treatments performed using this technique resulted in negative skin factors and pr
re the success of matrix acid treatments. Understanding how chemical diverters interact with the formation rock and fluid is the key to selec
alyzed in this paper from typical shallow gas to challenging deep oil reservoirs using numerous fluid systems such as foamed visco-elastic
the bottom hole flowing pressure drops below the dewpoint pressure of the fluid. Liquid condensate builds up near the well restricting the flo
as treated at high injection rates with a fluid of low reactivity.ï¿½ Injection at a high flow rate ensured uniform dissolution of the medium.ï¿½
n up and flow test right after stimulation to evaluate results. 7 wells were stimulated in the campaign. Significant gain has been achieved t
ain models and the parameters in these models. For multi-layer systems the model considers no vertical communication between layers th
arious treatment parameters optimized for successful restimulation. The conclusions of this paper are based on our work in selecting restim
deep Frontier Muddy and Cloverly reservoirs and extending the Cave Gulch (shallow) accumulation to the southeast and northwest. The
a variety of techniques and fracturing fluids. An operator in the Big Horn basin has recently been using a polymer-free viscoelastic surfacta
deep Frontier Muddy and Cloverly reservoirs and extending the Cave Gulch (shallow) accumulation to the southeast and northwest. The
ncluding Jurassic horizons in the same Nurzhanov field and also to general considerations of poorly understood formation deliverability. F
e applications. We use a non-reactive nonionic polymeric surfactant that does not have any of these problems and is robust over a wide ra
PI gravity oil. Due to the lack of nature water influx the formation has been under water flooding since 1997 in order to sustain the reservoir
ealfield data from an instrumented North Sea well. Introduction Reservoir Management includes the tasks of monitoring subsurface and sur
es Stack-up and system integration tests Field trials Establishment of Global Quality Control Plans for manufacturing A case study will b
es Stack-up and system integration tests Field trials Establishment of Global Quality Control Plans for manufacturing A case study will b
er frequency Stoneley waves produced during VSP and by acoustic logging tools. Models of water hammer propagation in a synthetic ana
and that of kv/kh is more pronounced for SW and both at lower kv/kh. The decrease in velocity around the wellbore of HW decreases the im
is challenging application delivering improved wellbore placement and reduced drilling risk based on real-time evolution of the reservoir mo
r isolation between reservoir units: (1) pressure testing (2) physical communication tests between formations and (3) cement bond log inte
r isolation between reservoir units: (1) pressure testing (2) physical communication tests between formations and (3) cement bond log inte
h individual asset in the organizational structure that was introduced to the region in Late 2003.ï¿½ Acid stimulation in Shell Asia Pacific reg
ne at the toe of the well; then a massive treatment based on emulsified acid and ball-sealer diversion is bullheaded from a stimulation vesse
mproved. Introduction Acidizing oil and gas wells has frequently been viewed as art than science. Many laboratory researches have been c
n tandem ESP completions and different types of wellhead penetrators are being pursued to reduce rig utilization increase producing life a
water handling costs there is little work done at Kuparuk that pays as high a rate of return as the installation of a FPJP. A typical FPJP ass
ing system was implemented after the necessary engineering analyses which are all discussed in this paper. Other operational methods of
m hole and near the well bore region. The gas well loses its capability to lift liquid from bottomhole to the surface. This phenomenon is know
ase 1(A B & C) has a capacity of 25 000 barrels per day (bpd) (3 975 m3/d) and is expected to reach peak production in 2012. A second p
g tube which is an efficient device in converting pressure head to velocity head and a diverging tube converts velocity head to pressure hea
process. This can be achieved by use of the presented practical downhole monitoring procedures for efficient well cleanup together with a n
e field with a raw Gas-Initially-In-Place (GIIP) of 8-9 Tcf including 700 MMstb propane plus (C3+). The field is located in the Timor Sea and
Well â€œlongevity was another â€œkey word for the following reasons: Limited number of wells. Huge cost of work-over linked with rig and
have generated intense interest in IWC technology. Of course the ability to commingle marginal reservoirs in any situation is another attrac
ribution standpoint based on available guidelines in the literature gravel packing and frac packing are the preferred sand control technique
letion in the oil-water zones reduces the rate of watering out and leads to longer economic life of the wells. By and large drilling of horizont
ce created by the erosive unconformity of the Tinharï¿½ Canyon of Rio da Serra age. At east and south the Mutï¿½ fault (north-south) an
aper describes TAP Completions how the TAP valves work and how the valves performed. Information on a TAP Completion with 6 layers
demonstrated that in fact a 5 inch altered zone was present in the unconsolidated sands. Using the sonic data mechanical properties and s
completion method. Small independents that operate marginal oil wells will find openhole completion on horizontal wells useful to enhance
used to deposit a suitable scale inhibitor in the formation. During an inhibitor squeeze treatment a predetermined volume of the inhibitor s
ellbore condensed liquids.ï¿½ The multiphase flow and pressure traverse models that are commonly utilized in production systems analysis
ellbore condensed liquids.ï¿½ The multiphase flow and pressure traverse models that are commonly utilized in production systems analysis
platform for communication and decision-making process. Background Burgan Field the worldâ€™s largest sandstone oil field lies 35 km
platform for communication and decision-making process. Background Burgan Field the worldâ€™s largest sandstone oil field lies 35 km
voir management during recent years. This approach has already become widely adopted in the chemical process and refining industries. S
e part of a proof of concept project to test and evaluate the impact of these technologies on reservoir well performance and overall reservoi
wnhole control thus providing a ready comparison with the cost of completion. Introduction Two of the common problems that plague wat
art of a proof-of-concept project to test and evaluate the impact of these technologies on reservoir and well performance and on overall rese
1. Efficient use of ICVs requires the capability to measure the inflow from each zone. Using downhole instrumentation this can be done dir
ceeding the optimum lengths. Introduction Recent advances in the capabilities of the systems and applications have proved multilateral dri
bited diesel treatments increase the gas effective permeability both in Berea and Mirador cores. Both Alcohol 21-NE-06 and inhibited dies
ontrol devices were used to prevent this problem and subsequent reduction of ultimate recovery. This was the first application of the syste
al. ESPs boost the pressure of the produced fluid allowing an increase in the well drawdown and providing the additional energy required f
as. Erosion of the tree was further assessed by computation fluid dynamics (CFD) models which identified several hot spots; thus additiona
ns. In wells that will not naturally flow unpredictable results may be obtained. Because commercial production rates need to be guaranteed
ential to timely economic and accurate well and field design. This paper shows how we can extract the full profundity of useful information
rizontal wells. Simulation results also indicate that it is possible to use foam to create a pressure profile within the narrow window between
is a relatively simple robust and cost-effective completion method. It is often used for the case of long wellbore and low-to-medium flow ra
Previous attempts to place proppant in other wells with similar reservoir characteristics resulted in premature screenout. Nevertheless the
posure to brine or any other water based fluids was the standard mode of operation. For this reason diesel based fracture fluids were used
posure to brine or any other water based fluids was the standard mode of operation. For this reason diesel based fracture fluids were used
ng the design changes necessary to place propped-fracture treatments in low-porosity chalk reservoirs. The paper documents the relations
undary layer rock. There are differences between the productive Bakken Formation in Richland County Montana which is in a fairly small co
on. The first five treatments performed have pushed the limits of the technology in regard to proppant size type concentration and fractur
so no reservoir damage occurs. This paper discusses the planning and design processes leading to the successful implementation of the te
d time period and proppant settling during fracture closure results in considerable part of net pay being under stimulated. The laboratory te
excellent results. Introduction Oil and gas industry in Brunei Darussalam started as early 1930â€™s where wells were mostly explored ons
dditive had improved fluid loss in a fully formulated fracturing fluid. In spite of the low capillary pressures the additives had little effect on cle
ydraulic fracture height containment in layered formations (Smith et al. 2001; Simonson et al. 1978; Daneshy 1978; van Eekelen 1982; War
wells the water depths ranged from 4 000 ft to 6 900 ft. For nine of these wells the measured depth perforated interval ranged from 25 500
America have been focused to refine completion processes and to increase efficiency in field operations to make wells commercially viable
d States seek offsite management options for their waste. Offsite disposal companies must comply with state and federal laws including the
ed with results of the literature or our in-house simulator. This program using a fine grid approach simulates gas condensate flow around a
roup.ï¿½ The Williams Fork is a thick section of shale sandstone and coal deposited in a coastal plain environment encompassing 2 000 t
reen-out rate. The early wellbore screen-out rate was reduced to 12% in a sample of twenty eight wells with the new technique. The averag
eed with successful fracturing activity in the Ryabchyk formation. Introduction Failure to contain fracture height growth during hydraulic frac
cal aspects of fracturing a well cannot be ignored when multiple fractures are created. This is especially true in case of fracturing horizontal
essful stimulation of the well with 20:1 permeability contrast. The last stabilized measurement indicates sustained natural production of 10 0
y thick sedimentary column ranging from 150 to 250 meters with 30 to 80 meters of pay zone from South to North. In Aguada Pichana the
usage contributing to the stimulation being uniformly conveyed across the oil-bearing portion of the reservoir and away from the watered o
well as analyze the cost benefits and production increases that have been observed. Introduction Operating companies are continuously
technology tested by Saudi Aramco proved capable of overcoming most of the challenges associated with horizontal fracturing and effecti
ant selection on performance. Several operators within Russia have already successfully accounted for these phenomena in their fracture d
d processes brought to the project. Current results and impairment issues will also be presented. Field Overview Gandhar is one of ONGC
bonate stimulation in the Volga-Urals basin. Introduction To understand the particularities of hydraulic fracture stimulation it is of extreme
parameters affecting production is the number of layers fractured during a single stage. Stimulating multiple layers in a single stage is not i
ressure is unlikely to be an issue with this completion method. Introduction Perforating cemented casing is the most common method of
lastic zone is undefined. Also they usually are finite element models and cannot be used for the calculation of practical fracture designs be
ctant types can be used for formulating VES fluids including anionic surfactants cationic surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants4.ï¿½The
ated that these formations hold in excess of 10 Tcf of gas and 100 million barrels of oil and/or condensate.ï¿½ In terms of rock type the M
ore of the created fracture would be effective (no polymer damage) less fracture will likely be created (poor transport). Performance compa
of the Greater Burgan area has been producing since 1984 under a combination of rock and fluid expansion drive with low amount of reporte
r boost revenue by increasing production or decrease cost by placing smaller size treatments that would still deliver the same production as
¿½ An integrated analysis approach can provide an improved understanding of the fracture behavior within a field.ï¿½ This improved know
hen used to calculate the borehole trajectory) is done. Commonly monitoring geophonesâ€™ orientation is determined from back-azimuth
art of the Green River Basin as shown in Figure 2. Production is primarily from over-pressured and tight sandstones in the Cretaceous Lan
half length as well as production and profitability.ï¿½ Readers of this paper will be armed with a more realistic view of fracture conductivity
eate lasting conductivity after fracture closure. However conductivity after fracture closure is created by acid only if the fracture face is non
re logging and passive seismic. Wellbore logging is used to obtain an estimate of wellbore fracture height. It combines temperature log imm
n selected for a number of reasons not the least of which is its very short half-life after being irradiated. By the time the logging process is c
ulation campaigns of the Neocomian formation (Fig. 1) in the Yamburgskoe gas condensate field. This crucial process is difficult and time
l in a retrograde gas-condensate sandstone reservoir. The fracture was explicitly modeled as a set of high-conductivity cells. The impact o
tion is elastic and fracture growth is based on linear elastic fracture mechanics. This work provides new insight for fracture propagation in h
the short-term (nearly 3 months production) 2 wells treated with viscoelastic acid showed no difference in production performance compare
mance of fracture treatments. The financial criteria link the well deliverability or well potential (technical limits) to the fracture costs (or total
ey roughly 2 000 ft below the adjacent â€œmesa tops which is an important geomechanical consideration. The surface microseismic data
oseismic-event locations. Additionally microseismic-signal attributes such as the polarization direction of S- (shear-) waves and relative am
n efficient way to control flowback but obviously the requirement in terms of strength depends on the downhole conditions. Introduction Pro
rvoir scenarios. Introduction Previous work by Mack and Elbel1-2 showed that production from a fractured well causes the stresses surrou
merical simulations allowed to investigate the sensitivity of the displacement process to variation of values of the main governing parameters
els that incorporate stress detail moduli width calculation 2D flow proppant tracking and bridging criteria are available to the industry but d
t would still deliver the same production as the larger less effective treatments. It is well documented in the literature that hydraulic fractur
overcome poroelastic behaviour in the Kikeh field. The operation procedure and the result obtained after injecting Viscoelastic fluids at frac
almost 25 m of reservoir missed and (ii) the propagation of the hydraulic fracturing through a 10 m thick shale bed resulting in an unique h
des information about fracture extent and orientation and monitoring fracture intersection with offset wells or boreholes provides growth rate
as much better hence the economic balance could still tip to the acid treatments. The analysis showed that for all assets except one there
s as observed in the experiments and predicted by the correlation is mainly attributed to the impact of the fracture properties and the fluid
that helped base the choice of treatment type and we will describe the lessons learnt during such treatments. In addition as the data-set a
asily circulating out proppant if screen outs occur and more efficient flow back for lower rate wells. Introduction: A tight gas sand exploratio
he critical temperature of the fluid but lower than the maximum temperature extent of its two-phase region. As Fig. 1 shows the gas is extra
result of oil drawdown.ï¿½ In case of horizontal or deviated wells this is often a zonal phenomenon which occurs at a limited amount of per
t or smart wells. Auto gas lift systems can generate significant value by: 1. Increasing oil production rates through the use of a cost-effectiv
ribution standpoint based on available guidelines in the literature gravel packing and frac packing are the preferred sand control technique
f applying low pH solutions. Unconsolidated cores withstood 42 500 kPa/m (1 880 psi/ft) for a long period of time. Emulsions were optimized
gnificant loss of well productivity; water blocking from hydraulic-fracturing operation often limits the advantage of fractures. In addition to liqu
e results achieved. Introduction The Al Khalij offshore oilfield is in the northern part of the Qatar sector of the Arabian Gulf. The oil bear
wells in the Cosmopolitan field can help to improve well productivity. Introduction Horizontal wells have been used in recent years to develo
en in production since 1977. The Northwest Fault Block originally containing 1.0 Billion STB of oil is a structurally complex area bounded b
eld proven system greatly increases the effectiveness of fracturing operations by segmenting the lateral and producing mechanical isolation
d proven system greatly increases the effectiveness of fracturing operations by segmenting the lateral and producing mechanical isolation p
p on well productivity are discussed in this paper. Overall results of the interventions will be shown and a complete solution for bringing new
p on well productivity are discussed in this paper. Overall results of the interventions will be shown and a complete solution for bringing new
ances ushered in the horizontal-multilateral-well" age conventional cemented liners remained the accepted default completion in the 1990s
ers and to confirm the justification for smart completions. Because the initial kickoff and cleanup are highly transient processes (Mantecon
owlines and/or facilities. To determine the conditions of temperature and pressure under which hydrates can form the best approach is to
ction This study was carried out in the Santa Barbara Field which is located in the eastern basin of Venezuela. The field is operated by PDV
e directly through steady-state DTS data. The study has also led to an observation that under certain circumstances such as multiphase flo
h downhole flow control and monitoring is shifting this paradigm. It is widely recognized that real-time downhole flow control and measure
ht with an average API of 42ï¿½ and a solution GOR (Gas-Oil-Ratio) of 750 SCF/STB. The presence of a large overlying gas cap and a re
e wells and have improved production allocation. This paper demonstrates how these surveillance data have been used to improve reservo
w to model the performance of ICDs over the wellâ€™s life will be provided. This technique can thus be used as part of the value quantifica
ere then evaluated while the well was drilled and used to refine the final simulation model prior to completion installation in the ground. The
d reservoir geometries with a variety of reservoir drive mechanisms. Results from this study highlight the importance of correct ICV placem
the intelligent well completions was easily justified when compared to extremely high cost and risk of intervention in sub-sea wells. Today
re is also the opportunity for other wells to supply extra oil production capacity when a (single) well is choked. The results from this study
wlines manifolds risers separators etc). That will allow the asset to reach and maintain production at the plateau production rate close to
egies enhance production and mitigate reservoir uncertainty they may not deliver the optimum possible solution. Proactive control techniqu
ss. Many laboratory-scaled hydraulic fracturing tests on physical models have been conducted1-6 where limited consideration of scaling di
ss. Many laboratory-scaled hydraulic fracturing tests on physical models have been conducted1-6 where limited consideration of scaling di
y trapping a large part of the gas. Moreover the foam reduces the liquid mobility by reducing the gas mobility in flowing fraction of foam [8]
es on macroscopic modeling. Although many works have been devoted to foam the study of the effect of core media heterogeneity has bee
btain in the laboratory. Recently Zitha10 11 proposed a stochastic bubble population (SBP) model based on the following main postulates: (
etermination of the minimum critical gas velocity for a well. Background The calculation of critical velocity is frequently used by the operato
tudy of completion inflow analysis and wellbore dynamic simulation provides a unique approach for solving liquid load-up and for providing
ells such as flow around a stinger drill pipe tool or coiled tubing string. Introduction When there is sufficient reservoir energy and gas wells
m mature gas assets. Basics Of Liquid Loading Liquid Loading in gas wells is defined as the inability of a well to lift the fluids associated wi
the modified Turner equation predicts the observed loading points within 20% accuracy. Introduction Liquid loading that is the process wh
orld gas supply and demand. A distinguishing characteristic of North American land-based gas production is the large number of low rate w
serves recovery. Introduction Gas assets in the southern North Sea region are becoming increasingly mature. The wells are completed wi
r hydrocarbon condensate. As the well production declines there is a flow regime transition from mist/annular flow to slug flow and then ult
ps again below some critical point.5 b)ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Foaming Agents: Use of surfactants such as detergents (e.g. soap) to reduce th
a[2] applied nodal analysis to the plunger lift design for oil well with Foss and Goalâ€™s plunger performance charts in 1972. In 1982 Lea[
prices and casing-size availability led to a re-evaluation of the typical well setup. Smaller casing sizes that were readily available would elim
ervals isolated by packers and injection from acid jetting tools. Effective stimulation requires that a sufficient acid volume be placed in all de
rediction of sand production have been discussed in the literature. The range includes analog studies log-based predictions core studies a
s designing the injection and production test for multi-layer reservoirs and water or gas coning studies. Introduction These Deepwater turbi
ulate a completion strategy to minimize sand production for the life of the field. The completion strategy optimizes the production using ESPs
carbonate reservoir is to create wormholes that extend the effective wellbore drainage area1 2.ï¿½ There have been many laboratory studie
m that runs parallel to the northeast-southwest El Bourma regional fault and a second system having a northwest-southeast direction. Thes
e gun activation where as the drop ball mechanism in the past was found to have some operational difficulties. Lastly this paper also menti
n represented more than a two-fold productivity increase compared with the target reservoir average well production. These results demons
™s in their current configuration is possible if the formation properties are similar to Cold Lake. Potential adverse impact of skin damage un
erforation employing multiple wireline runs could not achieve these low skin values over this wide range of permeabilities. Background Be
ng has contributed to technology stagnation sub-optimal well performance poor decision making in the area of sandface completions and
FP is aligned with the maximum formation stress minimizing the forces that act to close the fracture. Other advantages include lower inject
FP is aligned with the maximum formation stress minimizing the forces that act to close the fracture. Other advantages include lower inject
hich are located offshore are matrix stimulated with acid prior to production. The matrix acid stimulation is carried out using a barge outfitte
herence to industry accepted best practices with constant communication. Introduction El Trapial Field was discovered in 1991. It is part o
/d providing well capacity that met or exceeded expectations.ï¿½ The propellant-assisted perforating technique applied in three subsea w
/d providing well capacity that met or exceeded expectations.ï¿½ The propellant-assisted perforating technique applied in three subsea w
new solutions are applied to an integrated interpretation workflow to invert the skin variation as well as other formation parameters from pre
s in South China Sea. Previous perforating techniques on these oil gas producers and water injectors did not produce to their full potential.
o drop and later quit due to sand accumulation and plugging. After an unsuccessful sand cleanout the proposed remedial action was to ad
ires use of more powerful shaped charges or higher shot density of shaped charges which consequently inflicts more damage to the perfor
by the violent jet penetration event. For maximized penetration depth it is well known that increasing liner material density optimizing the c
pull and kill technique. Additional wells perforated using this technique show similar higher than expected results. This paper reviews the j
This is due to precipitation of barium / strontium sulphate from the mixture of both waters and the consequent permeability reduction The Ba
g productivity impairment has been widely reported for North Sea Gulf of Mexico and Persian Gulf fields[3 4]. Produced water re-injectio
ater quality parameters[3-4] has been qualitatively discussed in some detail in the past.ï¿½ However this paper will confine discussions to
eted with conventional completion consisting of one packer 4- 1/2 tailpipe and 7" tubing and PDHMS. To reduce the WC the well was prod
e multiple challenges will be presented in this paper. Introduction With an area of 141 km2 (34 842 acres) and OOIP of around 3 800 million
e first production from three gas wells occurred in November 2003 transported via a 25-km multiphase gas pipeline at 70-bar backpressure
ns will also be summarized. Introduction Sarawak Shellâ€™s Shallow Clastics field consists primarily of two shallow gas-bearing reservoir
erational practices that resulted in zero to negative skin completions across long perforated intervals that continue to produce sand free aft
and will discuss revised operational practices that resulted in zero- to negative-skin completions across long perforated intervals which co
TH-34 and workoverâ€™s performed during its life span. It will also discuss the latest achievement deploying Saudiâ€™s first TAML Level
gram has seven wells to date with horizontal displacements ranging from 14 000 to more than 25 000 ft. These horizontal-displacement val
economics. It indicated that oriented perforating can provide favorable economics over frac-packs if critical rock properties and production p
shore Louisiana Gulf of Mexico in 3 850 ft of water (Figure 1). The primary producing interval in both fields consists of an unconsolidated
field consists primarily of two shallow gas-bearing reservoirs H1 and H2 at approximately 2 650 ft TVD. These reservoirs are laterally exte
ing and execution to remove tubing with multiple control lines and fish screens with shunt tubes from close-tolerance casing and procedura
Sand production in various wells in the Niger Delta is often a result of low overburden pressure changes in the mechanical properties of the
evelopment wells. Each of the 5 fields is composed of multiple stacked reservoirs separated by shales. The formation sands are high perm
property. Background A Chevron offshore gas reservoir will have an initial Phase 1 development which would include 2 to 3 6-slot subsea
y have been constructed with gravel packing techniques (Marques et al 2007) and different technological implementations allowed overcom
ntaining a chelating agent and an enzyme to dissolve the filter cake formed by the drilling mud.ï¿½ Use of enzyme breaker and chelating ag
evelopment wells. Each of the 5 fields is composed of multiple stacked reservoirs separated by shales. The formation sands are high perm
ells with open-hole through the reservoir can accomplish high production rates however the well architecture and completion can pose limi
well until the bottom is packed all the way to the toe (called the Alpha Wave) if circulation can be maintained. This part is dominated by set
technology.
pack method using an Alpha- and Beta-wave placement technique was adopted. Although this type of sand-control completion is used qui
These case histories highlight the design methodology and show how with proper calibration the simulator can be an effective design tool a
ucer in the field. This paper details the steps taken through the design and execution stages of the treatment incorporating the lessons lea
the SAS assembly the diffusion of the microemulsion with acid allowed break up and removal of blocking solids from the completion scree
oduction data is presented. Sand-free production has been achieved with reduced drawdown across the sandface and production rates as
d production data is presented. Sand-free production has been achieved with reduced drawdown across the sandface and production rates
consistent with (but do not prove) the model analysis for a 65ï¿½ well with topside and bottomside perforations. However the model sugge
y conditions required to induce sand production were quite extreme and vastly exceed the production scenario for the planned oil wells in th
onomic savings provided by this novel approach will be presented as well as other potential applications for this new product. Introduction/M
valuation is also discussed. Introduction Stag field background and reservoir challenges The Stag field operated by Apache Energy is a
r sand control are rock properties and well dynamics such as Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Youngâ€™s Modulus porosity pro
r sand control are rock properties and well dynamics such as Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) Youngâ€™s Modulus porosity pro
are presented and items for improvement of the completion for thermal wells in the Duri field are discussed in this paper.
man and Mahuva formations). A wide variety of sand lithologies have produced gas since field start-up ranging from clean coarse grained
dressed through water handling and re-injection and whilst an undesirable part of the production stream it is seen as an inevitable compon
clude Total E&P Angola (40% operator) Esso Exploration Angola (Block 17) Ltd (20%) BP Exploration (Angola) Ltd (16.7%) Statoil Ango
which allows higher production rates than conventional techniques but this benefit can be coupled to large expenses caused by for exam
Sanding is a major concern for AGOCO. Sand production can destroy electrical submersible pumps (ESP) erode completion hardware and
mple analyses and the specific rock failure characteristics as defined in the laboratory testing results and subsequent numerical simulations
orous and advanced numerical code. The result of this integration is a sanding analyses tool that uses input parameters such as rock stren
orous and advanced numerical code. The result of this integration is a sanding analyses tool that uses input parameters such as rock stren
of the mechanism and source of sanding rather than premature conclusions based initial and potentially misleading evidence. It also highlig
of the mechanism and source of sanding rather than premature conclusions based initial and potentially misleading evidence. It also highlig
or perforation detachment of sand grains from the failed materials and transportation of the sand grains into the wellbore and to the surface
or perforation detachment of sand grains from the failed materials and transportation of the sand grains into the wellbore and to the surface
Willson 1996; Morita et al. 1996) most of the approaches used for practical applications are on based on the assumption that the onset of sa
Willson 1996; Morita et al. 1996) most of the approaches used for practical applications are on based on the assumption that the onset of sa
an CH4. However during desorption of coal cores CO2 desorbs more rapidly than methane because desorption rate is governed more by
agreed well with the numerical pattern of failure growth upon removal of elements satisfying the sanding criteria. The approach and concept
agreed well with the numerical pattern of failure growth upon removal of elements satisfying the sanding criteria. The approach and concept
hallenge for the Pompano team is to identify and successfully implement unique and creative production enhancement activities. At the fore
voirs (Bianco and Halleck 2001). Poorly consolidated formations are the most common solid producers. Several sand-production prediction
voirs (Bianco and Halleck 2001). Poorly consolidated formations are the most common solid producers. Several sand-production prediction
port during sanding experiments in different types of sandstones. Two different failure behaviors of perforation-sized cavities were identified
ated in Malay Basin South China Sea (Figure 1). The fields with varying volumes of gas in place are to be developed as a group to optimiz
conducted in order to ensure that the scale formed was representative of the field scale.ï¿½ This showed that small variations in brine com
evere formation damage around the wellbore.ï¿½ Introduction The long-term productivity of oil and gas wells is influenced by many factor
kin-factor model provides a clear guide to the shot density perforation orientation and level of perforation damage that is tolerable to creat
e was no need to flow back water injectors. The spent acid in oil and gas wells was lifted from the treated wells in a very short period of time
utilization of resistivity imaging logs. Some examples presented contain information from radioactive tracers and production logs which are
higher contact times with some fluid systems. This suggests that optimal times of acid exposure in acid fracturing treatments exist. ï¿½ï¿½
utilization of resistivity imaging logs. Some examples presented contain information from radioactive tracers and production logs which are
the successful implementation of the technology the experience during the stimulation treatment execution and the excellent post-stimulat
cusses the planning and design processes leading to the successful implementation of the technology the experience during the stimulation
ation and production impairment from inorganic scaling. When acid is injected into the reservoir below the fracturing rate and pressure acid
k and Paleocene sandstone in a high-relief structure over a salt diapir. It was planned for well 23/26a-B1y to be a producing sub-sea oilwel
ase the effective wellbore area. When acid enters the formation with the highest injectivity it creates highly conductive flow channels called
be as long as 800 m at depths varying from 3800 m to 5500 m producing 47ï¿½API oil with an average of 16% hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
ver a 9-month period. Consequently the well was matrix acidized with 28 wt% HCl and responded positively to the treatment. This paper w
be as long as 800 m at depths varying from 3800 m to 5500 m producing 47ï¿½API oil with an average of 16% hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
9 ft measured depth (MD) or 194 ft true vertical depth (TVD) perforated interval on natural flow at approximately 600 barrels oil per day (BO
nce: Developed lessons learnt to increase the success ratio of sandstone stimulations. Introduction Sandstone acidizing is possibility the m
tities of hydrochloric acid and in most of the cases relevant increases in hydrocarbon production are obtained. Because the chemical react
ents. Recommendations are given on what and how laboratory evaluation should be carried out to obtain this information. Introduction Oil
hance production from oil and gas wells by fracturing or acidizing. Also gravel-pack fluids are defined as fluids used to place filtration media
gative skin factors and production ratios that exceeded expectations. Introduction The Caballos formation and reservoir is an asymmetric a
nd fluid is the key to selecting the proper product for a specific treatment. It is the intent of this paper to provide a technical overview of mech
h as foamed visco-elastic surfactants to stable- and super-foams. Introduction Modern fracturing treatments were introduced in Russia by t
r the well restricting the flow of gas. In other words capillary forces trap some of the condensate phase in the pores which causes a reduct
lution of the medium.ï¿½ Porosity was monitored by analysis of the effluent and permeability was monitored by the pressure drop across th
gain has been achieved through progressively optimising pumping procedures. Indication of diversion was observed compared to previous
ication between layers thus the pressure drop across the various layers remains equal. The model includes kinetic adsorption and the app
ur work in selecting restimulation candidates as well as published results of other operators. Application of the correct candidate selection m
heast and northwest. The Waltman-Cave Gulch complex is located on the Waltman Anticline a north-south trending asymmetric fold of Lara
-free viscoelastic surfactant-based fracturing fluid that is compatible with carbon dioxide (CO2). For the two applications referenced on this
heast and northwest. The Waltman-Cave Gulch complex is located on the Waltman Anticline a north-south trending asymmetric fold of Lara
formation deliverability. Fracturing treatments discussed in this paper were urged to prove or disprove the formation potential. Thirty per
d is robust over a wide range of temperature pressure permeability and brine salinity. We have developed a chemical treatment for liquid
er to sustain the reservoir pressure and field production. However water breakthrough becomes an issue as soon as the water flooding was
toring subsurface and surface data in order to control a fluid flood frontâ€™s movement within a reservoir to maximize reserves and reduce
uring A case study will be presented describing the application of the above processes to a choking downhole flow control system being d
uring A case study will be presented describing the application of the above processes to a choking downhole flow control system being d
agation in a synthetic analog of the test well reproduced most of the details of the signals recorded during the tests. Introduction Water inje
e of HW decreases the impact of kr velocity dependency on production. Introduction In last few years many horizontal wells have been dril
olution of the reservoir model. Introduction Discovered in 1998 the presented field is located in the Green Canyon protraction area of the G
(3) cement bond log interpretation. Pressure tests are restricted to localized areas of the casing such as the casing / liner shoe and squeez
(3) cement bond log interpretation. Pressure tests are restricted to localized areas of the casing such as the casing / liner shoe and squeez
on in Shell Asia Pacific region has not been very active compared to other regions. The cause of the relatively low stimulation activity varies
d from a stimulation vessel. This paper will discuss design considerations and operational aspects of the acid treatments performed of thes
y researches have been conducted trying to expand and enhance the knowledge of carbonate matrix acidization. Plenty of mathematical m
increase producing life and minimize failures. Introduction Saudi Aramco discovered the offshore field in 1963 and placed it in natural pro
FPJP. A typical FPJP assembly costs less than $80 000 to install and net oil benefit (NOB) per installation can be hundreds of barrels of oil
er operational methods of confirming the viability of applying artificial lift technology (gas lift) on the jackets were also reviewed with a resolu
his phenomenon is known as â€œLiquid Loading. The accumulated liquid increases bottom hole flowing pressure due to an increase in liqu
ction in 2012. A second phase is slated for commercial start-up before the middle of the next decade which upon completion and full ramp-
ocity head to pressure head. The two are combined to form a Venturi tube. As shown in fig 1 it consist of a tube with a constricted throat tha
cleanup together with a novel procedure for identifying the time when the near wellbore region is sufficiently clean. 1.0 Introduction Forma
ated in the Timor Sea and straddles the Joint Petroleum Development Area JPDA. The Production Sharing Contracts PSCs 03-12 and 03
ork-over linked with rig and service equipment availability/mobilization because of extreme remoteness of the location (rig not scheduled in t
situation is another attractive application of IWC. To underscore IWCâ€™s importance various papers have appeared in the literature des
ed sand control techniques.4 5 As of mid 2006 approximately 50 high-rate gas wells were completed in these six fields with 10 cased and
d large drilling of horizontal wells as an element of the field development system ensures increase of recoverable reserves enhances produ
ï¿½ fault (north-south) and yet another northeast-southwest fault seal the accumulation through the contact with the same shales of Morro
Completion with 6 layers is presented in detail and an overview of all installations to date. Introduction The US and Canada tight gas mark
chanical properties and stresses were calculated. The unconfined compressive strength (approximately 200 to 300 psi) values demonstrate
al wells useful to enhance production rates.ï¿½ Even the majors will agree that prevention based on experience and sound engineering pra
d volume of the inhibitor solution is pumped into the formation and followed by injecting another volume of brine or diesel to place the inhibit
oduction systems analysis models generally assume that steady flow conditions exist in the wellbore.ï¿½ This in turn generally requires that
oduction systems analysis models generally assume that steady flow conditions exist in the wellbore.ï¿½ This in turn generally requires that
dstone oil field lies 35 km south of Kuwait City near Ahmadi Kuwait and covers a surface area of about 320 square miles. The four main re
dstone oil field lies 35 km south of Kuwait City near Ahmadi Kuwait and covers a surface area of about 320 square miles. The four main re
and refining industries. Similarly it is sufficiently general that it can to be used for real-time optimization of reservoir performance. Each of t
ance and overall reservoir management strategies. As a result of the proof of concept project Increment-3 was developed with MRC ML w
problems that plague waterfloods are poor sweep efficiency and low contact factor. By our convention sweep refers to areal displacement.
mance and on overall reservoir-management strategies. As a result of the proof-of-concept project Increment-3 was developed with MRC/M
ation this can be done directly with downhole flowmeters or more indirectly through â€œsoft sensing (i.e. through interpretation of pressu
ave proved multilateral drilling and completion to be a truly revolutionary and cost-effective solution for the industry.
NE-06 and inhibited diesel based treatments are effective for removing liquid phases that cause a liquid blockage to gas flow. The stimula
st application of the system in the UK sector of the North Sea. The as-completed well had a 4 288 ft (1 307 m) horizontal section. The com
ditional energy required for the reservoir fluids to flow. For the purposes of this paper we will assume that ESPs are the preferred form of a
l hot spots; thus additional cladding of all flow-wetted surfaces and rounding of the outlet corner was required. The Cannonball completion
es need to be guaranteed techniques have been implemented such as using nitrogen to produce the well which gives good results but is v
dity of useful information that inhabits even a moderately sized data set through application of what we consider to be the only truly appro
e narrow window between continuously changing pore-pressure and fracture pressure gradients which is not possible with conventional flui
and low-to-medium flow rate. Owing to its low complexity/low cost slotted-liner completions have been the method of choice in SAGD heav
eenout. Nevertheless the first worldwide field trial of the new technology was successfully implemented. This paper will discuss in detail the
fracture fluids were used to perform the first three fracture stimulations. The first fracture stimulation was performed in 2004 on the CD2-37
fracture fluids were used to perform the first three fracture stimulations. The first fracture stimulation was performed in 2004 on the CD2-37
r documents the relationship between chalk porosity fluid efficiency and treatment design. Introduction The SA field is located in the north
which is in a fairly small confined area and primarily homogeneous versus the productive Bakken in North Dakota which ranges over a large
concentration and fracture fluid gel loading. Combining this solution with the use of advanced HGC materials offers unprecedented results
ul implementation of the technology and the excellent post-stimulation results achieved. Bottomhole pressure gauge data were collected a
mulated. The laboratory testing on large size ISP proppant suspension by degradable fiber in viscous fluids was performed for this project a
were mostly explored onshore and shallow marine environment. The fields straddle along the coastline about 120 kilometers from Bandar S
ives had little effect on clean-up or return permeability on cores above 1 mD. There are several implications of these results for the operato
8; van Eekelen 1982; Warpinski et al. 1982 1998; Teufel and Clark 1984; Thiercelin et al. 1989; Wang and Clifton 1990). Because of these
erval ranged from 25 500 ft â€“ 27 000 ft; and the true vertical depth ranged from 23 800 ft â€“ 26 800 ft. Bottomhole pressure ranged from
wells commercially viable. Reservoir pressure depletion and declining quality of reserves have escalated drilling completion and workover
ederal laws including the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) the Clean Water
condensate flow around a hydraulically fractured well for various fracture length-width ratios and identifies the optimum fracture dimensions
ent encompassing 2 000 to 3 000 ft.ï¿½ The sandstone reservoirs have low permeability and limited areal extent and beds do not correlate
ew technique. The average production rate increased from 2 to 135 BOPD whereas the average estimated after-treatment production was
owth during hydraulic fracturing treatments often renders uneconomical results which drastically alter pay-out time overall hydrocarbon reco
se of fracturing horizontal wells. Although unstimulated horizontal wells have been very successful in naturally fractured reservoirs and in r
natural production of 10 000 bopd which is five times the field average and three times greater than the best well in the field without requirin
h. In Aguada Pichana the reservoir level being produced is composed of sandstones deposited in a fluvio-tidal to littoral environment char
d away from the watered out intervals. A description of the well candidate selection process formation damage identification and the reme
mpanies are continuously pushing to improve hydrocarbon recovery a task that is becoming more and more difficult as they are pushed to d
ntal fracturing and effective stimulation of the long horizontal section was achieved. Through this technology multiple mechanical isolation
nomena in their fracture designs and new field examples are explored analyzed and presented in the paper. Recent field results are prese
Gandhar is one of ONGCâ€™s major onshore brownfields discovered in 1983. It is located in the state of Gujarat on the western part of In
imulation it is of extreme importance to understand the difference in the geological setting and the overall diversity in comparison to Wester
s in a single stage is not ideal since layers with lower fracture gradients may take more of the treatment than planned leaving the higher pr
most common method of completing vertical wells in multiple layer tight gas reservoirs. Jetting is another method replacing perforating wi
ctical fracture designs because of time limitations. This work is only the first step toward practical hydraulic fracturing design in soft rock fo
onic surfactants4.ï¿½The new VES fluid presented here utilizes a specially formulated zwitterionic surfactant that creates stable micelles
terms of rock type the Morrow Sands can be broadly classified in 2 groups that are mostly comprised of ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ (1) a
port). Performance comparisons of Cotton Valley wells fracture stimulated with water and cross-linked gel indicate that water fracs in additio
with low amount of reported water production. Lack of adequate aquifer support has caused field reservoir pressures to decline from an init
er the same production as the larger less effective treatments. It is well documented in the literature that hydraulic fractures often underper
.ï¿½ This improved knowledge of the fracture system can lead to optimum completion designs and well spacing.ï¿½ These changes can th
mined from back-azimuths of P waves generated by the perforation shots located in the treatment well assuming isotropy and lateral homog
es in the Cretaceous Lance Formation. The Lance formation in Jonah Field is composed of a stacked sequence of 20 to 50 fluvial channel
w of fracture conductivity and fluid flow within propped fractures which when incorporated into fracture designs will yield more optimal fract
if the fracture face is nonuniformly etched by the acid so that parts of the fracture face that have not been etched deeply serve as pillars to
bines temperature log immediately after Minifrac or after Frac and Cased Hole Sonic Anisotropy (CHSA) which can be run at any time after
e the logging process is complete and the well is ready to be placed in production the additive will no longer emit a detectable level of radia
rocess is difficult and time consuming. In this case it was further complicated because the main pool of preselected candidate wells includ
ctivity cells. The impact of condensate dropout was modeled in both the reservoir and the proppant pack. To model the pressure drop in th
r fracture propagation in highly permeable sandstones and allows us to understand some previously unexplained field and laboratory obser
tion performance compared to their offset wells. Introduction Saudi Aramco has embarked on an aggressive program to develop its gas fie
he fracture costs (or total well costs or OPEX). Optimization is achieved by Net Present Value maximization and by generating an incremen
urface microseismic data were of sufficient quality to enable successful interpretations of hydraulic fracture geometries. The hydraulic fractu
r-) waves and relative amplitudes of the P- and S-waves also can be used to deduce the orientation of the fracture plane associated with e
nditions. Introduction Proppant flowback is a term used to describe the phenomenon of proppant being produced out of a hydraulically cre
auses the stresses surrounding the fracture to decrease over time as the reservoir depletes and this decrease is greater in the direction pa
main governing parameters. Taking into account non-linear effects in fluids displacement allowed to explain new experimental results on the
able to the industry but do need extensive set of accurate parameters. These models will be greatly enhanced by calibration from direct me
ture that hydraulic fractures often underperform: Frac and Pack completions exhibit positive skin values 4 5 and traditional hydraulic fractu
g Viscoelastic fluids at fracturing rates are discussed in this paper. This paper also describes the evaluation of skin after each injectivity test
d resulting in an unique hydraulic fracture covering two different reservoirs. Also the minimal horizontal stress directions were evaluated on
oles provides growth rate data that can be used to obtain the ultimate extent.7 9 One common feature which was observed in all of mappin
ll assets except one there is a significant difference in the performance of acid fractured wells and propped fractured wells over time. Indica
e properties and the fluid flowing in the fractures. Introduction Gas condensate flow around hydraulically fractured wells (HFWs) in gas con
addition as the data-set available for this acid-fracturing treatment is unusually comprehensive with image logs production profiles pre and
A tight gas sand exploration and development program has been on going for several years in Chuanzhong Block Sichuan Basin China. Th
. 1 shows the gas is extracted the pressure declines isothermally and at the dewpoint the first droplets of liquid formed from the heavier h
at a limited amount of perforations and is referred to as â€˜crestingâ€™ (Figure 1). At a certain moment in the production life of a gas con
h the use of a cost-effective artificial lift system. 2. Mitigating the effects of high water-cut in both well production and start-up. 3. Maintaining
ed sand control techniques.4 5 As of mid 2006 approximately 50 high-rate gas wells were completed in these six fields with 10 cased and
Emulsions were optimized to seal cores with different permeabilities for the purpose of field application. A novel cost-effective sealant that
ractures. In addition to liquid blocking the increased pressure drop caused by inertial effects at high gas velocity in both low-permeability a
rabian Gulf. The oil bearing Mishrif reservoir is a stratigraphic trap in the upper Cenomanian limestone. Laid down with several repeating
in recent years to develop oil and gas fields in many applications more efficiently than conventional vertical wells. The significant difference
y complex area bounded by faults on three sides and reservoir heterogeneity of fractures high permeability streaks layered reservoir and g
cing mechanical isolation points in the wellbore using the high performance open-hole packers. The system allows precision placement of f
cing mechanical isolation points in the wellbore using the high performance open-hole packers. The system allows precision placement of fr
solution for bringing new openhole horizontal wells into production will be proposed. Introduction The Tambora field lies in the swamp env
solution for bringing new openhole horizontal wells into production will be proposed. Introduction The Tambora field lies in the swamp env
t completion in the 1990s. In 2000 the Colville River field often referred to as the Alpine field was developed without conventional wellbor
ent processes (Mantecon et al. 2004) a transient multiphase-flow simulator was used for modelling. The wells were simulated from initial sta
m the best approach is to conduct experimental measurements on the appropriate hydrocarbon/water mixture. However this is not always p
e field is operated by PDVSA and was discovered in 1988 at 15 800 feet TVDSS the original pressure was 12 800 psia at the same depth.
es such as multiphase flow a production profile may be determined through DTS temperature measurement with extra data or information
flow control and measurement is critical for production optimization in complex intelligent completions and in dual and multilateral wells. App
overlying gas cap and a relatively weak aquifer dictated the use of horizontal completions to minimize the potential for early gas breakthroug
n used to improve reservoir management and decision making. Introduction The Na Kika development is located in the Mississippi Canyon
art of the value quantification process for both the evaluation of completion options and for their detailed design. 1 Introduction Horizontal a
llation in the ground. The ICD completion architecture was successfully installed in consolidated sandstone and non-consolidated formation
nce of correct ICV placement. The results can be used as a screening and decision making tool for deciding on the optimum number of th
in sub-sea wells. Today intelligent well completions are being used onshore and offshore to manage and optimize production improve rec
he results from this study can be used to screen for scenarios suitable for â€œProactive Control increasing the range of Intelligent Well Te
u production rate close to the maximum design rate of the separators for a longer period of time. Then the challenge for the operators is bec
Proactive control techniques which additionally incorporate data from downhole reservoir-imaging sensors may yield near-optimal gains. I
onsideration of scaling differences was given in the design and interpretation of results. Often these tests have shown rather unpredictable
onsideration of scaling differences was given in the design and interpretation of results. Often these tests have shown rather unpredictable
owing fraction of foam [8]. Foams have been also used to improve the oil recovery of some fields [9-11]. The success of a foam application
dia heterogeneity has been minimal. A variety of methods have been proposed for modeling of foam flow and displacement in porous med
llowing main postulates: (a) foam rheology is described by the Herschel-Bulkley12 model i.e. below the yield stress it does not flow and ab
ently used by the operators of natural gas wells to determine the gas production rate required to prevent liquids from accumulating in the w
oad-up and for providing mitigation measurements. Background A Chevron subsea field was drilled with a dual-lateral well using the Wea
voir energy and gas wells can be produced at medium to high rates co-production of liquids is seldom a problem even at high liquid to gas
ft the fluids associated with gas production to surface. These fluids can be the result of the reservoir pressure dropping below dew point th
ng that is the process when the gas is no longer able to lift liquid to the surface is a major limiting production factor for maturing gas wells.
arge number of low rate wells. For example in the continental United States the majority of gas wells produce less than 100 Mscfd. Figure
he wells are completed with â€“ compared to North American gas wells â€“ fairly big tubing diameters (typically 4.5 in North Sea gas wells c
w to slug flow and then ultimately bubble flow. The overall result is an increase in back-pressure on the reservoir and a reduction in gas pro
s (e.g. soap) to reduce the Interfacial tension between fluids by creating foam which let the gas to go through more easily. This method use
arts in 1972. In 1982 Lea[3] developed the first dynamic plunger lift model and built the liquid accumulation equations. Later in 1988 Avery
eadily available would eliminate the drilling downturn when and where the typical 7-in. casing size was in short supply. Additionally smaller
volume be placed in all desired zones. The model presented here is aimed at predicting the acid distribution and subsequent stimulation for
predictions core studies and integrated core/log /failure simulation studies (Morita N. 1994 Bennett et al. 2000). Most commonly the pre
n These Deepwater turbiditeshallow marine to lower coastal plain reservoirs are composed of interbedded porous/permeable sands with va
he production using ESPs while minimizing sand production. Introduction Sand production is a major problem in many oil and gas reservoi
en many laboratory studies on wormhole propagation influenced by fluid-rock interaction chemistry3 and treatment design (volume concen
-southeast direction. These systems were probably generated during the Ercynian phase and were reactivated during the Mesozoic period
stly this paper also mentions the proper selection of zonal isolation method that can withstand the wellbore condition providing adequate is
on. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique under borderline conditions and promote its application in similar scenari
impact of skin damage under Peace River conditions could invalidate our conclusions; this should be confirmed by the testing of LEPs in th
eabilities. Background Because the HZ fields consist mostly of stacked thin sandstones sufficient single-well productivity can be achieved
ndface completions and undue belief in the value of allegedly performance-enhancing perforating services. The work also brought into foc
tages include lower injection pressures to break the fracturing job minimized screen-out effects limitation of micro-annulus effects and the
tages include lower injection pressures to break the fracturing job minimized screen-out effects limitation of micro-annulus effects and the
out using a barge outfitted for this purpose. Due to the barge logistics and the drilling program some wells have to wait some time after dril
vered in 1991. It is part of a nearâ€“shore shallow marine environment. It is situated in the Neuquen Basin (Fig. 1) in the Northeast quadra
applied in three subsea wells in heavily karstified carbonate reservoirs has proven that this technique can offer a highly effective stimulatio
applied in three subsea wells in heavily karstified carbonate reservoirs has proven that this technique can offer a highly effective stimulatio
ation parameters from pressure measurements. A field example where both the skin and flow rate vary demonstrates a successful applica
duce to their full potential. Studies indicated that the main cause for the high skins was the perforation damage and/or the overbalanced con
emedial action was to add 40 ft of additional perforations shallower in the target reservoir to provide access for the desired injection rates fo
more damage to the perforator carrier or gun. Examples of serious damages are overswollen guns and split guns. It is true that all guns will s
l density optimizing the charge geometry to yield a jet of optimal velocity profile and enhancing manufacturing precision are critical [1]. How
This paper reviews the job design criteria job execution requirements and an evaluation of the results for several wells in this field. Total j
meability reduction The Ba/SrSO4 scaling is a chronicle disaster in waterflood projects with incompatible injected and formation waters. This
Produced water re-injection (PWRI) involves injection of some additional water in order to fulfil the injection-production volumetric balance. I
will confine discussions to fracture propagation and its impact on well injectivity under conditions of produced water reinjection in permeab
he WC the well was produced at high rates (Fig.5). After one year of production the well was worked over the conventional completion wa
IP of around 3 800 million barrels(1) the giant Albacora Leste field is the 4th biggest field in Campos Basin. The field was discovered in 19
e at 70-bar backpressure to a processing platform (AMDP06). Three oil rims in the Egret field were confirmed by an appraisal well in Q4 20
low gas-bearing reservoirs H1 and H2 at approximately 2 650 ft TVD. These reservoirs are laterally extensive covering an area of 200 sq
e to produce sand free after extreme reservoir depletion. Introduction The Magnolia field contains Pleistocene and Pliocene deepwater turb
orated intervals which continue to produce sand-free after extreme reservoir depletion."
diâ€™s first TAML Level 3 multilateral completion of a tri-lateral well. Well History â€“ Introduction HWTH Well No. 34 was drilled to a tota
orizontal-displacement values far exceed the ï¿½11 000-ft true vertical depth (TVD) of these wells. Fig. 1 summarizes the directional data fo
operties and production plans are defined and understood. Introduction The West Seno Field is located 28 miles offshore East Kalimantan
sts of an unconsolidated turbidite amalgamated sheet sand with evidence of pressure communication through the hydrocarbon leg. Aquifer
eservoirs are laterally extensive covering an area of 200 km2 with an estimated gas ï¿½in place (GIP) in excess of 2 Tcf. The reservoirs ar
nce casing and procedural revisions developed to successfully frac-pack the subsequent Magnolia reservoirs.
chanical properties of the reservoir or poor completion methods. These factors lead to sand production and wellbore instability. Staticâ€™s
ation sands are high permeability (Kaverage between 800 to 1500md) with low viscosity oil (0.5 to 0.8 cP). GOR ranges from 700 to 1100 s
clude 2 to 3 6-slot subsea manifolds with 3 to 5 large bore development wells per manifold. Phase 2 would add a second 6-slot manifold an
entations allowed overcoming hydraulic issues in narrow operational window scenarios. Meanwhile optimization of reservoir management pr
breaker and chelating agent used in the clean up fluid helps to promote the dissolution of starch and calcium carbonate components used
ation sands are high permeability (Kaverage between 800 to 1500md) with low viscosity oil (0.5 to 0.8 cP). GOR ranges from 700 to 1100 s
completion can pose limitations for the application of the most common effective and reliable sand control completion: gravel packing. Un
s part is dominated by settling of the gravel up to an equilibrium height which is controlled by the circulation rate with higher rates leading to
ol completion is used quite extensively world wide and the technology is considered well proven documented data regarding its applicatio
e an effective design tool and significantly increase the success rate of gravel-pack jobs in horizontal wells.
orporating the lessons learned from two previous applications of the OB carrier fluid. A detailed description of the yard tests conducted in N
rom the completion screens and filter cake residues from the wellbore walls allowing full production. Introduction The Rosa field was disco
e and production rates as high as 5 000 BOPD. Introduction Sand production is a major problem which has plagued the petroleum industry
ace and production rates as high as 5 000 BOPD. Introduction Sand production is a major problem which has plagued the petroleum indu
owever the model suggests the perfs would have been unstable if they had been unoriented phased perfs. The high-angle well in X-1 w
the planned oil wells in the field. However the cell geometry boundary conditions and stress field in these experiments are not truly repres
ew product. Introduction/Motivation Offshore completions in the Gulf of Mexico must typically address sand control. The industry has made
d by Apache Energy is a reservoir within the M. Australis formation at 2230 ft TVD subsea. The average reservoir pressure is currently aro
™s Modulus porosity production rate and drawdown. Sand production can lead to facility upsets erosion of tubulars production decline a
™s Modulus porosity production rate and drawdown. Sand production can lead to facility upsets erosion of tubulars production decline a
rom clean coarse grained sands to argillaceous highly bioturbated medium to fine grained sands. Current production is entirely from the u
as an inevitable component for the continued production of hydrocarbons in many fields. For these production components co-production
Ltd (16.7%) Statoil Angola Block 17 A.S (13.3%) and Norsk Hydro (10%). High productivity provided with horizontal drains allows to signi
nses caused by for example the sand separation and disposal costs. The typical production history of a CHOPS well is a large initial san
completion hardware and surface equipment and block flowlines and trunklines. It can also lead to casing failure or borehole collapse. In a
ent numerical simulations of sanding behavior we are able to identify the most viable well construction and completion design for achieving
meters such as rock strength geostresses and particle size to: account for plasticity effects that modify the strength behaviour of sands s
meters such as rock strength geostresses and particle size to: account for plasticity effects that modify the strength behaviour of sands s
ng evidence. It also highlighted how the integration of information from different sources and disciplines were able to correctly identify and a
ng evidence. It also highlighted how the integration of information from different sources and disciplines were able to correctly identify and a
wellbore and to the surface. It costs oil companies tens of billions of U.S. dollars annually (Acock et al. 2004). Increase in water production i
wellbore and to the surface. It costs oil companies tens of billions of U.S. dollars annually (Acock et al. 2004). Increase in water production i
mption that the onset of sand production is represented by the failure of the perforation-tunnel wall which is generally determined using the
mption that the onset of sand production is represented by the failure of the perforation-tunnel wall which is generally determined using the
rate is governed more by diffusion than by sorption affinity and CO2 has much higher effective diffusivity in microporous coals than CH4. T
he approach and concepts used are considered suitable for application to field problems involving horizontal wells. Introduction A significa
he approach and concepts used are considered suitable for application to field problems involving horizontal wells. Introduction A significa
ment activities. At the forefront of this search is a rigorous effort to revisit and recover production from shut in wells. Well Histories This inte
and-production prediction methods have been proposed using geotechnical models. Existing models can effectively predict the onset of sa
and-production prediction methods have been proposed using geotechnical models. Existing models can effectively predict the onset of sa
ed cavities were identified in these experiments. These failure patterns resulted in very different shapes of the failed zones and during the
ped as a group to optimize development cost and achieve economy of scale. The development plan includes extended reach wells and th
mall variations in brine composition can have a relatively significant impact on the type of scale formed in the laboratory tests and more sign
nfluenced by many factors. Among these factors are petrophysical properties fluid properties degree of formation damage and/or stimulati
e that is tolerable to create high-productivity perforated completions in horizontal wells. Introduction A skin factor can be used to mathema
a very short period of time. Finally wells treated with surfactant-based acid systems showed sustained performance for longer times than th
production logs which are fundamental to understanding how good zonal coverage was achieved using different techniques. Additionally pr
treatments exist. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 2. There were large differences in the conductivity created with the three acid
production logs which are fundamental to understanding how good zonal coverage was achieved using different techniques. Additionally pr
he excellent post-stimulation results. A production logs was run in the acid fractured well to ascertain the effectiveness of the technology. T
ence during the stimulation treatment execution and the excellent post-stimulation results. Bottomhole pressure gauge data and production
ng rate and pressure acid will typically enter the region with the highest permeability. Proper diversion is required to direct the treatment flu
producing sub-sea oilwell drilled on the east flank of the Machar field (Fig. 1). The reservoir target for the well was the Tor chalk (Fig. 2 and
ctive flow channels called wormholes by dissolving the carbonate-containing minerals. Consequently the injectivity will be further increase
hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the gas with 11 600-psi reservoir pressure and an average temperature of 118ï¿½C. Producing media varies f
e treatment. This paper will discuss major reactions that occurred during these treatments and how they impacted well response. Lessons
hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the gas with 11 600-psi reservoir pressure and an average temperature of 118ï¿½C. Producing media varies f
600 barrels oil per day (BOPD) with a productivity index (PI) of 2 bbl/D/psi good reservoir quality and a negative post-acid skin value (s~ -
cidizing is possibility the most complicated stimulation method as it involves complex chemical reactions in the near wellbore matrix1 2 3 4 1
ecause the chemical reactions involved are simple the results are almost guaranteed even when using acid systems with a minimal amount
rmation. Introduction Oil and gas companies are developing carbonate reservoirs of deeper and deeper depths in order to meet the deman
ed to place filtration media to control formation sand production from oil and gas wells. The objective of this document which is based on th
servoir is an asymmetric anticline with an orientation of N-NE to S-SW with two domes separated by a fault as shown in Fig 1. The field has
echnical overview of mechanical and chemical diverters used in the oil industry.ï¿½ The various mechanisms by which these chemicals to a
introduced in Russia by the end of 90-s. In the following years proppant fracturing became a common completion method for newly drilled
es which causes a reduction in the relative permeability of both the gas and condensate. A wellestablished example of condensate blocking
e pressure drop across the cores. The second set involved determining the acid breakthrough curves for each of the carbonate types usin
ed compared to previous practices. Stimulation cost is less than that of using coiled tubing. Background In Malaysia under the Production
c adsorption and the application of resistance factors based on a polymer adsorption threshold which are not normally available in other m
rect candidate selection methodology to a particular field type will inevitably lead to a higher success rate of restimulation walkovers and the
ng asymmetric fold of Laramide age. The fold is bound on the west by a high angle reverse fault. The complex produces from three geologic
ations referenced on this paper foam with high foam quality (70% quality) was used where foam quality refers to the percentage ratio of C
ng asymmetric fold of Laramide age. The fold is bound on the west by a high angle reverse fault. The complex produces from three geologic
tion potential. Thirty percent of the wells in this formation were contributing 70% of the total production; increased flow from the rest of the
mical treatment for liquid blocking that shows great potential to increase production from gas condensate wells. Compositional simulations
as the water flooding was started. This is confirmed by the production logging results. Once the water is broken through those high permea
mize reserves and reduce production risks2. The installation of advanced complex completions has added a further dimension to the Rese
ow control system being deployed by several BP Projects. Introduction BPâ€™s portfolio of future opportunities is characterized by comple
ow control system being deployed by several BP Projects. Introduction BPâ€™s portfolio of future opportunities is characterized by comple
s. Introduction Water injectors have become increasingly important in recent years as maturing oil production has come to rely on water in
ontal wells have been drilled around the world. The major purpose of horizontal well is to enhance reservoir contact and thereby enhance w
n protraction area of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) in a water depth of 6 800 ft (Fig. 1). The main reservoir targets consist of stacked oil-bearin
ng / liner shoe and squeeze perforations. Communication tests regarded as the most definitive method of testing behind casing isolation je
ng / liner shoe and squeeze perforations. Communication tests regarded as the most definitive method of testing behind casing isolation je
stimulation activity varies. Major factors that limit the stimulation activity include: Various success rate Fewer non-stimulated wells from w
atments performed of these ERD wells. We will discuss some of the observations made and present lessons learnt from such treatments. In
Plenty of mathematical modeling efforts are intended to bridge the gap between the laboratory scale studies and the field implementation. H
and placed it in natural production from 1966 until 2004. The primary reservoir is hydraulically supported by natural water influx. The field pro
hundreds of barrels of oil per day (BOPD). NOBâ€™s up to 700 BOPD have been seen in some Kuparuk wells by installing a FPJP. FPJP
so reviewed with a resolution to utilize the temporary solution. An estimated production gain of about 1105 BOPD from three wells through
e due to an increase in liquid holdup in the tubing and a height of liquid build-up in the wellbore. The relative permeability of gas and gas mo
completion and full ramp-up is estimated to bring peak production from both phases to 100 000 bpd (15 899 m3/d). Additional phases at Su
ith a constricted throat that produces an increasing velocity accompanied with reduction in pressure followed by a gradual diverging portion
n. 1.0 Introduction Formation damage is one of the major factors controlling actual well productivity1. This is especially true for long horizo
acts PSCs 03-12 and 03-13 in the Timor Gap area are administered jointly by the countries of East Timor and Australia as seen in Figure 1
ion (rig not scheduled in the area before five years after the end of current Total Austral drilling campaign). A Challenging Context Develo
peared in the literature describing instrumentation and control (Robinson and Mathieson 1998; Rundgren et al. 2001; Tourillon et al. 2001) r
fields with 10 cased and perforated (no sand control) 2 standalone screens 8 casedhole frac-packs 9 cased-hole gravel packs and 23 op
reserves enhances production of marginal reserves and improves economics of the hydrocarbon reservoirs which cannot be developed at
he same shales of Morro do Barro Formation (Filho 2005). During the drilling of a pilot well a 187-m free-gas reservoir was initially identifie
nd Canada tight gas market is deploying new methods to efficiently stimulate multiple-layer reservoirs but the most common method remai
0 psi) values demonstrated that in fact it concerned very unconsolidated sand. Using the mechanical properties together with the possibilitie
nd sound engineering practices is better than cure for most sand control problems. A common score card item irrespective of the category
diesel to place the inhibitor further away from the wellbore and allowing it to react with the existing rock. During production following a sque
urn generally requires that a sufficient system outflow rate or fluid velocity exists to continuously transport any wellbore liquids present in the
urn generally requires that a sufficient system outflow rate or fluid velocity exists to continuously transport any wellbore liquids present in the
are miles. The four main reservoir units comprising the Greater Burgan Field complex are the Wara Mauddud Burgan Third Sand and Burg
are miles. The four main reservoir units comprising the Greater Burgan Field complex are the Wara Mauddud Burgan Third Sand and Burg
oir performance. Each of these multi-level processes requires systems operating at appropriate (but different) time-scales over which the di
eveloped with MRC ML wells with SCs.
ers to areal displacement. The contact factor is determined by improper displacement in a direction orthogonal to reservoir strata. These are
as developed with MRC/ML wells with SCs. Modeling was used extensively to illustrate the potential benefits of the incremental expenditur
gh interpretation of pressure and temperature data from surface and downhole sensors in combination with models for pressure and tempe
e to gas flow. The stimulation degree is higher in Mirador than in Berea cores. Some treatments did not show any stimulation degree inste
orizontal section. The completion was designed for a zone with homogeneous permeability. However the as-drilled permeability as shown
are the preferred form of artificial lift. The typical ESP installation employs a single multistage pump driven by an electric motor (called a SES
e Cannonball completion design including the tree was determined to be capable of sustained rates up to a maximum 400 MMcf/D. The th
gives good results but is very expensive. Another technique for consistently delivering commercial production rates is to use an artificial lift
o be the only truly appropriate technique for analyzing time-to-event data: SA. The objective of any SA is to identify variables that influenc
ible with conventional fluids. Those responsible for hydraulic optimization and well control in managed-pressure drilling/UBO where foam is
d of choice in SAGD heavy oil production in multilaterals and in intelligent well systems. Slotted liners provide downhole sand-control max
er will discuss in detail the design execution post-stimulation and the long term results from this first trial. It will also provide conclusions an
ed in 2004 on the CD2-37 well in a poor quality area of the reservoir on the southwestern edge of the field. The next two stimulation candid
ed in 2004 on the CD2-37 well in a poor quality area of the reservoir on the southwestern edge of the field. The next two stimulation candid
ield is located in the northern part of the Danish sector of the North Sea (Mackertich and Goulding 1986). The structure is an elongated Cre
which ranges over a large geographic area and can be very heterogenic in nature. Fig. 1 shows the geographic extent of the Bakken. The B
rs unprecedented results in regard to fracture-height containment where positive net pressures were obtained the first time. These operatio
ge data were collected and production logs were run to ascertain the effectiveness of the new technology. Results from the conducted pilo
erformed for this project and described in the paper. Western Siberia field and degradable fiber-laden fluid provided a good example of how
kilometers from Bandar Seri Begawan to Kuala Belait. Tali Field (Fig. 1) is a small field which is about 10 sq km in size 2 km from the coast
ese results for the operator. Different flowback additives have a tradeoff of properties and depending on the reservoir selecting one that le
1990). Because of these studies it is now well known that in situ stress contrast is the dominant parameter controlling fracture height grow
ole pressure ranged from 18 807 psi â€“ 19 890 psi and bottomhole temperature ranged from 190 F - 205 F. The other two wellsâ€™ interv
completion and workover costs per unit of gas produced. Many reservoirs that were previously considered marginal are now exploited with
y (EPA) the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the Safe Drinking Water Act. For instance to discharge into surface water in Pennsylvania and W
mum fracture dimensions for a given fracture volume providing maximum mass flow rate. Introduction Optimization of a hydraulic fracture
and beds do not correlate from well to well in the pay section.ï¿½ Wells are completed in up to 12 hydraulic fracturing stages with each stag
reatment production was 130 BOPD for which this technique was considered successful. A shortcoming of the technique for this applicatio
overall hydrocarbon recovery and profitability. Problematic production of water from outside the zone of interest can rarely be reversed. He
ctured reservoirs and in reservoirs with gas- or water-coning problems there are many situations where fracturing a horizontal well to impro
in the field without requiring artificial lift. Background With more than 8% of world reserves Kuwait is blessed with an abundance of oil. How
littoral environment characterized by low to very low permeabilities partly belonging to the Tight Gas Reservoirs category and thus requiri
dentification and the remedial treatment design execution and results is briefly discussed along with the economic impact that such treatm
ult as they are pushed to develop fields in more complex settings and with poorer reservoirs properties. Horizontal wells have been a tool wi
iple mechanical isolation points are created in the wellbore using specially designed multiple open-hole packers and then selected zones o
cent field results are presented for Gazpromneftâ€™s Achimovskoya formation BV8 in the Tomsk region (western Siberia) and BP-TNKâ€™
t on the western part of India. More than 560 wells have been drilled in the field to target 13 major sands including the target sand - the GS
y in comparison to Western Siberia where the majority of hydraulic fracture operations in Russia have been done so far. Therefore the first p
ned leaving the higher pressure layers only partially treated. Figure 1 is an exaggerated illustration of this affect showing a varying degree
replacing perforating with a recent increase in popularity. These tight gas wells are typically stimulated with a proppant-laden fluid. When
ring design in soft rock formations. The model is supposed to be developed and validated against experimental results or field data. Introdu
at creates stable micelles with unusual high-temperature stability.ï¿½Figure 2 presents the fluid rheology as a function of temperature for d
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ (1) a poorly sorted coarse grained to conglomeritic kaolinite-rich quartz and ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ (2) a moderate
that water fracs in addition to being cheaper also perform similarly or nearly so to cross-linked gel fracs (and in some cases better). This pa
res to decline from an initial pressure of 9600 psia to the current average of about 8700 psia over a 15-year period. The reservoir is under
c fractures often underperform: Frac and Pack completions exhibit positive skin values 1 2 and traditional hydraulic fracture completions sho
¿½ These changes can then themselves be evaluated with the aforementioned tools to determine their level of success.ï¿½ This continuou
sotropy and lateral homogeneity of the medium between wells. Thus the orientation of the geophones in the monitoring well is determined
f 20 to 50 fluvial channel sands inter-bedded with associated over-bank siltstone and floodplain shale deposits. Gross interval thickness ran
ill yield more optimal fracture stimulations improved production rates and superior economic returns. Introduction The oil and gas industr
deeply serve as pillars to maintain open flow pathways when the fracture closes. At the scale at which acid-fracture conductivity is measur
n be run at any time after frac. The direct estimate of fracture height is used to validate the result of a calibrated HF simulator using Net Pres
a detectable level of radiation. This paper will describe this technology and its use in some detail. It will also present the results of initial fiel
ed candidate wells included wells that were either never completed after drilling or were shut-in for a long period of time; therefore no rece
del the pressure drop in the reservoir rock with a vertical un-fractured well a set of relative permeability curves and the rock beta factor we
field and laboratory observations.
gram to develop its gas fields. The unassociated gas is being produced from two main reservoirs: J (sandstone) and K (carbonate). Hydraul
y generating an incremental return on investment due to the optimization steps. In this manner we can financially quantify the engineered o
etries. The hydraulic fracture stimulations were emplaced progressively uphole between 5 298 to 3 372 ft measured depth. The deeper stag
e plane associated with each microseism (Zoback and Zinke 2002). Furthermore if the amount of seismic energy radiated in different direc
out of a hydraulically created fracture during treatment cleanup or reservoir production. This is often observed in the field and can frustrate
greater in the direction parallel to the fracture than normal to the fracture. For a low permeability formation having a small contrast between
xperimental results on the pear-shape of fingers and periodical separation of their tip elements from the main body of displacing fluid. The e
calibration from direct measurements of the fracture geometry. DCHSA has proved instrumental in detecting fracture induced anisotropy. F
raditional hydraulic fracture completions show discrepancies between the placed propped length and the effective production fracture leng
n after each injectivity test from pressure transient analysis. Introduction The Kikeh field is located 110 kilometers northwest offshore Saba
ections were evaluated on these five wells. Surprisingly a not unique stress direction was obtained. Introduction Carmï¿½polis and Sirizin
observed in all of mapping experiments cited above is the presence of offsets in the hydraulic fracture path resulting from the interaction be
red wells over time. Indications are that production declines are not only due to depletion but also related to deterioration of the completion
d wells (HFWs) in gas condensate reservoirs has been the subject of investigation for a long time [e.g. Carlson (1995) Settari (1996)]. This
roduction profiles pre and post-frac thermal logs bottom-hole gauges and extended post-frac decline an integrated evaluation of the treatm
Sichuan Basin China. The reservoir is a fluvial deposit which is located in a slight thrust-fault environment with a possible small strike-slip c
formed from the heavier hydrocarbon components appear. A gas-condensate system is also characterized by a liquid-condensation curve
oduction life of a gas coning well the gas-oil-contact will reach the well and a gas breakthrough will occur. Upon breakthrough the well will e
nd start-up. 3. Maintaining tubing-head pressure in subsea wells. 4. Eliminating the capital cost of gas-compression facilities or gas-transpo
fields with 10 cased and perforated (no sand control) 2 standalone screens 8 casedhole frac-packs 9 cased-hole gravel packs and 23 op
ost-effective sealant that uses heavy oil-in-water emulsion to block the near wellbore region has been developed. Emulsion flow behavior a
n both low-permeability and hydraulically fractured reservoirs can also result in low productivity. The focus of this work is on the high-veloc
wn with several repeating phases of deposition and erosion the reservoir typically consists of sequences (20 to 30 ft) each alternating bet
The significant difference in drainage patterns of horizontal wells when compared with vertical wells makes it critical that the formation has
s layered reservoir and gravitational segregation. This area has lower pay Zones 2 and 3 (high quality) which are almost flooded out and a
s precision placement of fracturing fluids to maximize post-fracture productivity of the well. The completion system is run as part of an unce
precision placement of fracturing fluids to maximize post-fracture productivity of the well. The completion system is run as part of an uncem
ield lies in the swamp environment of the upper Mahakam delta six miles south of Badak/Nilam. Tambora is now primarily a gas field altho
ield lies in the swamp environment of the upper Mahakam delta six miles south of Badak/Nilam. Tambora is now primarily a gas field altho
hout conventional wellbore isolation or protection. What key factors contributed to successful development of the Colville River field with ho
e simulated from initial startup until early in their production life which included mud removal and stabilized wellbore flow. In both of the con
wever this is not always practical. Thus the method for predicting hydrate behavior using thermodynamic models is more common. A therm
0 psia at the same depth. The OIP is as big as 8 825 MMSTB and the accumulative liquid production until December 2006 is 800 MMSTB.
extra data or information provided. The types of the extra measurements and the appropriate approaches will be recommended. Introduct
and multilateral wells. Applications include zonal production or injection allocation in multizone completions increased accuracy of injection
for early gas breakthrough while achieving economically-desirable production rates. The field went on production in July 1998. Shaybah G
n the Mississippi Canyon (MC) area in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico USA approximately 140 miles southeast of New Orleans and 60 mile
1 Introduction Horizontal and multilateral wells are becoming a basic well architecture in current field developments. Advances in drilling tec
on-consolidated formations with permeability varying from 250 mD to about 1D. The hydrocarbons viscosities varied from 5 cP 8 cP to 12
he optimum number of the ICV(s) and their placement. 1. Introduction The Application of Intelligent Well Technology is rapidly increasing
e production improve recovery manage water production back allocate production monitor mechanical integrity of the wellbore and reduc
ange of Intelligent Well Technology applications. 1. Introduction The Intelligent Well system Technology (IWsT) has developed out of a n
ge for the operators is becomes to to knowing where the excess production capacity exists in the network at any given time and what contro
eld near-optimal gains. Introduction Intelligent (or smart) wells are equipped with downhole sensors to monitor well and reservoir condition
hown rather unpredictable often â€œwandering and â€œbranching fracture propagation which may have resulted from test conditions unl
hown rather unpredictable often â€œwandering and â€œbranching fracture propagation which may have resulted from test conditions unl
ess of a foam application relies on the properties of rock and the foam itself. These include parameters such as surfactant concentration su
placement in porous media. These models include fractional flow modeling population balance model and percolation models. The foam fr
ss it does not flow and above the yield stress it obeys a power-law (b) foam rheology is mainly controlled by the bubble density and (c) the
om accumulating in the well. Turner24 25 developed a method for calculating critical velocity which has gained wide acceptance and use w
ateral well using the Weatherford Starburst system. The dual-lateral completion schematic is shown in Figure 1. It produces gas and conde
even at high liquid to gas ratioâ€™s (LGR). Although the liquid slips through the gas effectively the gas-liquid mixture tends to behave like
pping below dew point the consequence of fluid coning or the result of aquifer support. Other reasons for fluids in gas wells can be liquid w
or for maturing gas wells. Solutions such as gas lift soap injection velocity string or plunger lift are required to solve this problem. Accurate
ss than 100 Mscfd. Figure 1 shows the well count distribution for a significant portion of United States gas production. The low rates reflect t
5 in North Sea gas wells compared to 2 3/8 in North American wells). This means that North Sea gas wells start to liquid load at significant
and a reduction in gas production which causes the well to die if no intervention is implemented. Liquid loading is not always readily identif
re easily. This method uses consumable material and hence can be operationally expensive.6 c)ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Plunger Lift: Use of pl
ons. Later in 1988 Avery and Evans[4] presented a general dynamic plunger lift model by coupling reservoirâ€™s capability IPR relationsh
ply. Additionally smaller casing would allow smaller-diameter wellbores to be drilled that would reduce drill time cementing and overall we
subsequent stimulation for a variety of placement methods used in long horizontal wells. Eckerfield et al.1 concluded in their work that mov
. Most commonly the predictions are performed with analytical and empirical tools that consider the state of stresses in the formation to det
s/permeable sands with varying percentages of interbedded silt and clay beds. These reservoir sands vary in thickness from millimeter to m
many oil and gas reservoirs worldwide. It can drastically reduce production rates damage downhole/subsea equipment and surface facilitie
nt design (volume concentration and injection rate)4.ï¿½ All the experimental work conducted in the industry inject acid or other reactive flu
ring the Mesozoic period to generate the actual structural setup. The anticlinal oil-bearing structures in this area are elongated in a north-no
ion providing adequate isolation whilst able to be retrieved for future production requirements. The result of those engineering studies man
plication in similar scenarios worldwide. This project shows the importance of production and perforating diagnosis leveraging technology a
y the testing of LEPs in the field. Introduction Studies show that heavy oil constitutes a strategic option for the industry to increase reserve
ductivity can be achieved by either commingling production from multiple sandstones or by a horizontal well. Because of wellbore placeme
work also brought into focus critical issues such as the industryâ€™s dependence on API Section I data - as a result of which we continue
o-annulus effects and the maintenance of casing-to-cement and cement-to-formation bonds. These improvements in combination allow the
o-annulus effects and the maintenance of casing-to-cement and cement-to-formation bonds. These improvements in combination allow the
o wait some time after drilling is completed (months in some cases) before they are acid stimulated and brought on line. ADMA OPCO are
1) in the Northeast quadrant of the Neuquen Province of Argentina. The main reservoir in the El Trapial field is the Lower Troncoso where 5
highly effective stimulation method across the entire perforated interval in such an environment.ï¿½ Additionally its usage eliminates the n
highly effective stimulation method across the entire perforated interval in such an environment.ï¿½ Additionally its usage eliminates the n
rates a successful application of the new solutions and interpretation methodology. The inferred skin variation allows a complete and detaile
d/or the overbalanced condition inducing losses of damaging fluid to the formation. Coiled tubing has been used as a conveyer to perform
e desired injection rates for the well and help increase recovery. Initial attempt to run electric line to TD failed due to inclination of over 77ï¿
t is true that all guns will swell after shaped charges are detonated. However an overswollen gun refers to the swell of the gun that exceed
ecision are critical [1]. However all jet perforators produce a region of significantly damaged formation material surrounding the perforation
l wells in this field. Total job costs will also be evaluated. The result of this novel perforating technique is a new completion strategy for oil fi
and formation waters. This phenomenon is attributed to precipitation of barium/strontium sulphate from the mixture of both waters and the co
ction volumetric balance. In offshore waterflood projects PWRI is complemented by seawater injection. The produced water may contain b
ter reinjection in permeable reservoirs.ï¿½Results of such analyses can provide estimates of filter-cake permeability and thickness as we
onventional completion was pulled out of hole and a smart completion system was run successfully as originally planned."
field was discovered in 1986. However at that time the development of a field challenged by ultra deep water heavy oil and completely un
an appraisal well in Q4 2003. The main objectives of their development were to contribute to the corporate production targets and to maxim
overing an area of 200 sq km with an estimated gas in place (GIP) in excess of 2 Tscf. The reservoirs are comprised of a sequence of highl
d Pliocene deepwater turbidite formations. The B25 reservoir a Pleistocene-aged silt/very fine sand is the largest producing interval in the M
No. 34 was drilled to a total depth of 6 662' and completed on 11-03-1991 as a vertical cased and unperforated oil producer in Unayzah rese
zes the directional data for the Petronius extended-reach program in chronological order of well development and Fig. 2 illustrates the com
offshore East Kalimantan Indonesia in 3 200-feet of water (Figure 1). Structurally the field is an elongated 4-way dipping faulted anticline f
e hydrocarbon leg. Aquifer support does not exist within this sand; instead the primary recovery mechanisms are depletion drive and compa
of 2 Tcf. The reservoirs are made up of a sequence of highly laminated sand and shale deposits with significant sand-size variability and hig
ore instability. Staticâ€™s show that over 60% of the wells in this region were completed with installed IGP usually ranging from 4.5 to 5.5 b
anges from 700 to 1100 scf/stb. Formation Sand Particle Size Distribution Laser Particle Size (LPSA) and sieve analysis was performed on
second 6-slot manifold and 5 additional development wells approximately 12 years after start-up. The Phase 1 wells will provide a design r
reservoir management practices pushed the development of smart completion technology (Pinto et al 2001 and 2006) allowing continuou
bonate components used in the drilling fluid mud.ï¿½ Laboratory test procedures results field case histories and production results are dis
anges from 700 to 1100 scf/stb. Formation Sand Particle Size Distribution Laser Particle Size (LPSA) and sieve analysis was performed on
etion: gravel packing. Until now standard open-hole gravel packing was the most common sand control completion type in a single sand b
with higher rates leading to lower bed heights. In the Alpha/Beta technique the circulation rate is kept constant and the packing proceeds f
ta regarding its application in shallow horizontal gas reservoirs was limited. Nevertheless this technique was considered the best suited to
yard tests conducted in Nigeria and the onsite QA/QC procedures with screen samples are also included. A simple approach is proposed
The Rosa field was discovered in January 1998 with the Rosa 1 well and was appraised with two additional wells at the beginning of year 1
ed the petroleum industry for many years. Every year the petroleum industry spends millions of dollars cleaning sand out of wells repairing
agued the petroleum industry for many years. Every year the petroleum industry spends millions of dollars cleaning sand out of wells repai
high-angle well in X-1 with oriented (topside) perfs is suggested as a way to avoid sanding due to water influx or pressure shocks simpl
ments are not truly representative of the in-situ conditions around a true perforation in a well. In order to translate the sanding results into a
ol. The industry has made significant progress in championing the benefits of frac-packing as a proven method for efficient sand control com
pressure is currently around 415 psia with rock strength (UCS) in the range of 0.12-1.03 MPa. Since the commencing field production in 19
lars production decline and in extreme cases loss of the well. Currently sand control is the primary completion technique in offshore envir
lars production decline and in extreme cases loss of the well. Currently sand control is the primary completion technique in offshore envir
ction is entirely from the upper Mahim sands which are generally coarse grained (d50 300-600Î¼) medium to fairly well sorted (Ucf 2-5 Sc
mponents co-production with the hydrocarbons is accepted practice. Since the earliest days sand has been treated differently by the engin
ntal drains allows to significantly reduce the number of well. It is a full subsea development tied back to spread-moored floating production
S well is a large initial sand influx which gradually decays within a few weeks (as a maximum) to a steady state influx rate. Several mech
or borehole collapse. In addition to the costs associated with lost production workovers and the repair of ESPs surface equipment and p
etion design for achieving a superior well deliverability and productivity for the long term minimizing problems due to unintended solid influx
ngth behaviour of sands surrounding openhole wells and perforations during drawdown to reduce uncertainty and conservatism such as see
ngth behaviour of sands surrounding openhole wells and perforations during drawdown to reduce uncertainty and conservatism such as see
to correctly identify and address a particular borehole fill problem allowing for optimizing field operations field management and workover
to correctly identify and address a particular borehole fill problem allowing for optimizing field operations field management and workover
ease in water production in the late life of oil and gas fields is inevitable be it a result of water injection or water coning. On average oil com
ease in water production in the late life of oil and gas fields is inevitable be it a result of water injection or water coning. On average oil com
ally determined using the thick-wall-cylinder (TWC) strength test.ï¿½ Such an approach is well suited to predicting the maximum depletion i
ally determined using the thick-wall-cylinder (TWC) strength test.ï¿½ Such an approach is well suited to predicting the maximum depletion i
porous coals than CH4. Therefore during canister desorption there is a rapid increase in CO2 concentration in the desorbed gas followed b
. Introduction A significant proportion of the future oil and gas production is expected to come from sand-prone reservoirs many of which
. Introduction A significant proportion of the future oil and gas production is expected to come from sand-prone reservoirs many of which
s. Well Histories This intervention focused on three shut in wells two subsea (TB-03 TB-07) and one dry tree well (A-03). The TB-03 well
ely predict the onset of sand production and analyze cavity stability and rock failure; however there still is room for improvement in predictin
ely predict the onset of sand production and analyze cavity stability and rock failure; however there still is room for improvement in predictin
led zones and during the experiments very different amounts of sand were produced and at different rates. It can be assumed that this beh
ended reach wells and there is considerable concern regarding wellbore stability in drilling the wells its effect on drilling performance and th
ratory tests and more significantly that this did not completely tie up with predictions conducted using commercial thermodynamic models.
n damage and/or stimulation well geometry well completions number of fluid phases and flow-velocity type. To isolate and identify the effe
can be used to mathematically account for any deviations of the flow and pressure field in the near-well vicinity from perfectly radial flow to
ce for longer times than those treated with other acid systems. Introduction Matrix acidizing and fracturing treatments have been used to e
echniques. Additionally production analysis has been conducted to determine the effective fracture half-length and etched conductivity. Fina
reated with the three acid systems tested. At 200ï¿½F the acids viscosified with polymer or surfactants created much higher conductivity th
echniques. Additionally production analysis has been conducted to determine the effective fracture half-length and etched conductivity. Fina
ness of the technology. The results are discussed and compared in the paper with those from offset conventionally acid fractured wells and
uge data and production logs were run on these wells to ascertain the effectiveness of the technology and the results are discussed in the
to direct the treatment fluid into the damaged zone to achieve maximum benefit of the acid stimulation. Another area that employs acid tre
s the Tor chalk (Fig. 2 and Table 1). The Tor chalk is a highly naturally fractured reservoir caused by the uplift created by the rising salt. The
ity will be further increased. The other zones are left untreated by the acid. To overcome this problem a diverting agent is used.ï¿½ Mecha
Producing media varies from natural fractures and fissures to matrix flow with average permeability in the range of 1 md to 10 md. Zona
d well response. Lessons learned and recommendations to improve the results of this new acid system will be given.
Producing media varies from natural fractures and fissures to matrix flow with average permeability in the range of 1 md to 10 md. Zona
post-acid skin value (s~ -4). Well B tested a 180 ft MD/TVD perforated interval with an electric submersible pump (ESP) at stabilized bot
ar wellbore matrix1 2 3 4 10 16 . Unlike carbonate acidizing where the simulation fluids are used to dissolve the rock around the damage ma
ms with a minimal amount of additives. The main question that needs to be answered is if the well was properly stimulated. After the stimula
n order to meet the demand of increasing worldwide energy consumption. Enhancing productivity from these reservoirs poses a challenge in
ment which is based on the ISO 13503-4 is to provide a standard procedure for measuring stimulation and gravel-pack fluid leakoff under s
own in Fig 1. The field has an active aquifer that has maintained the reservoir pressure at around 1 500 psi during the last 20 years. The ma
which these chemicals to achieve acid diversion their application histories and their limitations are presented. This paper provides guideline
n method for newly drilled and already producing wells for almost all reservoirs with every major oil operator in Western Siberia. Even though
ple of condensate blocking and a reduction in productivity of more than a factor of two occurred in the Arun field.1 The degree of condensat
the carbonate types using HCl (hydrochloric acid) as the reacting fluid.ï¿½ The characteristic pore-volume to breakthroughs (PVBT) and th
sia under the Production Sharing Contract (PSC) with Petronas Sarawak Shell Berhad together with its equity partners are under contract
mally available in other models. The model has been verified by comparison with both analytical solutions and Eclipse 100 results and nove
mulation walkovers and the capture of an underexploited resource. Introduction Selection criteria of refracture candidates from a given set o
duces from three geologically distinct accumulations the Waltman (stratigraphic) Cave Gulch (shallow) and Cave Gulch (deep) Figure 2.
the percentage ratio of CO2 over the total foamed fluid volume. With such high qualities the amount of water used is minimized as well as
duces from three geologically distinct accumulations the Waltman (stratigraphic) Cave Gulch (shallow) and Cave Gulch (deep) Figure 2.
ed flow from the rest of the wells would greatly improve the field performance. Field Description The Nurzhanov oil-gasâ€“condensate f
ompositional simulations indicate the economics of this treatment process are likely to be very favorable. Introduction In gas condensate re
hrough those high permeability streaks or natural fractures the oil production rate is dropped dramastically. The formation damage like orga
her dimension to the Reservoir Management process. Such I-completions provide the platform for real-time reservoir monitoring and reservo
s characterized by complex layered reservoirs hundreds of feet thick that require water flood for optimum recovery. In many cases the injec
s characterized by complex layered reservoirs hundreds of feet thick that require water flood for optimum recovery. In many cases the injec
s come to rely on water injection to maintain high rates from reservoirs with low reservoir energy and sand production issues. There are ma
ct and thereby enhance well productivity[1]. Numerous studies have been done to investigate the performance of horizontal well in oil and g
sist of stacked oil-bearing turbidite sands of Miocene age at a depth approximately 9 800 ft below mudline. The field is a large faulted anti
behind casing isolation jeopardize casing integrity are costly and directed at preventing reservoir to reservoir communication. Cement eva
behind casing isolation jeopardize casing integrity are costly and directed at preventing reservoir to reservoir communication. Cement eva
n-stimulated wells from which stimulation candidates could be selected Operational difficulties (as conventional offshore CT operations no
t from such treatments. Introduction Located 60 Km offshore from the Congolese coast the Nâ€™Kossa field was discovered in 1984 and
the field implementation. However crossing from research to the field applications is still dominated by experience rules of thumb and con
l water influx. The field produces Arabian Medium crude with an average oil gravity of 30ï¿½ API and 2.7% sulfur by weight.
y installing a FPJP. FPJP installations are very inexpensive compared to installing a surface powered jet pump (SPJP). FPJP installations
from three wells through gas lift was identified in the field. The total production gain from the simple operation yielded 1540 BOPD.
eability of gas and gas mobility in the near well bore region may also be impaired as a result of increased water saturation. Thus it acts like
). Additional phases at Surmont are also under study.
a gradual diverging portion in which the velocity is transformed back into the pressure with slight friction loss. If tapping are taken from the in
cially true for long horizontal wells that have been drilled and completed overbalance with water-based fluids2 3. Perforating may bypass
stralia as seen in Figure 1. The Bayu-Undan gas recycling project was originally planned to be developed from two platforms with eight - 7
allenging Context Developmental problems to fulfill the above well requirements included: No or few case history for 95/8 completion and
01; Tourillon et al. 2001) reservoir modeling (Ostvik et al. 2001; Borch 2001; Yu et al. 2000; Akram et al. 2001; Nielsen et al. 2001; Jalali 19
ole gravel packs and 23 open-hole gravel packs. These completions are reviewed below with some examples for each in detail. Additional r
h cannot be developed at a profit by vertical completions. Today the use of horizontal completion is widely spread in the Sibneft fields. The
ervoir was initially identified. Perforating other exploratory wells showed a gas/water contact at 1 570 m vertical depth and net pay from 230
st common method remains the same. Most wells are completed with cemented casing. To stimulate the reservoir a plug is set one or mo
ogether with the possibilities for perforation design detailed analysis was performed. The analysis showed that the traditional gun selection
espective of the category of well owner is to deliver best-in class producers that quickly pay back investment capital. Introduction Openhol
roduction following a squeeze treatment the inhibitor is slowly desorbed or dissolved into the formation water. Earlier efforts have focused
bore liquids present in the system to the surface.ï¿½ Gas flow velocities that are insufficient to continuously transport the wellbore liquids to
bore liquids present in the system to the surface.ï¿½ Gas flow velocities that are insufficient to continuously transport the wellbore liquids to
rgan Third Sand and Burgan Fourth Sand (4S). Mauddud reservoir is a thin carbonate reservoir with low permeability and variable fracture
rgan Third Sand and Burgan Fourth Sand (4S). Mauddud reservoir is a thin carbonate reservoir with low permeability and variable fracture
e-scales over which the different types of decisions have to be made. Model Predictive Control (MPC) is our chosen tool for the regulatory c
eservoir strata. These are discussed by Herbeck et al. (1976). Here we use the terms sweep and contact factor to simply distinguish efficie
he incremental expenditure of MRC/ML wells with SCs vs. conventional completions (Afaleg et al. 2005; Mubarak et al. 2007). Several auth
ls for pressure and temperature drop over the wellbore and the valves). All these measurements require occasional calibration based on su
y stimulation degree instead they generate additional gas effective permeability impairment. Introduction The reservoirs of condensate
ed permeability as shown by the logging while drilling (LWD) data had very high permeability regions in the heel of the horizontal and low
lectric motor (called a SESP in this paper). Currently it is technically possible to employ more than one pump/motor set in the tubing string
mum 400 MMcf/D. The three (3) well development where initial rates have been as high as 333 MMcf/D has been on production for sever
s is to use an artificial lift production method like an electrical submersible pump (ESP) to increase the energy of the fluid at the bottom of th
tify variables that influence survival and to predict survival probabilities. This is achieved by finding a suitable statistical model that fits the d
rilling/UBO where foam is used will find this paper useful for practical design applications. Introduction During foam- drilling operations pre
wnhole sand-control maximum inflow and a future contingency for remedial sand control. Previously we presented a model for horizontal w
so provide conclusions and recommendations on the effectiveness of this novel technology and suggest areas of improvement that will help
ext two stimulation candidates selected in late 2004 and performed in 2005 were based on the thickness reservoir quality and â€œskin dam
ext two stimulation candidates selected in late 2004 and performed in 2005 were based on the thickness reservoir quality and â€œskin dam
ucture is an elongated Cretaceous inversion ridge situated on the western margin of the Tail-End graben. The reservoir rock is high-porosity
xtent of the Bakken. The Bakken is organic rich shale which is upper bounded by the dense Lodgepole Limestone and lower bounded by th
e first time. These operational results were confirmed by production measurements where the average water cut is 50% lower compared to
s from the conducted pilot along with production history comparisons with offset producers will be discussed.
ed a good example of how one solution may be applied for various challenges of hydraulic fracturing optimization. This research will presen
size 2 km from the coastline. With unconsolidated and high permeability sand most of the wells here encounter the danger of formation br
voir selecting one that leaves the formation with certain wettability may be advantageous. Our testing indicated that understanding the rese
olling fracture height growth and that Youngâ€™s modulus contrast is less important. When studying different height-containment mechanis
other two wellsâ€™ intervals ranged from 26 000 ft â€“ 27 500 ft measured depth and true vertical depth. Bottomhole pressure ranged from
al are now exploited with an emphasis on maximizing contacted surface area within a single borehole and on minimizing the time to well tie
ater in Pennsylvania and Wyoming the company must do so under a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit or in
ion of a hydraulic fracture geometry provides the maximum productivity/injectivity of a hydraulically fractured well (HFW) with a fixed fractur
ring stages with each stage treating 5-7 sands.ï¿½ Various fluids proppants and pump schedules were introduced into the pilot program w
chnique for this application is the fact that the bottom of the perforated interval is not fractured. High-end frac pack techniques that overcom
can rarely be reversed. Here the operator incurs the additional expense of water disposal and decreased hydrocarbon inflow at the wellbore
g a horizontal well to improve production capability is a viable or necessary option. The orientation of a hydraulic fracture with respect to the
an abundance of oil. However oilfield operators recognize that there are many fields where the recovery of the resources are more challen
category and thus requiring specific stimulations through hydraulic fractures. Aguada Pichana field conditions have changed through its pr
ic impact that such treatments offer to mature oilfields. Background Several mature fields are located offshore the coasts of Cameroon
wells have been a tool widely used to improve both production rates and recovered reserves per wellbore in order to improve the economic
and then selected zones of varying lengths can be individually treated in accordance with reservoir characteristics and production targets. T
Siberia) and BP-TNKâ€™s field near Buzuluk in the Orenburg region (Volga-Urals). The results found here are compared to published resu
g the target sand - the GS-3A. The field has 238 oil wells 67 gas wells 122 water injectors and 18 gas injectors. Till date the field has produ
so far. Therefore the first part of this paper presents a description of the Samara region geology formation properties and characteristics of
showing a varying degree of treatment when multiple layers are fractured in a single stage. The optimized stimulation isolates each layer du
oppant-laden fluid. When numerous productive intervals are present in the same wellbore the wells are usually stimulated in stages. In ea
sults or field data. Introduction It is known from field data that traditional fracture propagation models for brittle linear-elastic rocks often sh
ction of temperature for different levels of surfactant package concentration.ï¿½The surfactant package creates useful rheology within con
¿½ï¿½ï¿½ (2) a moderately sorted fine grained quartz sandstone containing a mixed layer of clay chlorite and illite.ï¿½ Studies have repo
me cases better). This paper details the application of treated water fracs to the East Texas Cotton Valley Formation and documents an ev
d. The reservoir is under saturated and contains high quality light crude. However production records show frequent asphaltene plugging p
c fracture completions show discrepancies between the placed propped length and the effective production fracture length.3 Polymer dama
ccess.ï¿½ This continuous improvement process can be repeated for future fieldwide well completion designs in order to achieve an optimu
itoring well is determined relatively to the position of the treatment well at depths corresponding to the perforations. The absolute orientation
ross interval thickness ranges from 2 800 ft to more 3 600 ft. Within this interval the net-to-gross ratio varies from 25% to 40%. Sandstone b
n The oil and gas industry invests large amounts of time and money to explore drill complete and produce a hydrocarbon well.ï¿½ Seismi
ure conductivity is measured in the laboratory the texture of the fracture face should have a dominant influence on the resulting fracture con
F simulator using Net Pressure matching analysis. Passive Seismic monitoring (PSM) is used to obtain direct estimate of height length and
ent the results of initial field tests that utilized this new technology to determine aspects of propped fracture geometry. Introduction Ever sin
of time; therefore no recent production history or recent measurements of reservoir pressure and other crucial parameters were available
d the rock beta factor were adequate. In the rock adjacent to the propped fracture the gas velocities are low because of the much greater
nd K (carbonate). Hydraulic fracturing is used to enhance gas production from the sandstone reservoir while acid fracturing is used to incre
quantify the engineered options for increasing well performance and optimization of the Stimulation Index (SD) while taking into account th
d depth. The deeper stages grew mainly along east-west and northwest-southeast orientations and the upper stages formed largely along
radiated in different directions is measured adequately the so-called focal mechanism or fracture orientation can be computed directly ass
the field and can frustrate expensive stimulation treatments and significantly increase well-operations costs because of: a decrease in frac
a small contrast between the two horizontal stresses this production-induced stress change could cause a rotation of the local minimum str
y of displacing fluid. The effects of porous medium inhomogenity on the instability of fluids displacement were investigated both numerically
ture induced anisotropy. Fracture heights were modeled with the expected treatment pressures. The outcome proved a valuable methodolo
e production fracture length.6 Polymer concentration leading to ineffective fracture clean-up is prominent in the list of usual suspects.6-9 I
northwest offshore Sabah East Malaysia in water depths of around 1 300m. The formations are sandstone and at 4500 meters deep in wa
Carmï¿½polis and Sirizinho oil fields are located in Sergipe-Alagoas Basin in Northeast Brazil (Figure 1). Discovered in the sixties and quic
ing from the interaction between the hydraulic fractures and discontinuities such as joints or natural fractures. Laboratory experiments have
ioration of the completion efficiency as a function of pressure drawdown and suboptimal efficiency of acid treatments. An extensive statistic
995) Settari (1996)]. This subject has received renewed attention with the significance growth in the need for production form tight gas rese
ed evaluation of the treatment will be proposed. Introduction The Kharyaga field lies 60 km north of the polar circle (fig 1.1) in the Nenets
possible small strike-slip component. It is over-pressured with micro-Darcy permeability sand (See Figure 1-2). Fifteen wells have been drille
quid-condensation curve such as that shown in Fig. 2. A lean system may have a yield of approximately 10 STB/MMscf (2% maximum con
reakthrough the well will experience a high gas inflow. Largely for three reasons this is an undesired phenomenon. Firstly because the gas
n facilities or gas-transport pipelines. 5. Reducing platform load requirements caused by gas lift compression. 6. Eliminating the need for an
ole gravel packs and 23 open-hole gravel packs. These completions are reviewed below with some examples for each in detail. Additional r
Emulsion flow behavior and methods controlling its propagation rate into a porous medium will be presented. Introduction Across Canada
work is on the high-velocity gas flow in two-phase gas/liquid flow in gas reservoirs. Darcyâ€™s law is inadequate to describe high-velocity
0 ft) each alternating between poor permeability matrix intervals and highly productive diagenetically weathered layers (drain layers)[1]. P
cal that the formation has to have a certain minimum vertical permeability for a horizontal well to be productive. In cases when the vertical p
almost flooded out and an upper Zone 4 (low quality) which contains the majority of the un-swept oil. Seawater injection ceased in 1996 a
is run as part of an uncemented liner and spaced out based on the required number of stages. Once in place the packers are hydraulically
is run as part of an uncemented liner and spaced out based on the required number of stages. Once in place the packers are hydraulically
primarily a gas field although there are small oil rims to the north (produced before 1990). Tambora field is operated by TOTAL E&P Indone
primarily a gas field although there are small oil rims to the north (produced before 1990). Tambora field is operated by TOTAL E&P Indone
Colville River field with horizontal openhole completions? Understanding why horizontal openhole completions were applied successfully at
re flow. In both of the conventional wells calculated flow rates and pressures agreed with the available well test measurements. Simulation
is more common. A thermodynamic model is used to calculate the hydrate equilibrium curve also known as the hydrate disassociation cur
ber 2006 is 800 MMSTB. The GIP is about 37 TCF and the cumulative gas production is 5.2 TCF. In 2001 was initiated a gas injection proje
recommended. Introduction The DTS system has become a compelling piece of equipment to be considered for permanent downhole mo
ased accuracy of injection profiles and in producing wells the ability to commingle production from multiple zones and reduce or eliminate s
in July 1998. Shaybah Geology and Tectonic Setting:The field is characterized as a gently folded northeast-southwest trending anticline c
New Orleans and 60 miles offshore (Fig. 1). The Na Kika project consists of a semi-submersible production system connected via flow line
s. Advances in drilling technology during the past 20 years facilitated the drilling and completion of long (extended reach) horizontal and mu
ied from 5 cP 8 cP to 12 cP (consolidated sandstone Well 1) and between 19 cP to 21 cP (non-consolidated formation Well 2). Well 1 in
ology is rapidly increasing its development being driven by its perceived capability to improve field & well economics by generating increa
of the wellbore and reduce environmental impact all while reducing overall cost by reducing the required number of wells and associated fa
) has developed out of a need to improve reservoir and remote well management. Multi-zone intelligent-well completions contain appropri
iven time and what control settings can be adapted if well failures occur. In some deepwater assets the unconstrained production capacity
ell and reservoir conditions and with valves to control the inflow of fluids from the reservoir to the well (Robison 1997). This combination of
d from test conditions unlike (or like) field conditions. This study is one of many research efforts being conducted by an industry-sponsored
d from test conditions unlike (or like) field conditions. This study is one of many research efforts being conducted by an industry-sponsored
urfactant concentration surfactant adsorption on rock foam propagation in porous media (foam strength/stability) and reservoir heterogene
ation models. The foam fractional flow model was first introduced by Rossen et al. [2 7-8]. The implicit assumption of foam incompressibility
bubble density and (c) the bubble generation is a simple stochastic process involving only two parameters to describe bubble generation so
de acceptance and use within the industry. In order to efficiently lift water to the surface gas wells should produce in the mist flow region wh
produces gas and condensate from the S-reservoir and oil with associated gas from the B-reservoir along a 16km flow line to the central p
xture tends to behave like a single phase liquid flowing to surface where the phases can be separated and processed. This changes when
gas wells can be liquid which is produced from another zone or free formation water. When a gas wellâ€™s â€œdriving force â€“ the rese
ve this problem. Accurate predictions of the onset of the liquid loading process allow for better planning and choosing the right countermea
on. The low rates reflect the maturity of North American gas production and the predominance of â€œchallenging production from low perm
to liquid load at significantly higher gas rates than North American gas wells. Typical critical rates â€“ based on the Turner model â€“ for liqu
not always readily identifiable because as loading occurs the well may still produce for a significant amount of time. Turner Hubbard and D
¿½ Plunger Lift: Use of plunger lift which is based on a method of intermittently shutting in the well to let the gas pressure build up to a leve
s capability IPR relationship. In 1992 Chacin and Schmidt et al.[5] studied the design of plunger assisted intermittent gas lift installations wi
cementing and overall well costs while enhancing project economics. Thus motivation was strong to determine whether a smaller casing si
ded in their work that movement of interfaces formed between acid and completion fluid is significantly affected by uneven reservoir flow dis
ses in the formation to determine critical drawdowns at which sand production is expected (Palmer et al. 2005; Hettema et al. 2006). It has
ness from millimeter to meters. The reservoirs sands may be highly permeable but the silt and clay laminations affect the reservoir vertical
pment and surface facilities thus increasing the risk of well failure. The problems are often observed in fields after a period of relatively smo
ct acid or other reactive fluid into small core samples.ï¿½ The core faces are kept open during fluid injection.ï¿½ The perforating effect is ig
re elongated in a north-northeast-south-southwest direction and bounded toward the west and south by the two main normal fault systems.
e engineering studies managed to overcome the operational failures in the past and at the same time was able to meet the production objec
s leveraging technology application and pushing the limit of dynamic underbalanced perforating in order to increase productivity in mature/l
dustry to increase reserves by tapping into at least 12 trillion barrels of in-place heavy hydrocarbons worldwide. We target the present work
ause of wellbore placement challenges within a thin sandstone unit a horizontal well requires a continuous sandstone body of sufficient len
sult of which we continue to be hoodwinked by â€˜record breakingâ€™ penetration performance into concrete targets â€“ and the lack of pe
s in combination allow the use of larger proppant sizes and lead to a homogeneous bi-wing fracture when shot in 0 to 180 degree phasing.
s in combination allow the use of larger proppant sizes and lead to a homogeneous bi-wing fracture when shot in 0 to 180 degree phasing.
n line. ADMA OPCO are constantly looking for ways to improve efficiency and well productivity. They reviewed how these wells are comple
Lower Troncoso where 57% of the total reserves reside. It is composed of sandstone in eolian faces of a medium-grained clast-supported
ts usage eliminates the need for conventional separate acid stimulation saving rig time and costs while reducing HS&E risks.
ts usage eliminates the need for conventional separate acid stimulation saving rig time and costs while reducing HS&E risks.
ws a complete and detailed quantification of the perforation quality and cleanup efficiency. The results of this work enable the implement of
as a conveyer to perform underbalance perforating for many years. CT allows: Ability to displace the wellbore fluid with nitrogen gas to cre
to inclination of over 77ï¿½ but the well was later perforated successfully using the same novel technology with significant cost reduction.
ell of the gun that exceeds the specified diametral tolerances and thus cannot be retrieved from the well without costly intervention operatio
rrounding the perforation tunnel. This is due to the highly dynamic nature of the perforation event involving impact pressures ranging from t
mpletion strategy for oil fields in Oman improving overall well performance. Introduction A key element of how productive a well will be is th
of both waters and the consequent permeability reduction resulting in loss of well productivity1 2. The sulphate scaling productivity decline
uced water may contain barium strontium magnesium and other metal cations as well as seawater is sulphate-rich. Simultaneous injectio
bility and thickness as well as the magnitude of permeability impairment around the fracture and the extent of the impairment zone. Inject
avy oil and completely unconsolidated sands in a complex turbiditic reservoir was beyond the technical capacity of our industry. Conseque
tion targets and to maximize sub-surface data acquisition to aid a field development study update. To ensure that the well could flow again
ed of a sequence of highly laminated sand and shale deposits with significant sand-size variability and high fines content. Being highly unco
producing interval in the Magnolia field and has been the target for most of the fieldâ€™s completions. The B25 formation has massive hi
producer in Unayzah reservoir. The well was then suspended with cement plugs and the wellhead blind flanged. The 7 liner was run and ce
d Fig. 2 illustrates the complexity of the directional profile of the most challenging of these wells. This extended-reach program is quite an a
dipping faulted anticline feature positioned on the continental slope of the Mahakam delta. Geological horizons are composed of several in
epletion drive and compaction. This lack of pressure support led the operator to develop plans for four high-rate subsea water injection wel
and-size variability and high fines content. Being highly unconsolidated downhole sand exclusion is mandatory. The primary drive mechanis
ranging from 4.5 to 5.5 bore in a 9-5/8 Casing and the production tubing usually 2-3/8 to 3-1/2 size. One of the many challenges therefore
nalysis was performed on the whole core recovered from the exploration and appraisal wells. The results of the analysis conducted on thes
ells will provide a design rate of 800 MMscf/d of raw gas. The individual wellâ€™s rate is designed to be 160 MMscf/d and the maximum rat
2006) allowing continuous adjustment in multizone wells by remote control of downhole valves minimizing intervention costs (Robinson 20
production results are discussed in detail.ï¿½ Laboratory tests include the effect of this cleaning up fluid on the filter cake formed by differen
nalysis was performed on the whole core recovered from the exploration and appraisal wells. The results of the analysis conducted on thes
on type in a single sand body. It has been well proven experienced and fitted the purpose in over twenty years of gas storage activity on ex
nd the packing proceeds from toe-to-heel covering the upper part of the horizontal well (called the Beta Wave) once the Alpha Wave reach
sidered the best suited to the prevailing conditions and defined deliverables. Since the service company experience in running long horizo
ple approach is proposed for quantification of the impact of screen plugging test results on field practice. This allows operators to evaluate
at the beginning of year 1999 and at the end of 2000. The field is located in Block 17 offshore Angola 210 km northwest of Luanda in ave
and out of wells repairing problems related to sand production and loses additional millions of dollars by restricted production rates. Sand p
g sand out of wells repairing problems related to sand production and loses additional millions of dollars from restricted production rates. S
or pressure shocks simply because shear failure is not predicted. In the subject field water influx appears to be a key to sand production.
the sanding results into a conclusion relating to the validity of oriented perforating for the field a finite element model was built to reproduce
efficient sand control completions with low skins high flow rates and long life which exhibit the longest MTTF (mean time to failure). How
ncing field production in 1998 major redevelopment had been undergone to achieve and enhance the fieldâ€™s recovery1. In July 2000 the
echnique in offshore environments such as the Gulf of Mexico West Africa Brazil Trinidad and South East Asia. However it is predicted t
echnique in offshore environments such as the Gulf of Mexico West Africa Brazil Trinidad and South East Asia. However it is predicted t
ly well sorted (Ucf 2-5 Scf 5-10) with low fines (1-4% <44Î¼). The most common clay is chlorite which coats sand grains and partly fills the
ted differently by the engineering community (Suman 1925); it is excluded commonly at the cost of reduced hydrocarbon production. Rece
oored floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) unit (Fig. 2). All reservoirs in this field are constituted of highly unconsolidated san
nflux rate. Several mechanisms are accountable for the oil rate enhancement in CHOPS wells. Firstly the sand influx increases fluid flow
surface equipment and pipelines operators also have to manage the separation and disposal of the sand produced with the oil. Sand prod
e to unintended solid influx and/or loss of well integrity over the reservoir life.ï¿½ The two field case examples in the North Sea as presented
conservatism such as seen in simple elastic models account for scale effects associated with different perforation and borehole diameters
conservatism such as seen in simple elastic models account for scale effects associated with different perforation and borehole diameters
nagement and workover strategies. Introduction The consequence of sanding is well known: obstructing production eroding downhole and
nagement and workover strategies. Introduction The consequence of sanding is well known: obstructing production eroding downhole and
oning. On average oil companies today produce 3 bbl of water for each 1 bbl of oil (Bailey et al. 2000). The effect of water cut on sand prod
oning. On average oil companies today produce 3 bbl of water for each 1 bbl of oil (Bailey et al. 2000). The effect of water cut on sand prod
the maximum depletion in relatively competent rocks particularly if they have brittle behavior.ï¿½ But what about weak-to-totally unconsoli
the maximum depletion in relatively competent rocks particularly if they have brittle behavior.ï¿½ But what about weak-to-totally unconsoli
e desorbed gas followed by a steady decline in CO2 concentration in contrast to the progressive enrichment of CO2 in produced gas from
eservoirs many of which are offshore. While these reservoirs are highly prolific they are complex to develop and manage. Typical cost of co
eservoirs many of which are offshore. While these reservoirs are highly prolific they are complex to develop and manage. Typical cost of co
l (A-03). The TB-03 well was initially shut in due to Hurricane Katrina in September 2005. The well remained shut in for almost 5 months as
r improvement in predicting the volumetric sand production over the lifetime of the wellbore as a function of the completion strategy drawdo
r improvement in predicting the volumetric sand production over the lifetime of the wellbore as a function of the completion strategy drawdo
be assumed that this behavior can also be found downhole and we concluded that the different failure behaviors of sandstone could be a
drilling performance and the potential for this to severely impact both schedule and budget. Furthermore the potential risk of sand productio
thermodynamic models.ï¿½The paper describes the importance of proper test methodology and describes more sophisticated test protoc
solate and identify the effect of any single parameter on the well performance a sensitivity study on the parameter of interest is conducted
om perfectly radial flow to a wellbore of radius rw . A perforated completion obviously has a flow and pressure field near the perforations tha
ents have been used to enhance the performance of oil gas and water wells for several decades. Water-soluble and acid-soluble polymers
d etched conductivity. Finally a relative comparison between the old and new completion methodologies is made taking into account that th
uch higher conductivity than the emulsified acid system. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 3.ï¿½The laboratory-scale acid fractur
d etched conductivity. Finally a relative comparison between the old and new completion methodologies is made taking into account that th
y acid fractured wells and the lessons learned throughout the pilot are also shared.
sults are discussed in the paper along with production history comparisons with offset conventionally acid fractured wells and the lessons le
area that employs acid treatment in the GOM completions is damage removal before gravel packs or frac packs. Gravel packing has been e
ated by the rising salt. The fractured nature of the reservoir provides the primary production mechanism in the Machar field. Typical matrix p
agent is used.ï¿½ Mechanical diverters such as ball sealers degradable ball sealers rock salt and benzoic acid flakes are used alone or i
of 1 md to 10 md. Zonal coverage during acid stimulation of the wells is a key issue because historically most of the acid tends to be inje
of 1 md to 10 md. Zonal coverage during acid stimulation of the wells is a key issue because historically most of the acid tends to be inje
mp (ESP) at stabilized bottomhole pressures at rates of 3 600 and 2 500 BOPD. The well exhibited a productivity index (PI) of 2.5 to 4 bbl/D
ck around the damage materials sandstone acidizing aims at dissolving and dispersing the minerals and damage materials in the pores of
mulated. After the stimulation treatment has the well reached the ideal producing conditions and has the skin been reduced to the minimum
voirs poses a challenge in stimulation fluids due to the increase in bottom hole temperature. The rapid reaction rate between HCl and carbo
-pack fluid leakoff under static conditions2. This standard procedure excludes the use of fluids that react with porous media. Fluid Prepara
the last 20 years. The main production mechanisms being water and solution gas drive. ï¿½ Figure 1: Schematic of Orito Anticline The 2
s paper provides guidelines for production engineers to optimize the fluid placement. Introduction Matrix acidizing in carbonates provides o
stern Siberia. Even though most of the formations have been placed on waterflooding most formations experience an uneven depletion of t
The degree of condensate blocking depends on a combination of factors including fluid properties formation characteristics flow rate and p
akthroughs (PVBT) and the wormhole velocities were obtained for each carbonate by injecting acid at different flow rates.ï¿½ The results o
rtners are under contract to develop and produce natural gas resources. Under the PSC framework gas produced will be supplied under a g
ipse 100 results and novel observations of kinetic and equilibrium adsorption in radial coordinates are described. Introduction Water mana
didates from a given set of wells in a field will vary depending on the reservoir under question and the prevailing well conditions. To be succ
e Gulch (deep) Figure 2. All the wells discussed in this paper are located in Waltman (stratigraphic) accumulation and completed in Lance
d is minimized as well as potential problems associated with clays swelling and change in relative permeability. An additional benefit of CO
e Gulch (deep) Figure 2. All the wells discussed in this paper are located in Waltman (stratigraphic) accumulation and completed in Lance
ov oil-gasâ€“condensate field is located in the Embensky region of Atyrau province 170 km south-southeast of Atyrau city. The structure w
ction In gas condensate reservoirs a significant loss in the well productivity is observed when the bottomhole pressure in flowing wells falls b
rmation damage like organic deposits and scales has also contributed to the decline of oil production. The ideal solution would be shut off t
oir monitoring and reservoir control via both active 3 and proactive 4 management of the influx of unwanted fluids. Early water or gas break
y. In many cases the injectivity contrast between the major layer elements is such that attempts to utilize a single injection well to flood all la
y. In many cases the injectivity contrast between the major layer elements is such that attempts to utilize a single injection well to flood all la
ion issues. There are many reported studies of sand production in producers6-12 but very few discussions of sanding issues in water injec
horizontal well in oil and gas reservoir but there are a few studies on the application of horizontal well in gas condensate reservoir. For gas
ield is a large faulted anticline measuring 11 miles long by 4 miles wide (Fig. 2). Development of the field is complicated by shallow fingers
mmunication. Cement evaluation logs are time efficient cover the majority of the casing and inexpensive compared to communication tests.
mmunication. Cement evaluation logs are time efficient cover the majority of the casing and inexpensive compared to communication tests.
ffshore CT operations normally it is time consuming especially rigging time crane usage boat/vessel availabilities and weather down time)
s discovered in 1984 and put on production in 1996. The current installation includes two wellhead platforms a floating production facility an
e rules of thumb and conservatively copying previous successes in the geographical vicinity.1 2 In sandstone acidizing the acid-rock react
by weight.
SPJP). FPJP installations avoid high costs associated with constructing surface facilities needed to deliver power fluid to hydraulically power
elded 1540 BOPD.

turation. Thus it acts like â€œskin damage to the reservoir known as â€œLiquid Block. If no intervention work is performed to remove liqui
ping are taken from the inlet and throat of the venturi tube and this pressure differential is applied to an entrapped fluid column then the flu
Perforating may bypass the contaminated zone but is itself susceptible to damage. It has been long recognised that well cleanup complica
o platforms with eight - 7 in. monobore wells and eight â€“ 7-5/8 in. monobore wells consisting of 11 producers and five gas injectors. The
y for 95/8 completion and high velocity gas well horizontal sand control. The Extended Reach Departure nature of wells (Figure 3).ï¿½ A ti
elsen et al. 2001; Jalali 1998) and field implementations (Lau et al. 2001; Erlandsen 2000; Glandt 2003). Most papers describe the well-cen
each in detail. Additional relevant information to BP Trinidad & Tobago field developments maybe found in the literature.6-14 Cased and P
d in the Sibneft fields. The Sporyshevskoye oil field has been one where horizontal wells are in massive use and have been recognized as a
epth and net pay from 230 to 370 m in a reservoir with very good petrophysics proprieties. The evaluation of those data increased the initial
r a plug is set one or more layers are perforated and then the layer(s) are stimulated as a stage. This practice is repeated multiples times u
traditional gun selection would not surpass the skin and that in fact if would require deep penetrating charges with big hole (to minimize sa
al. Introduction Openhole completions (Figure 1) are the most basic completion types in Niger Delta and are only used in very competent
rlier efforts have focused on describing what happens and when to resqueeze (Hong and Shuler 1988; Rogers et al. 1990). More recent pa
port the wellbore liquids to the surface are referred to in this work as sub-critical velocities. In this research effort as well as in the discussio
port the wellbore liquids to the surface are referred to in this work as sub-critical velocities. In this research effort as well as in the discussio
bility and variable fracture density.ï¿½ In the past 16 horizontal wells were drilled in the 1990s to exploit this reservoir. However interpretati
bility and variable fracture density.ï¿½ In the past 16 horizontal wells were drilled in the 1990s to exploit this reservoir. However interpretati
n tool for the regulatory control level strategy. MPC is a proven effective strategy for regulation of instrumentation at a chosen set point. M
o simply distinguish efficiencies of recovery in the two orthogonal directions. In a laterally heterogeneous system or when bedding planes e
et al. 2007). Several authors quantified potential gains from the use of such wells and completions in field developments (Yeten et al. 2002;
al calibration based on surface production tests where ideally the flow rates of each individual layer should be tested. In addition to measu
reservoirs of condensate gas had been subject of study with emphasis in last years because the growing participation of this kind of hydro
of the horizontal and lower permeability in the toe.ï¿½If conventional completion methods (i.e. stand-alone screens gravel packs or expa
or set in the tubing string (i.e. a DESP). In general applications of the second pump have been either to increase the pumping capacity (M
en on production for several years without any erosion issues. Introduction Trinidadâ€™s gas production has increased dramatically over th
he fluid at the bottom of the well to transfer them to the surface. Acid treatment is a stimulation process used to bypass a damaged area in
stical model that fits the data closely. We then examine variables included in the model and finally make predictions about ESP system pe
am- drilling operations predicting such parameters as BHP foam flow velocity foam density and foam quality is a major challenge. Unlike i
ed a model for horizontal wells completed with slotted liners or perforations.9 The additional pressure drop in the vicinity of the wellbore bec
improvement that will help in promoting a step change in acid fracturing industry worldwide.
r quality and â€œskin damage assumed to be present from using brine-based drilling fluids. The initial stimulation results were encouraging
r quality and â€œskin damage assumed to be present from using brine-based drilling fluids. The initial stimulation results were encouraging
ervoir rock is high-porosity/low-permeability chalk of Maastrichtian and Danian age comprising the Tor and Ekofisk formations respectively
and lower bounded by the argellaceous Three Forks. In the thermally mature window the organic rich shale generates and expels oil into th
50% lower compared to the conventional treatments. Increases in productivity allowed up to a 37% increase in oil flow rate. Introduction In
This research will present a comprehensive story supported by technical analyses. Introduction and Background Fibers in various forms o
he danger of formation breakdown and premature sand out which make sand control a requirement during their production lifetime. Histor
hat understanding the reservoir is important in selecting the appropriate flowback aid. Introduction: Flowback aids should in theory be critica
ght-containment mechanisms modulus contrast is often considered separately from stress contrast to isolate the effect of each parameter.
hole pressure ranged from 19 319 psi â€“ 19 730 psi and bottomhole temperature ranged from 229 F â€“ 235 F. Nine of the jobs were bullh
mizing the time to well tie-in and the workover cost per zone. Strategies such as multiple-zone commingled completions continuous multist
tem (NPDES) permit or into a publicly owned treatment work (POTW). Typical costs associated with disposal range from $0.30 to $10/bbl f
(HFW) with a fixed fracture volume. The importance of this subject has encouraged many investigators to direct their efforts to this topic. Pr
ed into the pilot program with the aim of understanding the impact of the stimulation treatment by accounting for variability (reservoir heterog
k techniques that overcome this issue such as use of shunt tubes were found to render higher normalized oil production rates. Introduction
rbon inflow at the wellbore. Likewise vertical growth into a gas cap is equally undesirable from the standpoint of decreased primary recover
acture with respect to the wellbore is directly related to the wellbore azimuth with respect to the in-situ stress field. Therefore the possibilit
sources are more challenging and required the use of advanced technologies. One of the flagrant examples is the challenging Mauddud fo
ve changed through its productive life. The Middle Mulichinco formation is producing gas from sandstones at 1650m depth with an average
e the coasts of Cameroon Gabon and Congo in water depths ranging from 9 m to 95 m. These fields were discovered in the early 1960s a
r to improve the economics of particular projects or make them commercially viable in extreme cases. Over the last two decades many dev
and production targets. This paper details the planning and design processes leading to the implementation of the first field trial experienc
ompared to published results from the Achimovskoya sandstone in the Kalchinskoye oil field the BP12 formation of the Vyngayakhinskoe o
Till date the field has produced 24.41 Mmt of oil and 8.48BCM of gas. The production is on decline as seen from production history plot (Fig
ies and characteristics of the oilfields. This includes a geological overview reserves distribution drilling and completion practices and prod
ion isolates each layer during treatment.

stimulated in stages. In each stage a selected number of production intervals are perforated or jetted and then the stimulation treatment is
near-elastic rocks often show discrepancies between calculated parameters and field observations when they are used with soft rock format
useful rheology within concentrations ranging from 3.5% to 6%.ï¿½The exact surfactant concentration depends on the bottom hole temper
e.ï¿½ Studies have reported permeabilities ranging from 0.1 mD to 1 mD based on pressure buildup analysis and matrix porosities ranged
tion and documents an evaluation of well performance and the cause and effects of hydraulic fracturing with treated water on productivity. T
ent asphaltene plugging problems in the production strings. Recent laboratory studies indicate a high asphaltene flocculation onset pressur
re length.3 Polymer damage leading to ineffective fracture clean-up is prominent in the list of usual suspects.3-6 In addition it was surmised
rder to achieve an optimum fracture system within the targeted intervals.ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Introduction The Cotton Valley sand is an abundant c
s. The absolute orientation (in a geographical coordinate system) of the monitoring array and of the observed microseismic event hypocente
25% to 40%. Sandstone bodies occurs as individual 10 ft to 25 ft thick channels and stacked channel sequences greater than 200 ft in som
rocarbon well.ï¿½ Seismic operations have advanced to 4D drilling rigs are able to employ slimhole drill strings and fracturing treatments
the resulting fracture conductivity at least at low closure stresses--if the fracture faces are smooth only a narrow slit will remain when the
mate of height length and azimuth. PSM Acquisition must be done during hydraulic fracturing from the nearest well. The main goal of this s
try. Introduction Ever since the first use of hydraulic fracturing the oil industry has wanted information about the geometry of what wascrea
arameters were available. Therefore the method envisioned had to be based on frequently available informationâ€”the openhole logs that a
cause of the much greater flow areaâ€”two orders of magnitude lower than those around a wellbore and non-Darcy flow is not an issue.
fracturing is used to increase gas production from the carbonate reservoir.1 2 The K-formation is a deep and high temperature gas reservo
hile taking into account the associated costs into a financial model.
ges formed largely along northwest-southeast orientations. All stages showed asymmetric geometry. The lower stages may have been influ
be computed directly assuming that the coseismic deformation results from a shear failure mechanism (Zoback and Zinke 2002). Additiona
se of: a decrease in fracture conductivity. The proppant portion removed can no longer hold open the fracture near the wellbore. exposin
n of the local minimum stress direction by 90ï¿½ (i.e. parallel to the initial frac instead of normal to it as in the virgin formation). As a result
stigated both numerically and experimentally. It was demonstrated that definite inhomogenity could essentially stabilize displacement. Intro
ved a valuable methodology that decreased the operational and production risks that are associated with hydraulic fracturing using large pr
st of usual suspects.6-9 In addition it was surmised that the concentrated polymer has significant yield stress and its effect on fracture flui
at 4500 meters deep in water depth of approx. The main reservoirs are 400 meters thickness and the reservoir pressure is approximately 50
ered in the sixties and quickly put in primary production at the beginning of the seventies the waterflooding began trying to restore reservoir
boratory experiments have also been carried out to better understand the role of discontinuities on the hydraulic fracture path.ï¿½ These ex
nts. An extensive statistical analysis indicated a strong dependency on asset grouping which hampers the extrapolation of experience from
duction form tight gas reservoir using this technique [e.g. Wang et al. (2000) Rostami et al. (2007)]. These studies mainly focused on the fl
le (fig 1.1) in the Nenets Autonomous Territory. It was discovered by Ukhtaneftegaz-Geologia in 1970 and has been delineated until 1982
een wells have been drilled by the operator. All wells are completed in the gas-bearing XX-4 formation at depths of approximately 3150m M
MMscf (2% maximum condensate) and a rich system could yield asmuch as 300 STB/MMscf (20% condensate). When the flowing bottom
. Firstly because the gas phase may start to dominate production which will deem the well to be uneconomical. Secondly the inflow of gas
Eliminating the need for annular safety valves in places where they are required in conventional gas lift environments. 7. Allowing nonassoc
each in detail. Additional relevant information to BP Trinidad & Tobago field developments maybe found in the literature.6-14 Cased and P
oduction Across Canada thousands of gas wells leak substantial amount of gas to the surface. The 2002 survey of the Alberta Energy and
e to describe high-velocity gas flow in porous media. Through the high-velocity coefficient Î² Darcyâ€™s law is modified and the additiona
layers (drain layers)[1]. Permeability estimated from test data ranges between 100 mD to a few Darcy in drain layers but in contrast matr
cases when the vertical permeability is very low horizontal wells could lose their attraction because of lack of vertical communication. To ov
njection ceased in 1996 and waterflooding was conducted solely with produced water thereafter. Due to vertical conformance issues horiz
packers are hydraulically set and fracturing treatments are pumped in separate stages but as a single continuous operation. By eliminating
packers are hydraulically set and fracturing treatments are pumped in separate stages but as a single continuous operation. By eliminating
ed by TOTAL E&P Indonesie as part of their operations in Indonesiaâ€™s East Kalimantan region. In the same region TOTAL is also oper
ed by TOTAL E&P Indonesie as part of their operations in Indonesiaâ€™s East Kalimantan region. In the same region TOTAL is also oper
re applied successfully at Colville River is the starting point to examining potential applications in other North Slope fields and is the purpos
measurements. Simulation results have shown longer producing intervals than those derived from the DTS traces. The main reason for this
hydrate disassociation curve. The hydrate disassociation curves for Well A-4 gas is presented in Fig. 1. The curves are generated based on
tiated a gas injection project to inject about 1 000 MMscfpd to accomplish a recovery factor of 45% of condensated in 20 years. Most of this
permanent downhole monitoring design. DTS provides real-time temperature profile measurement which can enhance understanding of th
and reduce or eliminate surface well tests and facilities. It is critical for the successful implementation of intelligent wells that reliable down
hwest trending anticline consisting primarily of cretaceous age sandstones shales and carbonates. The reservoir consists of ruddist build-u
m connected via flow lines and umbilicals to six remote fields (Fig. 2). The non-drilling platform is located in MC block 474. Fig. 1 Na Kika
reach) horizontal and multilateral wells with the primary objective of maximising the reservoir contact. The increase in reservoir exposure th
mation Well 2). Well 1 in the consolidated formation is flowing with equipment ESP and its initial production was about 4000 BOPD dry oil
mics by generating increased reserves improved overall well performance and providing high-performance reservoir/well monitoring. We d
of wells and associated facilities.
mpletions contain appropriate monitoring devices located between zonal isolation packers. They control the flow into or out of each zone wi
ained production capacity of the wells exceeds the capacity of the network and a decision is made to operate the field at a plateau producti
997). This combination of monitoring and control technology has the potential to significantly improve oil recovery (Algeroy et al. 1999; Glan
by an industry-sponsored research group called FAST (Fracturing Acidizing Stimulation Technology) a consortium formed within the Pet
by an industry-sponsored research group called FAST (Fracturing Acidizing Stimulation Technology) a consortium formed within the Pet
and reservoir heterogeneity (and wettability). The physico-chemical properties of the injected gas can also play an important role in efficien
of foam incompressibility makes this model unsuitable when pressure changes are relatively high in comparison with the backpressure. Mo
cribe bubble generation so that the kinetics of foam generation obeys a simple exponential growth function. When applied to transient foam
in the mist flow region where liquid exists as a film on the wall of the pipe or as droplets within the flow stream. The basis for Turnerâ€™s m
m flow line to the central platform for processing. Typically the well produced at a FWHP of 54 bars to a separator approximately 165 m from
ssed. This changes when the reservoir depletes the reservoir pressure drops and the produced gas rates decline. The velocity at which th
œdriving force â€“ the reservoir pressure â€“ decreases also gas production rate decreases and a change in flow regime can take place (se
sing the right countermeasure. Currently the most widely used model is still the classic Turner criterion which is based on a force balance
production from low permeability sands (less than 0.1 mD) shale and coal bed methane. Figure 1: Gas rate distribution for North America
e Turner model â€“ for liquid loading in the North Sea are between 3 and 7 [MMscf/d] depending on the tubing inside diameter. However th
me. Turner Hubbard and Dukler2 described the liquid droplet transport in vertical gas flow which led to the minimum critical flow rate or Tur
pressure build up to a level which would make water lifting possible and then sudden opening of the well top to allow the departure of high p
ent gas lift installations with mass and momentum balance equations of the entire system. On the plunger lift characteristics and performan
hether a smaller casing size would create operational constraints while producing under a wide range of gas and water rates. Gas wells pro
uneven reservoir flow distribution which ultimately leads to nonuniform volume of acid injected into the formation. Wellbore hydraulics were
ettema et al. 2006). It has been recognized that high production rates increasing effective stress with depletion and water breakthrough co
ffect the reservoir vertical permeability in each layer. As a result there are significant vertical heterogeneities in theseis types of reservoirs.
a period of relatively smooth operation. These occurrences usually coincide with an increase in depletion water cut or changes in the artifi
The perforating effect is ignored.ï¿½ Under such testing configuration the rock dissolution pattern goes from face dissolution to dominant w
ain normal fault systems. Field-Î± was discovered in 1986 with evidence of hydrocarbons in the Tadrart sandstone formation (Lower Devon
meet the production objective. Project Result After performing the coiled tubing operation by isolating J10.2 with inflatable bridge plug and
se productivity in mature/low pressure assets. Introduction Perforating can be defined as the process of connecting the well with the reserv
e target the present work to increase reserves and production from a typical heavy oil reservoir e.g. Shell Canadaâ€™s Peace River asse
one body of sufficient length and aerial extent that is not geologically complicated laterally. When commingling production from multiple zo
gets â€“ and the lack of performance metrics in poorly negotiated long-term perforating service contracts. As a result Shell has initiated res
0 to 180 degree phasing. Aligning the guns along the PFP is therefore an important step in attaining the optimal perforation for fracturing as
0 to 180 degree phasing. Aligning the guns along the PFP is therefore an important step in attaining the optimal perforation for fracturing as
ow these wells are completed and perforated to see if any improvements are possible. ADMA OPCO completion requirements Fig.1 for the
m-grained clast-supported texture scarce matrix and dolomite cement with good to very good porosity and permeability. New well logs wer
HS&E risks.
HS&E risks.
k enable the implement of better strategies for well completions and production optimization as well as correct inputs of nodal analysis. Intro
id with nitrogen gas to create the underbalance required Faster running in hole and pulling out hole compared to drill pipe Cheaper daily
ignificant cost reduction.

ostly intervention operations. A split gun is one that is fractured with a crack extending from one shot exit hole to adjacent shot exit holes w
t pressures ranging from tens to hundreds of kilobars applied in less than a millisecond. This damaged material is believed to contain a â€œ
oductive a well will be is the effectiveness of the perforations. The perforation creates the path for the formation fluid to flow from reservoir to
caling productivity decline phenomenon has been long recognized in North Sea reservoirs3 and in Campos Basin fields of Brazil4 5 6. Dec
rich. Simultaneous injection of incompatible waters results in sulphate salt deposition and consequent injectivity impairment[5]. The injec
impairment zone. Injector Fracturing Concepts The objective of this paper is to illustrate how fractures propagate during produced wate
of our industry. Consequently the development was delayed until 2002 to enable Petrobras to develop the necessary technology and exp
t the well could flow against the 70 bar back pressure an artificial lift technique was needed in the completion configuration as the current p
content. Being highly unconsolidated downhole sand exclusion is mandatory. The primary drive mechanism is a depletion drive based on t
formation has massive highly laminated fine-grained beds with an average particle size distribution of 44 micrometers (ï¿½m). The initial re
The 7 liner was run and cemented from 6661â€™ to 4907â€™ with 100% circulation. WORKOVER No. 1: was completed on 10-30-93. Ce
ach program is quite an accomplishment considering the unconsolidated deepwater environment. To date the program includes two water-
e composed of several individual sand bodies forming amalgamated sand packages that extend across the field. Reservoir sands were dep
ubsea water injection wells (two in the Princess field and two in the Ursa field) to enhance production in the main producing sand. Eight dir
he primary drive mechanism is a depletion drive based on the weak aquifers seen in existing fields in the area. The Shallow Clastics reserv
many challenges therefore for asset owner in the Niger Delta includes managing production while avoiding formation sand production; for v
nalysis conducted on these wells are summarized in Table 1. These results are typical of all producing formations in the Greater Plutonio D
cf/d and the maximum rate could be up to 320 MMscf/d to make up the production when an emergency shut-down occurs from neighboring
ention costs (Robinson 2003). Besides improved recovery techniques for viscous oil (Trindade and Branco 2005) and selective completion
er cake formed by different drilling mud composition.ï¿½ Field case histories comprise of the gravel packing of the oil producer well and sub
nalysis conducted on these wells are summarized in Table 1. These results are typical of all producing formations in the Greater Plutonio D
gas storage activity on existing wells in the central part of one UGS field in Italy. In order to have high gas rate performances the new infilli
nce the Alpha Wave reaches the toe. For typical Alpha Wave height designs used in these treatments (barely covering the screens) pressu
nce in running long horizontal well completions had been quite extensive in Brazil operator confidence in attempting this type of completio
ws operators to evaluate how much if any screen-plugging can be expected with the particular conditioned OBM as the screens are run
orthwest of Luanda in average water depth of 1 400 m (Fig. 1). Rosa field is one of several fields in this prolific block. Under a production sh
d production rates. Sand production is a common occurrence in highly unconsolidated (soft highly permeable) formations which produce o
tricted production rates. Sand production is a common occurrence in highly unconsolidated (soft highly permeable) formations which produ
a key to sand production. In an adjacent well X-2 also completed without sand control in the S2U sand the well is deviated at 41ï¿½ but
del was built to reproduce the lab conditions. This model correctly predicted the conditions required for sand failure as observed in the lab.
ean time to failure). However as the industry explores in deeper water and pushes technology to challenging depths and pressure environ
ecovery1. In July 2000 the Stag field reached its peak rates in excess of 30 000 BOPD. Late that year a failure occurred in the reservoir be
However it is predicted that as fields onshore deplete a new sand control market will emerge. The majority of cased-hole sand control co
However it is predicted that as fields onshore deplete a new sand control market will emerge. The majority of cased-hole sand control co
d grains and partly fills the pores. In the early years of field life a small number of grain size distributions and core analyses provided a pict
ocarbon production. Recently sand production accompanying hydrocarbon production has gained acceptance in some sectors of the indu
highly unconsolidated sands which require the wells to be completed with sand-control techniques. The wells have high productivity up to
influx increases fluid flow rates because there is a rise of the Darcy velocity relative to the solid with the matrix deformation. In the early s
ed with the oil. Sand production from the Sarir field was first recorded in the mid-1970s when sand fills were discovered during workover o
e North Sea as presented demonstrate and highlight the fundamental concept methodology and the procedures for conducting the well de
n and borehole diameters provide a significant improvement and predictive capability over simple empirical methods provide the above a
n and borehole diameters provide a significant improvement and predictive capability over simple empirical methods provide the above a
on eroding downhole and surface facilities and demanding additional process and exposal cost. It will be quite straightforward to detect an
on eroding downhole and surface facilities and demanding additional process and exposal cost. It will be quite straightforward to detect an
of water cut on sand production has been a major concern in the petroleum industry. It has been observed on many occasions in the field t
of water cut on sand production has been a major concern in the petroleum industry. It has been observed on many occasions in the field t
weak-to-totally unconsolidated rocks having an almost-zero TWC strength yet remaining stable under reasonably high drawdown (DD) an
weak-to-totally unconsolidated rocks having an almost-zero TWC strength yet remaining stable under reasonably high drawdown (DD) an
O2 in produced gas from wells. Introduction Coalbed methane wells even within the same field invariably have dissimilar production rates
manage. Typical cost of completing a major offshore well exceeds $100 million and these wells are expected to remain productive for 20 yea
manage. Typical cost of completing a major offshore well exceeds $100 million and these wells are expected to remain productive for 20 yea
in for almost 5 months as a result of this event. Prior to this shut in the well was producing 930 BOPD 480 BWPD and 1.09 MMSCFD. A
mpletion strategy drawdown depletion and water-cut. In the following a brief description of the existing models is introduced. Modeling S
mpletion strategy drawdown depletion and water-cut. In the following a brief description of the existing models is introduced. Modeling S
s of sandstone could be a geological reason for the different severity of sanding problems in various oilfields. Using image analysis of thin
ntial risk of sand production needs to be assessed prior to completing the wells. The production experience from the nearby fields has been
e sophisticated test protocols and processes for ensuring that the laboratory tests replicate field production conditions.ï¿½These technique
r of interest is conducted and the results are compared to a reference base case of an ideal vertical open hole. In the base case the ideal
d near the perforations that is not perfectly radial. As shown by Karakas and Tariq (1991) the altered flow characteristics near perforations c
and acid-soluble polymers have been used in these treatments to increase the viscosity of the treatment fluids and hence enhance diversio
taking into account that the new completion practices have only been applied in full combination since 2004. Background The Permian Bas
boratory-scale acid fracture conductivities measured in these experiments do not agree with the predictions of the Nierode-Kruk correlation.
taking into account that the new completion practices have only been applied in full combination since 2004. Background The Permian Bas
d wells and the lessons learned throughout the pilot. Introduction Saudi Aramco is among the acid fracturing industry leaders and one of t
ravel packing has been extensively used as a standard sand-control treatment in the GOM for several decades. Before or after the placem
char field. Typical matrix permeability is in the region of <1 mD. The success of any well that is drilled in the Machar field is therefore largely
flakes are used alone or in conjunction with chemical diverters based on foams or polymeric gels (Williams et al. 1979; Economides and No
of the acid tends to be injected into the higher permeability layers or the first-stimulated zones. In an attempt to overcome this problem and
of the acid tends to be injected into the higher permeability layers or the first-stimulated zones. In an attempt to overcome this problem and
index (PI) of 2.5 to 4 bbl/D/psi extremely good reservoir quality (average 500-md) and a negative post-acid skin value (s~ -4). Backgrou
materials in the pores of the reservoir formation. For this reason the stimulation results using the known standard acid fluid formulations fo
n reduced to the minimum possible compatible with the type of reservoir from whi
te between HCl and carbonate limits the penetration of HCl into the formation especially at low pumping rates. The reaction of HCl often ne
ous media. Fluid Preparations Certain aspects of sample preparation and handling may affect properties of a fluid. During all procedures s
c of Orito Anticline The 250 ft thick reservoir is a massive sand with interbedded shale and carbonates deposited in a marine environment
g in carbonates provides opportunity not only to remove or by pass damage in the vicinity of the wellbore but to also improve the near-wellb
e an uneven depletion of the reservoir pressure hence new improvements in hydraulic fracturing to increase fracture conductivity are active
acteristics flow rate and pressure.2-6 Since the reduction in well productivity is primarily associated with the reduction in gas relative perm
w rates.ï¿½ The results of the tests confirm the original hypothesis that the response of the carbonate rock to acid depends on the RRT it b
will be supplied under a gas sales contract to the MLNG plants as shown in Figure 1. Long horizontal wells are drilled where there are no
Introduction Water management is becoming an increasingly important cost issue as oilfields around the world become more mature and
ell conditions. To be successful refracturing treatments must result in longer and/or more conductive propped fractures or expose more ne
and completed in Lance formation.

n additional benefit of CO2-based fluid is that it provides a weak acidic (low pH) environment that prevents even further common problems a
and completed in Lance formation.
yrau city. The structure was evaluated for deep drilling by seismic exploration in 1958. Exploratory drilling started in 1963. The field was di
sure in flowing wells falls below the dew point pressure of the fluid (Afidick et al. 1994; Barnum et al. 1995; Engineer 1985; Ayyalasomaya
olution would be shut off the water breakthough intervals and then stimulate the oil bearing intervals only. However conventional isolation t
Early water or gas breakthrough due to uneven fluid-front advance towards the well is observed in the higher permeability zones of hetero
injection well to flood all layers would result in poor sweep efficiency. Traditional solutions to this situation include: Completion of a separa
injection well to flood all layers would result in poor sweep efficiency. Traditional solutions to this situation include: Completion of a separa
ding issues in water injectors5 13-15. Several factors including repeated cycles of injection and shut-down crossflow backflow and water
ensate reservoir. For gas condensate reservoir when the pressure falls below the dew point a region of condensation is formed around the
icated by shallow fingers of salt which obscure the seismic imaging of the north flank of the structure and create a complex water bottom a
d to communication tests. Their interpretations however occasionally do not predict behind casing communication creating a perception of u
d to communication tests. Their interpretations however occasionally do not predict behind casing communication creating a perception of u
s and weather down time) Cost structure: coil tubing cost overruns overall stimulation cost Weather conditions make stimulation operation
ating production facility and two hydrocarbons storage floating facilities (one for oil one for LPG). The water depth varies between 150 m to
dizing the acid-rock reaction chemistry is extremely complex.3 4 Nonetheless the dissolution reactions of sandstone constituents are slow
luid to hydraulically power a pump in a well. All that is needed to power a FPJP is a prolific high water cut producing zone that can be used
performed to remove liquid from the sandface and the well will eventually cease will flow at a lower rate and many eventually cease to produ
fluid column then the fluid column will rise in the conduit under the application of the pressure differential. After a certain amount of rise th
hat well cleanup complications increase with increasing well length and number of completion zones. Cleanup management has been reco
nd five gas injectors. The planned well depths ranged from 4000 m (11 972 ft) to 6341 m (20 798 ft). This design would require well rates u
f wells (Figure 3).ï¿½ A tight schedule between the drilling â€œgo ahead and the request for first gas delivery (18 months). A harsh enviro
pers describe the well-centric benefits of IWC in horizontal and/or multilateral wells in complex lithologies with the exception of Jalali (1998)
rature.6-14 Cased and Perforated (C&P) Completions This technique was applied in deeper reservoirs with relatively high strength UCS in
ave been recognized as a key enhanced recovery method in the field. Specifics of the geology and development history of the Sporyshevs
data increased the initial reserves forecast for the Manati field making it the largest gas reservoir in the north-northeast Brazilian region.
repeated multiples times until all the layers are stimulated. Most wells are flowed within 24 hours to remove the treating fluids from the reser
h big hole (to minimize sand production). A proper gun system was selected based on the analysis. To improve the wells productivity deep
y used in very competent formations which are unlikely to cave in. ï¿½These formations are often found deeper than 6000â€™ although e
al. 1990). More recent papers have advanced the knowledge of inhibitor reactions under various production conditions (Benton et al. 1993;
as well as in the discussion presented in this paper concerning the optimization model it has generally been assumed that the wellbore and
as well as in the discussion presented in this paper concerning the optimization model it has generally been assumed that the wellbore and
voir. However interpretation of the production performance of these 16 wells has been compromised by controversy as to whether all of the
voir. However interpretation of the production performance of these 16 wells has been compromised by controversy as to whether all of the
at a chosen set point. MPC is a class of algorithms that can compute a sequence of adjustments to the control system in order to optimize
or when bedding planes exhibit anisotropy poor areal displacement efficiency is expected. That is for a given economically acceptable wa
pments (Yeten et al. 2002; Saleri et al. 2006). Haradh-A12 is the first MRC/ML well to be equipped with SC in Ghawar field. It was drilled an
ted. In addition to measurement and control hardware smart-well operations require a control strategy. Present operation of smart wells is
ation of this kind of hydrocarbons in new reserves. Gas condensate reservoirs as a result of fluidsâ€™ production process and related wit
ens gravel packs or expandable screens) were used a possible result could have been sand influx early water breakthrough and reduce
the pumping capacity (Moreno et al. 1998) or to act as a backup to improve the reliability of the pumping system (Sarawyn 2003; Horn et a
eased dramatically over the past 10 years. In 1996 local gas production exceeded oil production for the first time as the twin island Caribbe
ypass a damaged area in the near wellbore region of the formation to increase the flow path and clean the perforations to increase product
ons about ESP system performance for well- and field-planning purposes. The structure of this article is as follows: First we outline the pro
major challenge. Unlike incompressible drilling fluids foam is a compressible high-viscosity non-Newtonian fluid. Temperature pressure
icinity of the wellbore because of formation damage and high velocity flow in slotted-liner completed wells has not been discussed in details
results were encouraging. Logistics is a large obstacle at Alpine due to â€œice road only access for fracture stimulation equipment and die
results were encouraging. Logistics is a large obstacle at Alpine due to â€œice road only access for fracture stimulation equipment and die
k formations respectively. A hard low-porosity interval at the bottom of the Ekofisk formation separates the two formations. Tor formation p
rates and expels oil into the adjacent carbonate matrix which provides the storage capacity for the oil. Some major and minor fracturing has
l flow rate. Introduction Initially the technology has been developed as fiber assisted transport system to reduce proppant settling time in lo
Fibers in various forms or compositions have been utilized in the oilfield business for decades whether to promote structural integrity of a
production lifetime. Historically hydraulic fracturing has been applied to low permeability formations as a means of further stimulation to inc
should in theory be critically important in either moderate permeability reservoirs for oil or low permeability reservoirs for gas (tight gas or s
effect of each parameter. In reality formation layers of different moduli are likely to have different in situ stresses (Teufel and Clark 1984) an
Nine of the jobs were bullheaded with linear gel injected into the formation ahead of cross-linked gel. The other two jobs were spotted down;
etions continuous multistage hydraulic fracturing of horizontal wells and selection of additives and fluids to maximize hydraulic fracture eff
ge from $0.30 to $10/bbl for injection or cavern disposal to $15 to $22/bbl for solidification and burial in a landfill (Puder 2007). Operators in
eir efforts to this topic. Prats (1961) was the first to introduce the issue of the optimum fracture geometry. According to his results optimum
riability (reservoir heterogeneity). Data was collected to characterize the reservoir by understanding the state of stress and the possible pro
uction rates. Introduction Frac-and-pack was first implemented in Venezuela in the early 1960s 1. Small scale stimulations were performed
ecreased primary recovery. In Western Siberia where highly conductive Tip Screen Out1 (TSO) treatments and large mesh size (12/18 me
d. Therefore the possibility of fracturing a horizontal well must be considered before the well is drilled. The appropriate contingency plans sh
e challenging Mauddud formation in the Sabriyah field in Northern Kuwait where in the last decade a couple of attempts at drilling horizonta
0m depth with an average permeability varying from 0.1 to 5 mD. Reservoir pressure has fallen from the original 2500 psi to 900 psi in the m
ered in the early 1960s and are still on production. The wells are draining mature reservoirs that require a relatively large amount of interv
st two decades many developments have enabled accelerated growth in horizontal well applications. Drilling has led the way with current t
e first field trial experience and lessons learned during deployment of the completion and implementation of the stimulation treatment and
of the Vyngayakhinskoe oil field the Priobskoye and Sugmutskoe oil fields and Gazpromâ€™s Yamburgskoe gas-condensate developmen
roduction history plot (Figure 1).
letion practices and production methodology and stimulation objectives.
e stimulation treatment is pumped. After the stimulation an isolation plug is typically set via wireline and then the next stage is perforated
used with soft rock formations. One of the characteristic examples of these is first of all the disparity between the calculated and observed m
on the bottom hole temperature and desired fluid viscosity. Fluid Breaker The VES fluid can break to water-like viscosity by exposure to li
d matrix porosities ranged from 6 to 20% though the 6 to 8% range is more prevalent.ï¿½ It is generally believed that the lateral shifting of
ed water on productivity. Through developing an understanding of this well performance behavior guidelines and/or success criteria are dev
locculation onset pressure of 6200 psia for the Magwa oil. This finding suggests the urgent need to implement an appropriate reservoir man
n addition it was surmised that the concentrated polymer has significant yield stress and its effect on fracture fluid clean-up was modeled us
ley sand is an abundant consolidated sand formation located throughout East Texas North Louisiana and South Arkansas.ï¿½ The Cotton
oseismic event hypocenters can however be obtained only from the assumed positions of the receivers and the perforations. Therefore a
greater than 200 ft in some cases.
and fracturing treatments have become high-tech operations using exotic fluids and state-of-the-art monitoring.ï¿½ The drilling and complet
slit will remain when the fracture closes and conductivity will be low while if the fracture surfaces are particularly rough large pathways thr
ll. The main goal of this study was to validate each methodâ€™s effectiveness and to construct a calibrated fracture model for the particula
geometry of what wascreated.The desired geometry is most often referred to as propped length width and height. Early efforts focused on
€”the openhole logs that are commonly used in the Russian oil field i.e. the spontaneous potential gamma-ray neutron and resistivity a
cy flow is not an issue. In the proppant pack however the high velocity of gas and the presence of liquid means that the apparent per
temperature gas reservoir underlying the giant Ghawar oil field in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. This formation is a heterogeneous re
ages may have been influenced by the northwest-southeast sandstone body and healed natural fracture orientations along with east-west
and Zinke 2002). Additionally the relative amount of various failure mechanisms such as fracture dilation also can be extracted through-pro
ear the wellbore. exposing downhole equipment to a higher risk of mechanical damage by the proppant entrained by the fluid to the wellbo
in formation). As a result a refracture treatment may initiate a fracture orthogonal to the initial propped fracture. As this orthogonal fracture
abilize displacement. Introduction In case of pressure differential in fluid surpassing a definite value a fracture could develop in porous me
c fracturing using large proppant sizes. Introduction In Western Siberia hydraulic fracturing has evolved from being a method to bypass sk
d its effect on fracture fluid clean-up was modeled using a modified reservoir simulator.10 However the existence of yield stress effect rem
ssure is approximately 5000 psi. This discovery in Block K was made in August 2002 with production initiated in August 2007. With recove
trying to restore reservoir pressure and well productivity. In the nineties the production profile of those fields showed a steep decline and re
acture path.ï¿½ These experiments provide valuable information because the conditions of the experiment such as the applied stress and
olation of experience from one asset to the others. Introduction This paper presents a study on well productivity from chalk fields in the No
s mainly focused on the flow mechanisms that affect fracture performance by considering a reduced permeability region due to condensate
een delineated until 1982 by 58 wells. The field area covers 50 km by 15 km along a NW-SE axis. Six groups of reservoirs (Objects) can be
of approximately 3150m MD (about 3000m TVD â€œS shape wells are drilled from multi-well pads) by utilizing massive hydraulic fracturing
When the flowing bottomhole pressure falls below the dewpoint of the reservoir fluid liquid condensate builds up (condensate banking) nea
econdly the inflow of gas may damage topside equipment that is not designed to process large quantities of this phase. Thirdly after break
nts. 7. Allowing nonassociated gas to be produced without recompleting the well. 8. Eliminating interventions for resizing or replacing conve
rature.6-14 Cased and Perforated (C&P) Completions This technique was applied in deeper reservoirs with relatively high strength UCS in
of the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board indicates more than 3000 orphan wells in Western Canada many of which are leaking gas to the s
odified and the additional pressure drop from high-velocity flow can be expressed as the Forchheimer equation (1901). The general unders
ers but in contrast matrix permeability is 1 â€“ 50 mD. The oil bearing strata are shallow at about 1200 m TVD. Total thickness of the M
ical communication. To overcome this disadvantage a horizontal well can be designed with some undulations in the well trajectory which w
onformance issues horizontal injectors were drilled and several of the existing vertical injectors were sidetracked as high angle or near hor
operation. By eliminating cementing requirements natural fractures are undamaged and easily stimulated during pumping operations. Intr
operation. By eliminating cementing requirements natural fractures are undamaged and easily stimulated during pumping operations. Intro
egion TOTAL is also operating Tunu Peciko Bekapai Handil and Sisi-Nubi fields. TOTAL is the major contributor for gas production in the
egion TOTAL is also operating Tunu Peciko Bekapai Handil and Sisi-Nubi fields. TOTAL is the major contributor for gas production in the
e fields and is the purpose of this paper. We will examine the advantages limitations and unique requirements for applying openhole com
The main reason for this could be that the limited flow coming from the toe section in a horizontal well causes a minor temperature disturba
s are generated based on gas composition given in Table 1. The reason to use the hydrate curve based on gas composition instead of com
d in 20 years. Most of this gas production has been used as recycling injection to maintenance pressure at 7 000 psia. More than 100 well
hance understanding of the flow downhole. DTS systems have been installed all over the world (Johnson et al. 2004; Brown et al. 2005; To
nt wells that reliable downhole flow control and monitoring equipment be used. The nature of downhole monitoring and control systems rend
consists of ruddist build-ups that vary laterally into barrier and shelf slope facies3. While matrix porosity is generally high with an average o
ock 474. Fig. 1 Na Kika location map. Reservoir sands in Na Kika typically have good to excellent rock quality with porosity generally ave
se in reservoir exposure through the extension of well length helped lower the pressure drawdown required to achieve the same rate and en
about 4000 BOPD dry oil currently the water cut raised slowly from 1.5% about 24%. Well 2 required well conditioning and performing as e
voir/well monitoring. We define an Intelligent Well in this paper as a well producing from a single or multiple zone(s) into a mother-bore lea
nto or out of each zone with Interval Control Valves (ICVs). Managing the future reservoir performance based on correct decision taking
field at a plateau production rate near the maximum design rating of the separators. However Therefore in order to maintain the production
Algeroy et al. 1999; Glandt 2005). However considerable challenges remain in the formulation of control strategies to operate the valves d
um formed within the Petroleum Engineering Department at the Colorado School of Mines. The group performs practical research in all are
um formed within the Petroleum Engineering Department at the Colorado School of Mines. The group performs practical research in all are
n important role in efficiency of foam in porous media. The growing concern about the global warming and shortage of energy supply has in
with the backpressure. Moreover fractional flow models do not account for the evolution of bubble population and therefore might not be ac
applied to transient foam the SBP foam model does not require taking into account foam trapping because the yield stress of foam is low
he basis for Turnerâ€™s method is the determination of the gas rate necessary to overcome the terminal fall velocity of a liquid droplet whic
approximately 165 m from the seabed at 20 bars. The peak production rates were 77 MMscf/d and 6 300 stbo/d in Oct. 2004. The produc
e. The velocity at which the gas moves upward approaches the terminal velocity at which liquid droplets would fall downward in a stagnant g
regime can take place (see Figure 3). Moreover decrease in reservoir pressure can lead to additional fluid influx caused by condensation o
based on a force balance on a falling droplet although it is known to not always be correct. In laboratories liquid loading occurs due to the
ibution for North American gas wells. Low rate gas wells almost always cease production due to liquids accumulation in the wellbore. Cons
side diameter. However the Turner criteria can only be used as a rough guideline in North Sea gas wells because it is only reflecting reality
um critical flow rate or Turner rate. Gas rates below the critical rate results in droplets falling and accumulating downhole. Coleman et al3 co
ow the departure of high pressure gas and water mix. In order to be able to push the water column up a solid cylinder or â€œplunger is us
acteristics and performance White[6] studied experimentally intermittent gas lift with and without a plunger in 1982. A surprising result from
water rates. Gas wells producing below the critical flow rate frequently accumulate liquids in the bottom of the well. Liquid loading and critic
Wellbore hydraulics were found to have much less impact because of the small wellbore volume relative to the volume of acid injected. Gd
nd water breakthrough contribute to sand production; however these pseudo-static tools do not consider the effect of flow mechanics when
heseis types of reservoirs. It is widely known that the conventional logs may not be able to detect these thinly bedded reservoirs due to their
ut or changes in the artificial lift mechanism used to produce the hydrocarbon. The potential of sand production is dependent on various fa
dissolution to dominant wormhole wormhole ramification and eventually a more uniformed dissolution as the ratio of flow rate to reaction ra
e formation (Lower Devonian/Gedinian) which is one of the main reservoirs of this field. Field-Î² was discovered in 2002. It is located in the
inflatable bridge plug and perforating J10.1 with deep penetration gun the well managed to be produced at 22.7 MMSCF/D & stabilized at 4
ng the well with the reservoir by creating a tunnel which goes through the casing cement sheath and the reservoir rock. The main objective
aâ€™s Peace River asset. Quantitatively it means the development and utilization of technology that can increase the recovery by relatively
oduction from multiple zones drilling through the thin sandstones at deviation and/or drilling with a larger bit size increases the amount of p
ult Shell has initiated research programs to build a better understanding of perforating phenomena - the results of which will feed back into
erforation for fracturing as described by Behrmann and Nolte (1998): ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½An ideal perforation for fracture initiation would have a
erforation for fracturing as described by Behrmann and Nolte (1998): ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½An ideal perforation for fracture initiation would have a
equirements Fig.1 for the producing wells often require 2 inch carrier perforating guns to be run through tubing and shot in 7 inch casing in a
ability. New well logs were run and when they identified increasing water cut in the production Chevron decided to try a new technology to
uts of nodal analysis. Introduction Pressure transient testing (PTT) is often used to obtain reservoir properties such as reservoir pressure
drill pipe Cheaper daily rate compared to perforating with the rig. There are two conventional types of CT perforation methods; Wired C
adjacent shot exit holes which is also unacceptable. The risk associated with either an overswollen or split gun is extremely high and shoul
believed to contain a â€œcrushed zone of reduced permeability which is detrimental to flow performance [2]. Therefore it has been an on
id to flow from reservoir to the wellbore. When the perforations are left damaged or plugged inflow will suffer over the life of the well. The qu
fields of Brazil4 5 6. Decision-making on scale prevention removal and on stimulation of scaled-up wells is based on scale damage predic
mpairment[5]. The injectivity decline depends on metal cation concentration in injected water formation damage coefficient kinetics of ch
ate during produced water reinjection.ï¿½The role of porous formation mechanics on the interaction between a permeability-damaged zon
ssary technology and expertise to meet these challenges. In 1998 the appraisal well 4-RJS-477 was drilled and put on an extended well te
figuration as the current platform infrastructure would not support installation of a gas-lift system. The idea of using one of the main gas res
depletion drive based on the weak aquifers seen in existing fields in the area. The Shallow Clastics reservoirs overlay deeper Central Lucon
eters (ï¿½m). The initial reservoir pressures are equivalent to 12.4 to 13.9 lbm/gal. The reservoirs produce through depletion/compaction dr
mpleted on 10-30-93. Cement was drilled out and well cleaned to 6563' (PBTD). The Unayzah reservoir was perforated with 4-1/2" TCP Gu
ogram includes two water-injection wells and five frac-pack producing wells. Three of the five producing wells include stacked-frac-pack com
Reservoir sands were deposited throughout the Miocene in a lower-slope channel-levee turbidite depositional environment with sand accum
producing sand. Eight direct vertical access wells from the Ursa TLP and three subsea Princess Wells will directly benefit from the planned
e Shallow Clastics reservoirs overlay deeper Central Luconia carbonate gas reservoirs which are already on production with further fields i
on sand production; for very clear reasons which include erosion of downhole surface equipments and the high cost of handling produced
in the Greater Plutonio Development. The LPSA data for the main reservoir the Plutonio O73 are shown in Figure 2. The majority of the s
n occurs from neighboring wells. The non-Darcy effect is too significant to overlook. The wellâ€™s inflow performance will depend on reser
and selective completion by isolation of shale interlayers inside horizontal gravel packed wells (Machado et al 2001) constituted expressiv
e oil producer well and subsequent treatment with the proposed clean up fluid. Introduction In an attempt to maximize hydrocarbon produc
in the Greater Plutonio Development. The LPSA data for the main reservoir the Plutonio O73 are shown in Figure 2. The majority of the s
rformances the new infilling wells have to be drilled contacting several sand bodies and consequently several shale interlayers (whose thic
ering the screens) pressure increase during the Alpha Wave is negligible although the pressure rise during Beta Wave can be substantial.
ing this type of completion was increased.[1 2]ï¿½ Geographics and Logistics To provide insight for the reader into the extreme remote
M as the screens are run in hole and during subsequent displacement processes so that the operator can decide whether further condition
ock. Under a production sharing agreement with Sociedade Nacional de Combustï¿½veis de Angola (SONANGOL) the Angolan state oil co
mations which produce oil gas or water. In some situations small quantities of formation sand can be produced with minimal problems; ho
e) formations which produce oil gas or water. In some situations small quantities of formation sand can be produced with minimal problem
l is deviated at 41ï¿½ but perforations are normally phased. The horizontal perfs are predicted to fail in shear as soon as any drawdown is
e as observed in the lab. This agreement provided validation of the operatorâ€™s general sand prediction methodology and gave good con
pths and pressure environments the MTTF is yet to be determined for many of the current sand controlled completions. In a recent deepwa
curred in the reservoir between a horizontal water injector and a horizontal producer some 2130 ft apart. Both wells were completed with u
ased-hole sand control completions are installed in new wells. The most common method is to install a filtering media i.e. screens and size
ased-hole sand control completions are installed in new wells. The most common method is to install a filtering media i.e. screens and size
e analyses provided a picture of the sands being generally more poorly sorted with high fines content and chlorite-rich. This resulted in a co
some sectors of the industry as the fourth component of production stream: oil gas water and sand. In conventional operations sand prod
e high productivity up to 40 000 barrels of oil per day (BOPD) because of the excellent reservoir characteristics. Pressure maintenance of
eformation. In the early stages sand content may approach 40-45 % by volume of the total (gas free) produced material. However as san
overed during workover operations. At that time the issue was not considered to be a major problem but that changed at the end of the 198
for conducting the well design analysis through a series of computer simulations of various options for well completion schemes.ï¿½ The fie
ods provide the above accuracies without needing complex or extensive lab programmes to determine advanced rock mechanics properti
ods provide the above accuracies without needing complex or extensive lab programmes to determine advanced rock mechanics properti
raightforward to detect and identify sanding problem if massive sand is produced to surface. However situation is quite different if it is not th
raightforward to detect and identify sanding problem if massive sand is produced to surface. However situation is quite different if it is not th
ny occasions in the field that initiation of sand production coincides with water breakthough (Veeken et al. 1991; Bruno et al. 1996). But on
ny occasions in the field that initiation of sand production coincides with water breakthough (Veeken et al. 1991; Bruno et al. 1996). But on
y high drawdown (DD) and in fact showing an increase in stability with depletion (field examples presented later)?ï¿½ How should the DD
y high drawdown (DD) and in fact showing an increase in stability with depletion (field examples presented later)?ï¿½ How should the DD
issimilar production rates times to peak production decline curves and gas compositional shifts. Such variations in production and gas com
main productive for 20 years and longer. The control of solids production in these high-rate wells over the life of the well is a challenge and
main productive for 20 years and longer. The control of solids production in these high-rate wells over the life of the well is a challenge and
D and 1.09 MMSCFD. A start up was attempted in January 2006. Upon start up the well produced about half a cup of solids in 8 hours. Sh
is introduced. Modeling Strategies. Several analytical and numerical models have been proposed for the prediction of sanding (Risnes et a
is introduced. Modeling Strategies. Several analytical and numerical models have been proposed for the prediction of sanding (Risnes et a
ng image analysis of thin sections the different failure behavior could be linked to petrographical rock properties and a predictive model of
he nearby fields has been mixed1. An integrated geomechanics study for the multi-fields was therefore conducted to assess wellbore stabili
ions.ï¿½These techniques were then used to select an appropriate chemical for field treatment.ï¿½Field treatments have now been condu
the base case the ideal vertical open hole produces single-phase fluid the fluid flow obeys Darcyâ€™s law and the formation is neither st
eristics near perforations can be conveniently divided into three parts: the flow in a plane perpendicular to the wellbore the blockage of flow
d hence enhance diversion during matrix acidizing treatments. High-viscosity fluids are needed during acid-fracturing treatments to reduce l
kground The Permian Basin in West Texas USA is renowned for its prolific carbonate reservoirs. Covering an area in excess of 86 000 squ
Nierode-Kruk correlation. Introduction Acid fracturing is a well stimulation process in which acid dissolution along the face of the hydraulic
kground The Permian Basin in West Texas USA is renowned for its prolific carbonate reservoirs. Covering an area in excess of 86 000 squ
ustry leaders and one of the most experienced operators using this technology in deep high pressure and temperature carbonate gas bear
Before or after the placement of gravel with completion fluids low-density brines or linear gels an acid treatment is usually pumped to remo
ar field is therefore largely dependant on the wellpath intersecting sufficient natural fracture swarms to allow the well to produce economical
979; Economides and Nolte 1989). These materials can work effectively only in a narrow permeability contrast and may result in residual d
ercome this problem and achieve diversion the injected acid conveyed by coiled tubing was spotted in front of all producing intervals. St
ercome this problem and achieve diversion the injected acid conveyed by coiled tubing was spotted in front of all producing intervals. St
n value (s~ -4). Background The most important factors contributing to the success or failure of matrix treatments are the correct fluid sel
d acid fluid formulations for different reservoir formations and for different wells in the same reservoir can vary widely. Optimization of the sa
e reaction of HCl often needs to be retarded by gelling 1 emulsifying 2 or adding viscoelastic surfactants.3 In addition to the high reaction ra
. During all procedures steps shall be taken to minimize air entrainment into the fluid. The procedure used to prepare the fluid sample shall
d in a marine environment. The variation in the vertical lithology subdivides the reservoir into four distinct flow units or layers A B C and D i
so improve the near-wellbore permeability by creating large flow channels (wormholes) with the acid dissolution.ï¿½ The chemistry of carbo
ure conductivity are actively discussed. Adding to the issue is evidence in fracture impairment through poor fracture and wellbore clean-up a
ction in gas relative permeability a great deal of effort has gone into measuring and modeling the relative permeability of gas-condensate f
d depends on the RRT it belongs to. In other words rock samples with similar PSD exhibit similar trends in PVBT.ï¿½ The significance of th
drilled where there are no compartmentalization or baffles in the carbonate reservoirs. In addition the wells are completed with large tubing s
ecome more mature and produce increasing quantities of water. The financial impact of handling such large volumes of water can be illustra
ctures or expose more net pay thickness to the wellbore (establishing linear flow into the wellbore) as compared to the well conditions that
urther common problems associated with clay swelling. The negative effects of using higher pH fluids in the Frontier formation in the Big Ho
d in 1963. The field was discovered in 1964. Exploration work was carried out in 1964 to 1978. Tectonically it is hosted in a salt dome struc
eer 1985; Ayyalasomayajula et al. 2005). The reduction in well productivity is caused by the buildup of a condensate bank around the well
r conventional isolation tools and stimulation techniques will not work in this case because the Mauddud formation is usually completed in
rmeability zones of heterogeneous and layered reservoirs. The need to reduce a wellâ€™s excessive gas production includes the maintena
: Completion of a separate injection well to each major layer Completion in one layer of the reservoir at a time with subsequent interventi
: Completion of a separate injection well to each major layer Completion in one layer of the reservoir at a time with subsequent interventi
sflow backflow and water-induced strength reduction are known to cause sanding in injectors. One important but under-studied factor is th
ation is formed around the well which impairs the well deliverability. The bank of condensation may be minimized using a horizontal well in g
a complex water bottom across the middle of the field where water depth changes 2 200 ft across a one-mile width. Because of this lack of
creating a perception of unreliability. Determining the confidence which can be placed upon cement log interpretations is an objective of th
creating a perception of unreliability. Determining the confidence which can be placed upon cement log interpretations is an objective of th
ake stimulation operation in conflict with other operations in a limited weather window. And added cost due to waiting for weather time. Co
h varies between 150 m to 300 m in the field. Gas and water injection are used for pressure support in the field. The general set-up is showe
one constituents are slow and generally considered surface limited they are not affected by the acid injection rate. The materials dissolved
ng zone that can be used to hydraulically power the pump. As of early 2007 there were 25 Kuparuk wells using FPJPâ€™s. The number o
eventually cease to produce due to loading There are many artificial lift techniques available to be used to attempt to continously remove
certain amount of rise the column is again trapped and the differential is now transferred across it. This causes further rise. The process c
anagement has been recognised as essential for successfully bringing the well on production with the highest possible production potential.
would require well rates up to 220 MMscf/D to meet the design premise of producing 1100 MMscf/D while re-injecting 950 MMscf/D of lean
8 months). A harsh environment location remote from any offshore oilfield over a dayâ€™s sailing time to reach the operational base (Pun
exception of Jalali (1998) and Glandt (2003). In fact Glandt provides a comprehensive review of this technology particularly from the view
vely high strength UCS in the range of 1 600 to 2 000 psi. A total of ten C&P completions were performed in high rate gas wells four in Am
history of the Sporyshevskoye field The Sporyshevskoye field is a multiple reservoir field comprising 26 stacked pays which belong to Cre
theast Brazilian region.
ating fluids from the reservoir. Operators seek to balance the quality and the cost of the stimulations vs. potential well production. One of th
e wells productivity deeper penetration and high shot density guns were selected as a perforating method to pass the radial extent of near
han 6000â€™ although each reservoir is different.ï¿½ In the strict sense an openhole completion consists of simply running the casing dir
itions (Benton et al. 1993; Sweeney and Cooper 1993; Lawless et al. 1993; Sorbie et al. 1994; Jordan et al. 1994; Jordan et al. 1995; Jorda
med that the wellbore and the flow path under consideration relatively vertical.ï¿½ The methodology discussed in this paper as well as the
med that the wellbore and the flow path under consideration relatively vertical.ï¿½ The methodology discussed in this paper as well as the
sy as to whether all of these wells were placed entirely within Mauddud or not.ï¿½ Reference 1 contains more details about production per
sy as to whether all of these wells were placed entirely within Mauddud or not.ï¿½ Reference 1 contains more details about production per
ystem in order to optimize the future behavior of a complex system. MPC was originally developed during the 1980s to meet the control nee
onomically acceptable water cut in the production wells large areas of the reservoir are left with high oil saturation. This may also be termed
awar field. It was drilled and completed as a trilateral selective producer with a surface-controlled variable multipositional hydraulic system.
operation of smart wells is based mostly on a â€œreactive control strategy in which valves are closed in reaction to the breakthrough of wa
n process and related with the production rate magnitude diminish their pressure below the dew point pressure. This situation is more evid
breakthrough and reduced recovery. Aerial maps and reservoir models of the West Brae field are shown in Figures 1-5. Inflow Control D
(Sarawyn 2003; Horn et al. 2004). DESPs have been used for managing reservoir issues such as water coning (Gonzalez et al. 2003) and
as the twin island Caribbean state of Trinidad and Tobago moved from a predominantly oil producing country to a major gas producer. The
ations to increase production. This technique must be implemented after performing corresponding laboratory tests. One of the biggest disa
: First we outline the problems and inconsistencies inherent with existing (non-SA) analysis approaches to ESP performance analysis. B
. Temperature pressure foam quality foam density flow velocity and rheological parameters vary along the wellbore; in addition frictiona
been discussed in details. Only a total skin was included in the model. The total skin term however does not explicitly relate the skin facto
ulation equipment and diesel transport to location. These logistic issues along with the increasing diesel fuel costs led the team to consider
ulation equipment and diesel transport to location. These logistic issues along with the increasing diesel fuel costs led the team to consider
rmations. Tor formation permeabilities range from 0.2 to 4 m whereas the Ekofisk formation permeabilities range from 0 to 0.7 m. Virgin re
r and minor fracturing has occurred which can be additional conduits and storage for the generated oil. Fig. 2 shows the productive Bakken
proppant settling time in low viscosity fluids1-3. Tight gas formations in North America were the prime target application for this novel techno
ote structural integrity of a cement system and more recently to combat lost circulation issues and to prevent proppant flowback in hydraul
f further stimulation to increase the production rate.1 2 In the recent years hydraulic fracturing for controlling formation sand and enhanced
oirs for gas (tight gas or shale). It is conceptually intuitive to argue that reducing the capillary pressure of the fluid in the near fracture region
Teufel and Clark 1984) and the contributions of both must be considered together. With the development of tiltmeter and microseismic map
o jobs were spotted down; the tool was shifted; and then the cross-linked gel was injected into the formation. In all the jobs the bullheading
mize hydraulic fracture effective length and conductivity are but a few employed. Other cost-control measures include reducing additives in
uder 2007). Operators in the United States have reported that disposal and treatment costs for their produced water exceeded $400 MM/y
ng to his results optimum fracture design for a HFW in a square drainage area under the Darcy flow regime is gained when dimensionless
ress and the possible production mechanism (natural fractures or matrix flow).ï¿½ Ideal completions (single stage single sand) limited ent
mulations were performed using crude oil as fracturing fluid with gravel sized to control production of formation sand. Ball sealers were used
arge mesh size (12/18 mesh and larger) Intermediate Strength Proppants (ISP) are regularly pumped fracture height growth is additionally
riate contingency plans should be made to anticipate the possibility of low productivity from an unstimulated well. It should also be rememb
empts at drilling horizontal oil producer were mostly unsuccessful and showed very disappointing production figures with higher than expec
500 psi to 900 psi in the most productive areas. The following section is a detail of possible reasons explaining the low production post-frac
ely large amount of intervention work such as matrix acidizing water control scale removal and sand consolidation to maintain an econom
ed the way with current technology capable of drilling thousands of feet laterally through a hydrocarbon reservoir. Drilling technology has e
timulation treatment and the post stimulation results. Suggested optimization steps from this successful experience are discussed as a way
-condensate development. Introduction In the last decade emphasis has been placed increasingly on the conductivity of the proppants us
next stage is perforated or jetted. This method of treating multiple production intervals at the same time can result in less than an optim
calculated and observed moments of tip screen-out (TSO). Consequently TSO may start either earlier or later than expected. In the first ca
viscosity by exposure to liquid hydrocarbons or dilution with reservoir brines.ï¿½Additionally a new encapsulated breaker has been develo
that the lateral shifting of the depositional environment in the Morrow formations of SENM over time has resulted in a complex vertical sequ
or success criteria are developed for the design and execution of successful water fracs in the Cotton Valley Formation or any tight formatio
appropriate reservoir management strategy to conserve reservoir energy and to maintain the formation pressure much higher than the asp
clean-up was modeled using a modified reservoir simulator.7 8 The production simulation indicated clearly that yield stress can result in on
Arkansas.ï¿½ The Cotton Valley sand was formed during the late Jurassic period.1ï¿½ The depositional environment was relatively shallo
perforations. Therefore any error in the positioning of the monitoring array or of the perforations is directly projected into error of the absolu
½ The drilling and completions engineer must account for the initial production scenario as well as the future service of the well while balanc
rough large pathways throughout the fracture will be propped open by the large surface asperities and conductivity will be high. As the clos
ure model for the particular reservoir under investigation. The results of this investigation will be used to optimize fracture design pressure m
t. Early efforts focused on logging temperature profiles after a frac job. This technique was based on the â€œcooling effect that was created
neutron and resistivity and information from common well testing. In most cases these were the only data available in any significant qua
ans that the apparent permeability of the proppant is a function of gas velocity and ratio of free liquid rate to gas rate. These are in addition
on is a heterogeneous reservoir consisting of dolomite and limestone with streaks of anhydrite shale or non-permeable intervals. This hete
ons along with east-west sandstone body primary open natural fracture and horizontal stress directions. The upper stages may have been
n be extracted through-processing technique known as moment-tensor inversion (Gibowicz and Kijko 1994). Most hydraulic-fracture micros
d by the fluid to the wellbore.

s this orthogonal fracture propagates away from the initial fracture the production induced stress change diminishes and the minimum stres
uld develop in porous medium and start its propagation due to increased fluid flow. This is the so-called hydraulically driven fracture. By now
ng a method to bypass skin caused by wellbore damage to becoming a full reservoir management tool. It was only recently that the fractu
e of yield stress effect remained controversial.ï¿½ï¿½ This publication presents the early JIP effort that focused on the process of polyme
August 2007. With recoverable reserves in excess of 400 million barrels of oil it is expected to achieve a plateau production rate of 120 000
ed a steep decline and reservoir pressure presented a significant depletion. In 1993 PETROBRAS started a strategic IOR project (named
as the applied stress and sample material properties are better controlled than for field experiments. In addition the entire fracture is more
rom chalk fields in the North Sea as a function of different stimulation completion and production techniques. The objective of the study wa
region due to condensate banking in the matrix around the fracture only. The negative impact of inertial flow within the propped fracture por
eservoirs (Objects) can be found between 1250 m and 3700 m .The sweet oil bearing sandstoneâ€™s reservoirs constituting Objects 1 4
assive hydraulic fracturing treatments that are the largest and the most complicated in China. The general completion practice at Bajiaocha
(condensate banking) near the wellbore as shown in Fig. 3.
phase. Thirdly after breakthrough the gas cap of the oil reservoir will be depleted fast taking away its drive energy. The difficulty of contain
esizing or replacing conventional gas lift equipment. 9. Providing the ability to control gas and water coning (Betancourt et al. 2002). An es
vely high strength UCS in the range of 1 600 to 2 000 psi. A total of ten C&P completions were performed in high rate gas wells four in Am
ch are leaking gas to the surface or underground formations. Leakage causes pollution of subsurface waters loss of petroleum resources a
1901). The general understanding is that the high-velocity coefficient in two-phase flow is higher than in single-phase gas flow in a dry rock.
Total thickness of the Mishrif formation can be as much as 150 m (~500 ft). The formation is normally pressured and bottomhole tempera
he well trajectory which will avoid the direct dependency on vertical permeability. In addition this will further increase the contact between
as high angle or near horizontal wells to place injection into the un-swept upper Zone 4 Ivishak1. By accessing the remaining reserves in th
pumping operations. Introduction Over the last two decades many developments have enabled an accelerated growth in horizontal drilling
pumping operations. Introduction Over the last two decades many developments have enabled an accelerated growth in horizontal drilling.
r for gas production in the region. Fig. 1 shows a map of the different fields location. The Tambora field produces from a series of interbedd
r for gas production in the region. Fig. 1 shows a map of the different fields location. The Tambora field produces from a series of interbedd
or applying openhole completions. Major issues evaluated include fluid isolation and coning damage remediation fluid mobility and conform
minor temperature disturbance which can be overlooked easily in the DTS traces (Ouyang and Belanger 2006). Good results from the initial
omposition instead of combined reservoir fluid composition is to give more conservatism although it was found that the difference between
psia. More than 100 wells have been drilled in the main reservoir which 20 wells are closed exhibiting problem with high GOR due to the d
04; Brown et al. 2005; Tolan et al. 2001; Brown et al. 2004; Brown et al. 2000; Kragas et al. 2001; Lanier et al. 2003; Fryer et al. 2005; Kluth
and control systems renders them inaccessible after installation and therefore repair or replacement of faulty downhole equipment normal
lly high with an average of 25% and does not vary laterally; permeability is facies-dependent and exhibits spatial variability. In south Shay
with porosity generally averaging 30% or more and permeability ranging between 100 to 1000 md. Gross thickness of the individual reservo
ieve the same rate and enhance the well productivity1-2. Major operators have proved the advantages of such wells in improving recovery
oning and performing as expected. The key advantage of using ICD is that it balances the flow across the entire horizontal section; delays e
(s) into a mother-bore leading to commingled production from different zones and / or lateral bores. An Intelligent Well also has the ability
n correct decision taking requires a model that accurately reflects the behavior of the reservoir system. Common reservoir management ob
o maintain the production plateau for an extended period a MAC process (monitoring analysis and control) process must be in place to re
es to operate the valves during production particularly when there is uncertainty associated with the reservoir description. Inflow control to
ractical research in all areas of oil and gas well stimulation. In the pursuit of enhancing our understanding of fracture height growth and con
ractical research in all areas of oil and gas well stimulation. In the pursuit of enhancing our understanding of fracture height growth and con
ge of energy supply has increased the interest in combined geological CO2 storage and Enhanced Oil Recovery applications [12-14]. Althou
therefore might not be accurate when describing transient motion [3]. Percolation models which take into account the pore level mechanism
ield stress of foam is low and then foam trapping is unlikely to occur.11 This is in good agreement with studies of tracer transport during fo
city of a liquid droplet which Turner determined to be the phenomena controlling liquid accumulation in a well. For liquid droplets that are rou
n Oct. 2004. The production declined to 16 MMscf/d and 900 stbo/d with WC of 70% a year later. TABLE 1 shows some selected represe
downward in a stagnant gas1 2. This means more liquid will be retained in the casing or tubing. The consequence of liquid accumulation in
caused by condensation or an aquifer getting active. A typical gas well production profile can been seen in Figure 1 where the onset of the
oading occurs due to the drainage of the liquid film which is present at the tubing walls in annular flow (Belt 2008 Westenende 2008). In pr
ation in the wellbore. Consequently deliquification of low rate gas wells is of great importance to North American gas producers. Coupled w
e it is only reflecting reality in vertical wells in mist flow. However it has been confirmed with field experience that the order of magnitude of
wnhole. Coleman et al3 confirmed the Turner rate for predicting liquid removal and tested other parameters such as lower wellhead pressur
nder or â€œplunger is used. This cylinder acts as a barrier between the gas and liquid and moves up and down with every opening and clo
2. A surprising result from his study is that the plunger with a hole through its center produced the lowest fallback value. From this work one
l. Liquid loading and critical flow rate issues have been well documented in the literature (Lea et al. 2003). The liquid accumulation phenom
olume of acid injected. Gdanski2 described recent advances in carbonate stimulation stating that zonal coverage of long carbonate sections
ct of flow mechanics when making sand initiation predictions. Yale (2002) showed that a reservoir that undergoes plastic deformation requir
ded reservoirs due to their limited insufficient vertical resolution. Therefore new technology logging services such as tri-axial resistivity high
s dependent on various factors including in-situ stresses pore pressure formation properties depletion water-cut etc. If the strength of res
o of flow rate to reaction rate increases5. Rock dissolution patterns generated by reactive fluid injection are controlled not only by the chem
n 2002. It is located in the western sector of block 403 at a distance of 25 km west from Field-Î±. In this area the Tadrart formation underlie
MMSCF/D & stabilized at 48 MMCSF/D (23 % choke size) with total gain of 41MMSCF/D which was higher than the expected gain of 35 MM
rock. The main objective of perforating is to create a clean tunnel sufficiently long that it reaches the undamaged reservoir. This process is
e the recovery by relatively uniform deposition of large amounts of heat in a reservoir. One of such technologies is the limited-entry perforati
ncreases the amount of pay zone in contact with the wellbore and thus improves the potential productivity per well. Well productivity can b
f which will feed back into the software refining its capabilities and increasing the userâ€™s ability to design and simulate perforating opera
ure initiation would have a minimum injection pressure initiate only a single fracture (either a dominant single or bi-wing) and generate a ï¿
ure initiation would have a minimum injection pressure initiate only a single fracture (either a dominant single or bi-wing) and generate a ï¿
d shot in 7 inch casing in a static underbalance environment around 1000 psi. In many cases after perforating with this method the wells we
to try a new technology to perforate these wells rather than the conventional tubing-conveyed perforating (TCP) techniques previously used
ch as reservoir pressure formation transmissibility and skin factor. These dynamic properties are very important to estimate hydrocarbon
oration methods; Wired CT in which an electric cable will be injected into the CT reel. Standard CT in which a pressure activated firing m
extremely high and should be avoided during perforating job planning and system development. A validated analytical model for predicting
erefore it has been an ongoing goal of perforating charge / system design to either prevent this crushed zone from being created or to rem
the life of the well. The quality of the perforation job design and execution is a major consideration in any completion program.
d on scale damage prediction provided by reliable mathematical modelling with coefficients determined from laboratory or field data. Sever
e coefficient kinetics of chemical reaction salt deposition rock permeability and injection rate. The injectivity prediction and consequent d
ermeability-damaged zone around the fracture and a plug at the fracture tip is specifically explored.ï¿½This paper also discusses the follo
put on an extended well test (EWT). The well was completed with a cased hole gravel pack (CHGP) and the oil production pumped to a nei
g one of the main gas reservoirs as a source of gas lift was investigated and found to be feasible. Another technology considered was the i
lay deeper Central Luconia carbonate gas reservoirs which are already on production with further fields in development; therefore a gas p
h depletion/compaction drive. The Magnolia field is being produced from eight wells. Six employ single frac-pack completions; one a single
orated with 4-1/2" TCP Guns selectively from 6264' to 6392'. The well was completed with a new ESP with bypass assembly ran on 3-1/2" E
de stacked-frac-pack completions. Future well plans include an additional extended-reach frac-pack producing completion and a sidetrack o
ironment with sand accumulation features â€˜pondingâ€™ up against normal faults. The sandstones are dominantly fine grained but range
benefit from the planned water flood. The current lack of pressure support in the reservoir sand results in relatively low recovery efficiencie
uction with further fields in development; therefore a gas-processing and gathering system was already in place. Gas from all of these field
ost of handling produced sand.
e 2. The majority of the sands are well sorted with low fines content. There are however some poorly sorted sands with higher fines conten
ance will depend on reservoir characteristics and the completion design. Relevant study has been performed to compare different completi
01) constituted expressive challenges. Selective completion in long horizontal sections was achieved through the use of two equipments w
mize hydrocarbon productivity and minimize formation drawdown Horizontal Open Hole Gravel Packing method has been accepted as a pr
e 2. The majority of the sands are well sorted with low fines content. There are however some poorly sorted sands with higher fines conten
ale interlayers (whose thickness is in the range of 0.5-3.0 m). It is well known that in the presence of shale however the Openhole expanda
Wave can be substantial. This is because of the narrow annulus between the screen base pipe and the wash pipe through which the carrie
r into the extreme remoteness of the area of operation these fields are located in the very southern tip of South America in Terra Del Fue
whether further conditioning and thus the additional rig time is worth the associated cost. Introduction A significant portion of openho
L) the Angolan state oil company partners in the field include Total E&P Angola (40% operator) Esso Exploration Angola (Block 17) Ltd (2
with minimal problems; however in most cases sand production leads to reduced productivity and/or excessive maintenence to both down
uced with minimal problems; however in most cases sand production leads to reduced productivity and/or excessive maintenance of both
soon as any drawdown is applied to the well. However sanding is delayed past the prediction and so the sanding prediction is conservati
dology and gave good confidence in the earlier rock mechanical predictions made for the field. Introduction A rock mechanical analysis for
tions. In a recent deepwater sand control and sand management internal benchmarking survey conducted by a major operator 17 out of 23
lls were completed with un-cemented pre-perforated liners. A comprehensive investigation by McDiarmid et al2 led to a conclusion that the
dia i.e. screens and sized gravel or proppant to exclude formation sand and fines from entering the wellbore. Depending on vicinity-to-wat
dia i.e. screens and sized gravel or proppant to exclude formation sand and fines from entering the wellbore. Depending on vicinity-to-wat
e-rich. This resulted in a conservative approach to gravel sizing and an aversion to the use of acid which will tend to create iron precipitate g
onal operations sand production like water production commonly occurred unexpectedly requiring ad hoc modifications in order to maintain
Pressure maintenance of the field is achieved with seawater injection and re-injection of produced gas for a limited time. The variations exp
material. However as sand production decreases this effect appears to become negligible with time. The second and dominant sanding
nged at the end of the 1980s when ESPs were introduced across the field. Some of these ESPs which were installed to sustain production
etion schemes.ï¿½ The field example results will also show the effective use of rock failure characteristics by the engineers for the control o
d rock mechanics properties. The application of this approach to the Messla field and a later comparison of the results to actual field data a
d rock mechanics properties. The application of this approach to the Messla field and a later comparison of the results to actual field data a
quite different if it is not the case. Since it first went on to production in the year 1969 the field has been reported to have been experiencin
quite different if it is not the case. Since it first went on to production in the year 1969 the field has been reported to have been experiencin
runo et al. 1996). But on other occasions it has been observed that both events do not relate to each other and sand production may initia
runo et al. 1996). But on other occasions it has been observed that both events do not relate to each other and sand production may initia
?ï¿½ How should the DD strategy in terms of rate of change and magnitude be adjusted as the rock undergoes a structural change from a c
?ï¿½ How should the DD strategy in terms of rate of change and magnitude be adjusted as the rock undergoes a structural change from a c
in production and gas composition have been attributed to many factors in the literatures including coal physical and chemical properties; v
e well is a challenge and requires a good understanding of the mechanical behavior of the formation under a variety of conditions. Various
e well is a challenge and requires a good understanding of the mechanical behavior of the formation under a variety of conditions. Various
up of solids in 8 hours. Shake outs during this period showed between a trace and 10 percent of solids in the flow stream. At this time the
on of sanding (Risnes et al. 1982; Perkins and Weingarten 1988; Sanfilippo et al. 1995; Vaziri et al. 1997; Vaziri and Palmer 1998; Morita a
on of sanding (Risnes et al. 1982; Perkins and Weingarten 1988; Sanfilippo et al. 1995; Vaziri et al. 1997; Vaziri and Palmer 1998; Morita a
and a predictive model of sandstone failure characteristics was developed. This paper describes the development of the model and the ap
to assess wellbore stability and sand production potential in the fields. The data required for the study were obtained from laboratory and f
nts have now been conducted by downhole â€œsqueeze application using a treatment package similar to that identified in SPE 94865 and
the formation is neither stimulated nor damaged. The influence of the individual parameters not considered in the base case is quantified in
bore the blockage of flow to the perforations by the wellbore itself and the fully 3D flow resulting from the asymmetric distribution of perfora
ing treatments to reduce leakoff rate during acid injection into the fracture. Various chemicals were developed to enhance acid diversion by
a in excess of 86 000 square miles the basin is both vast and diverse in reservoir types and qualities. Even within specific areas and reserv
g the face of the hydraulically induced fracture is expected to create lasting conductivity after fracture closure.ï¿½ However conductivity afte
a in excess of 86 000 square miles the basin is both vast and diverse in reservoir types and qualities. Even within specific areas and reserv
rature carbonate gas bearing reservoirs. The company has continued to optimize and innovate from lessons learned and experience gained
s usually pumped to remove the near-wellbore formation damage or high skins encountered in wells perforated overbalanced (Unneland an
ell to produce economically. Natural fracture targets are identified during the drilling phase by careful monitoring of the drilling returns to spo
d may result in residual damage (Lynn and Nasr-El-Din 2001). These characteristics are highly undesirable particularly in low-pressure gas
all producing intervals. Starting late in 2003 a new approach used a viscoelastic diverting acid system to achieve diversion. This documen
all producing intervals. Starting late in 2003 a new approach used a viscoelastic diverting acid system to achieve diversion. This documen
ts are the correct fluid selection and the optimum zonal coverage. Less emphasis is commonly placed on carbonate versus sandstone mat
ely. Optimization of the sandstone acid stimulation fluids may now be done by numerical simulation of chemical reactions.17 However it wil
tion to the high reaction rate HCl is very corrosive to well tubulars. Expensive corrosion inhibitors can protect the tubulars at high temperatu
pare the fluid sample shall be documented as follows: a) Description and/or composition of the base fluid; b) Base fluid pre-treatment such
or layers A B C and D in ascending order Fig. 2.

¿½ The chemistry of carbonate acidizing is much more straight forward than sandstone acidizing.ï¿½ The simplicity results form the fact tha
e and wellbore clean-up and post frac workover operation.ï¿½ Efficient well flowback and underbalanced clean-up with coiled tubing are ex
bility of gas-condensate fluids. Several recent studies have been made using the pseudo pressure or flash method for measuring steady st
¿½ The significance of the results to the design of matrix treatments in carbonate reservoirs is discussed. Introduction Carbonate reservo
mpleted with large tubing size (7.5/8 tubing). The wells are cleaned up using a clean up package; stimulated with acid; further cleaned up be
mes of water can be illustrated using a typical North Sea field of 50 wells with each well producing 5000bbl of water per day. If the cost of tr
o the well conditions that exist prior to restimulation. In light of the above two key important aspects of any restimulation program or attemp
er formation in the Big Horn Basin can be found in references such as SPE paper by Lehman et al. Case studies of two wells are presented
osted in a salt dome structure. Nine horizons have been delineated: VIII1 (gas-condensate) VIII2 and VIII3 (gas-oil) and VIII4 in the Callo
sate bank around the well which impeded the flow of gas to the well and thus reduces its productivity. Since the reduction in well productiv
n is usually completed in the short string. It is quite challenging to isolate the water intervals and place the stimulation fluids precisely into th
ion includes the maintenance of the reservoir energy and the avoidance of exceeding the gas disposal capacity. The consequences of exc
with subsequent intervention recompletions. Commingled injection into multiple layers with a later intervention to attempt to correct the injec
with subsequent intervention recompletions. Commingled injection into multiple layers with a later intervention to attempt to correct the injec
under-studied factor is the damage induced by water hammer (WH) pressure pulses which may produce cyclic pressure variations of hund
using a horizontal well in gas condensate reservoir due to less pressure draw down for a horizontal well compared to that for a vertical well.
h. Because of this lack of clarity on the northern flank the south flank of the field would be initially developed via a central drill center locatio
ations is an objective of this task force. Behind casing communication of hydrocarbons via the cemented annular space means expensive r
ations is an objective of this task force. Behind casing communication of hydrocarbons via the cemented annular space means expensive r
ting for weather time. Contractual limitations An initiative of conducting stimulation campaigns in the region was started in early 2004. It w
he general set-up is showed on fig 1. The reservoir is of Albian age (Senji formation) and is located between 3100 m and 3400 m in TVD; it
. The materials dissolved by acids are typically the pore lining or filling materials rather than the matrix framework itself. Hence the framewo
PJPâ€™s. The number of FPJP wells at Kuparuk has increased yearly since these pumps were first introduced in 1997 as a new AL techn
pt to continously remove liquids from a liquid loaded gas well. See Table 1 and Table 2 below which is a basic chart of current artificial lift a
urther rise. The process continues until the fluid column reaches the surface. Meanwhile the high pressure and appreciable velocity air leav
sible production potential. Recent publications4 5 provided a qualitative discussion on cleanup as part of a comparative framework for the e
ting 950 MMscf/D of lean gas by July 2004. By 2006 when the LNG plant and pipeline were available 475 MMscf/D would be transported
the operational base (Punta Quilla) in a tax free area with associated administrative issues making logistics critical (Figure 4). Build/Re-bu
particularly from the viewpoint of reservoir engineering. The use of probabilistic analysis (van der Poela and Jansen 2004) to assess the va
rate gas wells four in Amherstia four in Flamboyant and two in Immortelle fields. C&P-1 Well: This well was completed in June 2002 targ
pays which belong to Cretaceous and Jurassic systems (groups of PK AS BS and JS reservoirs). It contains more than 50 distinct oil pools
well production. One of the most important parameters affecting production is the number of layers fractured during a single stage. Stimula
s the radial extent of near - well bore mechanical alteration. After perforation the production test showed a 3-fold increment in production c
ply running the casing directly down into the formation leaving the end of the piping open without any other protective filter. In a broader co
Jordan et al. 1995; Jordan et al. 1997; Lawless and Smith 1998; Smith et al. 2000; Collins 2003). The primary conclusions from several pre
this paper as well as the production optimization model in general is not necessarily restricted to use for vertical wells only.ï¿½ In spite of
this paper as well as the production optimization model in general is not necessarily restricted to use for vertical wells only.ï¿½ In spite of
tails about production performance of these 16 wells.ï¿½ Thus the objective of this project was to drill a tri-lateral well for maximum reservo
tails about production performance of these 16 wells.ï¿½ Thus the objective of this project was to drill a tri-lateral well for maximum reservo
0s to meet the control needs of power plants and petroleum refineries. Since then the range of MPC applications has continually grown so
. This may also be termed as poor â€œload balancing. The literature on the concept of locating missed pockets of oil goes back to Hurst (1
itional hydraulic system. This paper discusses a closed-loop approach that led to efficient realtime production optimization.
o the breakthrough of water or gas. The present paper proposes a more â€œproactive strategy to continuously optimize the oil production
This situation is more evident at near production wellsâ€™ zone where due to the reduction of radial gas flow area produces an additiona
es 1-5. Inflow Control Devices The key to increasing the Net Present Value of a reservoir is to increase recoverable reserves while den
Gonzalez et al. 2003) and multiple production zones (Almeida et al. 2002; Magherini et al. 2003). A DESP system deployed in a well experie
major gas producer. The gas growth has been driven by an increase in local demand and construction of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) infra
s. One of the biggest disadvantages of using acid in the well is the aggressiveness of these fluids making it impossible to perform matrix ac
performance analysis. Background on SA is then provided along with an outline of the three main classes of SA methodology. We define
bore; in addition frictional pressure gradient hydrostatic pressure gradient and acceleration pressure gradient are coupled. This becomes
plicitly relate the skin factor to the physical parameters controlling the additional pressure drop around the wellbore. In reality there exists in
s led the team to consider reviewing alternative fracture fluid systems to determine the impact on well performance versus continued use of
s led the team to consider reviewing alternative fracture fluid systems to determine the impact on well performance versus continued use of
from 0 to 0.7 m. Virgin reservoir pressure is 6 300 to 6 400 psig and reservoir temperature is 240ËšF (9 425 ft TVD). The reservoir is mode
ws the productive Bakken Middle Member in the Richland County Elm Coulee Field. The â€œBar Trend is a very consistently developed th
ation for this novel technology where low concentration and small mesh size proppant fracture treatments are typically pumped. These frac
ppant flowback in hydraulic fracture stimulation1. Most recently however the scope of fiber application has vastly expanded with additiona
ation sand and enhanced productivity in high permeability unconsolidated formations has gained broader acceptance.3 Sand control and s
n the near fracture region should improve flowback of the fracturing fluid and reduce the drawdown to produce. In practice it is understood
eter and microseismic mapping services more direct measurements or estimates of hydraulic fracture geometry are available. It has been o
the jobs the bullheading rate varied from 8-12 bpm; and the injection rate varied from 15-45 bpm. The casing size ranged from 7 â€“ 10.25
ude reducing additives in fracture fluids and minimizing disposal costs of produced waters by recycling and using them as completion and fr
ater exceeded $400 MM/yr (Khatib and Verbeek 2002). Finding alternative uses for flowback water in the E&P industry is both an economi
ned when dimensionless fracture conductivity that is the ratio of flowability of the fracture (the permeability-width product) over that of the m
e single sand) limited entry techniques and Pin-point Stimulation* techniques were introduced to further understand the production enhanc
nd. Ball sealers were used in long perforated intervals as diversion mechanism to achieve better zone coverage. After the treatment was pe
ight growth is additionally considered to be a major cause of premature screen outs. The fracture height growth out of the pay zone and the
It should also be remembered that fracturing a horizontal well may dictate which direction the well should be drilled and how it should be co
es with higher than expected production of unwanted fluid and completion costs. Since the oil could not be recovered economically work to
e low production post-frac flows obtained in wells that were completed along the 2004-2005 completion campaign. Review of Previous Tre
on to maintain an economic production rate. The reservoirs are made up by several stacked reservoir that initially had different pressures
. Drilling technology has evolved to a point where horizontal wells can be constructed at comparable costs to vertical wells while offering the
ce are discussed as a way to further enhance the benefits from the technology in future applications.
uctivity of the proppants used in fracture stimulations especially for medium-to-high-permeability formations. The conductivity of the fracture
sult in less than an optimal treatment of the reservoir. The treating fluid downhole will be diverted into each layer depending on the resistan
n expected. In the first case the fracture length will be less than planned. This leads to early packoff before the desired volume of proppant
d breaker has been developed for the zwitterionic VES described here.ï¿½The encapsulated material uses a polyelectrolyte to disrupt the
in a complex vertical sequence of sandstone reservoir.ï¿½ It is not uncommon4 to see several vertically discrete sandstone reservoir zones
ation or any tight formation gas reservoir. These guidelines consider all aspects of the fracturing process including reservoir geomechanica
much higher than the asphaltene onset pressure to prevent asphaltene deposition within the reservoir in addition to accelerating oil recove
eld stress can result in only a fraction of the fracture length contributing to production for a long period of time. However the existence of yi
ment was relatively shallow water regions that left sediments forming barrier bars and lagoonal muds.ï¿½ Storm cuts and organic burrowing
ed into error of the absolute fracture position. We show that the effects on the absolute fracture azimuth may be considerable even for wells
e of the well while balancing cost with benefit and flexibility.ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ An ideal fracture would possess infinite conductivity without the ne
ty will be high. As the closure stress is increased surface features along the fracture faces may be crushed and eventually at high closure
racture design pressure maintenance strategy and pattern orientation. Fields and Reservoir Description The Priobskoe field one of the la
ng effect that was created when the fracturing fluid was injected into the formation interval. Although this analysis gave indications of which
able in any significant quantity and therefore a thorough analysis of the available testing practices was necessary. Also the methods of de
ate. These are in addition to the other factors that determine proppant conductivity in single-phase flow:stress on the proppant and type o
meable intervals. This heterogeneity of the K formation makes it an excellent candidate for acid fracturing treatment. The K-formation is also
er stages may have been more influenced by the northwest-southeast sandstone body and healed natural fracture orientations and topogr
hydraulic-fracture microseismic images are recorded with sensors in a single observation well such that the seismic radiation is measured
es and the minimum stress at the fracture tip reverts back to the original direction causing the fracture to turn towards the original fracture o
ally driven fracture. By nowadays evaluations of hydraulic fractures propagation and growth were based on either Khristianovich model [1]
ly recently that the fracturing treatment size increased from an initial 10-20 tons to 150-300 tons1. The proppant size has also been increas
on the process of polymer concentration and its impact on the fracture clean-up behavior. Special effort was undertaken to identify and me
production rate of 120 000 barrels per day. Kikeh is produced via a Spar and a subsea production system back to a Floating Production Sto
egic IOR project (named PRAVAP) where strategies like increasing water injection rates improvement in the selectivity of water injection p
he entire fracture is more easily exposed for detailed examination. Early lab studies10 11 were concerned with proving that hydraulic fractur
e objective of the study was to enhance the understanding of productivity drivers by developing and analyzing a database on well productiv
n the propped fracture porous media based on the single-phase flow of gas has also been widely studied [e.g. Guppy et al. (1982) J.L. Gid
constituting Objects 1 4 5 6 have been produced by Komitek since 1989. The Kharyaga field Objects 2 and 3 development is covered by
tion practice at Bajiaochang had been traditional cross-linked gel fracs pumped down 5-1/2 casing at rates from 40 â€“ 50 BPM. Other frac
y. The difficulty of containing these three negative consequences lies in the relative speed of a gas breakthrough - typically expressed in ho
court et al. 2002). An estimated 60 auto gas lift systems have been installed at the time of writing of this paper the majority of them in the
rate gas wells four in Amherstia four in Flamboyant and two in Immortelle fields. C&P-1 Well: This well was completed in June 2002 targ
of petroleum resources and expulsion of green house gases into the atmosphere. Companies have reported hundreds of leaking producing
se gas flow in a dry rock. However very few attempts have been made for conclusive experiments in determining the high-velocity coefficie
d and bottomhole temperature is low at about 53ï¿½C. During the initial development stage of this field it was considered that vertical or s
ase the contact between the well and the formation. Meanwhile as undulations are added to a wellbore wellbore hydrodynamics become m
e remaining reserves in the lower permeability spots and careful well design and management significant benefits have been delivered and
rowth in horizontal drilling. Current drilling technologies have pioneered these advancements to such an extent that drilling thousands of fee
owth in horizontal drilling. Current drilling technologies have pioneered these advancements to such an extent that drilling thousands of fee
from a series of interbedded deltaic sandstones shales coals and locally limestones. These formations are classified into four main zones:
from a series of interbedded deltaic sandstones shales coals and locally limestones. These formations are classified into four main zones:
fluid mobility and conformance control sand control and surveillance. Failure to address these issues properly can result in surface-facility
ood results from the initial calculations gave enough confidence to continue with the smart well; a more-complicated case from the modellin
at the difference between the two curves happens to be very small. The combination of pressure-tempreature (P-T) condition on the right sid
ith high GOR due to the decreasing in production oil and more than 60 wells produce under the optimum potential of production. Obviously
03; Fryer et al. 2005; Kluth et al. 2000; McKay et al. 2000)â€”including the North Sea the Gulf of Mexico Asia Pacific Mexico Venezuela
wnhole equipment normally means pulling the entire completion. Monitoring equipment ranges from downhole electronic pressure and temp
variability. In south Shaybah where SHYB-220 is located typical permeabilities range from 5 to 10 mD. Three-D seismic data show the Shu
s of the individual reservoirs ranges from 25 to 300 ft. Net to gross ratios are high (0.9) in the sheet-like deposits low (0.2-0.4) in the thin-be
lls in improving recovery and lowering the cost per unit length. The production from thin oil column reservoirs (e.g. The Norwegian Troll Fie
orizontal section; delays early water breakthrough and uniform areal drainage. It is concluded that Inflow Control Device proven technology
t Well also has the ability to control the flow at the bore or the zone level by a down-hole choke or Inflow Control Valve (ICV). This choking
reservoir management objectives are to reduce risk increase production and reserves maximise recovery and minimise capital and opera
ess must be in place to respond to unplanned operational interruptions and to be prepared for longer-term reservoir behavior due to geolog
cription. Inflow control to a well can be â€œpassive or â€œactive (Jansen et al. 2002; Kharghoria 2002). Passive control may be effective i
ure height growth and containment mechanisms the experiment attempted to recreate fracture propagation observed at field scale even th
ure height growth and containment mechanisms the experiment attempted to recreate fracture propagation observed at field scale even th
pplications [12-14]. Although the geological storage of CO2 is considered as an attractive solution for global warming the efficiency (or eve
the pore level mechanisms for the foam seem unlikely to be useful in transient displacement in large scales because of large amount of ca
tracer transport during foam flow in porous media using X-ray tomography which showed that foam could be trapped in parts of the domai
iquid droplets that are roughly spheroidally shaped Turner presented the following equation for calculating the terminal fall velocity of the d
s some selected representativeï¿½production history indicating the production trend of oil and gas fast decline and water cut increase. Aft
e of liquid accumulation in the well is an increase in the hydrostatical pressure drop over the well. Since the well head pressure is usually ke
1 where the onset of the second decline symbolizes the onset of liquid loading which is â€“ in case of no action is being taken â€“ the ons
Westenende 2008). In practice the production decline may also be due to other mechanisms which may be difficult to distinguish. The mai
gas producers. Coupled with this technical challenge is that the scarcity of gas in the market has increased gas prices substantially in the la
the order of magnitude of critical rates is in the right area. Some in-house modifications which might be published in a separate paper can
as lower wellhead pressures. Lea and Nickens4 described several methods for solving the liquid loading problem. Today the aspect of liqu
with every opening and closing of the well. Because this method works intermittently it requires frequent shut-down of the well flow which re
value. From this work one can conclude that the classic picture of a plunger being a moving partition between liquid slug above and gas be
uid accumulation phenomenon was discussed by Sutton et al. (2003) and a method was developed to predict the resulting pressure gradie
of long carbonate sections remains a challenge and most of the acidizing treatments are designed on the basis of of rules devised on the ba
plastic deformation requires modeling that fully couples fluid flow-fluid pressure-reservoir stress-rock deformation. With the advent of fully c
as tri-axial resistivity high resolution oil-base borehole images and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs have been increasingly used o
etc. If the strength of reservoir rock is low it will require sand control. On the other hand high strength rock is not expected to sand and th
olled not only by the chemistry and the fluid velocity but more so by the heterogeneity of the rock.ï¿½ In a carbonate reservoir the heteroge
Tadrart formation underlies directly below the hercynian unconformity (Fig. 2) which confirms the progressive erosion of the Devonian strati
e expected gain of 35 MMSCF/day (Figure 1). Currently the well is the highest producing well in Resak field with stable production at 49.8 M
reservoir. This process is fundamental to the productivity of the well; however its importance is often overlooked during completion operati
the limited-entry perforation (LEP) technique originated from the â€œpin-point method which was commonly utilized in the late 60â€™s as
ell. Well productivity can be further optimized by applying drilling and completion practices to minimize skin effect from drilling and completio
simulate perforating operations - is driving the development of new performance benchmarks and is rethinking the way perforating services
i-wing) and generate a ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½fracture with minimum tortuosity (turning from the initiated fracture into the PFP) at an achievable fra
i-wing) and generate a ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½fracture with minimum tortuosity (turning from the initiated fracture into the PFP) at an achievable fra
this method the wells were not able to flow into the production line with a back pressure of more than 1000 psig until they had been acid st
echniques previously used followed by conventional hydraulic fracturing.) This new technology chosen included propellant sleeves with the
to estimate hydrocarbon reserve to quantify productivity of a well and to assess the quality of the completion. Pressure transient test is typ
pressure activated firing mechanism will be used as part of the toolstring Although these conventional methods are deemed efficient in the
ytical model for predicting perforating gun swell can certainly enhance the effectiveness of both job risk management and system developm
m being created or to remove it before the well is put on production (or injection as the case may be).
ion program.
ratory or field data. Several numerical7 8 9 and analytical10 11 models describing sulphate scaling under laboratory and field conditions ar
diction and consequent decision making on PWRI on mixing with seawater and on inhibition/scale removal requires laboratory-based mat
r also discusses the following four concepts: Concept 1 The application of fracture mechanics techniques to hydraulic fracturing during th
oduction pumped to a neighboring platform. This EWT required the deployment of the world's first Electric Submersible Pump (ESP) design
logy considered was the intelligent completion concept1 2 which allows real time monitoring of pressure and temperature from any zone an
pment; therefore a gas processing and gathering system was already in place.ï¿½ Gas from all the fields is produced to the Malaysian Liq
completions; one a single selective frac-pack; and one a stacked commingled frac-pack. To attempt to reduce the high costs associated w
s assembly ran on 3-1/2" EUE x 4-1/2" VAM tubing."

mpletion and a sidetrack of an extended-reach water-injection well. Workstring Design and Execution Proper workstring design is essentia
tly fine grained but range from very fine grained to coarse grained composed of moderately well sorted sub-angular to sub-rounded sand g
ly low recovery efficiencies. Under the proposed development plan the four injectors are expected to maintain higher pressures and improv
Gas from all of these fields is produced to the Malaysian Liquified Natural Gas (MLNG) plants at Bintulu East Malaysia. Production from th
s with higher fines content which result in the Uniformity Coefficient (D40/D90) ranging from 2 to 16 and the fines content from 1 to 15%. Ov
ompare different completion selections including high-angle openhole gravel packs (OHGP) low-angle cased-hole frac-pack (CHFP) and b
e use of two equipments which already existed in the oil industry but never had been used together by that time: expandable casing packers
as been accepted as a proven standard of completion in the oil and gas industry.1ï¿½ Sand control measures in unconsolidated formation
s with higher fines content which result in the Uniformity Coefficient (D40/D90) ranging from 2 to 16 and the fines content from 1 to 15%. Ov
er the Openhole expandable screen with annular barriers is the only completion option except in fine sand environments. Due to the need
e through which the carrier fluid must travel and reach to the entry point into the wash pipe for returns to surface. Such pressure rise can be
America in Terra Del Fuego Punta Quilla Argentina.ï¿½The shore base for this project is 3 200 km (1 990 miles) south of Buenos Aires a
nificant portion of openhole completions in Nigeria are drilled with a synthetic/oil-based drilling fluid (S/OB) due to advantages it offers over
n Angola (Block 17) Ltd (20%) BP Exploration (Angola) Ltd (16.7%) Statoil Angola Block 17 A.S (13.3%) and Norsk Hydro Dezassete A.S
maintenence to both downhole and surface equipment. Extreme sand production may also cause catastrophic failure of the wellbore and/or
sive maintenance of both downhole and surface equipment. Extreme sand production may also cause catastrophic failure of the wellbore an
g prediction is conservative (although it may be accurate for shear failure of the perfs). The most likely explanation is that failed sand is he
k mechanical analysis for the Gjï¿½a field (Figure 1) has concluded that all the wells will require some form of sand control measure installe
ajor operator 17 out of 23 responded â€œYes as to the use of stacked gravel pack or stacked frac pack completions as a preferred techni
d to a conclusion that the failure was caused by high stresses in the reservoir compared to the formation strength. The high stresses cause
pending on vicinity-to-water reserves and economics there are three gravel-placement options. In the order of low-to-high skin the options
pending on vicinity-to-water reserves and economics there are three gravel-placement options. In the order of low-to-high skin the options
to create iron precipitate gels in the presence of chlorite. In recent years and with a greater amount of data available the sands are now co
ations in order to maintain hydrocarbon production. Sand management like water management before it anticipates sand production requir
d time. The variations expected in sand qualities and reservoir configurations indicated that more than one completion method would likely b
nd and dominant sanding mechanism is the advancement of piping channels known as wormholes" or the development of a cavity. Actua
lled to sustain production rates failed as a direct result of sand influx. Since 1984 most wells in Sarir field have been periodically cleaned a
ngineers for the control of critical flowing bottom-hole pressure in relation to the reservoir drawdown and depletion to avoid premature sand
sults to actual field data and observations validated the analyses and methods used. The application and comparison also disclosed that th
sults to actual field data and observations validated the analyses and methods used. The application and comparison also disclosed that th
to have been experiencing sanding problems. For example the openhole completed well AA04 was reported to have fill up to 1094 ft from
to have been experiencing sanding problems. For example the openhole completed well AA04 was reported to have fill up to 1094 ft from
sand production may initiate before or after water breakthough (Sanfilippo et al. 1995; Skjaerstein et al. 1997). Despite these inconsistent fie
sand production may initiate before or after water breakthough (Sanfilippo et al. 1995; Skjaerstein et al. 1997). Despite these inconsistent fie
structural change from a cemented formation to a totally disaggregated sand mass?ï¿½ Strictly speaking the conventional techniques for
structural change from a cemented formation to a totally disaggregated sand mass?ï¿½ Strictly speaking the conventional techniques for
and chemical properties; variable damage caused by drilling cementation and inconsistent completion; and basin-scale geologic and hydro
ety of conditions. Various options are available ranging from placing active sand control such as gravel pack and frac pack to natural comp
ety of conditions. Various options are available ranging from placing active sand control such as gravel pack and frac pack to natural comp
stream. At this time the well was shut in until further analysis could be done on the produced solids. The results from lab analysis of the p
nd Palmer 1998; Morita and Fuh 1998). Most predict only the onset of sanding (Sanfilippo et al. 1995; Morita et al. 1989a; Morita et al. 198
nd Palmer 1998; Morita and Fuh 1998). Most predict only the onset of sanding (Sanfilippo et al. 1995; Morita et al. 1989a; Morita et al. 198
t of the model and the application of this model to formations from an oilfield in the Norwegian Sea. Introduction Sand production is a com
ned from laboratory and field measurements. The field data from five appraisal wells (study wells) were made available for this study. Mech
entified in SPE 94865 and the results from these field treatments are discussed. Details of the developed test methodologies and chemic
base case is quantified in terms of skin factor.ï¿½ Oil and gas wells may have permeability reduction around the wellbore caused by invas
etric distribution of perforations along the wellbore. These effects on the near-well flow field and the corresponding perforation skin factor co
enhance acid diversion by increasing the viscosity of the injected acid. Depending on the viscosifiying agent these systems can be divided
specific areas and reservoirs the degree of heterogeneity is broad due to the depositional and diagenetic history of the basin. Reservoir h
However conductivity after fracture closure requires that the fracture face is non-uniformly etched by the acid while the strength of the rock
specific areas and reservoirs the degree of heterogeneity is broad due to the depositional and diagenetic history of the basin. Reservoir h
ed and experience gained from implementing over 200 treatments in the past few years mostly in the Khuff B and C reservoirs. The acid fr
verbalanced (Unneland and Waage 1996; Matherne and Hall 1996).ï¿½ï¿½ In other cases a clay-acid package is often pumped into the fo
f the drilling returns to spot indicative spurt losses. These prospective loss-zones are then correlated against standard log data and the mos
cularly in low-pressure gas wells and in long vertical and horizontal sections. Polymer-based systems such as in-situ crosslinked gelled aci
diversion. This document discusses the results of the first wells treated with the viscoelastic diverting acid system and compares their res
diversion. This document discusses the results of the first wells treated with the viscoelastic diverting acid system and compares their res
ate versus sandstone matrix treatment fluid selection and optimization design. There are certain carbonate reservoirs and completion scen
actions.17 However it will need a large amount of data not only on detailed mineral compositions of the targeted simulation zones but also
tubulars at high temperatures only for a short period of time. These drawbacks make organic acids such as formic and acetic potentially a
fluid pre-treatment such as filtration; c) Preparation of the fluid shall be described starting with the base fluid such as deionized water tap
y results form the fact that the rock is composed of calcite (CaCO3) and/or dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2).ï¿½ Their reaction products are soluble
p with coiled tubing are experiencing wide implementation in recent years but required further technological improvements. The gas opera
d for measuring steady state gas and condensate relative permeability.2-13 In this method a gas mixture above its dew point pressure is fl
ction Carbonate reservoirs are routinely stimulated with acid to improve production.ï¿½ Several experimental and modeling studieson the
cid; further cleaned up before being tied into the production facilities. Tradiitionally coiled tubing has been used for the placement of acid. A
er per day. If the cost of treating each barrel was $0.50 the daily water handling cost for the oilfield would equate to $125k ($45.6m per ann
ulation program or attempt are: (i) learn from existing experience in the field or area about restimulation and formulate a reservoir specific s
of two wells are presented on this paper. On the first well after a pressure build up on the Muddy Formation that showed lower than expect
oil) and VIII4 in the Callovian; IX1 (gas) and IX2 (gas-condensate) in the Middle Jurassic; II-T III-T and VI-T (gas-oil) in the Triassic. Jura
eduction in well productivity is primarily associated with the reduction in gas relative permeability a great deal of effort has gone into measu
tion fluids precisely into the oil bearing intervals unless the entire completion is pulled out and each particular interval can be accessed sep
The consequences of excessive water influx include1 2: ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â€¢ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Reduced well outflow performa
ttempt to correct the injection profile.
ttempt to correct the injection profile.
ressure variations of hundreds of psi. In weak sands fluid pressure fluctuations in the near-wellbore as small as a few tens of psi may be s
d to that for a vertical well. The less pressure draw down values obtained in horizontal wells than vertical wells in the gas-condensate fields
a central drill center location designated as Drill Center One (DC1).
space means expensive remedial cement squeezes to cure the problem. The expense is considerably higher if the communication problem
space means expensive remedial cement squeezes to cure the problem. The expense is considerably higher if the communication problem
started in early 2004. It was hoped that under the new business structure some syndication among the region during the stimulation campa
m and 3400 m in TVD; it consists in a succession of carbonated layers and sandstones sometimes silts. The carbonates occur as silto-sa
itself. Hence the framework of the sandstone is not significantly altered by the acidizing process. Since the matrix structure is generally inta
n 1997 as a new AL technology (Fig.2). Most details of jet pump theory design and jet pump failure mechanisms are beyond the scope of t
hart of current artificial lift and unloading methods for gas well. This table could also include velocity strings intermitting the well and other n
ppreciable velocity air leaving the venturi tube drives an Air generator which produces power. This power is used to operate the inlet air com
arative framework for the evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of advanced and conventional completions. This paper sets out to qu
f/D would be transported to the LNG plant in Darwin and the remaining 475 MMscf/D of lean gas reinjected into the formation.1 The Bayu-U
al (Figure 4). Build/Re-build a learning curve (last Tierra del Fuego offshore campaign in 1997) with limited number of wells.ï¿½ Minimizin
en 2004) to assess the value of IWC in a complex reservoir scenario was also explored for oil wells. This body of work demonstrates the pr
pleted in June 2002 targeting 23U/L & 24U-sands in Amherstia at a measured depth of 12 290-13 566-ft (9 834-10 292-ft TVD) with 9-5/8
e than 50 distinct oil pools. The reservoirs consist of terrigenous rocks of continental and shallow-water marine origin. The productive reser
ng a single stage. Stimulating multiple layers in a single stage is not ideal since layers with lower fracture gradients or formation pressure m
increment in production compared to the previous best producers in the field. The skin estimation based on the model compared very well t
ctive filter. In a broader context the well completion options in open hole can be barefoot with a slotted liner screens or gravel pack (Fig. 1
nclusions from several previous studies (Al-Thubaiti et al. 2004; Kan et al. 2004a; Kan et al. 2004b; Tomson et al. 2006) of NTMP(aminotri(
wells only.ï¿½ In spite of this fact it has been noted that laboratory experiments have clearly demonstrated that only slight changes in the i
wells only.ï¿½ In spite of this fact it has been noted that laboratory experiments have clearly demonstrated that only slight changes in the i
well for maximum reservoir contact in an area where fracture density was interpreted to be low and therefore matrix permeability was presu
well for maximum reservoir contact in an area where fracture density was interpreted to be low and therefore matrix permeability was presu
has continually grown so that it can now be found in a wide variety of application areas; including chemicals food processing automotive a
f oil goes back to Hurst (1979) and the concept of controlling production was suggested by Rinaldi (1987). Recent papers [for an example s
imization.
ptimize the oil production of a well using measured data while honoring constraints on water and gas production. Optimization Methods. O
a produces an additional pressure drop. Gas condensate reservoirs are very prompted to show up formation damage at the near well zon
erable reserves while denying sand influx delaying unwanted water or gas production reducing well counts and ensuring completion longe
deployed in a well experiencing water coning resulted in an improved oil rate (Gonzalez et al. 2003). However the water cut remained high
ed natural gas (LNG) infrastructure which now includes four Trains. BP Trinidad and Tobago LLCâ€™s (bpTT) share of the gas supply to t
ssible to perform matrix acidification when an ESP has been installed with a conventional completion configuration. Acids can attack both m
methodology. We define terminology; in particular the terms â€œsystem and â€œcomponents. We then present a summary of the exten
e coupled. This becomes more complex when polymer is added to the liquid phase (Chen 2005; Chen et al. 2007; Chen et al. 2005). A com
. In reality there exists interplay between the skin and flux distribution and it impacts the horizontal wellâ€™s productivity. Non-Darcy flow e
e versus continued use of diesel based frac fluids. Various fracture fluid systems were reviewed and a borate cross-linked low polymer load
e versus continued use of diesel based frac fluids. Various fracture fluid systems were reviewed and a borate cross-linked low polymer load
VD). The reservoir is moderately to highly naturally fractured (Mackertich and Goulding 1986). ï¿½The combined thickness of the Ekofisk an
consistently developed thick clean dolomite zone of 5 to 16 feet with porosity development of 5 to 14 percent with an average of about 8.5
cally pumped. These fracture treatments are carried out with low polymer concentration non-crosslinked fracturing fluids regularly in order
expanded with additional benefits of degradable fiber-laden slurries being realized as application expands to new areas.ï¿½ Since 2000 fi
nce.3 Sand control and stimulation methods for wells in multilayered unconsolidated formation have started as early as 1960â€™s.4 Thes
n practice it is understood that oil and gas reservoirs are very complicated in their wettability. Almost never are formations pure sandstone. C
e available. It has been observed that sometimes the fracture is more contained in height than predicted by simulators. Some new mechan
e ranged from 7 â€“ 10.25-in. OD across the pay. A tapered workstring 5-7/8-in. 29.5-lb S-135 CTM57 / XT57 by 4-in. 14.0-lb XTM38 wa
hem as completion and fracture fluids. Time on location and cost of associated equipment is always a major consideration and processes
dustry is both an economic as well as an environmental issue. In an effort to circumvent some of the extra costs operators have reported th
product) over that of the matrix (the permeability-fracture-length product) is 1.26. Valko et al. (1998) presented an optimization approach c
and the production enhancement opportunity.ï¿½ This paper focuses on three major formations (Figure 2): Upper Williams Fork (Porosity (fa
After the treatment was performed a screen was washed down through the gravel remaining in the casing and additional sand was placed a
ut of the pay zone and the reduced proppant mass placed because of the premature treatment termination will ultimately also have an impa
d and how it should be completed. Fracturing a horizontal well does not necessarily mean that the well has to be cased and cemented. The
ered economically work to develop these reservoirs was suspended for not saying abandoned. In 2006 Kuwait Oil Company (KOC) contra
. Review of Previous Treatments In Aguada Pichana field the Standard well-completion program included the stimulation of Middle Mulichi
ly had different pressures regimes but presently most of them have the same sub hydrostatic pressure. The reservoir gross heights range
cal wells while offering the advantage of higher production rates and better access to reserves. Often times fewer horizontals are required t
onductivity of the fracture can be calculated by finding the product of the permeability of the fracture and the fracture width. It can be repres
depending on the resistance to flow. Depleted intervals low pressure intervals and intervals that fracture early will receive more than the
esired volume of proppant is placed in the fracture. In the second case when TSO occurs too late the remaining volume of slurry is insuffici
electrolyte to disrupt the surfactant micelles and lower the fluid viscosity even in dry gas wells where there is neither brine nor liquid hydro
sandstone reservoir zones in a single well where sandstones may have different trends and detrital and authigenic compositions.ï¿½ Simp
g reservoir geomechanical and design considerations for successful application of treated water as a fracturing fluid. These guidelines in c
to accelerating oil recovery. One viable approach is to improve oil production. Improved oil production is required for Marrat wells to increas
wever the existence of yield stress effect remained controversial until the first publication9 resulting from this JIP work was made at the For
uts and organic burrowing also characterize the depositional environment.2ï¿½ The thickness of the Cotton Valley sand can grow as large
onsiderable even for wells only slightly deviating from expected positions. Fracture geometry (mainly its azimuth and length) resulting from s
onductivity without the need for proppant.ï¿½ In the 1940s however the industry found that proppantless hydraulic fracturing is generally s
eventually at high closure stress the lasting fracture conductivity may depend more on rock strength than on the initial etching pattern. In t
obskoe field one of the largest oilfields in the world is located in Western Siberia. The reservoirs under production are part of Cherkashinsk
gave indications of which parts of the interval had accepted fluid it didnot give the desired information on the location of the proppant that h
y. Also the methods of determining reservoir pressure fluid composition and production prediction that have been historically applied in th
n the proppant and type of proppant. Thus apparent proppant permeability will vary with distance from the wellbore increasing towards
t. The K-formation is also classified as a moderately permeable to tight gas reservoir which has a porosity ranging from 1 to 25 vol% in the
e orientations and topographic effects. Additionally during some stimulation treatments shallower stages appeared to be in vertical comm
mic radiation is measured only in a limited direction. This limited sampling of the radiation pattern certainly limits the uniqueness of the fractu
ards the original fracture orientation as illustrated in Fig. 1. Siebrits et al.3 further extended this work by studying the stress distribution aro
Khristianovich model [1] or Perkins (PKN) model [2]. Both models rely heavily on the elastic (or poroelastic) representation for the porous s
size has also been increased to enhance conductivity sometimes using sizes as large as 10/14 mesh. This increases the risk of treatment f
ertaken to identify and measure directly any flow initiation gradient (FIG) or yield stress effect. A modified conductivity cell was used to allo
a Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) unit. Water injection was required from day one for pressure maintenance purpose to
ctivity of water injection profile reducing of wells spacing in fields borders and specially a massive campaign of hydraulic fracturing in all pr
oving that hydraulic fractures could cross natural fractures in their path. Later studies were concerned with details of the interaction between
atabase on well productivity related to different completions stimulations and production options. The focus of this study was on a technica
ppy et al. (1982) J.L. Gidely (1991) and Settari et. al. (2002)]. The main shortcoming of these studies is not correctly accounting for the va
evelopment is covered by a Production Sharing Agreement (KPSA) which was signed in December 1995 between the Ministry of Fuel and E
0 â€“ 50 BPM. Other frac designs including slick water treatment and hybrid fracs have also been used. Due to the potential for waterblocks
- typically expressed in hours. Unfortunately the industry is increasingly faced with these hard to contain consequences because many mat
he majority of them in the Scandinavian sector of the North Sea. Various papers have discussed applications of this technology (Betancour
pleted in June 2002 targeting 23U/L & 24U-sands in Amherstia at a measured depth of 12 290-13 566-ft (9 834-10 292-ft TVD) with 9-5/8
dreds of leaking producing wells some of which are â€œwells from hell. For instance two companies spent more than C$1.4 million in thei
the high-velocity coefficient in two-phase gas/liquid flow because of experimental difficulties in maintaining a constant liquid saturation for d
nsidered that vertical or slightly deviated wells activated by means of ESP (Electrical Submersible Pump) would be appropriate as it appe
hydrodynamics become more complicated and the effects of wellbore flow may jeopardize well productivity. The wellbore trajectory and eff
have been delivered and field decline rate has been nearly halved from 19% to 10% per year. Waterflooding Challenges As the waterflood
at drilling thousands of feet through a thinly bedded hydrocarbon reservoir is not a challenge anymore. While horizontal drilling has progres
at drilling thousands of feet through a thinly bedded hydrocarbon reservoir is not a challenge anymore. While horizontal drilling has progress
fied into four main zones: D E F and G. The G reservoir is characterized by its low permeability. Its productivity while produced through ve
fied into four main zones: D E F and G. The G reservoir is characterized by its low permeability. Its productivity while produced through ve
an result in surface-facility and processing problems from uncontrolled water gas and sand production. This evaluation is presented in thre
ed case from the modelling point of view. Because the smart well had not been tested in the early stages of production only the recorded p
T) condition on the right side of the curve is safe while the left side is subjected to hydrate formation. The curve shifts by approximately 15ï¿
l of production. Obviously this problem is attributed to the formation of condensing banking which reduces significantly the gas flow around
cific Mexico Venezuela Texas and California to name a fewâ€”for steam breakthrough detection water and gas injection management p
ctronic pressure and temperature gauges to downhole optical single- and multiphase flowmeters. Downhole monitoring equipment is norma
eismic data show the Shu'aiba reservoir to contain a number of faults. These faults and fractures have been identified from openhole logs a
ow (0.2-0.4) in the thin-bedded levee; and ranges from 0.4 to 0.6 in the hybrid channel-levee deposits. Ariel and Fourier fields feature multi
. The Norwegian Troll Field) became a reality thanks to such wells3-4. However the increase in wellbore length and exposure to different r
Device proven technology is beneficial and successful in Bloque 15 Ecuadorï¿½ï¿½ and its application will be considered in other fields. I
Valve (ICV). This choking operation is managed through Real-Time monitoring[2] using an optimised distribution of sensors for data acquis
minimise capital and operating costs. IWsT has been shown to be capable of managing geological uncertainty1. Operating at or near real-t
oir behavior due to geologic uncertainties. A challenge for deepwater operators is to know at any given time where excess production capa
control may be effective if the reservoir geology and drive mechanisms are well understood so that inflow can be predicted with confidence
ved at field scale even though a great difference of scales exists between fractures generated in laboratory tests and in field applications. T
ved at field scale even though a great difference of scales exists between fractures generated in laboratory tests and in field applications. T
ming the efficiency (or even feasibility) of the process is not yet established [15]. One major problem is the leakage of the injected CO2 throu
ause of large amount of calculations [3]. The population balance approach introduced by Patzek [9] and further elaborated by Kovsec et al.
ped in parts of the domain during steady state flow but no trapped foam was discernible was during transient flow.13-17 Analytical solution
minal fall velocity of the droplet. The required gas flow velocity to keep the well unloaded then equates to this terminal fall velocity.
nd water cut increase. After a shut down in Dec. 2005 the well came on-line at a reduced rate of about 4 MMscf/d and 800 bbl/d of liquid
ead pressure is usually kept constant by the surface facilities the increase in pressure drop over the well leads to an increase of the pressu
s being taken â€“ the onset or erratic gas production. Figure 1: Production Proflie of a typical gas well This onset of liquid loading can be c
ult to distinguish. The main mechanisms for the production decline are thought to be: ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â€¢ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Film drainage ï¿½
ices substantially in the last 10 years. As shown on Figure 2 wellhead gas prices have roughly tripled in the past 10 years (2). Consumers
in a separate paper can bring Turnerâ€™s criteria for critical rate even closer to reality. The Turner criteria is based on the observation th
Today the aspect of liquid loading that is emphasized depends on the discipline. For the production engineer the primary problem is the s
n of the well flow which results in reduced overall production.7 8 d)ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Several other methods are less commonly used su
id slug above and gas below is neither correct nor desirable. In 1985 Mower and Lea et al.[7] conducted a laboratory measurement study w
resulting pressure gradient. An example is shown in Fig. 1. This example shows the additional backpressure placed against the producing
of rules devised on the basis of past experience. Davies and Jones3 presented an acid placement model for horizontal wells. The model w
With the advent of fully coupled geomechanics/reservoir simulations these limitations of static sand prediction models have been overcom
e been increasingly used over recent years to help determine an accurate reservoir pay thickness (Ref. 1). In addition to these new logging
t expected to sand and therefore does not require sand control. Reservoirs with rock strength from moderate to intermediate will benefit mo
ate reservoir the heterogeneity occurs from the deposition and diagenic processes through the geological time.ï¿½ It is the nature of the ca
sion of the Devonian stratigraphic succession towards the east-northeast direction. The petrophysical characteristics of the Tadrart sandsto
stable production at 49.8 MMSCCF/D. Introduction This gas producer well was drilled in March 2004 and completed in 4-1/2 monobore com
during completion operations. It was recognized that perforating was an area that could be improved in Anaco District well completions. As
zed in the late 60â€™s as a well completion technique used for hydraulic fracturing [1] [2] [3]. At that time â€œlimited-entry was a term for
rom drilling and completion fluid invasion and by minimizing perforating-induced damage. Permeability lost through formation damage cou
e way perforating services are procured.ï¿½ Introduction When perforating a well - whether initially for remedial reasons or to effect a cha
PFP) at an achievable fracture initiation pressure. Table 1 shows the tradeoffs between different perforating parameters for non-oriented p
PFP) at an achievable fracture initiation pressure. Table 1 shows the tradeoffs between different perforating parameters for non-oriented p
ntil they had been acid stimulated. These wells often require several runs of perforating on wireline to complete. Using the equations for un
opellant sleeves with the TCP guns which was capable of increasing the exposure area (fissures) created by the gas (CO2) in the propella
essure transient test is typically conducted in a way that surface flow rate is maintained in a constant or switched among two or more consta
re deemed efficient in the industry incidents that have a high impact on cost deliverability include Perforating off depth due to inaccurate
ent and system development. An analytical model of perforating gun swell can help risk management in at least two respects. First analytic
ory and field conditions are available in the literature. Chemical reaction options in commercial simulators allow for sulphate modelling on fie
res laboratory-based mathematical modelling[5]. Mathematical modelling and laboratory studies of sulphate scaling are widely available in
draulic fracturing during the initiation of clean water reinjection and continuing throughout the life of the reservoir.ï¿½ Fracture mechanics c
rsible Pump (ESP) designed for use in ultra deep water. Due to the geological complexity (resulting from a complex turbidity depositional s
perature from any zone and control of production either individually or commingled without well intervention. Permanently installed electric c
uced to the Malaysian Liquified Natural Gas (MLNG) plants at Bintulu East Malaysia.ï¿½ Production from Shallow Clastics is intended to co
e high costs associated with stacking frac-packs in deepwater completions the decision was made to minimize the number of completions
rkstring design is essential for extended-reach completions. In addition to typical drillpipe design criteria torque drag pipe stretch buckling
lar to sub-rounded sand grain particles. Average sandstone porosities range from 19 - 31% with permeabilities ranging from 10 â€“ 1 200 m
her pressures and improve sweep efficiency ultimately resulting in significant incremental recovery.
aysia. Production from the Shallow Clastics field is intended to counteract decline from other fields and is critical to maintaining the security
content from 1 to 15%. Overall the formation sands are poor to well sorted with low to high fines content. This particle size distribution data
e frac-pack (CHFP) and big-bore openhole gravel packs (12-16). It was found that highly deviated OHGP would be the most feasible comp
xpandable casing packers (ECP) and diverter valves (DV). To manage production or injection along long horizontal intervals the reservoir s
unconsolidated formations without impairing well productivity have been a challenging task from both technical and economic perspective s
content from 1 to 15%. Overall the formation sands are poor to well sorted with low to high fines content. This particle size distribution data
nments. Due to the need to control fine sand (D50 < 60 Î¼m) without affecting the well performance the gravel packing using 40-60 US-M
Such pressure rise can be problematic in cases where the operating window between downhole circulation pressure and the fracturing pres
) south of Buenos Aires and 500 km (310miles) which is an 8-hour drive south of Comodoro the nearest area supporting any form of ong
advantages it offers over water-based fluids. These include higher rate of penetration excellent shale inhibition characteristics gauge ho
rsk Hydro Dezassete A.S. (10%). After analysing several development options the solution chosen was subsea development and connect
re of the wellbore and/or well and surface equipment. The production of sand is a worldwide problem. Areas of major problems include the
c failure of the wellbore and/or well and surface equipment. The production of sand is a worldwide problem. Areas of major problems includ
n is that failed sand is held back by capillary cohesion due to connate water. Some other gas wells (both intermediate and deep) also dem
nd control measure installed in the reservoir section to prevent sand production. For the long horizontal oil wells that are due to be drilled su
ons as a preferred technique. In addition cased hole frac and gravel packs currently account for 56% of deepwater sand control methods e
The high stresses caused wormhole-like failure propagating from the producer to the injector. This characterized by large volumes of sand
w-to-high skin the options are: Frac-Pack High Rate Water Pack (HRWP) and Gravel-pack1-3. Each of these options involves downhole h
w-to-high skin the options are: Frac-Pack High Rate Water Pack (HRWP) and Gravel-pack1-3. Each of these options involves downhole h
ble the sands are now considered to be generally coarser better sorted and less susceptible to damage when treated with acid. This has b
es sand production requiring engineering of the completion and facilities to safely handle and dispose of the sand with the ultimate aim of
etion method would likely be required. Field Geologic and Reservoir Description The Girassol/Jasmim reservoirs in this field consist of unco
opment of a cavity. Actually different explanationsï¿½can be found in the literature: the process of liquefaction and transport of solids can
een periodically cleaned as a precaution against sanding-related problems. AGOCO the field operator investigated the issue and in 1992
n to avoid premature sand failures during well production.
ison also disclosed that the approach was not only able to provide results that closely matched field experience but was also able to predic
ison also disclosed that the approach was not only able to provide results that closely matched field experience but was also able to predic
have fill up to 1094 ft from TD in September 1971 in a period of 18 months. Sanding in the cased and perforated well AA05 had been report
have fill up to 1094 ft from TD in September 1971 in a period of 18 months. Sanding in the cased and perforated well AA05 had been report
spite these inconsistent field observations it is generally accepted that sand-production risk increases as a result of water production.
spite these inconsistent field observations it is generally accepted that sand-production risk increases as a result of water production.
nventional techniques for sanding prediction which are based on Geertsmaâ€™s (1985) equations disclose the increase in confining press
nventional techniques for sanding prediction which are based on Geertsmaâ€™s (1985) equations disclose the increase in confining press
n-scale geologic and hydrologic settings (Kaiser et al. 1994 Scott 2002 Cui et al. 2004a). Numerous studies (Remner et al. 1986 Reeves a
frac pack to natural completion such as a cased and perforated hole. Objectivity is required in choosing the correct completion type which
frac pack to natural completion such as a cased and perforated hole. Objectivity is required in choosing the correct completion type which
from lab analysis of the produced solids showed that these solids were fine grained and could have been produced through the type of frac
. 1989a; Morita et al. 1989b; Veeken et al. 1991; Weingarten and Perkins 1995; Kessler et al. 1993; Tronvoll and Halleck 1994; Wang and
. 1989a; Morita et al. 1989b; Veeken et al. 1991; Weingarten and Perkins 1995; Kessler et al. 1993; Tronvoll and Halleck 1994; Wang and
Sand production is a common and very damaging problem in hydrocarbon production from clastic reservoir rocks. Over the last decades
ilable for this study. Mechanical properties of the reservoir sandstones and shales were established by conducting a number of unconfined
ethodologies and chemical selection process undertaken for these more exotic scales together with results from the field trial are describe
wellbore caused by invasion by drilling mud cement solids and completion fluids. This is generally referred to as formation damage. Form
g perforation skin factor components are illustrated in Fig. 1. Perforation skin models for vertical wells (Karakas and Tariq 1991; Harris 1966
e systems can be divided into two main categories: polymer-based and surfactant-based. Acid-soluble polymers have been used to increas
of the basin. Reservoir heterogeneity complicates every aspect of a wellâ€™s life from drilling to completion. New technologies and meth
e the strength of the rock is still maintained at high levels to withstand the closure stress. At low closure stress the etched pattern of the fra
of the basin. Reservoir heterogeneity complicates every aspect of a wellâ€™s life from drilling to completion. New technologies and meth
d C reservoirs. The acid fracturing stimulation program has achieved great success in vertical gas producers in which post-stimulation multip
often pumped into the formation before the gravel pack to stabilize the residual clays. The effectiveness of these treatments is often directl
dard log data and the most attractive zones selected for perforation following the setting of the production liner. The primary components of
situ crosslinked gelled acids (XLGA) have been used in the field as self-diverting fluids. These systems rely on a pH-triggered increase of v
m and compares their results with those of the conventional methods used previously. Discussion Before December 2003 the predomin
m and compares their results with those of the conventional methods used previously. Discussion Before December 2003 the predomin
voirs and completion scenarios that require an optimized fluid and placement strategy such as formations with low mechanical integrity an
simulation zones but also on nature location and extent of the damage materials in the near wellbore matrix. In addition reaction products d
c and acetic potentially attractive for stimulating high temperature wells. Organic acids have been used in well stimulation because of their
ch as deionized water tap water source seawater (location) or type of organic fluids; d) Identification of mixing apparatus container volum
ction products are soluble in the spent hydrochloric acid.ï¿½ However the physics and engineering aspects of the carbonate acidizing proc
vements. The gas operators in contrast have implemented hydraulic fracturing mainly in mid-temperature deep Neocomian and the over
ts dew point pressure is flashed into the core at a reservoir pressure less than the dew point pressure and flowed until steady state is reach
d modeling studieson the response of carbonate cores to various acids under varying conditions of injection rate temperature and concentr
r the placement of acid. Acid treatment volume used is typically 10 gal/ft which is relatively low. The gelled hydrochloric acid (HCl) is mixed
o $125k ($45.6m per annum).ï¿½ The problem of a single zone producing 100% water with all other non-communicating zones producing
ulate a reservoir specific selection criteria that will capture the key ingredients for the success of restimulation and (ii) a thorough understand
showed lower than expected reservoir pressure and permeability it was decided to fracture stimulate only the first Frontier formation and a
s-oil) in the Triassic. Jurassic productive horizons are found at depths of 2179â€“2320 m and Triassic horizons at 3109â€“3308 m. All st
effort has gone into measuring and modeling the relative permeability of gas-condensate fluids. Initially the studies were done at low pressu
rval can be accessed seperately by using a straddle packer. This approach will not only involve the workover rig but also impact the produc
ced well outflow performance as the increasing required tubing intake requirement reduces the wellâ€™s outflow performance. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
a few tens of psi may be sufficient to cause sand failure14. A recent modeling study5 summarized in Figure 1 shows that for an unconsolid
he gas-condensate fields of Dejel Bissa[2] and Hassi R Mel[3] were reported. Hashemi and Gringranton[4] have compared the well product
e communication problem is discovered after the well is drilled and the rig has left location. Because of the importance and criticality of the z
e communication problem is discovered after the well is drilled and the rig has left location. Because of the importance and criticality of the z
ring the stimulation campaign would overcome some of the difficulties listed above and benefit each operation unit (OU) and asset. In Asia
bonates occur as silto-sandy calcites or and silty dolomites. The calcites are usually of relatively low permeability: 1 to 50 mD and the dolom
structure is generally intact the entire physical and chemical processes can be modeled by basic fluid flow in porous media coupled with th
are beyond the scope of this paper. These topics can be reviewed in other references.2 3 4 A FPJP must have sufficient capacity to hand
itting the well and other novelity pumps but the basic methods of artificial lift for dewatering gas wells are included. Several articles papers
o operate the inlet air compressor. Thus the cycle is completed. Thus this system achieves which no other existing artificial lift system does
This paper sets out to quantify the advantages of advanced completions to improve cleanup by use of their permanently installed downhol
e formation.1 The Bayu-Undan formation structure is a broad east-west trending horst with a number of culminations set up by internal eas
er of wells.ï¿½ Minimizing Technical Risk This was done through several actions: Purchase â€œbest in class products. Perform detailed
work demonstrates the promise of IWC because the technology is in growth mode with 5 or so years of collective industry experience. The
10 292-ft TVD) with 9-5/8-inch casing set at 14 350-ft. The reservoir section was drilled with a water-based fluid. Sand prediction models fr
igin. The productive reservoirs formed in different facial settings. Genetically three types of sediments can be recognized including highly p
s or formation pressure may take more of the treatment than planned leaving the higher pressure layers only partially treated. This is becom
odel compared very well to the measured values during production tests.
eens or gravel pack (Fig. 1 & 3). Standalone screens appear to be well suited to prevent sand ingress in high permeability clean formations
2006) of NTMP(aminotri(methylene phosphonic acid))-calcite reaction are: (1) The extent of NTMP retention by carbonate-rich formation ro
nly slight changes in the inclination of the wellbore can have a dramatic effect on the types of flow and flow regimes exhibited in a multipha
nly slight changes in the inclination of the wellbore can have a dramatic effect on the types of flow and flow regimes exhibited in a multipha
rix permeability was presumed to control the fluid flow.ï¿½ This paper describes the process used to achieve the drilling of about 5 000 ft e
rix permeability was presumed to control the fluid flow.ï¿½ This paper describes the process used to achieve the drilling of about 5 000 ft e
processing automotive aerospace paper and metallurgical industries.
papers [for an example see Graf et al (2006)] address optimization of intelligent completions. To some extent load-balancing problems ma
Optimization Methods. Optimization with the objective to improve the economics of oil or gas production can in general be considered on
mage at the near well zone. [1-6] If the fluid flowing pressure is below of dew pressure liquid drop-out accumulations would present in the
ensuring completion longevity.ï¿½ Horizontal wells can increase reservoir hydrocarbon recovery but also pose unique reservoir drainage c
water cut remained high (65 to 70%) in the pump producing from the upper oil zone while some 4% oil was recorded from the bottom wate
hare of the gas supply to the local market has grown from less than 350 MMcf/D in 1994 to over 2 Bcf/D by mid-2007 with production comin
n. Acids can attack both metal and elastomeric materials used in ESP systems.
t a summary of the extensive data set employed in the analysis. The remainder of the paper presents a detailed and sequential SA for a ric
; Chen et al. 2005). A comprehensive computer program has been developed to better understand the difference between compressible fo
ductivity. Non-Darcy flow effect in slotted-liner completed horizontal wells is another topic that has not been adequately addressed in the lite
s-linked low polymer loading system was selected based on the high retained permeability results. The six fracture stimulations performed i
s-linked low polymer loading system was selected based on the high retained permeability results. The six fracture stimulations performed i
hickness of the Ekofisk and Tor reservoir varies from 40 to 120 m. The SA field is being developed using horizontal wells with multiple hydr
an average of about 8.5 percent in this area.ï¿½ It has oil saturations of 60 to 90 percent depending on its location within the deposition.ï¿
g fluids regularly in order of 1.7-3.0 kg/m3 (15-25 lbs/1000gal). Fiber addition improves the proppant carrying properties that these low visc
areas.ï¿½ Since 2000 fiber-laden slurries2 have been used to improve fracture geometry and enhance production from propped fracture t
arly as 1960â€™s.4 These techniques included stand alone wire-wrapped screen 5 6 in-situ sand consolidation with chemicals 7 gravel pa
mations pure sandstone. Clays line the pores of most reservoir rock and in the case of shale an added complication is the hydrophobic ker
ators. Some new mechanisms and explanations have been given including the â€œcomposite layer effect â€œshear dampening and frac
y 4-in. 14.0-lb XTM38 was used for the 7-inch completions. A full string of 5-7/8-in. 29.5-lb S-135 CTM57 / XT57 was used for the 9-7/8-
ideration and processes that would minimize time spent are generally welcomed. To this end a development project was initiated to provid
perators have reported the use of recycled produced waters in reservoir management processes (Khatib and Verbeek 2002). Water treatm
n optimization approach called Unified Fracture Design (UFD). They emphasize that â€œthe key to formulating a meaningful technical optim
Williams Fork (Porosity (favg) = 7.8% Water Saturation (Sw) = 48% Avg Net = 110 ft) Middle Williams Fork (favg = 8.5% Sw = 51% Avg
ditional sand was placed around the screen. Frac-and-pack became a premier completion technique in the late 1980s 2 when the use of th
mately also have an impact on the frac productivity. For that purpose many operating and service companies in Western Siberia have appl
cased and cemented. There are many cases of fracturing horizontal wells in openhole or uncemented liners. The field example within this p
Oil Company (KOC) contracted the service company to revisit this problem and determine if the technology had been invented which would
mulation of Middle Mulichinco Formation through a one-stage hydraulic fracture. In general although the net productive interval to stimulate
ervoir gross heights range from 80 m to 500 m. The composition of the matrix is mainly sandstone however there can be a significant carbo
horizontals are required to develop a field given its larger drainage area. However horizontal well completion has lagged behind in particul
ure width. It can be represented by the following equation: [Eqn 1] Typically analysis of the flow potential of a well has involved the deter
will receive more than the designed amount of the stimulation treatment. The remaining intervals will therefore not receive the optimized tre
olume of slurry is insufficient to produce the desired fracture width. Both cases produce suboptimal treatment with poorer fracture conductiv
ther brine nor liquid hydrocarbon to assist the breaking process.ï¿½ The effectiveness of this breaker has been measured in a series of pro
c compositions.ï¿½ Simply stated a large variation in geologic and petrophysical properties often characterize these sands. Drilling and co
uid. These guidelines in conjunction with an in depth review of the Cotton Valley Formation were utilized to develop a modified â€œhybrid
for Marrat wells to increase production and maintain the flowing bottomhole pressure above the AOP by reducing the pressure drop taking
work was made at the Formation Damage Symposium in Lafayette February 2006. In a series of lab experiments yield stress measureme
y sand can grow as large as 1 500 ft.1ï¿½ Changes in stream positions and shorelines due to sea level fluctuations caused a large variation
nd length) resulting from such HFM is then used for â€œinfill drilling during which new wells are drilled into unfractured (and hopefully undr
lic fracturing is generally short-lived leading to the introduction and initial use of sand as a propping agent to hold the fracture open.ï¿½ Ev
nitial etching pattern. In this paper we present an experimental methodology to characterize acid-etched rock surfaces carefully and then r
n are part of Cherkashinskaia set of rock [1 2] composed of shales siltstones and sandstones. 90% of the production for the Priobskoe oilf
ation of the proppant that had been pumped. In more recent times the use of radioactive tracers has grown in acceptance. Due to the inher
en historically applied in the field had to be compared to understand the possible discrepancies in prediction results. The range of applicat
llbore increasing towards the tip of the fracture where both the liquid-to-gas ratio and the velocity decrease. This variation of permeabi
g from 1 to 25 vol% in the higher porosity sections. These types of porosities coupled with the natural fractures present in the zone and the
ed to be in vertical communication with previous deeper stages. A possible tectonic fault that had not been mapped due to widely spaced w
e uniqueness of the fracture-mechanism analysis. However in some projects in which multiple observation wells are used (Warpinski et al.
the stress distribution around a producing fracture using a 3D numerical simulator and investigated the size of the stress reversal region as
sentation for the porous skeleton. The present paper provides the data on hydraulic fracture simulation accounting for accumulation of dam
ses the risk of treatment failure (screen-out) that is caused by modeling discrepances/inaccuracies. To reduce the uncertainties and improv
tivity cell was used to allow a series of measurements aimed at clarifying the polymer concentration process and confirming the presence
e maintenance purpose to support producing wells at both the Spar and subsea. Kikeh is planned to be developed with 34 wells; 18 oil prod
ydraulic fracturing in all producing wells resulted not only on the attenuation but also on the total reversion and increase of the oil productio
of the interaction between a hydraulic fracture and a natural fracture and studied conditions that produced crossing blunting or offsetting.1
s study was on a technical and statistical analysis; the economic evaluation of the well productivity was specifically left out of this study. Ho
ctly accounting for the variation of gas condensate relative permeability with velocity and interfacial tension in the matrix. They also ignore t
the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation and the Nenets Autonomous Territory administration representing the Russian
e potential for waterblocks post-frac snubbing operations were performed to run production tubing and wash out sand while maintaining an
ences because many mature fields experience gas coning. Also oil is increasingly produced from reservoirs like thin oil rims that tend to co
his technology (Betancourt et al. 2002; Al Kasim et al. 2002; Clarke et al. 2006) but so far none has presented a rigorous solution for the pe
10 292-ft TVD) with 9-5/8-inch casing set at 14 350-ft. The reservoir section was drilled with a water-based fluid. Sand prediction models fr
than C$1.4 million in their unsuccessful attempt to seal a leaky well (Zeidani et al. 2006). Common practice is to use cement to block the fo
stant liquid saturation for different pressure drops. Gas flow at low velocity is governed by Darcyâ€™s law which describes a linear relation
d be appropriate as it appeared that the natural high permeability drains could be expected to provide good productivity[2].ï¿½ However a
wellbore trajectory and effects on wellbore productivity and flow should be studied carefully when designing an undulating well. The Cosmo
allenges As the waterflood matured waterflooding challenges became evident. From field data in Zone 4 it was observed that a convention
zontal drilling has progressed over the last decade to become the field development method of choice in many cases there have been cert
ontal drilling has progressed over the last decade to become the field development method of choice in many cases there have been certa
while produced through vertical wells is low and deemed not satisfactory. For this reason development of this field through horizontal open
while produced through vertical wells is low and deemed not satisfactory. For this reason development of this field through horizontal open
uation is presented in three sections. First an overview of the Colville River field provides background information on the pioneering applica
uction only the recorded pressures from the permanent downhole pressure gauge (DHPG) were used to validate the model. Calculated flow
ifts by approximately 15ï¿½F because of the 13.3% salinity of the produced water which will have a major impact in flow assurance analys
cantly the gas flow around wellbore becames an issue of great deal due to its negative impact on the recoverable reserves. Numerous pre
s injection management production profiling behind-pipe flow diagnostics and reservoir surveillance. Flow profiling by temperature log can
toring equipment is normally designed for life-of-well; however in practice many technologies fail to deliver on this promise and stop workin
ified from openhole logs and are most prevalent in the northern part of the reservoir(Ref. SPE#81487 by N.G. Saleri).
Fourier fields feature multiple stacked reservoirs which required multiple-completion wells to make Na Kika an economic project. Differential
nd exposure to different reservoir facies came at a cost. Frictional pressure drop caused by fluid flow in horizontal sections resulted in high
nsidered in other fields. Introduction Bloque 15 is located in the Oriente Basin Amazon jungle in Ecuador. The main fields are: Paka Sur F
of sensors for data acquisition (e.g. temperature and pressure). New sensors allow for down-hole fluid-production rate and phase cut mea
Operating at or near real-time allows operators to fine-tune the performance of the whole production system by reconfiguring the wellâ€™s
e excess production capacity exists in the network and to quickly move to new control settings if interruptions occur. The MAC process ca
predicted with confidence using reservoir and well models and if the predicted inflow does not change significantly with time during produc
and in field applications. To account for these scaling issues model laws that relate experimental parameters of the physical model to field-
and in field applications. To account for these scaling issues model laws that relate experimental parameters of the physical model to field-
e of the injected CO2 through the walls of abandoned wells or through the cap rock [16]. In this case the foaming of CO2 may temporarily ha
aborated by Kovsec et al. [10-11] and Falls et al. [12] originates from the principle that foam mobility depends on the bubble density (numbe
.13-17 Analytical solutions of the SPB reconciled the bubble population and the fractional flow concepts. Previous numerical simulation stud
minal fall velocity.
d and 800 bbl/d of liquid and over a period of 3 days it stopped producing. It seems that this well has become liquid loaded and was unable
an increase of the pressure at sand face. In turn an increased pressure at sand face gives rise to a reduction of the inflow of gas and liquid
t of liquid loading can be calculated based on the â€œTurner Droplet Model (see reference 1). The Turner model for â€œcritical velocity or
ï¿½ï¿½Film drainage ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â€¢ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½System instability ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â€¢ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Flow regime change (Tom
10 years (2). Consumers are providing the economic incentive to produce low rate gas wells beyond the natural flow of the well.
sed on the observation that a gas well starts to load with liquid if a single droplet of fluid cannot be lifted which means the drag force equa
e primary problem is the selection of a suitable deliquification method for a well that is impaired by liquids. For the reservoir engineer the re
e less commonly used such as gas lift etc. The CWC Method: The new method benefits from the fact that a great portion of the water whi
tory measurement study with a 735-ft (224-m) test well. ï¿½It provided information on gas slippage liquid fallback and plunger rise and fal
ed against the producing formation resulting in decreased productivity. Furthermore water can imbibe into the reservoir resulting in decre
zontal wells. The model was for barefoot completions in sandstone formations and the simulator used a pseudo-steady state reservoir mod
odels have been overcome. Coupled geomechanics/reservoir simulators allow evaluations of geometry stability and expected changes in o
ion to these new logging techniques interpretation methods such as Log Enhanced Resolution using Borehole Image (SHARP analysis) ha
termediate will benefit most from a sanding prediction study. The completion and operational decisions to prevent or control sanding need
½ It is the nature of the carbonate rocks.ï¿½ But near a wellbore heterogeneity can be further created by the perforating process.ï¿½ The r
ics of the Tadrart sandstone are good with porosity ranging between 12 to 16%; the permeability is in the order of 100-200 md. The reservo
ted in 4-1/2 monobore completion by penetrating the reservoir ofï¿½ J-10.2 & J-10.1 with J-10.2 being perforated leaving J-10.1 un-perfora
strict well completions. As a result a qualitative evaluation of conventional perforating performance was done. This evaluation confirmed the
mited-entry was a term for the practice of limiting the number of perforations in a completion interval to promote the simultaneous entry of hy
gh formation damage could be regained through stimulation treatments or by completing the zones with deep-penetration perforating to byp
reasons or to effect a change in functional specification â€“ the associated design and equipment selection decisions are generally made s
ameters for non-oriented perforating; oriented perforating avoids many of these tradeoffs. Bethany Field The Bethany field is located on the
ameters for non-oriented perforating; oriented perforating avoids many of these tradeoffs. Bethany Field The Bethany field is located on the
Using the equations for underbalance determination3 the optimal static underbalance to clean up perforations in these reservoir conditions
gas (CO2) in the propellant sleeves. Loma Negra field complex on the Rio Negro Norte Block in southeastern Neuquen has hosted severa
mong two or more constant values. Almost all analytical solutions developed for PTT interpretation assume a constant skin factor (Earlough
f depth due to inaccurate depth control Guns not fired due to pressure discrepancies discovered only after CT was retrieved to surface wi
wo respects. First analytical tools such as swell modeling can serve as a supplemental measure to further verify whether existing guns are a
sulphate modelling on field scale. Mathematical models for sulphate scaling contain the reaction rate coefficient characterising the intensit
ing are widely available in the literature[6-17]. The mathematical model for reactive flow consists of mass balances for all species that ac
¿½ Fracture mechanics can be used to predict the relationships between the injection rate the size of the hydraulic fracture and the requi
ex turbidity depositional system mainly represented by channels lobes and overbank facies and the action of later erosive channels) and c
anently installed electric cables provide power and communication with the downhole sensors and valves. Each well contained two to three
w Clastics is intended to counteract decline from other fields and is critical to maintaining the security of the supply to MLNG. Significant log
e number of completions by completing long perforated intervals ranging from 114 ft to 571 ft measured depth (MD) in a single stage. Initial
rag pipe stretch buckling and casing wear caused by high metal-to-metal friction should be considered. In a worst-case scenario a compl
nging from 10 â€“ 1 200 mD.
o maintaining the security of the supply to MLNG. Significant log data (Fig. 1) on the Shallow Clastics field were gathered from the apprai
icle size distribution data (PSD) combined with the limited amount of whole core data available for 5 fields required the selection of a sand
be the most feasible completion method for Phase 1 wells. Openhole gravel packing completion is preferred over other sand-control comple
al intervals the reservoir section has to be segmented in a way that each segment can be controlled individually. Selective completion gains
d economic perspective since the number of open hole completions have increased significantly over the last several years.2 3 Until recen
icle size distribution data (PSD) combined with the limited amount of whole core data available for 5 fields required the selection of a sand
packing using 40-60 US-Mesh has been considered mandatory as well as the isolation of the shale sections to avoid reduction on gravel-p
re and the fracturing pressure is narrow. Various hardware and chemistry solutions exist to overcome this problem including diverter valve
pporting any form of ongoing oilfield operations. This along with maximum tides of more than 12 m (39.5ft) (which limit supply-vessel acce
characteristics gauge hole lubrication while drilling as well as while installing sandface completion and low maintenance costs (dilution an
development and connection of the field (tie-back) via subsea pipelines to the Girassol Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO)
ajor problems include the U.S. Gulf Coast Trinidad the North Sea Venezuela Brazil Malaysia Indonesia China Australia and western A
of major problems include the U.S. Gulf Coast Trinidad the North Sea Venezuela Brazil Malaysia Indonesia China Australia and west
ediate and deep) also demonstrate the shear-failure model can be conservative in predicting sand. In four HPHT wells from other parts of t
at are due to be drilled sub parallel to the dip direction and that will penetrate several sand formations of varying quality liner completions w
er sand control methods employed worldwide. The capital dollars and risk associated with these completions add to the challenge. The ind
d by large volumes of sand matrix and fine clay particles being produced where water breakthrough. Pulse tests and tracer study indicated t
tions involves downhole hardware that is primarily conveyed by a rig. However there are instances when sand control is performed through
tions involves downhole hardware that is primarily conveyed by a rig. However there are instances when sand control is performed through
eated with acid. This has been partly responsible for the some of the changes in completion design. Cased Hole Completion Designs 1997
with the ultimate aim of maximising production and project economics (Sanfilippo et al. 1997; Selfridge et al. 2003). The key obstacle to
n this field consist of unconsolidated fine to very coarse sands deposited on the Block 17 area after passing through the canyon of the Con
nd transport of solids can create either remolded zones of high porosity or cavities filled with slurry composed of sand oil ï¿½water and ga
ed the issue and in 1992 the first gravel-pack completion was installed in the Well A to prevent sand production. However sand control me
ut was also able to predict correctly to the year the onset of sanding in wells. This paper describes the methods employed in this investiga
ut was also able to predict correctly to the year the onset of sanding in wells. This paper describes the methods employed in this investiga
well AA05 had been reported that since 1970 it got fill of 882 ft in four months and up to 906 ft in ten months. To date no sand control or san
well AA05 had been reported that since 1970 it got fill of 882 ft in four months and up to 906 ft in ten months. To date no sand control or san
of water production.
of water production.
ncrease in confining pressure required to fail a perforation tunnel or the wellbore cavity.ï¿½ In practice the approach provides an indication
ncrease in confining pressure required to fail a perforation tunnel or the wellbore cavity.ï¿½ In practice the approach provides an indication
mner et al. 1986 Reeves and Decker 1991 Reid et al. 1992 Young et al. 1992 Shi et al. 2002 Roadifer et al. 2003) have investigated the e
ect completion type which must account for the production strategy and natural changes in the reservoir such as changes in the stress stat
ect completion type which must account for the production strategy and natural changes in the reservoir such as changes in the stress stat
ed through the type of frac pack completion in the TB-03 well. This was positive indication that integrity of the completion might still remain a
Halleck 1994; Wang and Dusseault 1996). There are only a few that give an indication of the severity of sanding (Papamichos and Malman
Halleck 1994; Wang and Dusseault 1996). There are only a few that give an indication of the severity of sanding (Papamichos and Malman
ks. Over the last decades a lot of research by service as well as production companies has been devoted to developing models for sand p
g a number of unconfined compressive strength and triaxial tests on reservoir cores. The laboratory-measured mechanical properties were
the field trial are described.ï¿½In addition discrepancies between the thermodynamic scale prediction models and the laboratory data are
s formation damage. Formation damage around the wellbore causes additional pressure drop. On the other hand stimulation operations su
nd Tariq 1991; Harris 1966; Locke 1981; Klotz et al. 1974) have already been presented in many papers. However they are not directly app
have been used to increase the viscosity of HCl and to improve its performance (Pabley et al. 1982; Crowe et al. 1989). As the viscosity of
ew technologies and methods have greatly enhanced production by offering data and solutions that were not available in previous years. Lik
e etched pattern of the fracture face should have a dominant influence on the resulting fracture conductivity as long as the strength of the ro
ew technologies and methods have greatly enhanced production by offering data and solutions that were not available in previous years. Lik
ich post-stimulation multiple-fold rate increases have been consistently realized. More recently acid fracturing stimulation has been implem
treatments is often directly related to the ability of the acid treatment to remove the near-wellbore damage and connect the wellbore to the
e primary components of the planned completion were a 5-ï¿½ in. 20-lb/ft HP-2 Vam Top production tubing and a 5-in. 18-lb/ft HP-2 Va
pH-triggered increase of viscosity during the acid spending process. Essentially the pH change activates a metallic reagent that crosslinks t
ember 2003 the predominant procedure for stimulating wells in Tengiz was the use of 15% HCl conveyed by coiled tubing. Spotting the aci
ember 2003 the predominant procedure for stimulating wells in Tengiz was the use of 15% HCl conveyed by coiled tubing. Spotting the aci
w mechanical integrity and with highly viscous formation fluids. Carbonate reservoirs are stimulated using acid to dissolve the rock matrix
dition reaction products due to the reactions of the stimulation fluids with various mills and scales in the tubular and in the pumping equipm
mulation because of their low corrosivity4 and lower reaction rate with the rock. ï¿½However they have the following limitations: (1) they ca
paratus container volume and total volume of fluid prepared; e) Time of mixing (should include mixing time(s) at one or more mixer speed
e carbonate acidizing process is much more complex.1ï¿½ This is because the rock structure is significantly altered by the dissolution react
Neocomian and the overpressured high-temperature (above 100ï¿½C) ï¿½deeper Achimov formation. Cenomanian formations that provid
until steady state is reached. Several studies have been done to quantify the relative permeability of gas and condensate. Initially the stud
emperature and concentrations have been reported in the literature 1 2.ï¿½ However few studies on the influence of rock properties on the
chloric acid (HCl) is mixed in batch tanks. Typically the average horizontal length is 2000 ft and the mixing of 20000 gal can take up to 24 h
unicating zones producing oil has been identified by many in the industry as being essentially solved (~ 80% success rate) under certain ci
(ii) a thorough understanding of the treatment parameters that govern the success of a restimulation job so as to be able to optimize the tre
Frontier formation and as a result of the stimulation the well is producing on average 1 100 Mscf/day. On the second well reservoir chara
t 3109â€“3308 m. All stimulation treatments were performed in Triassic formation. The height of the oil part of this reservoir totals 36-75
s were done at low pressure and temperature (Ham and Eilerts 1967). Later studies were done at reservoir conditions with synthetic fluids
ut also impact the production from the lower Burgan sandstone formation as well as formation damage associated with the workover opera
performance. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â€¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Reduced well productivity index due to early onset of multiphase flow in t
ows that for an unconsolidated rock the combination of WH and injection pressure creates more sanding than a monotonic increase in injec
ompared the well productivity between vertical horizontal and hydraulically fractured wells in a gas condensate reservoir using a single we
ance and criticality of the zonal isolation between oil bearing formations for reservoir management ZADCOâ€™s policy is to confirm isolatio
ance and criticality of the zonal isolation between oil bearing formations for reservoir management ZADCOâ€™s policy is to confirm isolatio
t (OU) and asset. In Asia Pacific region various reservoir types exist. In this paper we will discuss an acid stimulation campaign in high pe
1 to 50 mD and the dolomites have better petrophysical properties with porosities between 15 to 27% and permeabilities between 10 and 1
ous media coupled with thermodynamic equilibrium among the reactants and products. For practical purposes the models can be used to d
sufficient capacity to handle the amount of fluid that a well can produce in order to operate efficiently. Some main considerations in FPJP de
d. Several articles papers and textbooks (See References [1] to [21]) do provide detailed information on various methods of unloading a ga
ng artificial lift system does. Recirculates power to run itself. Equipment Description The major components of this lifting system are: Inlet
anently installed downhole flow control equipment and measurement sensors. Intelligent wells add additional value by providing more effec
ons set up by internal eastwest and north-south trending faults as seen in Figure 2. The predominant hydrocarbon-bearing section of the B
products. Perform detailed and extensive Factory Acceptance Tests (FAT).ï¿½ Setup a workshop in the operational base including a mob
industry experience. The main motivation of this study stemmed from understanding the local regulatory bodyâ€™s completion philosophy
Sand prediction models from the operator and the service company teams had independently confirmed that this well was a good candidate
ognized including highly permeable sandstones deltaic distributary channels that incise the flood valley; massive thick mouth bar sandstone
ially treated. This is becoming more of an issue as development wells are being drilled in more dense spacing increasing the chances of tre
meability clean formations.ï¿½ For more poorly sorted sands openhole horizontal gravel packs can be used to surround the screen and sta
arbonate-rich formation rock is limited by the amount of calcite that can dissolve prior to inhibitor-induced surface poisoning; (2) calcite-surfa
es exhibited in a multiphase flow system. In situations where the outflow velocities are sub-critical the wellbore liquids are not continuously
es exhibited in a multiphase flow system. In situations where the outflow velocities are sub-critical the wellbore liquids are not continuously
drilling of about 5 000 ft entirely within the Mauddud reservoir. Geological and Geophysical Considerations in Location Selection: The sele
drilling of about 5 000 ft entirely within the Mauddud reservoir. Geological and Geophysical Considerations in Location Selection: The sele
ad-balancing problems may be corrected by proper placement of wells if the reservoir is characterized perfectly a priori. And incorrect well p
eneral be considered on two different time scales: (1) reservoir management which involves the long-term saturation response of the rese
ons would present in the reservoir and in a higher degree near to the producing wells. It results in an increasing on reservoir liquid saturat
nique reservoir drainage challenges. Without proactively managing inflow destructive erosion of the sandface or early gas or water breakth
rded from the bottom water zone. The heterogeneous nature of the reservoir properties was identified as the reason for such behavior (Gon
007 with production coming predominantly from several prolific gas fields located off Trinidadâ€™s East Coast. The Cannonball field is loca
and sequential SA for a rich data set to demonstrate how parameter interaction factor collapsing and appropriate goodness-of-fit measures
between compressible foam flow and incompressible fluid flow to predict the BHP to study the effect of polymer on foam flow hydraulics
ately addressed in the literature. Background Slotted-liner completion is an uncased completion commonly used for horizontal well comple
e stimulations performed in early 2006 returned incremental rates in excess of 100% over the predictions at sanction. Post-frac production r
e stimulations performed in early 2006 returned incremental rates in excess of 100% over the predictions at sanction. Post-frac production r
al wells with multiple hydraulic fracture treatments. Fig. 1 shows the reservoir layering and typical values for closure stress porosity and th
on within the deposition.ï¿½ Generally up dip to the west and southwest in the Richland County deposit the Bakken Middle Member clean p
perties that these low viscosity fluid lack. The low viscosity fluids are also allowing for lower net pressure rate increase resulting in the possi
on from propped fracture treatments.ï¿½ These particular degradable fibers are continually gaining a favorable reputation worldwide as the
with chemicals 7 gravel packing 8 9 oriented perforating 10 and limited application of frac packing techniques.11 The application of sand c
on is the hydrophobic kerogen partially lining the pore surface. Further the presence of liquid hydrocarbons may adsorb and alter the wetta
hear dampening and fracture behavior at layer interfaces for the unexpected height containment (Warpinski et al. 1998; Barree and Winte
7 was used for the 9-7/8-in. and 10.125-in. casing completions. All workstrings were coated with TK-34 internal plastic coating.
ect was initiated to provide enhancements to viscoelastic surfactant fluid technology which addressed the need for cost control and provid
beek 2002). Water treatment options have been discussed that include desalination reverse osmosis and â€˜floc â€ñ dropâ€™ methods
meaningful technical optimization problem is to realize that penetration and dimensionless fracture conductivity are competing for the same
= 8.5% Sw = 51% Avg Net = 170 ft) and Lower Williams Fork (favg = 8.9% Sw = 51% Avg Net = 175 ft).ï¿½ Reservoir pore pressure gr
980s 2 when the use of the tip-screenout (TSO) technique earned worldwide acceptance as an effective stimulation method for high permea
Western Siberia have applied various techniques to prevent the breakthrough of the propped fracture but so far without a clear and docume
field example within this paper discusses one of these cases. Fracturing a horizontal well may be considered when one of the following situ
en invented which would allow this suspended reservoir to be developed and achieve the planned field production objectives. A task force w
uctive interval to stimulate was greater only 10-15 meters were perforated in order to stimulate Mulichinco zone in a single stage. Simulati
can be a significant carbonate content that can reach 35%. In the southern portion of the area considered there are also limestone reservo
lagged behind in particular when a stimulation treatment is part of the completion or has to be applied as a remedial treatment in wells perf
well has involved the determination of the dimensionless fracture conductivity (Fcd ) relating the flow potential of the fracture to that of the re
receive the optimized treatment and well production will be less than optimal. The industry is searching and experimenting with a variety
poorer fracture conductivity and hence poorer well productivity. Another characteristic discrepancy is underestimation of downhole pressu
easured in a series of proppant pack conductivity tests demonstrating greater than or equal to 95% retained proppant pack permeability.ï¿
ese sands. Drilling and completion of the Morrow wells have been a challenge from early 1960s where it was considered that the only good
op a modified â€œhybrid water frac treatment that mitigates the associated risks with the use of treated water while maintaining the water f
the pressure drop taking place in the formation particularly near wellbore. Production improvement can be achieved through the acid fractu
yield stress measurements ranged from 0 â€“ 17 Pa. This paper builds on the results published earlier9 and demonstrates successful stra
s caused a large variation in the thickness and aerial extent. 2ï¿½ Sandstones and shales are intermixed throughout the Cotton Valley grou
tured (and hopefully undrained) parts of the reservoir. Wrongly estimated fracture azimuth (and its position) can lead to financial losses. Fu
the fracture open.ï¿½ Even as proppants have evolved to include man-made products today the ideal propping agent would be uniformly
faces carefully and then relate the fracture-surface features to the measured fracture conductivity. The preliminary results presented here s
tion for the Priobskoe oilfield comes from AC-10 AC-11 and AC-12. The main focus of this paper is on the AC-11 and AC-12 formations w
ceptance. Due to the inherent inaccessibility of the downhole environment radioactive tracers have represented one of the few viable mean
ts. The range of application of the various inflow equations also had to be determined.
This variation of permeability was explicitly modeled in the proppant pack by dividing the fractureï¿½into segments and calculating the perm
esent in the zone and the high bottom hole temperatures (250-280F) results in undesirably high leak-off rates during acid fracturing treatme
ed due to widely spaced well control may have further influenced hydraulic fracture growth in one stage. Introduction / Purpose of Study Th
are used (Warpinski et al. 2005) the 3D radiation pattern will be measured better allowing for the possibility of more-accurate fracture plane
stress reversal region as a function of various reservoir properties. Fracture turning was also studied using a 2D hydraulic fracture model.
g for accumulation of damages in elastoviscoplastic medium as well as the effect of inhomogenity of porous media properties on fracture pr
uncertainties and improve fracture design information on the geological geomechanical and flow setting is required. This includes stress
confirming the presence if any of a yield stress effect. Experimental Apparatus and Methodology The conductivity apparatus consists
d with 34 wells; 18 oil producers 15 water injectors and 1 gas injector. Water injection will peak at 260 000 BWPD.
crease of the oil production that was declining for over ten years (Dï¿½ria et al 2005). Until 2000 the results of the hydraulic fracturing ope
g blunting or offsetting.12 17 18 21 26 22 24 25ï¿½Offsetting where the fracture crossed a natural fracture was observed in many of these
y left out of this study. However all the necessary data for an economic evaluation (except a few cost items) can readily be retrieved from t
matrix. They also ignore the two phase flow effects inside the fracture.
representing the Russian State and the company Total Exploration Production Russie (TEPR) as Investor and Operator. The KPSA becam
sand while maintaining an underbalanced wellbore condition. Generally the completion cycle time was around 41days before handing well
hin oil rims that tend to cone easily.

gorous solution for the performance of such wells. This situation is reflected in the software domain (or perhaps reflects it) where most com
Sand prediction models from the operator and the service company teams had independently confirmed that this well was a good candidate
use cement to block the formation from which gas leaks to the surface. This process is expensive damages the formation and in many cas
describes a linear relationship between pressure gradient and volumetric flux. At high gas velocity the pressure gradient required to mainta
ctivity[2].ï¿½ However a change in plan was brought about when the drain permeability was found to be very irregular. Good permeability
dulating well. The Cosmopolitan field is located in southern Cook Inlet Alaska USA (Fig. 1). The field was initially discovered in 1967 but n
bserved that a conventional vertical injector could inject about 2000 to 3000 bwpd of produced water by injecting above fracture pressure. A
ses there have been certain limiting technologies on the completion of horizontal wells that have proven to slow that growth. This is primar
ses there have been certain limiting technologies on the completion of horizontal wells that have proven to slow that growth. This is primaril
d through horizontal openhole drains is necessary to achieve acceptable level of production. Openhole completed reservoirs will lead to hig
d through horizontal openhole drains is necessary to achieve acceptable level of production. Openhole completed reservoirs will lead to hig
on the pioneering application of horizontal openhole completions on the North Slope of Alaska. Second is a critical evaluation of the key pa
the model. Calculated flowing bottomhole pressures (FBHPs) agreed with the measurements. Simulations have shown that the smart comp
in flow assurance analysis. This shows the importance of having the accurate water chemistry analysis in generating the curves. Based on
e reserves. Numerous pressure test data have collected to analyze the impairment caused by retrograde condensation shown higher value
ng by temperature log can be traced back to the 1960s and 1970s when a couple of techniques (Ramey 1962; Curtis and Witterholt 1973;
s promise and stop working after only a few months in the well. In recent years and especially with the advent of fiber-optic sensing the rel
nomic project. Differential pressure crossflow or early water breakthrough were the main risks identified with producing multiple-completion
sections resulted in higher drawdown-pressure in the heel section of the completion causing an unbalanced fluid influx. Hence coning of
main fields are: Paka Sur Field and the Eden Yuturi Fields. Both are clastic reservoir with variable fluid and rock properties. Fluid viscosities
on rate and phase cut measurement. It thus has the ability to recognise the presence of and then shut off water/gas producing zone at the
configuring the wellâ€™s completion system. The ultimate goal for this continuous monitoring of the reservoir is to implement a proactive r
cur. The MAC process categorized the various study focus around efficient implementation of intelligent well systems. The key in this proce
y with time during production. The well can then be configured so that hydrocarbon production (or some other objective function) is maximiz
he physical model to field-scale prototype parameters were utilized to perform the block test and interpret some of the experimental observa
he physical model to field-scale prototype parameters were utilized to perform the block test and interpret some of the experimental observa
f CO2 may temporarily hamper the leakage while other actions are considered.
he bubble density (number of bubble per unit gas volume). The population balance model splits gas saturation into flowing and trapped frac
numerical simulation studies showed that the SBP foam model is physically and mathematically robust. But a detailed comparison of the S
id loaded and was unable to get back production even with reduced separator pressure. The production history and field observation show
he inflow of gas and liquids reducing the gas velocity even further so that more liquid is accumulated. The well is said to load up with liquid
for â€œcritical velocity or â€œcritical rate is based on the fact that in mist flow two forces act on each liquid droplet the drag force and the
Flow regime change (Toma 2007). In film drainage the force balance on the liquid film results in a part of the liquid film with a negative (dow
ow of the well.
eans the drag force equals the gravitational force. From that point in time onwards liquid cannot be lifted out of the wellbore which defines
reservoir engineer the remaining reserves as determined by either cessation of production or an economic limit are the paramount issue.
at portion of the water which returns to the well bottom is actually the result of the condensation of water vapor and consolidation of water m
and plunger rise and fall velocities during the rise and fall of 13 different commercial plungers. Among previous studies there exist the fo
servoir resulting in decreased effective permeability and well productivity (Christiansen et al. 2005; Mahadevan et al. 2007). Left unchecke
teady state reservoir model. They concluded that variations in reservoir properties along the treatment interval significantly impacted the ac
nd expected changes in oil rates as sand is produced.
mage (SHARP analysis) have been developed to improve the reservoir characterization of these thinly bedded reservoirs (Ref. 2 and 3). Aft
or control sanding need to be taken on a well to well basis by considering the individual characteristics of each well. The well characteristic
orating process.ï¿½ The rock fabric surrounding the perforation tunnel is altered by the high pressure impact of the jet and the perforation
100-200 md. The reservoir properties are quite homogeneous over the field thus providing optimum candidate wells for the initial evaluatio
leaving J-10.1 un-perforated (Figure 2). Based on the log analysis J-10.2 sand has 6.8m TVD net pay with average effective porosity of 15
s evaluation confirmed the link between poor well productivity and perforating and justified the field trials of new technology in this area. Mo
e simultaneous entry of hydraulic fracturing fluid into multiple reservoir zones with varying in-situ stresses. Few years later the LEP complet
etration perforating to bypass the invasion damage. Fracture stimulation to improve single-well productivity is a risky operation in the HZ fiel
ions are generally made somewhat arbitrarily and are often based on misleading input data. The starting point in most cases is a vendorâ
any field is located on the Sabine Uplift in extreme east Texas adjacent to the Louisiana state line as shown in Fig. 1. Bethany was discov
any field is located on the Sabine Uplift in extreme east Texas adjacent to the Louisiana state line as shown in Fig. 1. Bethany was discov
hese reservoir conditions is ~7000 psi. The reservoir pressure in these cases is well below this optimal pressure so meeting this requiremen
uquen has hosted several discoveries since opening of Loma Negra field in 1997. Loma Negra with reserves of at least 240 million bbl. co
stant skin factor (Earlougher 1977; Lee et al. 2003). Underbalanced perforating has been widely applied to well completion. An UBP induc
was retrieved to surface with an additional run being required. Well does not perform as expected due to insufficient underbalance condition
hether existing guns are adequately qualified within their respective ratings and therefore will be useful to both perforating job planners an
characterising the intensity of chemical reaction (so called reaction velocity). The reaction rate coefficient is proportional to flow velocity for
ces for all species that account for chemical reactions and hydrodynamic dispersion[8 12 17-20].ï¿½ Axi symmetric diffusion-free equation
ulic fracture and the required injection pressure for clean water. Concept 2 As injection proceeds particles in the produced water are dep
r erosive channels) and complex distribution of fluids saturation in the reservoir 7 pilot wells were drilled during the planning phase prior to
well contained two to three interval control valves (ICVs) and four downhole pressure gauges (DHPGs). These technologies facilitated field
to MLNG. Significant log data (Fig. 1) for the Shallow Clastics reservoir were gathered from the appraisal and development wells of the de
D) in a single stage. Initial production rates have exceeded 26 000 BOEPD. The A2ST3BP1 well was successfully drill-stem tested (DST) fr
st-case scenario a completion plan without workstring rotation should be ready to implement. Additionally hydraulic friction for pumping var
gathered from the appraisal and development wells of the deeper carbonate gas reservoirs; however core data were limited to what could
ed the selection of a sand control system capable of providing well bore stabilization in all production wells. Shale Characteristics The deep
other sand-control completion type in that it provides higher well productivity and greater inflow area than others. The gravel packing proces
Selective completion gains in importance in front of reservoir heterogeneities and of lateral permeability contrasts. One additional way to ach
eral years.2 3 Until recently standalone screens have been utilized for sand control in majority of horizontal completions.4ï¿½ Many of the
ed the selection of a sand control system capable of providing well bore stabilization in all production wells. Shale Characteristics The deep
void reduction on gravel-pack permeability caused by shale erosion during the gravel placement. To avoid well internal diameter reduction o
m including diverter valves that are activated sequentially creating a new entry point upstream into the wash pipe 6 light weight gravel which
ch limit supply-vessel access to the harbor to once per day in the harbor of Punta Quilla) introduced significant logistical concerns. To furth
tenance costs (dilution and solids control costs in reactive silt/shale environments).[1] Openhole high-inclination gravel packing is the prefe
e and Offloading (FPSO) unit located at a distance of between 15 and 20 km from Rosa with new installations on the FPSO unit for proces
Australia and western Africa. At least some problems are reported in all areas of the world where oil and gas is produced.
China Australia and western Africa. At least some problems are reported in all areas of the world where oil and gas are produced.
wells from other parts of the world sanding is delayed substantially. In two of the wells failed sand is held back by capillary cohesion. In t
uality liner completions with oriented perforations (0/180 or 10/350o phasing) were ranked higher than more traditional mechanical sand co
to the challenge. The industry strives to find tools to mitigate risk and reduce uncertainty. For sand controlled completions a new proppant
nd tracer study indicated that a short circuit had occurred in the reservoir between the two wells where it took 2 hours 50 minutes to travel f
ntrol is performed through-tubing (rigless intervention) for workover or secondary pay sands4&5. Prior to screenless completions sand con
ntrol is performed through-tubing (rigless intervention) for workover or secondary pay sands4&5. Prior to screenless completions sand con
Completion Designs 1997-2002 The basis of design for the wells drilled from 1997 to 2002 was as follows: Low angle wells (<45o). Stack
03). The key obstacle to the widespread adoption of sand management other than in a few geographical locations has been the inability
gh the canyon of the Congo River. Girassol/Jasmim Oligocene structure evolution is driven by gravity tectonic evolution. Late Cretaceous t
sand oil ï¿½water and gas. Because these zones keep growing with sand production the well behaves as if it had an increasing radius w
However sand control measures were not applied across the entire field. A geomechanics study conducted in 2004 (Sarir Sanding Study P
employed in this investigation provides details of the data acquisition and processing required and demonstrates that accurate sanding pre
employed in this investigation provides details of the data acquisition and processing required and demonstrates that accurate sanding pre
ate no sand control or sand management techniques have been implemented on a field wide basis for the field. Due to fill in the borehole t
ate no sand control or sand management techniques have been implemented on a field wide basis for the field. Due to fill in the borehole t
ach provides an indication of the depletion that can be sustained before the weakest perforation tunnel undergoes a significant deformation
ach provides an indication of the depletion that can be sustained before the weakest perforation tunnel undergoes a significant deformation
3) have investigated the effects of coal properties and reservoir conditions on coalbed gas-well performance.
changes in the stress state permeability and multiphase flow including water cut. Once the completion type is chosen it must be operated
changes in the stress state permeability and multiphase flow including water cut. Once the completion type is chosen it must be operated
pletion might still remain and the well could be restored to production.
Papamichos and Malmanger 1999; Nouri et al. 2003; van den Hoek and Geilikman 2003). Some models view sand production as a mixed h
Papamichos and Malmanger 1999; Nouri et al. 2003; van den Hoek and Geilikman 2003). Some models view sand production as a mixed h
eloping models for sand production prediction. In terms of the sanding problem clastic reservoirs can be divided into three groups accordin
chanical properties were then correlated with the properties derived from openhole logs. The magnitudes of the in-situ stresses and formati
d the laboratory data are also discussed indicating that further model tuning may be required for these less common scales. Introduction
stimulation operations such as acidizing may decrease the pressure drop in the near-wellbore region by improving the formation permeabil
they are not directly applicable to a horizontal well because the reservoir anisotropy in a horizontal well creates complex plane-flow geom
1989). As the viscosity of the acid increases the rate of acid spending decreases and as a result deeper acid penetration can be achieved
able in previous years. Likewise technologies often considered archaic by todayâ€™s fast paced standards continue to pay dividends whe
g as the strength of the rock can withstand the load.ï¿½ As the closure stress is increased surface features along the fracture faces may b
able in previous years. Likewise technologies often considered archaic by todayâ€™s fast paced standards continue to pay dividends whe
mulation has been implemented also in horizontal producers with equally impressive results.
nnect the wellbore to the formation. In addition to determining the most effective combination of acid blends and volumes for each particula
a 5-in. 18-lb/ft HP-2 Vam Top cemented liner. Refer to Fig. 3 for full details of the proposed completion for Well 23/26a-B1y. Stimulation
c reagent that crosslinks the polymer chains and the resulting viscosity increase causes a higher flow resistance (Mukherjee and Gudney 1
ed tubing. Spotting the acid in front of the various reservoir layers provided diversion of the acid. Results of laboratory tests in which visco
ed tubing. Spotting the acid in front of the various reservoir layers provided diversion of the acid. Results of laboratory tests in which visco
dissolve the rock matrix to create conductive pathways from the reservoir to the wellbore.[1 2] The conductive channels (â€œwormholes)
nd in the pumping equipment can also upset the optimized acid formulation; cause adverse reactions with the formation minerals; and furth
wing limitations: (1) they cannot be used at high acid concentrations. This is because of the limited solubility of their calcium salts. For instan
one or more mixer speed(s)); f) Identification of each component and amount added; g) The order and method of addition of each compone
d by the dissolution reaction which increases the permeability contrast between the treated and the untreated zones.ï¿½ Unless effective
ian formations that provide the majority of the gas production had represented a great challenge for stimulation in Western Siberia untilï¿½l
densate. Initially the studies were done at low pressure and temperature.14 Later studies were done at reservoir conditionswith synthetic fl
e of rock properties on the acidization process have been reported 3 4.ï¿½ Previous studies on the influence of injection rate have shown
00 gal can take up to 24 hours due to the confined space on the drilling barges and the number of acid carboys available. Handling and mix
cess rate) under certain circumstances. The water-producing zone can be mechanically isolated and the relevant gel treatment injected to c
be able to optimize the treatment for maximum rate of return. Advances in the design and evaluation software improved diagnostic techniq
cond well reservoir characterization was fundamental to select the best stimulation practice considering the fact that this well was a direct
his reservoir totals 36-75 m. The height of the gas part equals 56 m. The water/oil contact has been established at a level of 3168â€“3404
tions with synthetic fluids (Henderson et al. 2000; Kumar et al. 2006; Kumar 2006; Ayyalasomayajula et al. 2003; Bang et al. 2006) as w
d with the workover operation. Several wells were treated with this approach in the past but the results showed not to be very cost effective
set of multiphase flow in the reservoir; ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â€¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Early installation of artificial lift resulting in increa
onotonic increase in injection pressure with the same equivalent total injection pressure. The additional sanding is attributed to the faster ra
eservoir using a single well compositional model. They have also examined the impact of the length of the horizontal well on the pressure dr
policy is to confirm isolation by physical communication tests regardless of the quality of cement interpreted from cement bond logs. The po
policy is to confirm isolation by physical communication tests regardless of the quality of cement interpreted from cement bond logs. The po
ation campaign in high permeability oil bearing sand stone reservoirs in Brunei.
abilities between 10 and 100 mD. The natural fracturing is poor the production is from the matrix porosity. The sandstones are fine to very
e models can be used to design field scale acid stimulation treatment and to predict the performance of the stimulated wells. For carbonate
considerations in FPJP design are the formation fluid inflow pressures and the flow rate that can be supplied from the prolific formation to t
methods of unloading a gas well. In general these methods is categorize into two main groups. These groups are based on source energy u
lifting system are: Inlet Air Compressor Surface Venturi Downhole Tubular and Valves Air Turbine Inlet Air Compressor As shown in
ue by providing more effective cleanup than conventional ones. Subdividing the total producing length into a number of zones which are ope
n-bearing section of the Bayu-Undan Field occurs in the upper part of the Early to Middle Jurassic Plover Formation and throughout the Late
nal base including a mobile test bunker and bucking machine to re-test all the critical assemblies before sending offshore.
™s completion philosophy. Derived primarily from the oilwell analog the current regulation prevents layer commingling when production occ
well was a good candidate for a cased and perforated completion with oriented perforating. Tubing conveyed perforating (TCP) assembly co
hick mouth bar sandstones and sheet-type shore terraces reservoirs. The PK group of reservoirs deposited in the deltaic coastal setting. A
reasing the chances of treating some depleted layers. The Treat And Produce (TAP) Completion system has been developed to allow the
round the screen and stabilize the wellbore in a horizontal well.ï¿½ Advantages of horizontal wells over vertical ones have been well docu
poisoning; (2) calcite-surface poisoning effect is observed after approximately 20 molecular layers of phosphonate surface coverage that re
uids are not continuously and uniformly transported up the wellbore to the surface.ï¿½ Turner et al1 identified that there are two transport m
uids are not continuously and uniformly transported up the wellbore to the surface.ï¿½ Turner et al1 identified that there are two transport m
ation Selection: The selection criteria for choosing the well location included the results obtained from detailed geophysical petro-physical
ation Selection: The selection criteria for choosing the well location included the results obtained from detailed geophysical petro-physical
priori. And incorrect well placement may be partially compensated by adjusting wellboresâ€™ flow rates with respect to each other. This is
ation response of the reservoir (e.g. optimization of sweep efficiency in waterflooding) and (2) production optimization which involves the p
on reservoir liquid saturation what is called as formation damage by liquid blockage. This liquid blockage remains due to capillary forces a
early gas or water breakthrough is likely because frictional pressure drop causes the flow to be unevenly distributed and greatest at the he
on for such behavior (Gonzalez et al. 2003). A DESP system resulted in an increased production in a well with multiple production zones wi
he Cannonball field is located approximately 35 miles off the southeast coast of Trinidad in 240 ft of water (Figure 1). The discovery well Iro
goodness-of-fit measures can be employed to achieve a parsimonious model of the given data. Note that a parsimonious model in this co
on foam flow hydraulics and to optimize controllable variables during foam drilling. The model incorporates both aqueous and polymer-bas
for horizontal well completion to maintain borehole integrity and to prevent formation sloughing. Ong et al.6 presented an analytical study a
on. Post-frac production results suggest that vertical communication through the entire reservoir section achieved through fracturing is a d
on. Post-frac production results suggest that vertical communication through the entire reservoir section achieved through fracturing is a d
re stress porosity and thickness for each reservoir section. The horizontal section targets the Tor formation and is typically about 1800 m i
en Middle Member clean portion has the higher oil saturations as calculated from vertical well logs and better permeability as noted by vertic
ease resulting in the possibility to place fractures with longer fracture half lengths and reduced fracture heights improving the possibility to co
putation worldwide as the technology has evolved and the scope of relevant well-types has expanded.
The application of sand control methods in Brunei have shown remarkable changes in terms of technology used to ensure the treatment ca
adsorb and alter the wettability of the reservoir. These factors make it difficult without direct measurement to determine the inherent wettabi
. 1998; Barree and Winterfeld 1998; Wolhart et al. 2004). Alternatively more advanced numerical models have been developed for hydrau
astic coating.
or cost control and provided the ability to use various mix-water fluid types. Viscoelastic Surfactant Fluid Development. Viscoelastic surfact
c â€ñ dropâ€™ methods but trucking costs associated with moving water to treatment facilities often make this an expensive option for ope
e competing for the same source: the propped volume. In the UFD method the propped number is introduced as two times of the ratio of th
Reservoir pore pressure gradients range from 0.42 psi/ft in the Upper Williams Fork to 0.56 psi/ft in the lower section known as the Cameo.ï¿
on method for high permeability formations. Modern frac-and-packs involving the use of the TSO technique high proppant concentrations an
thout a clear and documented success. This paper describes a combined technique to control fracture height growth through the use of se
n one of the following situations is apparent. Restricted vertical flow caused by low vertical permeability or lamination. Low formation prod
objectives. A task force with team members from both KOC and the service company worked closely together to recover the resources in
n a single stage. Simulations with 3D models were done in order to predict downward fracture growth into the underlying sands containing
are also limestone reservoirs which are often interbedded with sandstone lenses. As these reservoirs have been in production for severa
dial treatment in wells performing below expectations1.
e fracture to that of the reservoir. Fcd is calculated by use of the following equation: [Eqn 2] For steady- or pseudosteady-state flow in oil
perimenting with a variety of methods to stimulate each production interval independently to optimize gas production from each interval. Th
mation of downhole pressure. Matching of the brittle linear-elastic model with field data by means of the appropriate choice of effective fractu
ppant pack permeability.ï¿½ Laboratory Fluid Loss Measurements To model the fluid loss properties the VES system was injected into 1
sidered that the only good Morrow well was the one that was producing naturally.ï¿½ Poor success of initial fracture-stimulations observed
le maintaining the water frac treatment cost and clean-up advantages. Introduction Since being â€œintroduced (or re-introduced) by UPR
ed through the acid fracturing as it will be discussed in details in this paper. The planning and execution process of the acid fracturing treatm
monstrates successful strategies that mitigate the yield stress effects to help restore the effectiveness of the full length of the fracture. In add
out the Cotton Valley group resulting in a highly laminated formation.ï¿½ Sand layers have contiguous thicknesses of only a few inches up
ead to financial losses. Furthermore the borehole deviation are used not only the to determine fracture azimuth but also the distance betw
agent would be uniformly placed over the created length and not be subject to conductivity damage.ï¿½ Unfortunately hydraulic fractures a
y results presented here show how statistical properties of the surface-roughness distribution are related to the fracture conductivity.
and AC-12 formations where production development and enhancement activities have started in 2000. The AC-11 formation consists of
ne of the few viable means for analyzing the placement and flow of various processes and materialsï¿½. Radioactive tracers have been fou
s and calculating the permeability in each segment.
ng acid fracturing treatments. Regular HCl acid has high leak-off rates that hinder acid propagation during fracturing treatments. The rate o
ion / Purpose of Study The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of a passive surface emission tomography (PSETï¿½) microsei
ore-accurate fracture planes. Nevertheless the observed seismic radiation can be used to at least constrain the orientation of the fracture p
hydraulic fracture model.

a properties on fracture propagation. The problem of fluids displacement from porous media instability and viscous fingering was addresse
red. This includes stress distribution in the wellbore formation elastic properties and fluid loss data. Rueda et al.2 discussed consideration
ctivity apparatus consists of two Ohio sandstone cores (~ 0.2 md) confining the proppant pack a metal cell with a movable top piston for c
e hydraulic fracturing operations in the Carmï¿½polis field were below the expectancy. The low reservoir pressure associated with the high
observed in many of these laboratory experiments and was recognized as an important feature.23 27 Numerical modeling of fracture growt
readily be retrieved from the database. All assets included in this study are situated in the Southern Central Graben in the North Sea in rela
perator. The KPSA became effective in January 1999 and the production started in October 1999. Effective January 1999 Norsk Hydro Sve
days before handing well over to production. The majority of the fracturing treatments were designed by using the 3D Mfrac model. Real tim
eflects it) where most commercially available nodal analysis packages cannot easily model auto gas lift wells. Interestingly the flow contro
well was a good candidate for a cased and perforated completion with oriented perforating. Tubing conveyed perforating (TCP) assembly co
ormation and in many cases as in abandoned wells this practice has failed. This could be due to either poor completion jobs or the nature
radient required to maintain a certain flow rate through porous media is higher than that predicted by Darcyâ€™s law. The effect of inertia h
gular. Good permeability was found to occur in random zones of around 200 â€“ 500 m and this prompted the decision to develop the field
discovered in 1967 but never developed due to inconclusive evaluation of the reservoir. The structure was retested in 2002 with drilling the
above fracture pressure. Above this rate fracture growth becomes excessive and the well eventually loses rates to the more permeable Zon
hat growth. This is primarily the ability to effectively stimulate or fracture different intervals of the horizontal wellbore particularly in reservoir
hat growth. This is primarily the ability to effectively stimulate or fracture different intervals of the horizontal wellbore particularly in reservoirs
d reservoirs will lead to higher productivity index but usually damage due to drilling mud is a concern. During the recent years mud systems
d reservoirs will lead to higher productivity index but usually damage due to drilling mud is a concern. During the recent years mud systems
al evaluation of the key parameters instrumental to the success of horizontal openhole completions at the Colville River field. In the third se
hown that the smart completion gives an opportunity to produce the well over the full length. A sensitivity analysis was performed by removi
ting the curves. Based on the saline hydrate curve and maximum shut-in wellhead pressure of 3 000 psia the temperature in the entire tub
sation shown higher value of skin for those cases which the production rate was very low and velocity profile was high. This controversial sit
urtis and Witterholt 1973; Romero-Juï¿½rez 1969) were proposed to quantitatively estimate flow rates at various wellbore positions. The tec
iber-optic sensing the reliability picture is changing. In electronic systems the reliability of monitoring equipment deteriorates rapidly with in
ducing multiple-completion wells that might lead to costly well interventions (Glandt 2005).
d influx. Hence coning of water and gas toward the heel of the well was observed. Variable distribution of permeability along the wellbore al
operties. Fluid viscosities varies in the field from ï¿½5 cP 8 cP 12 cP 19 cP to 21 cP and corresponding API gravities. Figure 1 shows the
gas producing zone at the zone or the bore level. There are three main types of ICVs in terms of the style of control: two position valves (
o implement a proactive reservoir management technique.[2] The â€œAdded Value from an Intelligent Well depends on the optimum imp
ems. The key in this process is the analysis module. Based on the data from the sensors the first step analysis is typically production/injecti
ective function) is maximized by optimizing the inflow profile along the well using fixed control devices sized prior to installation (e.g. Brekk
the experimental observations7 8 9. The experiment was designed to perform two tests in one large block. Two conditions for hydraulic fra
the experimental observations7 8 9. The experiment was designed to perform two tests in one large block. Two conditions for hydraulic fra
o flowing and trapped fractions. The introduction of parameters that may be difficult to measure experimentally is disadvantageous and it is
ailed comparison of the SBP with experiments is still lacking. In this paper we present a numerical analysis of the foam flow in the porous
nd field observation shows that the dynamic instability conditions exist before the wellâ€™s being killed. Liquid Load-up: Static vs. Dynamic
said to load up with liquid and flow ceases altogether (or in the best case some gas continues to bubble upward through a liquid column). S
et the drag force and the gravity force. With decreasing reservoir pressure the drag force declines and once it balances with the gravity for
d film with a negative (downwards) velocity. System instability occurs when the inflow performance relation (IPR reservoir curve) intersects
e wellbore which defines the onset of liquid loading. Figure 1 illustrates the Turner droplet model. Equation 1 gives the formula for critical v
re the paramount issue. For production engineering there is interest in the gas well deliquification community in developing a methodical a
d consolidation of water mist in form of larger droplets in the upper segment of the well (upper 3000 foot segment) where the temperature is
studies there exist the following limitations. (1) Constant tubing pressure is assumed; (2) No vigorous dynamic model for plunger falling pro
t al. 2007). Left unchecked production can decline and the well will load up and cease to produce.
nificantly impacted the acid placement. The need to include wellbore phenomena was also emphasized in their work. A new model is prese
ervoirs (Ref. 2 and 3). After reservoir characterization other frequently asked questions for thinly bedded reservoir are: What is the produ
ell. The well characteristics include inclination and orientation in the in-situ stress field and formation strength.
e jet and the perforation tunnel itself can be filled with rock and charge debris.ï¿½ Ignoring the heterogeneity caused by perforations can re
ells for the initial evaluation of the new perforating technique. Background Well-0 was the discovery well of Field-Î². It was drilled as a verti
ge effective porosity of 15% and permeability of 26md followed by water saturation of 37.7%. After 2 years of production gas rates started
chnology in this area. Most of the perforating technology developments have been focused on obtaining deeper penetrations. However fe
ars later the LEP completion technique was introduced in steam-injection wells by Mobil Oil Corp. in 1975 [4]. Mobil Oil Corp. tested this tec
ky operation in the HZ fields because the thin pay sandstones often have a bottom oil/water contact. Acid stimulation is possible; however
most cases is a vendorâ€™s catalogue the service providerâ€™s proprietary software or the service providerâ€™s representative conve
ig. 1. Bethany was discovered in 1916 and has produced over 1.6 Tcf gas and 53 million barrels liquid from Cretaceous and Jurassic reserv
ig. 1. Bethany was discovered in 1916 and has produced over 1.6 Tcf gas and 53 million barrels liquid from Cretaceous and Jurassic reserv
o meeting this requirement is impossible. Also executing a job with such a high drawdown in these conditions would be dangerous and is no
at least 240 million bbl. could be one of Argentinaâ€™s top producing fields of this decade. The formation is a sandstone called Punta Rosa
completion. An UBP induces pressure transient that provides an opportunity to evaluate the dynamic formation properties with interpretation
ent underbalance condition. Guns sanded in due to higher than expected underbalance Premature firing of guns due to pressure surges.
erforating job planners and perforating system developers. A second application is to special perforating jobs that may require some altera
rtional to flow velocity for small velocities and the proportionality coefficient is called the kinetics coefficient12 13 14. The kinetics coefficien
tric diffusion-free equations of multiple chemical reactions during injection can be solved analytically using method of characteristics[21]. T
produced water are deposited in the injection formation horizon and a damaged" zone forms around the hydraulic fracture surface.ï¿½Th
e planning phase prior to 2002. This pilot program led to a development plan with 16 horizontal producer wells with lateral extensions arou
hnologies facilitated field development planning updates developing an intelligent well field philosophy and also alternative methods for dev
velopment wells of the deeper carbonate gas reservoirs; however core data were limited to what could be generated from a single poor-qu
y drill-stem tested (DST) from a dynamically positioned semi-submersible drilling vessel during the pre-drill program prior to installation of th
lic friction for pumping various fluids throughout the completion processes of cleanout displacement perforating washout and frac packing
were limited to what could be generated from a single poor-quality core from E11-SC1. A dedicated Shallow Clastics appraisal/ early-produc
Characteristics The deepwater Angola fields are located in shallow immature sediments which typically have reactive shales that are incom
The gravel packing process involves pumping into the well a carrier fluid that contains the necessary amount of gravel to deposit in the annu
One additional way to achieve this segmentation would be to split the wells using open hole packers. Concurrently open hole packers and
letions.4ï¿½ Many of these wells have failed prematurely due to either productivity loss from screen plugging or loss of sand control from s
Characteristics The deepwater Angola fields are located in shallow immature sediments which typically have reactive shales that are incom
ernal diameter reduction or high completion cost an intensive laboratory activity was carried out to identify a chemical solution to prevent th
6 light weight gravel which allows lower pump rates for the same alpha-wave dune height as in conventional gravel7 and drag reducing add
gistical concerns. To further complicate the operational strategies the extreme tidal-wave conditions also generate very strong currents an
gravel packing is the preferred technique adopted by many operators in this region. Since most of these reservoirs contain reactive shale s
the FPSO unit for processing the production from Rosa (Fig. 2). The adopted development scheme includes the drilling in the base case
produced.
as are produced.
by capillary cohesion. In the other two wells the explanation given is arching effects acting to reduce the stresses. More work is required to
tional mechanical sand control options. Stand Alone Screen (SAS) solutions are perceived to have a higher risk wrt running to TD hole sta
mpletions a new proppant/gravel has been developed that provides the ability to identify the exact well or zone that has failed. With this iden
ours 50 minutes to travel from surface to surface. The wormhole dimension was calculated to be greater than a 6 inch equivalent diameter.
ss completions sand control options for these secondary targets have been limited. A screenless completion eliminates the need for scree
ss completions sand control options for these secondary targets have been limited. A screenless completion eliminates the need for scree
angle wells (<45o). Stacked cased hole gravel packs (CHGP) to provide sand control and zonal isolation capability. Lower completion insta
ns has been the inability to predict the volumes of sand expected during the production period. The volume or rate of sand production det
olution. Late Cretaceous to Oligocene isï¿½characterized by the development of a NW-SE trough bounded by passive salt ridges. The Upp
ad an increasing radius with time. The third mechanism which induces production enhancement is related to exsolution of dissolved gas.
04 (Sarir Sanding Study Phase I1) examined seven wells in the south eastern part of Sarir. It identified the source and severity of the sand
that accurate sanding predictions can be achieved by focusing effort on certain input data targeting and reducing specific uncertainties an
that accurate sanding predictions can be achieved by focusing effort on certain input data targeting and reducing specific uncertainties an
ue to fill in the borehole the production for this field is obstructed to a lower level which lead to significant economical loss. A geomechani
ue to fill in the borehole the production for this field is obstructed to a lower level which lead to significant economical loss. A geomechani
a significant deformation leading to its disaggregation (normally referred to as the critical bottomhole reservoir pressure).ï¿½ This single-c
a significant deformation leading to its disaggregation (normally referred to as the critical bottomhole reservoir pressure).ï¿½ This single-c
osen it must be operated optimally to maximize production while maintaining efficiency and longevity. For instance in sand-control comple
osen it must be operated optimally to maximize production while maintaining efficiency and longevity. For instance in sand-control comple
d production as a mixed hydromechanical process (Papamichos and Malmanger 1999; Tronvoll et al. 1992; Tronvoll et al. 1997a; Tronvoll
d production as a mixed hydromechanical process (Papamichos and Malmanger 1999; Tronvoll et al. 1992; Tronvoll et al. 1997a; Tronvoll
nto three groups according to the strength of the reservoir rocks which is directly related to their risk for
-situ stresses and formation pressure were derived from analysis of openhole logs standard leak-off test data coefficient of active earth pr
mon scales. Introduction Scale deposition is a widespread problem that causes production deferment necessitates costly intervention an
g the formation permeability around the wellbore. The impact of permeability impairment/improvement around the wellbore caused by drillin
complex plane-flow geometry normal to the well which alters the flow efficiency of a perforated completion. In this work we present a new s
netration can be achieved (Deysarkar et al. 1984). The addition of uncross-linked polymers to HCl improved acid penetration; however aci
nue to pay dividends when properly integrated with the new technology and enhanced methodology which is constantly developing. Althou
g the fracture faces may be crushed and the fracture conductivity is more dependent on the rock strength than on the initial etching pattern.ï
nue to pay dividends when properly integrated with the new technology and enhanced methodology which is constantly developing. Althou
olumes for each particular reservoir treatment design and planning are done to ensure that the correct procedure is followed to place the a
23/26a-B1y. Stimulation Design Selection The fractures that show the largest potential for production are also typically the fractures that t
Mukherjee and Gudney 1993; Saxon et al. 1997). Further increase of the pH deactivates the metallic crosslinker and breaks the fluid down
atory tests in which viscoelastic diverting acid systems were injected through limestone cores suggested that viscoelastic diverting acid s
atory tests in which viscoelastic diverting acid systems were injected through limestone cores suggested that viscoelastic diverting acid s
hannels (â€œwormholes) bypass the damage created during the drilling or cementing process or damage created by sustained productio
mation minerals; and further aggravate the overall complex chemistry involved in the sandstone stimulation process.5 Accordingly the need
r calcium salts. For instance acetic and formic acids are typically used at concentrations less than 13 and 9 wt% respectively to avoid prec
addition of each component; h) Aging or holding time at temperature if required prior to tests; i) Test temperature; j) pH (for aqueous fluids
nes.ï¿½ Unless effectively diverted the treated region eventually becomes the sink for the acid and leaving other regions not adequately a
Western Siberia untilï¿½last year. Most of these gas fields are in production since the 80-s and have been significantly depleted with reser
conditionswith synthetic fluids4 6 7 as well as with reservoir fluids.15 Various parameters such as interfacial tension 16 high flow rates 17 1
njection rate have shown that characteristic dissolution patterns are observed at different injection rates 5 6. These patterns are categorize
ailable. Handling and mixing large volume of acid can be a logistical nightmare especially when there are more than 2 horizontal wells that
gel treatment injected to completely block off the zone. Although this is a relatively simple case it still requires extremely good diagnosis of
proved diagnostic techniques etc have played a key role in restimulation success during the past ten years as have the technological adva
that this well was a direct offset form a well drilled and completed in 1993. Accordingly the operator opted to run a dipole sonic imaging too
at a level of 3168â€“3404 m. The reservoir is fully or partially stratified and tectonically screened. The productive horizons are composed o
3; Bang et al. 2006) as well as with reservoir fluids (Nagarajan et al. 2004; Mott et al. 2000). Various parameters such as interfacial tensio
ot to be very cost effective considering the complexity of the operation as well as the production loss from the lower Burgan formation during
icial lift resulting in increased Capital and Operating Expenditure; ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â€¢ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Production problems
s attributed to the faster rate of formation degradation in response to the more frequent pressure pulses which is demonstrated in Figure 2.
al well on the pressure draw down and condensate blockage around the well. Their results showed that the pressure draw down and conde
ement bond logs. The policy is applied selectively however. Only cement barriers between formations where production is planned are test
ement bond logs. The policy is applied selectively however. Only cement barriers between formations where production is planned are test
ndstones are fine to very fine with porosities values between 8 and 20% and permeability between 50 and 200 mD sometimes up to 400m
ated wells. For carbonate acidizing on the other hand the chemistry of acid-carbonate dissolution is straight forward especially for the HCl-c
m the prolific formation to the FPJP. Proprietary design programs and worksheets are used to model FPJP performance in wells. Post FPJP
based on source energy used to provide the required lift. The two groups are the Reservoir Supplied Energy Systems and the External Sup
Compressor As shown in the subsequent calculations the primary concern here is the flowrate and not the pressure. Nominal pressures a
er of zones which are opened successively during the well start-up period is a field proven practice that maximises the drawdown to a parti
n and throughout the Later Jurassic Elang Formation. In addition a thin interval belonging to the Frigate and the Flamingo Formations form
gling when production occurs from different geologic horizons. This regulation does not preclude commingling layers of contrasting properti
orating (TCP) assembly consisted of a gross length of 1 301-ft with a net perforation length of 460-ft 4-spf and 180o phased 4-1/2-in guns
deltaic coastal setting. AS reservoirs are associated with the delta tributaries and crevasse splays while the BS reservoirs consist of coast
en developed to allow the efficient treatment of individual layers in cemented casehole completions. TAP Completions use special casing va
nes have been well documented.ï¿½ Specifically in the Niger Delta horizontal wells have been found to have the potential to dramatically
surface coverage that retards further calcite dissolution; and (3) the consequence of retarded calcite dissolution is that less basic ion CO2
t there are two transport mechanisms that must be considered in evaluating the transport capability of a system for moving liquids upward in
t there are two transport mechanisms that must be considered in evaluating the transport capability of a system for moving liquids upward in
eophysical petro-physical and sedimentological analysis; and geo-mechanical modeling.

eophysical petro-physical and sedimentological analysis; and geo-mechanical modeling.
pect to each other. This is best done by establishing flow-rate control through variable completions. Thus for areal nonuniformity and hetero
ation which involves the pressure and short-term saturation responses (such as water breakthrough) (Rossi et al. 2000). Short-term produc
s due to capillary forces and also due to the high gas-liquid mobility ratio. Some authors propose the existence of three flowâ€™s regions
ed and greatest at the heel of the horizontal section.ï¿½Uneven drawdown dislodges sand grains which follow the path of least resistance
ltiple production zones with different reservoir properties such as permeabilities and pressures (Almeida et al. 2002; Magherini et al. 2003).
1). The discovery well Ironhorse-1 ST1 was drilled in 2002. In 2005 a minimal structure (nine slot four pile) production platform was install
monious model in this context refers to one containing the minimum number of significant parameters that adequately represents the data
aqueous and polymer-based foam rheological parameters that were obtained using pipe viscometers with different HEC polymer concentrat
nted an analytical study and indicated that a slotted-liner completion has a critical drawdown pressure of approximately 350 psi greater than
d through fracturing is a dominant mechanism for improved production performance. Connecting the stimulated wells in the full field model (
d through fracturing is a dominant mechanism for improved production performance. Connecting the stimulated wells in the full field model (
s typically about 1800 m in length (Derbez and Moos 2000). The completion method allows each zone to be mechanically isolated from the
meability as noted by vertical well log resistivity invasion profiles.ï¿½ï¿½ Higher production and reserves of these wells reflect these higher o
proving the possibility to contain the fracture in the pay zone This proved to be beneficial particularly in reservoir conditions where fracture v
o ensure the treatment capable of controlling the formation sand production as well as maintaining the hydrocarbon production rate.12-16 I
mine the inherent wettability of reservoir. The fact that the composition and surface of the reservoir are heterogeneous in three dimensions
een developed for hydraulic fracture simulators (Smith et al. 2001; Siebrits et al. 2001) and the combined effect of height-containment mec
ment. Viscoelastic surfactant (VES) fracturing fluid systems have been routinely and successfully employed over the last two decades in hy
n expensive option for operators (Kaufman et al. 2008 Horn 2009). Literature has also been documented on the use of untreated recycled
two times of the ratio of the propped volume to the reservoir volume weighted by their permeability contrast. Their charts present the dimen
on known as the Cameo.ï¿½ Typical fracture gradients range from 0.5 psi/ft to 0.75 psi/ft and Youngâ€™s Moduli range from 3-7 million psi
roppant concentrations and gelled fracturing fluids were first introduced in Venezuela by Schlumberger in 1996. Since then this technique
wth through the use of selective placement of artificial barriers to proppant transport that are placed adjacent to the pay zone adjusted frac
ation. Low formation productivity because of low formation permeability. Low-stress contrast between the pay zone and the surrounding lay
recover the resources in these very challenging environments through the use of the latest openhole stimulation technologies available in t
derlying sands containing movable water. After fracture stimulations the perforated interval showed to be in the most convenient area to sta
n in production for several decades pressure maintenance is normally carried out with water injection. The produced oil has a low GOR he
udosteady-state flow in oil wells several authors including Prats (1961) and McGuire and Sikora (1960) have developed correlations that e
ion from each interval. The difficulty is to find a method that is efficient effective and cost competitive. The sequential opening of a single
e choice of effective fracture toughness shows that the value of the fracture toughness measured in the laboratory can be by order of magn
ystem was injected into 12-inch long sandstone cores at a constant driving pressure of 1000 psi. The cumulative fluid volume flowing into
re-stimulations observed by most operators perhaps contributed to this belief.ï¿½ Other completion â€œprinciples which may owe their orig
(or re-introduced) by UPRC in 199716 water fracs have been a topic of wide and increasing interest both in the ETCV (East Texas Cotton V
f the acid fracturing treatment that was implemented is shown in Fig. 1. The detailed steps within this process are listed in Table 1.
ngth of the fracture. In addition it presents the first data characterizing flow across the filter cake to simulate flow from the reservoir into the
s of only a few inches up to 15 ft.ï¿½ Very fine grained sandstones siltstones shales and limestones comprise the majority of the rock typ
but also the distance between the treatment and monitoring wells. Traditionally in HFM the initial isotropic velocity model is built from sonic
tely hydraulic fractures are not ideal and proppant packs are subject to damage and conductivity degradation.ï¿½ Therefore it is imperativ
cture conductivity.
-11 formation consists of laminated oil saturated sandstone. The average permeability of AC-11 formation is 8mD and the porosity is 13-16
ive tracers have been found to be useful in developing information in virtually all aspects of drilling completing and producing a well. A pa
ing treatments. The rate of leak-off 3 Ct can be determined using Eq. 1
aphy (PSETï¿½) microseismic experiment conducted in a well in the Williams Fork Formation Piceance Basin western Colorado. The Willi
ientation of the fracture plane in cases where the data cannot image the failure-plane orientation accurately. In this paper we present a ca
s fingering was addressed in many papers [3-10]. Investigating instability in miscible displacement differs greatly from that in immiscible flui
2 discussed considerations for pushing fracturing limits to maximize productivity. They derived optimum fracture length width and conductiv
a movable top piston for controlling the closure stress pressure and temperature ports and inlet and outlet ports with valves.ï¿½The cores
associated with the high costs of the fracturing operations and the low oil prices turned these operations uneconomical during the nineties
modeling of fracture growth resulting in offset development is not often undertaken. Jeffrey et al.13 considered offset development as a resu
en in the North Sea in relative close proximity to each other. The assets are producing oil from chalk depositions about three kilometres be
ry 1999 Norsk Hydro Sverige A.B (40% of participating interests) and Nenets Oil Company (10%) joined the project becoming together wit
3D Mfrac model. Real time data has been monitored by linking-up a laptop to the treatment van computer for fracture evaluation and re-de
erestingly the flow control valve technology developed for auto gas lift has found applications in subsea and deepwater wells using conven
orating (TCP) assembly consisted of a gross length of 1 301-ft with a net perforation length of 460-ft 4-spf and 180o phased 4-1/2-in guns
pletion jobs or the nature of the formation and its fluids. This paper introduces a new concept for the use of heavy oil-in-water (HO/W) emu
law. The effect of inertia has to be added. The result is the Forchheimer equation expressed by [Equation 1] where Î¼g is gas viscosity kg
cision to develop the field using horizontal wells[2] the intention being to drill very long horizontal sections to intersect the productive zone
ed in 2002 with drilling the Hansen #1 wellbore and subsequently with drilling the Hansen #1A sidetrack in 20031. Initial oil in place is estim
o the more permeable Zone 3 connecting it to Zone 4. This has a negative impact on flood efficiency creating water cycling. Conversely wh
re particularly in reservoirs that are not naturally fractured. The use of limited entry and bullheading techniques provides little if any benefi
e particularly in reservoirs that are not naturally fractured. The use of limited entry and bullheading techniques provides little if any benefit
ecent years mud systems evolution was remarkable. The objectives are to achieve: Very low leakoff to the reservoir by the design of optim
ecent years mud systems evolution was remarkable. The objectives are to achieve: Very low leakoff to the reservoir by the design of optim
River field. In the third section the characteristics identified in the Colville River field are used to evaluate other major producing fields on th
was performed by removing the smart completion from the model. Results justified the smart completion because the well would be produc
mperature in the entire tubing must stay above 60ï¿½F to be free from hydrate risks. To keep the operating condition of a well or a hydrocar
high. This controversial situation brings up the improvement of the well test design now including a flow-after-flow test in order to recognize
wellbore positions. The techniques are based on analytical solutions [e.g. the Ramey solution (Ramey 1962)] and have not gained much su
deteriorates rapidly with increasing temperatures although vendors are continually introducing new products that address high-temperature
bility along the wellbore also results in variation of the fluid influx along the completion and an uneven sweep of the reservoir. Annular flow
avities. Figure 1 shows the location of Bloque 15 Ecuador. Geologically the Oriente Basin of Ecuadorï¿½ is part of the upper Amazon Rive
trol: two position valves (open or close) multiple step valves and infinitely variable valves. The two position ICV is either fully open or fully
ends on the optimum implementation of well control. It is best applied in a suitable reservoir1 with an appropriate measurement and contro
typically production/injection allocation. Thompson et.al1 describes a method of incorporating the surface network and subsurface variable
to installation (e.g. Brekke and Lien 1994; Permadi et al. 1997). Active control is facilitated by the adjustable inflow control valves (ICVs) in
conditions for hydraulic fracture propagation were examined: ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i.ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ F
conditions for hydraulic fracture propagation were examined: ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ i.ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ F
disadvantageous and it is preferred to use parameters that are measurable experimentally. Recently Zitha [13] developed an alternative po
e foam flow in the porous media by using the stochastic population balance model and validate the analysis using experiments reported pre
oad-up: Static vs. Dynamic Stability. Liquid loading is a common production problem with depleted condensate gas reservoir. Liquid (conden
rough a liquid column). Several approaches have been suggested and tried to prevent or delay the loading process such as3 4: The insta
lances with the gravity force a liquid particle would â€œfloat (not move) in the gas stream. From this point onwards the well starts to liquid
eservoir curve) intersects the tubing performance curve (TPC) to the left of the minimum in the tubing curve. In practice the liquid drainage p
es the formula for critical velocity Equation 2 for critical flow rate.
developing a methodical approach to the selection and timing of interventions5. The tools proposed to date have been in the form of selectio
where the temperature is much reduced. Traditional methods allow for return of this condensed water to the bottom of the well thereby los
odel for plunger falling process. ï¿½Normally an average falling velocity of plunger is assumed; (3) No particular model on gas production a
ork. A new model is presented in this paper to study the acid distribution and evolution of skin during acidizing treatments in horizontal wells
r are: What is the productivity of a well drilled in this type of reservoir? What is the connectivity between wells drilled in this type of reserv
sed by perforations can result in major simplification in understanding how carbonate acidizing works in real wells. In a cased-hole comple
Î². It was drilled as a vertical well and completed with a standard completion including a 3.5-in. production tubing and a 7-in. packer. Well-0
duction gas rates started to decline from 18 MMSCF/D down to 7 MMSCF/D with gradual increase in water gas ratio up to 10 BBL/MMSCF
penetrations. However few breakthrough advances have been achieved relating to tunnel quality. The industry has relied solely on static un
bil Oil Corp. tested this technique in the Tulare formation D and E zone sands as a part of continuous-steam injection with vertical wells in th
ion is possible; however the success rate of sandstone acid stimulation is low. All perforation creates a low-permeability crushed zone in th
€™s representative conveniently stationed in an office along the corridor.ï¿½ All of these resources ultimately refer back to a common data
ceous and Jurassic reservoirs. The Cotton Valley reservoirs at Bethany consist of multiple tight gas sands mostly blanket in nature from ap
ceous and Jurassic reservoirs. The Cotton Valley reservoirs at Bethany consist of multiple tight gas sands mostly blanket in nature from ap
ld be dangerous and is not feasible from an operations standpoint. Also after the first run shot with a static underbalance the well will be at
dstone called Punta Rosada with permeabilities in excess of 75md and porosities in excess of 15% and bottom hole pressures in the vicinit
operties with interpretation methodology of the PTT. A variety of technologies such as slug test (Ramey et al. 1972) closed chamber test (
s due to pressure surges.
may require some alterations to an existing perforating system in order to meet a specific technical requirement. If the job is imminent with
14. The kinetics coefficient is determined by properties of rocks and fluids by shape of deposit and by thermodynamics conditions. Another
d of characteristics[21]. The same applies for quasi steady state production
ic fracture surface.ï¿½These deposits decrease the permeability of the zone and tend to increase the required injection pressure (for a fixe
ith lateral extensions around 650 m and 14 horizontal injector wells with lateral extensions ranging from 650 m to 800 m. Further analysis a
lternative methods for developing oil rims in complex conditions such as producing against a high-flowing tubing-head pressure. It was dec
ted from a single poor-quality core from the E11-SC1 well. A dedicated Shallow Clastics appraisal/early-producer well (E11-SC2) had been
m prior to installation of the TLP.1 The objective of the pre-completion and DST operations which included frac-packing a 378 ft interval wa
washout and frac packing should be evaluated for deep wells. Both hydraulic and metal-to-metal friction should be modeled in advance wit
cs appraisal/ early-producer well (E11-SC2) had been drilled with a deviated wellbore through the H1/H2 targets and a completion design c
ctive shales that are incompatible with water based fluids. The experiences from the analogue fields in the basin clearly demonstrate the rea
avel to deposit in the annulus between screen and openhole to prevent sand from flowing into the wellbore. However when there exist com
y open hole packers and swellable elastomer technologies are being pursued to achieve segmentation without cemented liners and perfora
oss of sand control from screen erosion.ï¿½ Consequently most of the operators have accepted gravel packing as the sand control means5
ctive shales that are incompatible with water based fluids. The experiences from the analogue fields in the basin clearly demonstrate the rea
mical solution to prevent the problem related to the exposed shales.

el7 and drag reducing additives that can be used in the carrier fluid either throughout the treatment or during the Beta Wave.8
te very strong currents and these make equipment loading and offloading to and from the rig very tide dependant. The environmental con
s contain reactive shale streaks they require synthetic/oil-based drilling fluids (S/OB). Considering that a large majority of the openhole gr
drilling in the base case of 25 wells (14 production wells and 11 water injection wells). Production from the Rosa site is scheduled to begin
s. More work is required to understand the reasons for delayed sanding in gas wells. Introduction The X-1 well in the subject field Trinida
rt running to TD hole stability and plugging potential along a well path crossing significant intrareservoir shale packages. For Open Hole G
t has failed. With this identification capability (especially in sub-sea applications) eliminating unneeded diagnostic work that can be costly a
nch equivalent diameter. To date there have been several failures in the field with similar characteristics where biocide tracer confirmed the
minates the need for screen to prevent sand failure. In addition it can be done rigless. The technique consists of the following key steps: O
minates the need for screen to prevent sand failure. In addition it can be done rigless. The technique consists of the following key steps: O
y. Lower completion installed in 7 liner. Production of the lower interval until it waters out then isolation and opening of the next shallower
e of sand production determines the erosion rate of the surface facilities components the sizing of separator vessels and sparging devices
ssive salt ridges. The Upper Oligocene corresponds to the deposition of turbidites along NE-SW channelized systems within this NW-SE ba
solution of dissolved gas. The pressure drawdown in highly viscous oils induces the desaturation of the fluid thus generation of "foamy oils
and severity of the sand production linking the problem to the occurrence of thin beds and proposed new completion solutions to address
g specific uncertainties and by employing pragmatic models that do not rely on over-complicated measurements and analyses. Introduction
g specific uncertainties and by employing pragmatic models that do not rely on over-complicated measurements and analyses. Introduction
mical loss. A geomechanics and sanding study was initiated in the year 2004 to investigate sanding mechanism and to provide the continge
mical loss. A geomechanics and sanding study was initiated in the year 2004 to investigate sanding mechanism and to provide the continge
essure).ï¿½ This single-case-solution scenario which is not coupled with fluid flow does not provide options to make objective assessmen
essure).ï¿½ This single-case-solution scenario which is not coupled with fluid flow does not provide options to make objective assessmen
e in sand-control completions operations must be tailored to mitigate generation and transport of fines that can cause plugging of the grav
e in sand-control completions operations must be tailored to mitigate generation and transport of fines that can cause plugging of the grav
voll et al. 1997a; Tronvoll et al. 1997b; Charlez 1997). Some others base their sanding model solely on a cavity's mechanical stability (Anthe
voll et al. 1997a; Tronvoll et al. 1997b; Charlez 1997). Some others base their sanding model solely on a cavity's mechanical stability (Anthe
efficient of active earth pressure and qualitative stress information relating to the in-situ stress regime. The properties of drilling fluid-shale i
ates costly intervention and can also compromise safety systems. Scaling in gas and gas-condensate fields is mainly induced by the reduc
wellbore caused by drilling production and acidizing operations is quantified in terms of mechanical skin factor. The fluid flow in the near-w
work we present a new skin-factor model developed for a cased perforated horizontal well. From our observations the 2D plane flow skin
penetration; however acid placement did not significantly improve (Yeager and Shuchart 1997). Crosslinked acids were introduced in the m
stantly developing. Although relatively new with the Permian Basin timeline completions in the Strawn formation in Terrell County have end
the initial etching pattern.ï¿½ The success of the acid fracturing process depends highly on the resulting fracture conductivity which is very
stantly developing. Although relatively new with the Permian Basin timeline completions in the Strawn formation in Terrell County have end
is followed to place the acid across the entire interval. Staging of the treatment is used to force acid across the entire interval treating the d
ypically the fractures that take the majority of mud losses during drilling and are consequently the most damaged. Previous stimulation treat
and breaks the fluid down to the original linear gel with dissociated polymer chains. However because of the nature of the long polymer cha
coelastic diverting acid systems would provide diversion during the stimulating of limestone reservoirs. Based on this it was decided to ap
coelastic diverting acid systems would provide diversion during the stimulating of limestone reservoirs. Based on this it was decided to ap
d by sustained production. Typical wormhole structures can range from face dissolution to highly branched ramified wormholes at low- an
s.5 Accordingly the need to have a proper tubing pickling procedure with proper pickling acid fluid had been repeatedly emphasized. Rece
respectively to avoid precipitation of calcium acetate and calcium formate 5 (2) Organic acids have a low dissociation constant. They norma
e; j) pH (for aqueous fluids where applicable); k) All other aspects of the fluid preparation which are known to affect the outcome of measur
regions not adequately acidized.ï¿½ Therefore one of the most important factors affecting the success or failure of a matrix acid treatmen
cantly depleted with reservoir pressure Pres as low as 12 bar. Conventional stimulation techniques including matrix acidizing using hydro
on 16 high flow rates 17 18 non-Darcy effects 19 fluid composition16 20 and rock type5 20 21 have been investigated. Several strategies h
se patterns are categorized as face dissolution wormholing and uniform dissolution patterns depending on their shape and speed of propag
an 2 horizontal wells that require stimulation per campaign.
remely good diagnosis of the position of the water zone and a considerable amount of mechanical intervention to isolate it. Failure to achiev
ave the technological advances in stimulation fluids and proppants. This paper will focus on the common attributes shared by known succes
a dipole sonic imaging tool to have a better estimation of critical rock mechanics properties like Youngâ€™s Modulus Poissonâ€™s Ratio a
horizons are composed of terrigenous rocks the host rocks being porous. Open porosity in the host rocks accounts for 14â€“19% and pe
such as interfacial tension (Henderson et al. 2000) high flow rates (Kumar et al. 2006; Kumar 2006; Ayyalasomayajula et al. 2003; Ban
er Burgan formation during the workover. Thus an engineering solution of stimulating oil bearing intervals but avoiding suspected water brea
½ï¿½Production problems with their associated increased well and surface facility costs from corrosion scale formation sand management
demonstrated in Figure 2.
ure draw down and condensate blockage is smaller for a horizontal well compared to that of a vertical well. They accounted for the coupling
uction is planned are tested (Figure 1). Intervals between reservoirs not planned for production are not tested. Since the majority of cemen
uction is planned are tested (Figure 1). Intervals between reservoirs not planned for production are not tested. Since the majority of cemen
D sometimes up to 400mD. The sandstone mineralogy can vary from relatively clean to quite carbonated as the carbonate content can ofte
rd especially for the HCl-carbonate reactions. The acid dissociates into hydrogen and its conjugate base ions. The hydrogen ions attack the
ance in wells. Post FPJP production data can be matched back to modeled expected results to verify the model. FPJP design considers thr
ems and the External Supplied Energy Systems. 1.) The Reservoir Supplied Energy Systems include methods such as: ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½
ure. Nominal pressures are required but very high flowrate are necessary for the working of the system. As such only Centrifugal Compress
s the drawdown to a particular zone and minimises the chance of flow conduit blockage by deposition of produced sand. The increased dra
Flamingo Formations forms a minor part of the pay zone along the margins of the field. One distinct feature is a common gas-water-contac
ers of contrasting properties separated by shales so long as they are within the same geologic unit. Therefore our incentive was to learn h
0o phased 4-1/2-in guns and a packer. The guns were run with weighted spacers and swivels to orient the guns to perforate on the high an
eservoirs consist of coastal-deltaic sediments and crevasse splay sandstones. JS11 reservoir is represented all over the entire area by thin
ons use special casing valves that isolate individual layers one at a time without any interventions. The TAP valves are near full bore and d
e potential to dramatically enhance the economics of projects. Horizontal wells are placed in the reservoirs precisely to maximize hydrocarb
s that less basic ion CO2- 3 is released into solution leaving the solution more acidic; therefore more soluble calcium phosphonate solid p
r moving liquids upward in the well.ï¿½ï¿½ These are the criteria for moving the liquid film along the wall of the conduit upward as well as t
r moving liquids upward in the well.ï¿½ï¿½ These are the criteria for moving the liquid film along the wall of the conduit upward as well as t
nonuniformity and heterogeneity we expect a reservoir optimization scheme to prescribe qi (t) for each well i given all of the reservoir info
2000). Short-term production optimization can be performed with simulation models for wellbore flow and near-wellbore reservoir response.
f three flowâ€™s regions on gas condensate reservoirs which appears sequentially or simultaneously along production time depending o
he path of least resistance to create localized problems that can disable the well or at least precipitate a costly intervention.ï¿½Conseque
2; Magherini et al. 2003). The lack of reporting of reservoir-performance analysis using numerical modeling in such applications illustrates t
uction platform was installed and three development wells were drilled and completed with a jack-up cantilever drilling rig. Initial production
ately represents the data. Finally we conclude that SA is the only viable and appropriate unbiased time-to-event methodology for evaluatin
t HEC polymer concentrations. Because polymers have been used in different underbalanced foam drilling operations this model will be us
ately 350 psi greater than that for a cased and perforated completion. A slotted-liner could maintain stability by limiting plastic deformation o
ells in the full field model (FFM) to all grid cells above and below the estimated fracture length improved the prediction compared to previou
ells in the full field model (FFM) to all grid cells above and below the estimated fracture length improved the prediction compared to previou
anically isolated from the rest during both stimulation and production (Andersen et al. 1988; Owens et al. 1992). The work string is used for
wells reflect these higher oil saturations in the Middle Member and also the sometimes presence of intense natural fracturing in the adjacent
onditions where fracture vertical extension barriers are weak or non-existent and the underlying zone is water saturated. In addition the fibe
on production rate.12-16 Implemented sand control techniques are such as standalone wire wrapped screen in-situ sand consolidation with
eous in three dimensions further complicates the analysis.
f height-containment mechanisms can now be studied with fewer approximations for hydraulic fracturing conditions. The study of the layere
he last two decades in hydraulic fracturing applications to improve well productivity.1 The initial VES applications were with the gravel-pack
use of untreated recycled waters in high rate low permeability shale reservoirs (Arthur et al. 2009). Water volumes for a typical slickwater
r charts present the dimensionless productivity index of Hydraulically Fractured Wells (HFWs) at Pseudo-Steady State (PSS) as a function
range from 3-7 million psi.
ince then this technique has become the preferred option to stimulate unconsolidated sandstones with low reservoir pressures. Currently
e pay zone adjusted frac fluid systems and pump schedules. These purposely -created barriers are placed prior to the main fracturing trea
ne and the surrounding layers. In this case a large fracturing treatment of a vertical well would not be an acceptable option because the fra
echnologies available in the market today. An innovative technique used for stimulating these horizontal wells was introduced. It combines
ost convenient area to start up fracturing. The design volume was fit to limit the vertical growth of fracture without growing down into possib
ced oil has a low GOR hence there is no gas injection for pressure maintenance however the produced gas in used for lifting the oil throug
eloped correlations that enable the engineer to use Fcd to predict the benefits of the fracture stimulation yielding a method that balances fr
ential opening of a single productive layer and isolating it from previously opened intervals requires a significant number of downhole oper
can be by order of magnitude less than the in-situ value. This fact can be explained by the effect of microcracking and inelasticity near the
fluid volume flowing into the core was measured as a function of time and the total fluid loss coefficient vs. permeabilities was plotted in F
s which may owe their origin to either hearsay or experience and that were generally followed by the operators were (a) to fracture-stimulate
TCV (East Texas Cotton Valley) and in other formations in North America and throughout the world. However it has been a controversial in
listed in Table 1.
rom the reservoir into the fracture as opposed to considering only flow along the fracture length.
he majority of the rock types found in the Cotton Valley sand interval.ï¿½ Calcite cementation quartz overgrowth and overburden pressure
model is built from sonic logs and/or vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data4. Commonly the velocity model is then adjusted to locate perfora
½ Therefore it is imperative that we understand how the proppant performs inside the fracture.ï¿½ Many in the industry mistakenly believe t
and the porosity is 13-16%. The average oil saturation is 50-60% with reservoir pressure at 248 bars. The AC-12 formation situated below
nd producing a well. A particularly popular use of radioactive tracers is for the determination of propped fracture height. Fracture height mea
estern Colorado. The Williams Fork is widely recognized as a classic Western Interior USA low permeability (â€œtight) gas sandstone (TGS
is paper we present a case study by use of microseismic imaging to determine the geometry of a hydraulic fracture. A two-stage fracture tr
rom that in immiscible fluids. The presence of a small parameter incorporating surface tension for immiscible fluids allows to determine theo
ngth width and conductivity as a function of reservoir parameters and fracture treatment in the context of Siberian oilfields.
with valves.ï¿½The cores are cut to shape and potted along the edges with a rubber sealant using a mold.ï¿½They are saturated under va
omical during the nineties. After 2000 the increase in water injection rate has restored the reservoir pressure and become one of the main f
et development as a result of sliding on the natural fracture after the hydraulic fracture crossed it. Some fracture design models include a c
about three kilometres below sea level. The hydrocarbon bearing formations were formed in the late Cretaceous early Paleocene about 6
ct becoming together with TEPR (50%) the Kharyaga PSA Investors. Objects 2 and 3 are Devonian and Permian complex carbonate rese
cture evaluation and re-design on-site. Lack of bottom hole pressure measurement makes it very difficult to estimate the complex fracture be
pwater wells using conventional gas lift. The reasons for using these variable valves are usually their higher pressure ratings their ability to
0o phased 4-1/2-in guns and a packer. The guns were run with weighted spacers and swivels to orient the guns to perforate on the high an
y oil-in-water (HO/W) emulsions as a novel sealant in the near wellbore region. The main objective is to eliminate the gas and water leakage
ere Î¼g is gas viscosity kg is the effective gas permeability ug is the gas volumetric flux Î² is a high-velocity coefficient and g is gas densit
ersect the productive zones.
Initial oil in place is estimated to be over 500 million barrels. The primary producing horizons are the Hemlock and Lower Tyonek (Starichko
er cycling. Conversely when produced water was injected into an unfractured cased and perforated well the perforations plugged up with t
ovides little if any benefit compared to vertical wells. Post production analysis on the deliverability of horizontal wells in reservoirs such as
ovides little if any benefit compared to vertical wells. Post production analysis on the deliverability of horizontal wells in reservoirs such as m
voir by the design of optimized filtercake this will prevent the reservoir damage due to mud invasion Easy removal of the filtercake by app
voir by the design of optimized filtercake this will prevent the reservoir damage due to mud invasion Easy removal of the filtercake by app
ajor producing fields on the North Slope of Alaska to understand which characteristics would aid or impair the application of horizontal open
the well would be producing from only half of the reservoir section if it were completed conventionally. Results of this work have provided e
ion of a well or a hydrocarbon production system free from hydrate risks several techniques can be applied. Mechanically the flow conduit
test in order to recognize the velocity effect over fluid flow. Briones et al. (1) demonstrated using BU tests that wells in this field are affecte
have not gained much success because of certain limitations associated with temperature acquisition data resolution and the techniques
address high-temperature issues. In low-temperature wells both electronic and optical systems have proven records of years of reliable ope
e reservoir. Annular flow is another challenge often encountered when horizontal wellbores are completed with Stand-Alone-Screens (SAS
of the upper Amazon River drainage system and covers an area of approximately 80 000 km2 which is very prolific on production of oil and
s either fully open or fully closed. The multiple step ICVs are constructed to various designs with typically 4 to >10 steps for the choke sett
e measurement and control system for the ICVs included as part of the wellâ€™s completion. In this paper we will examine the impact of tw
and subsurface variable choke model to allocate production to each choked section and perforation. Fyrozjaee et.al2 introduced their app
ow control valves (ICVs) installed in intelligent wells. The settings of these valves can be varied to optimize the inflow profile along the well in
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Fracture #1 extending through a flawless section of the block (tip mechanisms); and ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ii.
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Fracture #1 extending through a flawless section of the block (tip mechanisms); and ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ ii.
veloped an alternative population balance theory for foam motion in porous media. The principals of this model are as follows: Foam is a co
experiments reported previously by Nguyen et al. 13 14 and Zitha et al.15 We have used the IMPES method to solve the set of equations p
s reservoir. Liquid (condensate or water) accumulates in the wellbore could severely reduce production and eventually cause the well to die
ss such as3 4: The installation of siphon and velocity strings5 Injection of surfactants to create foams6 Well head compression7 Plun
ds the well starts to liquid load."

ctice the liquid drainage point may be to the left or to the right of the TPC minimum. The system stability is also governed by the pressure d
been in the form of selection matrices or decision trees and as such tend to focus on the selection of a deliquification option at a given poin
om of the well thereby losing all the valuable potential energy that has already been put into the water by gas-lifting it to those higher elevat
model on gas production and liquid accumulation is built for plunger lift to unload liquid from gas well; (4) Therefore the optimal design for p
atments in horizontal wells in carbonate reservoirs. The acid placement model couples models of wellbore flow including interface tracking
drilled in this type of reservoir? Answers of these questions allow us to evaluate reservoir recoverable reserves. Traditionally a full scale w
. In a cased-hole completion perforations provide the communication between the wellbore and the reservoir. They are the conduits for tre
and a 7-in. packer. Well-0 was perforated in static underbalanced conditions and tested at 334 standard cubic meters per day (Sm3/d). In M
atio up to 10 BBL/MMSCF. This phenomenon was also supported by adjacent well performance which was shut in due to high water produc
s relied solely on static underbalance which is now a well recognized technique for perforation cleanup. The appropriate level of static und
ion with vertical wells in the South Belridge field Kern County California. Shell introduced LEP completion design in a portion of the South
eability crushed zone in the formation around the perforating tunnel to impair the wellâ€™s productivity or injectivity. Perforating damage (s
r back to a common data source: API RP-19B Section I test data. The API Subcommittee on Perforating defined the test protocols describe
y blanket in nature from approximately 8 000 ft to 10 000 ft in depth. Porosity ranges from 6% to 15% and permeability from 0.01 md to 7.0+
y blanket in nature from approximately 8 000 ft to 10 000 ft in depth. Porosity ranges from 6% to 15% and permeability from 0.01 md to 7.0+
alance the well will be at balance conditions so any subsequent perforating runs will be made at balance and not benefit from an underbala
ole pressures in the vicinity of 4000psi. Description of Propellant-Assisted Perforating Propellant-assisted perforating techniques have been
72) closed chamber test (Alexander 1977) surge test (Simmons 1990) and perforation inflow test (Hawkes and Hategan 2004) have a s
If the job is imminent with little time for engineers to run another round of full qualification tests the engineers or project managers can deci
amics conditions. Another governing parameter is the formation damage coefficient reflecting permeability decrease due to salt precipitation
jection pressure (for a fixed injection rate).ï¿½Considerations must be given to the water quality (concentrations and characteristics of the
800 m. Further analysis added one producer and one injector into a new portion of the reservoir.
head pressure. It was decided to include these technologies in the completions. The first well EG-1A was a dual string producer gas lifted u
well (E11-SC2) had been drilled with a deviated wellbore through the H1 H2 targets. ï¿½A completion design that consisted of a cased-an
acking a 378 ft interval was to validate the sand control design and verify the production effectiveness prior to starting the TLP rig completio
e modeled in advance with one of the many available industry software packages. The Petronius program consists of wells with ever-challe
and a completion design consisting of a cased and perforated commingled completion inside 95/8-in. casing had been implemented. The sa
learly demonstrate the reactivity of the shales. The initial Open Hole Gravel Pack (OHGP) wells in an offset Angola deepwater block were
ver when there exist complicated formation problems such as poor filter-cake collapsed of shale narrow window between circulation pres
emented liners and perforation which is inherently time consuming expensive and perhaps sub optimum (Ritchie et al 2008). Until this mom
the sand control means5.

learly demonstrate the reactivity of the shales. The initial Open Hole Gravel Pack (OHGP) wells in an offset Angola deepwater block were
eta Wave.8
t. The environmental conditions also included an average temperature of 7.7 ï¿½C (46 ï¿½F) and wind speeds up to 70 knots with sustai
majority of the openhole gravel packing experience in the industry has been in water based drilling fluid environments new challenges eme
site is scheduled to begin during the 2nd quarter 2007. All reservoirs in this field are constituted of highly unconsolidated sands which requ
in the subject field Trinidad is a gas well cased and perforated through the S1U S1U and S2U sands. Wells in the subject field produce
ckages. For Open Hole Gravel Pack (OHGP) completions the length of the planned wells (up to 2500 m) would incur both technical and log
c work that can be costly and risky will allow an operator to quickly and efficiently identify the failure with high certainty and immediately proc
ocide tracer confirmed the direct communication between several producers and injectors. Water injection post wormhole-like failure is ver
e following key steps: Optimum perforation phasing and size Near-wellbore consolidation Tip screen out fracturing using proppant flowb
e following key steps: Optimum perforation phasing and size Near-wellbore consolidation Tip screen out fracturing using proppant flowb
ning of the next shallower interval. This basis of design was maintained throughout the period but the completion design was changed in d
sels and sparging devices the settling tendencies in horizontal flowlines as well as the disposal requirements. The operations in which sand
ems within this NW-SE basin between peripheral salt ridges.
generation of "foamy oils" which participate to sand destabilization and helps fluid and solid drive. Finally it appears that solids motion in
etion solutions to address the issue and optimize production in that part of the field. A Phase II of the study discussed here was initiated b
nd analyses. Introduction The giant Messla field is located in the southeast portion of Sirte Basin in Libya approximately 500 km southeas
nd analyses. Introduction The giant Messla field is located in the southeast portion of Sirte Basin in Libya approximately 500 km southeas
nd to provide the contingency plan to properly address the problem and maximize economic production. The study started with data acquis
nd to provide the contingency plan to properly address the problem and maximize economic production. The study started with data acquis
ake objective assessment of the risks at different stages in the wellâ€™s life and the most effective contingencies to mitigate such risks [se
ake objective assessment of the risks at different stages in the wellâ€™s life and the most effective contingencies to mitigate such risks [se
ause plugging of the gravel pack and lead to screen erosion whereas in natural completions the emphasis would be in preventing formatio
ause plugging of the gravel pack and lead to screen erosion whereas in natural completions the emphasis would be in preventing formatio
mechanical stability (Antheunis et al. 1976a).
mechanical stability (Antheunis et al. 1976a).
ties of drilling fluid-shale interactions were derived based on a database estabilished for a number of drilling fluids and shales encountered
ainly induced by the reductions in pressure and temperature inherent throughout the production system known as self-scaling. In particula
The fluid flow in the near-wellbore region is also influenced by well-completion type. Openhole completion yields a local flow pattern that is r
ns the 2D plane flow skin s 2D the wellbore blockage skin swb and the 3D convergence skin s 3D greatly depend on the magnitude o
s were introduced in the mid 70â€™s as was cited by Metcalf et al. (2000). These acids have much higher viscosity than regular acids or a
n Terrell County have endured just such an evolutionary process. Production from the Strawn Formation in Terrell County increased signifi
conductivity which is very difficult to predict because it inherently depends on a stochastic process and is affected by a wide range of param
n Terrell County have endured just such an evolutionary process. Production from the Strawn Formation in Terrell County increased signifi
ntire interval treating the damaged portion of the completion.ï¿½ The successful acid placement in matrix treatments of openhole horizonta
Previous stimulation treatments carried out in the Machar field have been designed to remove mud fluid and filter-cake damage from these
re of the long polymer chains potential damage of the formation may occur (Lynn and Nasr-El-Din 2001). Recently a new polymer-free se
this it was decided to apply this system in Tengiz field and analyze the results of the stimulation treatments to evaluate their effectivenes
this it was decided to apply this system in Tengiz field and analyze the results of the stimulation treatments to evaluate their effectivenes
fied wormholes at low- and high-injection rates respectively.[3-8] Besides not creating deeply penetrating wormholes both extreme cases
atedly emphasized. Recent marked effort in this regard included an analytical modeling of the tubing pickling process and its verification us
tion constant. They normally do not react to their full acid capacity because of the release of CO2 from carbonate dissolution (3) the degre
ct the outcome of measurement should be reported.
of a matrix acid treatment is the correct downhole placement of the acid for optimum zonal coverage.2ï¿½ Though over the years there hav
atrix acidizing using hydrochloric and mud acid systems and water based hydraulic propped fracturing treatments using polymers to viscosi
ated. Several strategies have been tried and tested for stimulating gas-condensate wells with limited success.22 Gas cycling23 24 allows th
hape and speed of propagation.ï¿½ By increasing the flow rate from a low to a high value the dissolution pattern changes from a face disso
solate it. Failure to achieve either of these criteria can lead to treatment misplacement and damage to the surrounding oil producing zones.
s shared by known successful restimulation candidates in the industry. An attempt will be made to highlight the attributes mentioned in this p
lus Poissonâ€™s Ratio and â€œin-situ stress. An additional benefit from such log is the stress profile which is one of the most important p
nts for 14â€“19% and permeability equals 15â€“60 mD. The oil-saturated thickness totals 7â€“11 m and the gas saturated thickness amo
mayajula et al. 2003; Bang et al. 2006; Nagarajan et al. 2004; Mott et al. 2000) non-Darcy effects (Kumar et al. 2006; Nagarajan et al. 2
ding suspected water breakthough intervals with the current completion in place is highly required."
ation sand management issues etc.; ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â€¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Environmental issues from the need to dispose o
accounted for the coupling and inertial effect by choosing a fine grid near the well bore and calculating the core specific constant that simula
nce the majority of cement squeeze decisions are based on the results of physical communication tests the value of continuing to run ceme
nce the majority of cement squeeze decisions are based on the results of physical communication tests the value of continuing to run ceme
arbonate content can often vary between 10 to 30%. Fig 2 gives an illustration of poro-perm data. The bottom hole temperature (BHT) enco
e hydrogen ions attack the carbonate to generate Ca2+ CO2 and H2O. Equation 1 shows acid dissolution of limestone."
FPJP design considers three phase flow through the pump and future phase changes expected.
uch as: ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â€¢ ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½Well Cycling On and Off (Timer/Stop clocking) ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â€
only Centrifugal Compressors suffice the purpose. Surface Venturi As shown in fig 2 it is a metallic structure of the geometry as shown. It h
d sand. The increased drawdown created by unloading the separate well zones sequentially leads to more effective formation cleaning. This
ommon gas-water-contact (GWC) interpreted across the field at 3109 mSS TVD (10 198 ft). Figure 3 presents a generalized stratigraphic co
ur incentive was to learn how one should approach the completion issue within a single geologic unit and in multiple geologic units. In this s
o perforate on the high and low sides of the casing. The upper completion string consisted of a production seal assembly (stung inside the p
ver the entire area by thin marine sands intercalated with shoreface top carbonate streaks. Most part of the field reserves (over 60%) is ass
s are near full bore and do not require incremental reductions of ID and thus allow normal cementing operations. The TAP valves also have
ly to maximize hydrocarbon (oil and gas) production. They provide added wellbore exposure to the reservoirs in geometries that allows ope
lcium phosphonate solid phases form. The inhibitor return concentration can be altered by changing the inhibitor concentration in the pill. T
nduit upward as well as the criteria for suspending and transporting entrained liquid droplets in the flow stream upward.ï¿½ It has been ob
nduit upward as well as the criteria for suspending and transporting entrained liquid droplets in the flow stream upward.ï¿½ It has been ob
en all of the reservoir information estimated until that point. The smart completion may then be programmed to follow this qi (t) as closely as
llbore reservoir response. The objective is to maximize production at a specific moment in time which leads to the use of optimization techn
duction time depending of pressure profile.ï¿½When the flow pressure is higher than dew pressure only exists gas flow.ï¿½This region ex
tervention.ï¿½Consequences can be serious and include limited horizontal length and significantly shorter productive well life both of whi
h applications illustrates the need for understanding of reservoir behavior while selecting a DESP system. This paper will explore the poten
ling rig. Initial production commenced on March 12 2006 following pipeline hook-up and commissioning. The Cannonball field was brought
methodology for evaluating ESP system performance. The analytical process we propose represents the given data parsimoniously and p
ons this model will be useful for both aqueous-based and polymer-thickened foam drilling design and operations. The main objectives of t
miting plastic deformation of the rock. Horizontal wells could initially be completed using a slotted liner which would allow pre-packed screen
ction compared to previous PI or skin adjustment techniques. Using this methodology the number of potential fracture stimulation candidate
ction compared to previous PI or skin adjustment techniques. Using this methodology the number of potential fracture stimulation candidate
The work string is used for perforating stimulating and isolating the individual zones (Damgaard et al. 1992).ï¿½ The annulus between the
fracturing in the adjacent brittle upper shale.

rated. In addition the fibers allow for better proppant distribution throughout the hydraulic fracture. The better final proppant distribution is a
tu sand consolidation with chemicals conventional gravel pack for cased hole and openhole and Frac-Packing. The optimization of these c
s. The study of the layered modulus effect has been investigated using a finite element method that can rigorously account for different mo
were with the gravel-pack completions in the mid 1980s in the Gulf of Mexico.2 Surfactant-gelled fluid was used to replace the polymer-base
es for a typical slickwater hydraulic fracture treatment can average 715 m3 (6 000 bbl) per stage with 6 to 10 stages per horizontal well. Lar
State (PSS) as a function of dimensionless propped number and fracture conductivity. In these graphs it is clearly shown that for each prop
voir pressures. Currently 40% of stimulations performed in unconsolidated sandstones for Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) in West V
o the main fracturing treatment by pumping a mixture of specialty particles. The method is not unique to Western Siberian conditions and m
le option because the fracture would grow in height as well as length.
s introduced. It combines mechanical and chemical diversion using selective openhole completion along with the VES diverting acid techno
growing down into possibly water bearing levels.
sed for lifting the oil through gas lift systems. The application of Electrical Submersible Pumps for artificial lift is growing in these fields as th
a method that balances fracture half-length with fracture conductivity for stimulation design. Fig. 1 illustrates Prats' correlation (where kp is
number of downhole operations. These operations are typically conducted by multiple interventions using slickline wireline or coiled tubin
g and inelasticity near the fracture tip.1 2 Some attempts have been made to develop the model of hydraulic fracture propagation in elastop
eabilities was plotted in Figure 3.ï¿½Also shown in Figure 3 is the typical trend for total fluid loss coefficient of crosslinked polymer fluids.ï¿
re (a) to fracture-stimulate the wells only when they fall below economic limit and (b) when fracturing avoid usage of water-based fluids sinc
has been a controversial interest with some operators ferociously defending the idea and others equally adamant that it does not cannot a
and overburden pressure have greatly reduced the permeability and porosity of the sand layers.ï¿½ Sand porosities range from 2% to 12%
adjusted to locate perforation shots to their assumedly correct positions4. The velocity model adjustment can be done in a number of ways
dustry mistakenly believe that they do know how the proppant performs downhole leading them to quote reference conductivities and/or cru
2 formation situated below the AC-11 is characterized by complex and aerial heterogeneous structure of several sandstone bodies which c
eight. Fracture height measurement through the use of radioactive tracers and subsequent logging runs allow engineers to assessï¿½: Po
ight) gas sandstone (TGS) play and is being actively developed by a host of major and independent companies. Chevron amassed approx
re. A two-stage fracture treatment was monitored where a sandstone formation had been stacked vertically by a regional tectonic thrust fau
s allows to determine theoretically the characteristic shape and width of viscous fingers[7 8] while in miscible fluids theoretical analysis allo
oilfields.
ey are saturated under vacuum with 2% KCl prior to use.ï¿½The cell construction begins with placement of the lower core which includes
become one of the main factors to restart the hydraulic fracturing operations.
esign models include a calculation for the additional pressure needed to open and force fluid through a fracture branch that is not aligned p
early Paleocene about 60 to 70 million years ago. The formations were formed in a shallow to open marine depositional environment.
n complex carbonate reservoir accumulations occasionally fractured and/or karstified which contain paraffinic oil with H2S. Background A
ion option at a given point in the wellâ€™s depletion. They are very useful in illustrating the wide range of practical considerations such as
g it to those higher elevations.
e the optimal design for plunger lift in gas well is not reliable. This study describes a generalized dynamic model for the plunger lift in gas w
cluding interface tracking a wormhole model to predict the effect of the acid injection on local injectivity a skin evolution model that combin
Traditionally a full scale well test and an interference test are conducted to determine well productivity and well-to-well connectivity respect
ey are the conduits for treatment fluid injection and reservoir fluid production.ï¿½ For natural completions the perforating job is designed w
ers per day (Sm3/d). In May 2003 the operator started the drilling phase of Well-1 located 800 m west from Well-0. The original objective
due to high water production. Nitrogen lift operation was performed on adjacent wells but failed to sustain the production. Despite the decl
opriate level of static underbalance has been extensively researched1 2 3; however more recent investigations4 5 have presented relevan
n in a portion of the South Belridge field in September 1982 [5]. By Dec. 1984 the LEP technique was used in approximately 400 vertical st
ty. Perforating damage (skin effect) can be minimized by producing perforating tunnels free of crushed sand particles and other perforating
the test protocols described in API RP-19B1 to serve a range of purposes.ï¿½ The Section I test which involves firing a full gun section into
bility from 0.01 md to 7.0+ md. Water saturation can vary from 20% to 50%. Hydrocarbons are gas-condensate in depletion with partial wate
bility from 0.01 md to 7.0+ md. Water saturation can vary from 20% to 50%. Hydrocarbons are gas-condensate in depletion with partial wate
benefit from an underbalance surge for clean-up. The well log data was evaluated to determine optimal perforating intervals and the applic
ing techniques have been in use for many years as a method to stimulate completions. Results have been somewhat mixed due to a lack o
Hategan 2004) have a similar or the same pressure transient as that of the UBP we discuss in this paper. All these tests essentially share
roject managers can decide whether the gun will survive (be retrievable) by using the modeling tool instead of merely relying on their expe
se due to salt precipitation15. The formation damage coefficient also depends on rock and fluid properties. Like permeability or capillary pre
and characteristics of the damage-causing contaminants) and its relationship to formation damage. Concept 3 Another significant charac
string producer gas lifted using gas from reservoir BP1. A single trip balanced perforation of three zones followed by a stacked propped-fra
at consisted of a cased-andâ€“perforated commingled completion inside 9-5/8-in. casing had been implemented. The sand-face completion
ting the TLP rig completion program. The lessons learned proved invaluable in planning the subsequent completion program. The goal of t
ts of wells with ever-challenging directional profiles that provided opportunities for continuous learning using pre- and post-well torque drag
been implemented. The sandface-completion design consisted of a large-OD expandable sand screen with a 150-ï¿½-weave opening acros
a deepwater block were drilled with oil based mud and the hole was displaced to brine prior to running screens1. Significant problems were
w between circulation pressure and formation fracturing pressure the conventional high-rate gravel packing method may face challenge for
et al 2008). Until this moment 9 wells were gravel packed and completed successfully using external casing packers plus diverter valves. O
a deepwater block were drilled with oil based mud and the hole was displaced to brine prior to running screens1. Significant problems were
up to 70 knots with sustained winds above 40 knots more than 35% of the time. A high-performance jack-up drilling unit suitable for operat
nts new challenges emerged for gravel packing wells drilled with oil-based fluids.[2] A significant level of progress has been made in rece
olidated sands which require the wells to be completed with sand-control techniques. The wells have high productivity up to 30 000 Barrels
he subject field produce mostly from S1 S2 and one other adjacent sand. The sands are weak in general: some wells in the field have sa
cur both technical and logistical/cost challenges in addition to the risks associated with running screens.
inty and immediately proceed with remedial operations.

ormhole-like failure is very inefficient as the water passes through to producer via the wormhole channel and doesnâ€™t sweep any oil. Re
ring using proppant flowback control such as resin-coated proppants and fibers. Fines stabilization
ring using proppant flowback control such as resin-coated proppants and fibers. Fines stabilization
n design was changed in detail to cope with greater than expected problems with shale reactivity and formation damage. Aspects of the exp
e operations in which sand management has been adopted have taken a pragmatic view to learn and optimise the facilities design based on
pears that solids motion in the near wellbore region eliminates fines trapping or asphaltene deposition. Asphaltenes precipitate with pressu
ssed here was initiated by Schlumberger in October 2005 to address a further 25 wells located in three areas (GC1 GC2 and GC3) that we
ximately 500 km southeast from Benghazi (see Figure 1). The field operated by AGOCO has been producing for over 30 years and since
ximately 500 km southeast from Benghazi (see Figure 1). The field operated by AGOCO has been producing for over 30 years and since
Gas cycling23 24 allows the pressure to be maintained above the dew point but may not be economical especially late in the life of the rese
changes from a face dissolution to a wormhole and then to a uniform dissolution pattern.ï¿½ In the wormholing regime a maximum permea
nding oil producing zones. Although the problem and the treatment described above are relatively simple the preferred option would still be
ributes mentioned in this paper through some well-known case histories. Based on the existing knowledge base on the restimulation identifi
ne of the most important parameters to estimate fracture height growth. Additionally since the four Frontiers members were clearly identifie
s saturated thickness amounts to 19 m. The oil saturation factor totals 0.51â€“0.67 while the gas saturation amounts to 0.44â€“0.64. The in
2006; Nagarajan et al. 2004) fluid composition (Mott et al. 2000) and rock (Mott et al. 2000) have been investigated.
om the need to dispose of unnecessarily large produced water volumes; ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½â€¢ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Reduced well
ecific constant that simulator needs for expressing these two effects from well test data. Davis[5] compared the performance of a conventio
of continuing to run cement bond logs was questioned. Conversely applying the policy of communication tests was costly and time consum
of continuing to run cement bond logs was questioned. Conversely applying the policy of communication tests was costly and time consum

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SPE Papers Well Deliverability

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Nov-09

Total No Papers Reservoir Engineering Related

Total number of papers published post 2005 10,000

35% of papers published categorised

CHEVRON SPE 128337 Well Deliverability Artificial Lift

CHEVRON SPE 89753 Well Deliverability Completion Optimisation

CHEVRON SPE 100834 Well Deliverability Complex Wells

CHEVRON SPE 101987 Well Deliverability Formation Damage/High Velocity Flow

CHEVRON SPE 112531 Well Deliverability Fracture Design

CHEVRON SPE 101821 Well Deliverability Fracture Design

CHEVRON SPE 101019 Well Deliverability Fracture Design

CHEVRON SPE 102326 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnostics

CHEVRON SPE 108142 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnostics

CHEVRON SPE 102990 Well Deliverability Fracture Diagnostics

CHEVRON SPE 102773 Well Deliverability High Velocity Coefficient

CHEVRON SPE 84399 Well Deliverability Inflow Performance

Imperial College SPE 95843 Well Deliverability Intelligent WAG Injector

CHEVRON SPE 103308 Well Deliverability Intelligent Well

CHEVRON IPTC 11332 Well Deliverability Liquid Loading

CHEVRON SPE 103266 Well Deliverability Liquid Loading

CHEVRON SPE 116764 Well Deliverability Liquid Loading

CHEVRON SPE 109588 Well DeliverabilityModelling - Coupled Reservoir/Geomechanical

CHEVRON SPE 108088 Well Deliverability Perforation Methods

CHEVRON SPE 128334 Well Deliverability Perforation Methods

CHEVRON SPE 110395 Well deliverability Sand Control

CHEVRON SPE 106707 Well Deliverability Sand Control

CHEVRON SPE 112084 Well Deliverability Sand Control

CHEVRON SPE 107440 Well Deliverability Sand Control

CHEVRON SPE 103821 Well Deliverability Sand Control

Imperial College SPE 89895 Well Deliverability Sand production

Imperial College SPE 90273 Well Deliverability Sand Production

CHEVRON SPE 86504 Well Deliverability Stimulation

CHEVRON SPE 98221 Well Deliverability Stimulation

CHEVRON SPE 122630 Well Deliverability Stimulation

CHEVRON SPE 111431 Well Deliverability Stimulation

CHEVRON SPE 98375 Well Deliverability Water Blocking

Clean-up Gas Condensate

Water Injector Fracturing

Two Phase Flow

Exploring Reservoir Engineering Aspects of Completion in Gas/Condensate Reservoirs: West

Weighted Frac Fluids for Lower-Surface Treating Pressures

Water Control and Fracturing: A Reality

New Results Improve Fracture Cleanup Characterization and Damage Mitigation

The Resiliency ofï¿½Frac-Packed Subsea Injection Wells

Effect of Wettability on High-Velocity Coefficient in Two-Phase Gas/Liquid Flow

Maximizing Production Capacity Using Intelligent-Well Systems in a Deepwater, West-Africa Field

Screenless Completions as a Viable Through-Tubing Sand Control Completion

Evaluation of Sand-Control Completions in the Duri Steamflood, Sumatra, Indonesia

Diversion and Cleanup Studies of Viscoelastic Surfactant-Based Self-Diverting Acid

A New Efficiency Criterion for Acid Fracturing in Carbonate Reservoirs

B. Khoshnevis, R. Rastegar Moghadam, SPE, and I. Ershaghi, SPE, U. of

Conveyed Workover Operation

of calculating the value that can be OnePetro

der of 10 md or less). The current practice centers mainly on hydraulicOnePetro

elded 1540 BOPD.

ion isolates each layer during treatment.

ignificant cost reduction.

and completed in Lance formation.

letion practices and production methodology and stimulation objectives.

d by the fluid to the wellbore.

ost of handling produced sand.

or layers A B C and D in ascending order Fig. 2.

s assembly ran on 3-1/2" EUE x 4-1/2" VAM tubing."