10/24/2020

Step 2&3 – Define Problem;

LEARNING ACTIVITY UHS 2021
LECTURE 3:
CAUSE AND EFFECT CHANGE ANALYSIS (IDENTIFY THE
ROOT OF THE PROBLEM)
& FUCTION ANALYSIS (TRIZ TOOL 1)
by
Rohana Binti Hamzah (PhD)
Centre Modern Languages and Human Sciences
rohanahamzah@ump.edu.my
Identify the causes
1 Define Problem
2 Current Situation
3 Identify Causes
4 Develop Solutions
5 Implement Solutions
6 Standardize Solutions
7 Next Steps
Purpose
• Identify the problem and the importance
of working on it
• Clarify the problem areas as
the situation exists today (5WH)
• Identify and verify the root causes of
the problem
Output
• Create a problem description

Root cause analysis? STEPS

STEPS PROCESS
1 Agree on the problem and write in the effect box
2 Brainstorm about the causes
3 Keep asking “Why” and “why else” for each cause
until a potential root cause has been identified
4 Eliminate the unlikely causes

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5 why analysis template

Problem
/Defect
EFFECT BOX
Lets practice
Situation system WHAT? HOW?
WHY?
HIGH LEVEL CAUSE

1st why ? WHERE? Problem - cats entering house

area, stealing foods, and leave
2nd why ? feces in front of the house area
during day and night.
3rd why? NEXT LEVEL CAUSE
Picture or video
WHEN?
4th why?
The root cause
should be 5th why?
identified
Corrective Action

Cause & Effect Chain Analysis To Identify Cause & Effect Chain Analysis To Identify
the Root Cause of the problem the Root Cause of the problem
Corrective Corrective
CAUSE CAUSE Why? Action Action
Why? Why?
Design Issue Why?
Space between Design Issue
Food the gate Space between
To design a Food the gate To design a
How? Why? barrier is big
Mechanical system to Why? barrier
issue make the space Mechanical
EFFECT EFFECT issue
Gate Gate open between the
gate barrier Gate Gate open
Cat entering the smaller and
front area of Others? Cat enter the
Owner of the functioning to front area of Others?
the house cat not Gate close Owner of the
stop the cat the house cat not Gate close
responsible
entering the responsible
front area of
Others? = tested this possibility, not a cause the house
Others? = tested this possibility, not a cause

• Continue until the “why” cannot be answered. You will reach the cause that is a
fundamental law of physics or chemistry, or technology limit • Continue until the “why” cannot be answered. You will reach the cause that
• The end of the chain is a potential actual root cause is a fundamental law of physics or chemistry, or technology limit
• Finally suggest the corrective action • The end of the chain is a potential actual root cause

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EXCERCISE

WHAT/WHO: heavy rain

Difficult to insert or remove HOW: being trapped in side her
hanger into or out of the cloths car

WHY: will get wet if tried to get

out of her car
WHERE: car park at shopping
area
WHEN: rainy day

Heavy rain has caused a woman

being trapped in side her car
because she will get wet if try to
step out of her car in front of
shopping area during a rainy day

Cause & Effect Chain Analysis To Identify

the Root Cause of the problem
Why? Why? Why? Corrective
action
How? System umbrella Too big
To design a
BASED ON PROBLEM THAT YOU HAVE
A lady being
Car door
locked
Difficult to
open from
Not flexible
flexible
cover IDENTIFIED; IDENTIFY THE ROOT
trapped in her functioning
inside the
car at car park
in front of shops car
from inside
to outside a
CAUSE OF THE PROBLEM
during a heavy car and
raining day Situation Heavy rain Difficult to get when walk
out of the car to the shop
Cover
and walk to during a
accident shop without hit issue
heavy
by rain drop raining day
= tested this possibility, not a cause
• Continue until the “why” cannot be answered. You will reach the cause that is a
fundamental law of physics or chemistry, or technology limit
• The end of the chain is a potential actual root cause

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For updated version, please click on

http://ocw.ump.edu.my Step 4 – Develop Solution
Purpose
• Identify the problem and the importance of
working on it
1 Define Problem • Clarify the problem areas as
the situation exists today (5WH)
• Identify and verify the root causes of the
FUNCTION ANALYSIS FOR THE PRODUCT 2 Current Situation
problem
Output
INNOVATION 3 Identify Causes • Create a problem description

1. Function analysis
4 Develop Solutions Output:
by Purpose of innovation

Rohana Binti Hamzah (PhD) 5 Implement Solutions

Centre Modern Languages and Human Sciences
anita@ump.edu.my 6 Standardize Solutions

7 Next Steps

FUNCTION ANALYSIS
FUNCTIONALITY
Function
Subject Action -verb Object
Reason For
Engineering Hit
Buying A Product
Systems (Carrier Pull Person
of the function) Hold Nail
Solution Change; Remove Food
Functions Stay Inform
Stop
Transports
Seals
Separate
Reduce

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Exercise: What is the main useful function of the

What is the Main Useful Function?
table?

When analyzing an Engineering System, firstly, define or decide what the system is
Table holds Bottle
designed to do, or to achieve. Understand its main useful function
What is the purpose of the chair?

Holds Person

What is the purpose of the car?

Transports Driver

Exercise: What is the main useful function of the bottle? Exercise: What is the main useful function of the cap?

Bottle holds Liquid Cap stops Liquid

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Exercise: What is the main useful function of the book?

Function Analysis Activity

???
Book ???

informs
Book Person

Cause & Effect Chain Analysis To Identify

Function Analysis: Tooth Brush Function the Root Cause of the problem
Why? Why? Why? Corrective
action
System umbrella Too big
How?
To design a
Difficult to flexible
Car door cover
A lady being
locked open from
trapped in her Not flexible functioning
inside the
car at car park from inside
in front of shops car to outside a
during a heavy car and
raining day Situation Heavy rain Difficult to get when walk
out of the car
• Clean teeth • Remove plaque and walk to
Cover to the shop
accident issue during a
• Brighten teeth • Remove food shop without hit heavy
by rain drop
• Keep teeth clean = tested this possibility, not a cause
raining day

• Prevent cavities • Continue until the “why” cannot be answered. You will reach the cause that is a
• Make teeth healthy fundamental law of physics or chemistry, or technology limit
• The end of the chain is a potential actual root cause

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FUNCTION ANALYSIS PROBLEM SOLVING STEPS

FUNCTION STEP 1 : Function Analysis

SUBJECT ACTION-VERB OBJECT
To design a
SUBJECT FUNCTION OBJECT
flexible raining
cover FLEXIBLE RAIN
functioning
from inside to HEAVY COVER TO STEP
outside a car
STOP HEAVY RAIN
RAIN OUT OF A CAR
and when walk
to the shop TO SHOP AREA

WRITE THE PURPOSE OF INNOVATION

AFTER FUNCTION ANALYSIS
TASK 2
Heavy rain has caused a woman
being trapped in side her car
because she will get wet if try to
step out of her car in front of
shopping area during a rainy day BASED ON PROBLEM THAT YOU HAVE IDENTIFIED;
i. DEVELOP CAUSE AND EFFECT CHAIN ANALYSIS

ii. DO FUCTION ANALYSIS OF THE SYSTEM

PURPOSE OF INNOVATION: iii. WRITE THE PURPOSE OF INNOVATOIN

TO DESIGN A FLEXIBLE COVER TO

STOP THE HEAVY RAIN FROM
WETTING THE LADY TO GET OUT
OF HER CAR FROM PARKING LOT
TO SHOPS AREA. LOOKING FOR
ORIGINAL IDEA?
LET’S OBSERVE
THE NATURE

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THANK YOU