9.

These disorders are caused by any

Module 6:
1. Cardiovascular disease is one example
wherein the genes and the external
alteration in the number or structure of the
chromosomes. Sometimes the whole
chromosome is gained or lost. This type of
disorder is usually fatal and affects many
genes.

environment play a role in the contribution to ➡ Chromosomal disorders

the development of the disease. Which of

the following is an environmental/controllable 10. These disorders occur due to mutations
risk factor for Cardiovascular disease?
in a single gene and can be easily detected
➡ Fatty diet and smoking
by pedigree analysis. These disorders can
either be autosomal disorders or sex-linked
2. This type of genetic disorder is caused by disorders.

mutations in the non-nuclear mitochondrial ➡ Mendelian disorders

DNA.

➡ Mitochondrial disorders
11. Concordance is the percentage of twin
pairs in which both twins express a trait.

3. It is defined as the rate at which a certain For a trait largely determined by genes,
event occurs, such as the number of new concordance is higher for monozygotic than
cases of a particular disorder diagnosed per dizygotic twins.

year in a population of known size.

➡ Both statements are TRUE.

➡ Incidence

4. It is one of the remarkable ways of 12. Empiric risk is defined as?

detecting whether a child to be born will be ➡ Is a population statistic based solely on

having a genetic disease, or if the person is observation.

going to have a genetic disorder.

➡ Genetic Counselling
13. One of the following is the likely cause of
major depressive disorders, which is it?

5. It is said that certain genes affect a ➡ Decreased levels of serotonin and

person’s body weight, in turn affecting the norepinephrine

Body Mass Index. How is BMI calculated?

➡ weight (kg) divided by the square of 14. Which of the following pairs of risk
height (m)
factors for cardiovascular disease are
mismatched?

6. It is defined as the proportion or number ➡ age = controllable risk factor

of individuals in a population who have a

particular disorder at a specific time, such as 15. It is the interaction between genes that
during one year.
influences a phenotype, and it is when one
➡ Prevalence
gene really depends on another gene for it to
be expressed.

7. Which of the following signals hunger from ➡ Epistasis

stomach to brain in short term?

➡ Ghrelin
16. It is a behavioral disorder that has a wide
spectrum ranging from the classical form to
8. This is also known as multifactorial genetic milder forms wherein loss of language,
disorders. These disorders are caused as a communication and social skills begin in
result of environmental factors and gene early childhood.

mutations.
➡ Autism

➡ Polygenic disorders

17. Polygenic inheritance are caused as a 6. Which of the following is the hereditary
result of environmental factors and gene molecule?

mutations. An example of this kind of ➡ DNA

disorder is:

➡ Alzheimer’s disease
7. When do cells replicate DNA?

➡ During the S phase of the cycle

18. It controls whether the body stores or

uses fat.
8. Which among the following defines
➡ Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1
antiparallelism?

➡ Two strands of DNA molecule run in

19. It enables leptin to cross from the opposite directions

bloodstream into the brain.

➡ Leptin transporter
9. Which of the following is the manner of
DNA replication?

20. Which of the following statements ➡ Semi-conservative

describe true for multifactorial inheritance?

➡ A combination of genes from both 10. In DNA, which among the following binds
parents plus environmental influence with thymine?

make the condition. 

➡ Adenine

21. One of the following decreases appetite 11. In DNA, which among the following binds
effect, which is it?
with Guanine?

➡ Leptin
➡ Cytosine

22. Association - one event or characteristic 12. Which of the following descriptions of
occurs when another occurs
genetic information flow best illustrates the
Correlation - A directional association where central dogma of biology?

if one measurement increases, so does the ➡ DNA to RNA to Protein

other.

13. Which of following types of RNA encodes

the amino acid sequence?

➡ mRNA

Module 7
14. Which among the following is the correct
sequence from smallest to largest?

1. Which among the following enzymes is ➡ Amino acid, peptide, polypeptide,

responsible for unwinding the DNA double proteins

helix to separate the parental strands?

➡ Helicase
15. Does NOT participate in DNA replication?

➡ Uricase

2. Stop codons

➡ UGA UAA UAG

16. Types of RNA transports specific amino
acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis?

3. What happens during translation?

➡ tRNA

➡ RNA is synthesized from DNA

17. Given the following DNA sequence

4. Which among the following codons starts AATGCGTGCACTCAGAUGUGA, which
an mRNA sequence?
among the following stops translation of the
➡ AUG
sequence?

➡ UGA

5. What are the building blocks of a DNA

molecule?

➡ Nucleotides

18. Parts of an mRNA molecule that are 27. DNA stores RNA & protein-encoding
removed before synthesis?
information, & transfers information to
➡ Introns
daughter cells. RNA carries protein-encoding
information & helps to make proteins.

19. It is the unique component needed in the ➡ Both statements are TRUE.

Sanger sequencing reaction?

➡ Dideoxy nucleotides
28. Found on a DNA nucleotide?

➡ One deoxyribose sugar, one nitrogenous

20. rRNA associates with proteins to form base and one phosphate group

ribosomes, which structurally support &

catalyze protein synthesis. tRNA encodes
amino acid sequences.

➡ First statement is TRUE; Second Module 8

statement is FALSE.

21. In a sample of double-stranded DNA, 1. Viral genomes sizes typically range

20% percent of the nitrogenous bases are between 100-1000 Kb.

guanine (G). What percentage of the ➡ True

nitrogenous bases in the sample are cytosine

(C)?
2. The term “epigenetic” denotes?

➡ 20%
➡ Outside the gene

3. Embryonic hemoglobin is composed of?

22. In a sample of double-stranded DNA,

➡ 2 zeta chains and 2 epsilon chains

40% percent of the nitrogenous bases are

adenine (A). What percentage of the 4. Bacterial genomes sizes range between
nitrogenous bases in the sample are 1-10 Mb.

Thymine (T)?
➡ True

➡ 40%

5. Alternate splicing enables a cell to

23. Given the following DNA sequence manufacture different versions of a protein
AATGCGTGCACTCAG, what would be the by removing exons and retaining introns.

complementary sequence generated after ➡ False

replication?

6. They are the parts of mRNA that remain

➡ TTACGCACGTGAGTC

and are translated?

➡ Exons

24. Different codons that specify the same

amino acid are termed synonymous codons.
7. They are parts of mRNA that are removed
Nonsynonymous codons encode different and are otherwise known as intervening
amino acids.
sequences.

➡ Both statements are TRUE.

➡ Introns

25. It is the process of determining the 8. Another word used to describe for
sequence of nucleotide bases (As, Ts, Cs, Missense mutation.

and Gs)?
➡ Nonsynonymous mutation

➡ DNA sequencing

9. They are otherwise known as “jumping

genes.” can alter gene function in several
26. What is the role of DNA ligase during
ways like disrupting the site they jump from,
replication?

shut off transcription of the gene they jump

➡ Joins Okazaki fragments

into, or alter the reading frame of their

destination if they are not a multiple of three
bases.

➡ Transposons

10. A mutation is an alteration in the DNA

sequence that is rare in a population and
typically affects the phenotype.

➡ True

11. Is a change in a DNA sequence that is

rare in a population that may or may not be
beneficial.

➡ Mutation

12. The degree to which a mutation alters the

phenotype depends upon where in the gene
the change occurs, and how the mutation
affects the conformation, activity, or
abundance of an encoded protein.

➡ True

13. Is an alteration in a DNA coding

sequence that results in amino acid
replacement in polypeptides.

➡ Missense mutation

14. Is a mutation characterized by changes

in the codon specifying an amino acid into a
stop codon, resulting in premature
polypeptide chain termination.

➡ Nonsense mutation