WIRELESS RECHARGING
ABSTRACT This next-generation solution
A problem that’s hindering the freedom
and productivity of true mobility in our
lives is our need to carry and use bulky
chargers, power adapters and cords for
all the mobile electronic devices we use,
such as cell phones, laptop computers,
portable music players and many others.
What if there were a single charging
solution that would make all these
chargers and adapters redundant, that
could charge all our devices
simultaneously, and would be as simple
as placing a mobile device down on a
desk!!
This necessity has led to the innovative
invention of a ”WIRELESS
RECHARGING SYSTEM”
Instead of each device needing its own
charger, it is possible to recharge phones
and cameras by placing them on a plastic
pad the size of a mouse mat. A dense
array of coils buried in the pad will
transmit energy to the gadget to charge
its batteries. And it will be possible to
charge as many gadgets as can fit on the
pad at once.
wirelessly charges any device -
ranging from PDAs and mobile
phones to personal music
players, imaging devices etc and
is dedicated to revolutionizing
electric power delivery to mobile
devices through safe, sleek,
wire-free means.
1.INTRODUCTION
The tangle of cables and plugs
needed to recharge today's
electronic gadgets could soon be
a thing of the past. No messy
wires, no tangled cord, no
multiple plugs!
Imagine a world where all your
portable devices can be charged
and powered simply by placing
them on a flat pad. New wireless
technology lets people recharge
notebooks, cell phones and
other devices by setting them on
a pad instead of plugging them
in or dealing with a docking
station.
This next generation solution is
based around technology that
uses inductive coupling as a
means of power transfer - which
means you don't need any wires,
connectors or contacts between
the pad and the device. The
pads use electromagnetic
induction to charge devices.
2.COMPONENTS
The wireless recharging solution
has two parts:
2.1.Receiver Module
A sub-millimeter thin module
that can be customized to about
any size, shape or curve of a
device is fixed inside the device
and makes no visible impact to
product appearance. Designed
for use in PDAs, mobile phones,
personal music players and
portable gaming devices, as well
as a host of other consumer
electronic products, it enables
immediate, safe and contact less
recharging for the first
implementation of a truly
wireless mobile lifestyle.
2.2.Recharging Pad
This Pad is a thin (less than
6mm) universal wireless
charging platform that plugs into
any electrical outlet and can be
built into any surface with no
possibility of shock or discharge.
The base can deliver over 240W,
is safe from spills and does not
emit radiation or cause radio
interference.
The base station is plugged into
an AC adapter and can deliver
up to 30V DC to an individual
device. It's also completely safe,
and if any charge were delivered
to a person, it would be at the
level of a low-voltage battery,
virtually imperceptible to
humans and certainly not
harmful. The final base units will
be waterproof and protected
from electrostatic charges.
Any device fitted with the
module instantly begins to
recharge when placed anywhere
on the Pad in a safe and totally
contact less fashion and multiple
devices can be charged
simultaneously on a single pad.
This pad conforms to worldwide
safety standards and
regulations.
3.WORKING
The components work with the
help of a chipset. The chipset
basically has 2 kinds of chips
and enables "Wire-Free" electric
power transfer.
One chip, the tiny Adapter
Controller, goes inside the
mobile device and the other, the
Contact Controller, gets built
into the power base station.
These power bases, which come
in a wide variety of shapes, sizes
and colors, are each covered in
an array of gold-plated contacts.
The retrofitted mobile devices
also have a pair of contacts.
The
adapter chip inside the handheld
device will, when placed on a
base station, receive a very
small electrical signal and
message from the base
controller chip that will power up
the adapter chip. The base
controller chip will sense for
polarity. If there is none (say you
place your hand on the base)
then it does nothing. If it does
find polarity and a signal from
the adapter chip, it will then
read information about the
voltage level necessary to run
the mobile device and begin
charging and powering it.
Because of the array of contacts
—from dozens to hundreds,
depending on base size—there's
no need to place the device in a
special spot or position on the
base. In fact, the bases accept
multiple devices, charging and
powering them all at once. Thus,
there is no need for alignment of
receiving module and charging
base.
4.BASIC PRINCIPLE
Researchers have known that
wires don’t always need to be in
contact for electric power to get
transferred.
This wireless recharging because its antenna resonates
technology can work on two at the same frequency as the
principles: transmitter, while other objects
in the room do not absorb
i.resonance ii.electro energy because they do not
magnetic induction resonate at this frequency. The
researchers call this process
4.1.Resonance non-radiative energy transfer. In
addition, the transmitter would
It is a phenomenon that causes
reabsorb much of the energy
an object to vibrate when
that is not absorbed by the
energy of a certain frequency is
gadget.
applied.

When you have two resonant

objects of the same frequency,
they tend to couple very
strongly.

Resonance can be seen in

musical instruments. For
example, when you play a tune
on one, then another instrument
with the same acoustic
resonance will pick up that tune,
it will visibly vibrate. Thus, a simple copper antenna
designed to have long-lived
Instead of using acoustic resonance could transfer energy
vibrations, this system exploits to a laptop or a mobile phone
the resonance of with its own antenna resonating
electromagnetic waves. at the same frequency.
Electromagnetic radiation
includes radio waves, infrared Gadget and power source each
and X-rays. employ the same resonant
structure, which is an antenna
The technology is based on a for exchanging energy. The
method that uses an researchers investigated two
electromagnetic field to couple types of resonant structures – a
the power source to the gadget disk of dielectric material and a
to be charged. Energy is loop of wire bisected by
transferred to the gadget capacitive plates. The
simulations suggested that the
loop would be a better choice
under real-world conditions
because less energy would be
absorbed by nearby objects
including humans. Calculations
suggested that energy transfer
efficiencies of 15% or greater
could be achieved, which the
researchers claim is large
enough for practical
applications.
5) Energy not transferred to
laptop re-absorbed by source
antenna. People/other objects
not affected as not resonating at
6.4MHz
4.2.Electromagnetic
induction
Electric motors and power
transformers contain coils that
transmit energy to each other by
the phenomenon of
electromagnetic induction.
English scientist Michael
Faraday, who found out that a
changing magnetic field induces
a current in a nearby circuit,
discovered this phenomenon.

One way to operate the system

working with
resonance
1) Power from mains
antenna, which is made
copper
2) Antenna resonates at a
frequency of 6.4MHz, emitting
electromagnetic waves
3) 'Tails' of energy from
antenna 'tunnel' up to 5m
(16.4ft)
4) Electricity picked up by
laptop's antenna, which must
also be resonating at 6.4MHz.
Energy used to re-charge
device.
is to use electromagnetic
induction to send recharging
electricity to the battery.
Contact less electricity delivery
to
is made through a pad that has
of
a coil for transmission, and a
reception coil inside the
rechargeable device. So, a
current running in an emitting
coil induces another current in
the receiving coil; the two coils
are in close proximity, but they
do not touch. Thus, current flows
through the receiving coil and
charges up the rechargeable
battery.
In addition to the coil there’s
also a regulator, which adjusts
the amount of power being
supplied to the device so the
battery charges correctly. By
fitting the regulator into each
device, a number of gadgets
with different power
requirements can be charged
simultaneously.

Electromagnetic induction is a
technology that is currently
employed in a wide range of
applications. Applications, which
currently use induction for
power transfer, include powering
electric vehicles, recharging
electric toothbrushes and
powering smart-tags.
5.FEATURES
This technology has developed a
new way of powering devices
based on wireless power:
5.1.Features of the system
 It eliminates the need for a
different charger for every
gadget.
 You can charge more than
one device at a time
 The whole process becomes
easy and hassle-free
 No need for alignment of
receiving module and charging
base
 Thin, flexible, customizable
power receiver.
5.2.Features of the pad
 Generates inductive
field to power any
module-enabled device
placed on the pad.
 Uniform performance
across charging
surface.
 the system is perfectly
safe and will not even
wipe credit cards if you
accidentally put one on
the pad.
 Sizes can vary from
one-device to many-
devices
 Stand-alone and
integrated versions
demonstrated
Generally, the pad is provided
with a cord to be connected to
the ac mains if there is a
possibility. Else, it can be
alternatively operated with the
help 12 V batteries.
Such a version is called a stand-
alone or an integrated version,
as it is capable to handle the
recharging operation even
without an external power
supply and is provided with the
option of using batteries instead.
In this case, the technology
becomes completely wireless
where power from ac mains is Present mode of recharging
multiple devices.
not required.

It gives us freedom to charge

our cell phones, MP3 players,
PDAs or any other such hand
held devices whenever and
wherever we desire, even in the
absence of electricity, provided
that the gadgets are module-
enabled and we have the
required battery power with
us…. Is it not amazing!??
5.3.Features of module
 Receives power from the
Pad charging base
 Versatile implementation.
Virtually any area/shape -
customized to device
 Flexible. Accommodates a
range of curvatures
 Efficient
 Straight-forward
integration
6.ADVANTAGES
Wireless power for gadgets…
 The best advantage is saying
goodbye to having several
different chargers for all your
handheld gadgets like your
mobile phone or MP3 player and
make use of the technology that
can charge all of them at once,
without having to plug any of
them into the mains. The system
is based around a small flat mat
that plugs into the main
electricity supply and a special
module inside a gadget.
 The cost to add wireless
recharging technology to phones
or MP3 players is very low and
very affordable. The technology
will only add 25 cents to the cost
of a device and the module itself
is less than a millimeter thick.
 Contact less, efficient,
wire-free power enabling total
user convenience, this user
friendly technology can power-
up multiple devices anywhere on
the pad.
 Fast and safe charging
rates -- Using this technology
does not compromise recharging
times -- devices are powered at
the same rate as with
conventional wired adapters,
regardless of the number of
devices on the pad. This is also a
great solution for users with
multiple devices and too few
outlets -- one Pad in one outlet
can recharge several devices at
once, eliminating the clutter of
congested outlets.
 Low-cost technology with
minimal to zero impact on
device packaging or internal
circuitry – The Module is very
thin (sub-millimeter) and can be
easily integrated inside a
device's casing, thus
overcoming the need for an
arrangement to be connected to
the external power supply.
 Pads can be used
anywhere -- The Pad is very low
profile (less than 6MM thick) and
can be easily integrated
anywhere a consumer needs to
recharge a device, in virtually
any shape or size -- coffee
shops, cars, airport lounges ,
hotels, the desktop or anywhere
you need.
 The system could hold added
benefits for businesses such as
mobile phone manufacturers by
helping them cut costs, as they
don’t have to provide a charger
in every box.
7.COST
Bases (pads) would cost
consumers between $100 and
$150. The smaller pad will cost
between $30 and $40. Adding
the chips to notebooks should
cost manufacturers less than $5,
with the figure dropping to $2
for cell phones.
Ultimately the technology has
been designed for the mass
consumer market, so in the
future it will be possible to price
it as a mass-consumer price.
8.PROBLEMS
The technology faces a chicken-
and-egg situation in getting the
pads widely deployed — with no
compatible devices, who is going to
use the pads?
It’s probably the biggest problem
facing the manufacturers today.
Cell phone makers feel that if the
infrastructure is there they would for example powering freely
like to put the technology in the roaming robots within a factory
handset, but the infrastructure is pavilion.
not yet available as the pad
manufacturers are waiting for at
least some compatible devices to
come into the market.

8.FUTURE OF THE
TECHNOLOGY

 In addition to Pads for the

home, research is underway
about building pads into cars,
and into furniture in rooms so Demonstration of wireless
that the gadgets can be simply recharger…
placed on the chip-enabled part
of the car or the table for
immediate recharging.
9.CONCLUSIO
 Properly equipped televisions, N
lamps and many more devices
could be powered by large-sized The concept of wireless
pads. recharging bears a lot of
significance to those who own
 A home of the future would many handheld, portable
have a transmitter in every electronic gadgets as multiple
room, ensuring that all portable gadgets can be recharged at the
electronics devices are charged. same time.
 Other household gadgets
This means that the power
such as robotic vacuum cleaners
consumed is less, number of
could run off the power source
power plug points required
with the help of resonant
reduces and the process
antennas.
becomes hassle-free. One need
 In addition to consumer not carry around numerous
electronics, wireless energy adapters and rechargers…
could find industrial applications,
carrying one pad serves the
purpose.

Recharging pad
connected to ac mains.

Battery-operated pads can be

used for portable recharging.

One day we would like to see

these pads becoming part of our
everyday environments- being
incorporated in desks, coffee
tables, cars... so that wherever
we go, we can keep our gadgets
powered up.
Developed with the goal of
freeing consumers from 'the last
wire' in their array of electronic
devices, this solution represents
the culmination of years of
research to create an intuitive,
safe and innovative solution for
universal wireless recharging.

This really is best-of-breed

technology and finally unleashes
the potential for a truly wireless
world.