EE – 19 Problem Set 4

1. A 1000 kVA, 6,600/400 volts 60 cycle single phase core type transformer has the
following average daily load:
Full Load 0.8 p.f. 8 hrs
Half Load 0.707 p.f. 10 hrs
No-Load --- 6 hrs
2. A 30 kVA, 2,400/240 V, 60 Hz transformer has a full load power of unity over the period
of 24 hrs. The maximum efficiency is 95% and it occurs at full load. Calculate the all-day
efficiency if loaded as follows:
Full Load 6 hrs
Quarter Load 6 hrs
3. A 25 kVA distribution transformer operates at 20% overload, 0.3 p.f. lagging for 1 hour; at
full load, 0.9 lagging p.f. for 3 hours; 50% load at unity p.f. for 8 hours; and 10% load at
0.8 leading p.f. for the rest of the day. If core loss is 150 watts and full load copper loss is
500 W. What is the all day efficiency of the transformer?
4. A 1 MVA, 66/11 kV, 60 Hz transformer has an equivalent series impedance of 1.0 + j 5
ohms referred to the low voltage side and a no-load los of 5500 watts at rated terminal
voltage. What is the macimum efficiency at 0.8 p.f. lagging?
5. A 100 kVA transformer has a maximum efficiency of 98% at 10% underload and at unity
p.f. Evaluate the efficiency at quarter load, 0.8 p.f. lagging.
6. A 50 kVA, 2300/230 volt, 60 cycle transformer is tested in the laboratory so that its
characteristics maybe determined. The transformer test requires an open circuit test and
short circuit test.
Open circuit test I = 6.5 A E = 230 V P = 187 W
Short circuit test I = 21.7 A E = 115 V P = 570 W
Determine the efficiency of the transformer at half load, unity p.f.
7. A 100 kVA, 4160/230 V, 60 Hz single-phase transformer has percentage impedance of
1.75 + j 4.0. Its efficiency when operating at rated conditions at 75% p.f. lagging is 97%.
Determine the efficiency, if the transformer is loaded at rated load and voltage but at 50
Hz. Assume the ratio of eddy current losses to hysteresis losses at 60 Hz to 2.5.
8. The equivalent parameters of a 150 kVA, 2400/240 V transformer, are = 0.2 Ω , =
2 Ω, = 0.45 Ω, = 0.45 Ω, = 4.5 Ω, = 10 Ω, and = 1.55 Ω.
The transformer is operating at rated load and rated voltage with 0.8 lagging power
factor. Using the approximate equivalent circuit referred to the primary side, determine:
a. Voltage regulation
b. The transformer power loss
c. Efficiency

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9. A 120 kVA, 2400/240 volt transformer has the following parameters:
= 0.75 Ω, = 0.8 Ω, = 0.0045 Ω, = 0.02 Ω.
The transformer is loaded by 80% of its rated load at 0.8 p.f. lag.
The transformer has iron losses of 1 kW and full load copper losses of 3 kW
Calculate:
a. The equivalent impedance referred to the primary.
b. The transformer efficiency at the mentioned loading conditions.
c. The transformer voltage regulation at the mentioned loading conditions.
d. The transformer maximum efficiency at 0.8 p.f. lag.
e. If a capacitor is connected in shunt to the load and improve the p.f. to 0.85 lag.
Calculate the transformer efficiency and voltage regulation at the new conditions.
10. The full load copper loss of a 75 kVA single phase transformer is thrice the iron losses. At
half load unity p.f., the efficiency is 97%. Determine the full load efficiency at 0.8 p.f.
lagging.