‘ALABAMA DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 8160 AUM Dave Telephone (334) 676.5292 Montgomery, AL 36117-7001 Facaimile (934) 260-6734 REPORT OF AUTOPSY ADFS CASE NUMBER: 20MM00197 DATI November 15, 2019 TIMI 0958 hours NAME(S): SET COUNTY OF DEATH: = Marengo DATE OF DEATH: November 13, 2019 AGE |= RACE:B SEX: F LENGTH: Unknown WEIGHT: 9 pounds FINAL DIAGNOSES 1. Fragmented and incomplete skeletonized remains, Il, No evidence of obvious fatal perimortem trauma or significant natural disease. ML Bi idence of extensive animal scavenging. IV. Toxicology: Negative for drugs. CAUSE OF DEATH: Undetermined. MANNER OF DEATH: Undetermined. Comment: The skeletal remains of this a were recovered from the side of a rural road in Marengo County, Alabama. ‘The cause of death was unable to be determined due to the decomposed and skeletonized condition of the remains. Postmortem toxicology testing of the decomposed brain was negative for drugs. A forensic anthropologist confirmed that the remains were consistent with those of Positive identification was confirmed by the comparison of the DNA profile from [IIEBEM mother and a DNA profile obtained from a tooth and a bone fragment. ‘The discovery of decomposed remains in a wooded area is suspicious for homicide, but no definitive evidence of violence was present on the bones recovered. The presence of lineat enamel hypoplasia on the teeth and arbre orbitaia of the skull as noted in the forensic anthropology report are suspicious for neglect or severe illness, but there is no other evidence to support this hypothesis. The recommended manner of death was undetermined. Page 1 of 4Case # 20MM00197 Name Unidentified EVIDENCE OF INJURY ‘There is no evidence of recent significant injury. EXAMINATION RECEIPT AND INITIAL EXAMINATION OF REMAINS: The remains are received in three human remains pouches. Multiple non-human remains are present and are separated from the human remains. Accompanying the remains is a torn and soiled a child’s shitt (“Bee You"), a soiled and foul-smelling black plastic garbage bag, and a soiled and foul-smelling fabric shower curtain. ‘The skeleton is incomplete and highly fragmented. Soft tissue, skin, and internal organs are absent. There is adherent mummified soft tissue at the base of the cranium, and liquefied brain matter within the cranium. ‘There is a strong odor of putrefactive decomposition, but no obvious insect activity is identified. Other than the animal scavenging, there is no obvious evidence of injury in the remaining osseous elements. BONES PRESENT: ‘The cranium is missing the midface. The anterior mandible, the left maxilla, multiple sib fragments and long bone fragments are recovered. PATHOLOGY: There is no gross evidence of pathology. AGE: The cranium is suggestive of an immature /juvenile human, SEX: The relatively small mastoid processes, smooth nuchal crest, and minimal mental eminence of the mandible are consistent with female sex. ANCESTRY: The incisors are blade form. The cranial vault is low and a post bregmatic depression is ptesent. Taken together, these characteristics are consistent with Afican-American ancestry. STATURE: The stature cannot be estimated from the remains present. ‘TIME OF DEATH ESTIMATION: Comparing the degree and type of decomposition, animal predation, and insect activity, the death interval is consistent with several weeks to several months. DENTITION: The dentition is mixed, consisting of mostly deciduous teeth, but the permanent lower central incisors (24, 25) and the left first molar (19) are erupted. ‘This pattern is suggestive of an age of four to seven years. IDENTIFICATION: A sample of long bone and permanent molar tooth are sent for DNA testing and identification. The DNA profile obtained from the molar tooth and long bone fragment are compared to the DNA profile of the biological mother, resulting in a positive identification. Page 2 of 4Case # 20MM00197 Name Unidentified ANCILLARY STUDIES POSTMORTEM RADIOGRAPHS: Digital radiographs of the cranium do not demonstrate fractures or retained metallic projectiles. TOXICOLOGY: ‘ee Toxicological Analysis Report. FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY: The remains were sent to Heather Walsh-Haney, Ph.D., D-ABFA for expert forensic anthropology consultation as case number 11B19 under chain of custody. Please see the forensic anthropology report for complete details. Page 3 of 4Case # 20MM00197 Name Unidentified LOGISTICS AUTHORIZATION: Code of Alabama (1975) Section 36-18-2; Greg Griggers, District Attorney. IDENTIFICATION: Kelvin Scott, Marengo County Coroner. | PERSONS PRESENT: Cheridie Kilpattick and Douglas Griffith, Forensic Pathology Specialists; Diancla Strebeck, Brookwood Baptist; Adam Blinn and Jacob Vorpahl, Jacksonville Florida SherifPs Office; Heather Walsh-Haney, Amy Pham, and Savanna Dungan, Florida Gulf Coast University; L. E. Hutto, Florida State Attorney’s Office; Joe Rogish, Naval Criminal Investigative Service; Glenn W, Jacksonville, Sherif?s Office. EVIDENCE: Photographs, radiographs, hair, tooth, tibia, brain matter, and miscellaneous brown paper | bags containing: one shower curtain, one black plastic bag, and one shirt. ‘The facts stated herein are correct to the best of my knowledge and opinion at the time of report | completion. ‘Tissue evidence will be disposed 12 months from the date of the original report unless alternate arrangements are made ptior thereto. Toxicology evidence, not tested, will be disposed 24 months from the date of the examination unless alternate arrangements are made prior thereto. Edward Reedy, PRD, MD Senior State Medical Examiner February 20, 2020 Date Signed EAR/kps/1i/ke Page 4 of 4ALABAMA DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCES ‘386 Valea Road “Telephon: (35) DONE Morr, 35248205, aca (25) 0-25 | TOXICOLOGICAL ANALYSIS REPORT Edward Reedy, MD ADFS Case Number 20MM00197 Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences Agency Case Number 20C-00485-MAC P. O, Box 240591 Case Date 11/13/2019 8160 A.U.M. Drive Date Completed 11/26/2019 Montgomery, AL 36124-0591 Report ID 120226737 ‘es Evidence analyzed (Including sub-items) tem ___Specimen Analyte Result Method(s) Notes 1K Bin Ethanol P HS/Gc 138 IKI Brin Devgs ND GC/MS t Foomores ND- None detected P Present but not quantified 1 Decomposed specimen, 38 Specimen condition rendered it unsuitable for quantiative analysis Comments Evidence was received ina sealed plastic bag, Date of fst testing activity was 11/20/2019. Remaining evidence will be disposed 24 months fom the date of this report unless storage space becomes limited or alternate arrangements are made prior thereto. phengb8, 11/26/2019 ‘Keisten Ellis Forensic Scientist (ONE DEPARTMENT * ONE GOAL * EXCELLENCE Customer Satsfzction Ne Accredied Laboesor Sytem Surveys are available at a ‘st Peaat ‘wowadfsalabama gov Page 1 of 1ALABAME” ~ DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCES "126 Valley Koad “Tlepons 205) 982.9302 Moore, Ab 35244205 ern (25) 08-2035 Examination of Biological Evidence Sabjeets) Unidentified Lab Case No. 20MM00197 Submitter Case No. 200-00485-MAC Reporte David Ratlift Received lnsnoi9 SBI - Major Crimes - Selma Office Reported nnsn019 513 Lauderdale St. ‘Selma, AL 36701 On November 19, 2019, the following evidence was received from Tony Vance of the Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences Montgomery Medical Laboratory: IL. One (1) tube labeled in part “Rt lower molae” containing one (1) molar tooth 1M. One (1) tube labeled in part “piece of tibia” containing one (1) piece of bone On November 14, 2019, the following evidence was received from Robert Campbell of the Jacksonville Sheriff's Office - Florida: 2 One (1) plastic bag Inbeled “tubes of blood” containing: 2A. One (1) red cap tube labeled in part “Williams, Brianna” containing a blood sample DNA reference standard Note: A bloodstain card (Item 2A) was made from Item 2A. 2B. One (1) red cap tube labeled in part "Williams, Brianna” containing 2 blood sample DNA reference standard Note: A bloodstnin card (Item 2B1) was made from Item 2B, RESULTS: ‘The following items were profiled uuilizing the D3S1358, vWA, D16S539, CSFIPO, TPOX, ¥ indel, Amelogenin, 851179, D21S11, D18851, DYS391, D2S441, D19S433, THO1, FGA, D22S1045, DSS818, D13$317, D7S820, ‘SE33, D10S1248, D1S1656, D12S391, and D2S1338 PCR based DNA ‘typing systems: Item 1L tooth TemiM bone Trem 2A1 DNA reference standard, Brianna Williams Item 2B1_ DNA reference standard, Brianna Williams INTERPRETATIONG): ‘The genetic traits detected in the following items are consistent and originated from a female indivich em Wl. tooth Item 1M bone ONE DEPARTMEN'+ ONE GON. IXCELLRNCT, cota ion Acre abortory Sytem Seer eee 200 Page 1 of 2Case 20M00197 ~ ~ November 25, 2019 Examination of Biological Evidence Interpretation(s) Continued: The results of these analyses indicate that the source of the DNA profile recovered from the tooth (Item 1L) and bone (Item 1M) is approximately 7,144,000 times more likely to be the biological daughter of Brianna ‘Williams (Item 2A1) than being the biological daughter of another random, unrelated African American individual Any appropriate DNA profiles developed in this case have becn entered into the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) and will be searched on a routine basis. If any investigative leads are generated you will be notified in a separate memorandum. ‘The Alabama DNA Databank contains evidentiary samples, as well as biological samples from individuals who have been arrested and/or convicted of felony and specified misdemeanor offenses and who have provided samples for DNA testing in accordance with Code of Alabama 1975 Section 36-18-20 et 19. No further biological analyses are being performed. Items IL and 1M will be returned to the Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences Montgomery Medics! Laboratory. ‘The remainder of the evidence is ready to return to the investigative agency. Any remaining DNA extracts) will be maintained by the laboratory. @ Hannah Payne Forensic Scientist Page 2 ofQ FLORIDA UNIVERSITY Cotiege of Arts & Selencos ‘Department of Justice Studies REPORT OF OSTEOLOGICAL EXAMINATION ALABAMA DEPARTMENT OF FORENSIC SCIENCES CASE NUMBER: 20MM00197 OSTEOLOGICAL EXAMINATION CASE NUMBER: 11B19 JACKSONVILLE SHERIFF'S OFFICE CASE NUMBER: 19-762278 ALABAMA STATE BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION CASE NUMBER: 20C-485-MAC DATE AND MODE OF RECEIPT OF REMAINS: On the 10 November 2019, I was contacted by Jacksonville Sheriff's Office (JO) regarding recovery assistance with human skeletal remains that were discovered in a wooded area in Demopolis, Alabama (County Road 44 off of Highway 28, Marengo County, Alabama, 36748). The remains were believed to be of Miss Z (a “black” or African American female bor| Atthe request of the JSO, the Alabama State Bureau of Investigation (SBI), and Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences (ADFS) Medical Examiner, Dr. Edward Reedy, I assisted with the recovery of the remains on 12 to 15 November 2019, At the request of Dr. Reedy, I conducted a forensic. osteologicel analysis for time since death, identification, and trauma, On 22 November 2019, | accepted receipt of these remains along with nonhuman remains via UPS (Tracking Number 1Z35E 150039399591 |). | conducted analyses in the laboratory space provided to me by the District 20 Medical Examiner’s Office (3838 Domestic Avenue, Naples, Florida, 34104). Laboratory Coordinator, Dayanira Lopez, M.S., helped me with this analysis, CASE NARRATIVE: According to information provided by law enforcement, on 6 November 2019, JSO received information regarding a missing person’s report for a[EMEeMmchild, Miss REE. Te report came fom a Brianne Willems who w an active petty officer at Naval Air Station (NAS) Jacksonvil .ccording to JSO, Miss| ie possibly transported to Alabama on or between 21 October 2019 through 31 ‘October 2019. On 25 November 2019, DNA analysis was conducted by ADFS Biology Section using ‘one tooth (right maxillary permanent first molar) and one tibia fragment that were obtained during sac ot Dr. Reedy. The DNA analysis positively identified these remains as Miss these remains were I vault (approximately TIME SINCE DEATH: Upon my direct observation of these remai skeletonized with the exception of decomposing tissue within the ci "drove to Alabama with my team beginning Florida on 12 November 2019 and arrived at 19:30pm (central vie) on the same date, (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239) 590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _httpy//cps.fecu.edu "10501 FGCU Boulevard South = Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565, ‘An Affirmative Action Equal Opportunity Employer + Amember of the tate University System af FloridaM.E. Case Number: 20MMO00197 Page 2 of 28 ial base and one rib fragment (Figure 1). These remains and other material evidence including one Old Navy Bee You t-shirt (size 5T), “shower curtain” and “black plastic bag” (Figure 2) were malodorous. The human osseous remains were greasy and evidenced red and pink staining within the cortical bone. Following the method set forth by Megyesi et al. (2005) the Total Body Score (TBS 30) was calculated using a qualitative scale to evaluate the degree of decomposition. In addit the average daily temperatures collected by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (25.63°C or 78.13°F) were evaluated to better estimate time since death. Based upon these NOAA temperature data, the Moffatt et al. (2016) equation calculated the postmortem interval as 31 ~ 184 days (Figure 3). However, these results should be interpreted with caution as these methods have not been tested in the environment of Alabama and do not include the expedited effects of body mass and animal scavenging, the latter being clearly evident on these remains (Mann et al, 1990). Taking all these data into consideration, the most accurate time since death ‘estimate was several weeks to several months, SCENE EXCAVATION & MAPPING: On 13 through — 15 November 2019, | assisted Jacksonville Sheriff's Office (JSO) in the recovery of human remains scattered on the ground surface of a densely wooded area (Figure 4). Reportedly, the area had been used for hunting and prepared with fire breaks, or trenches, to assist in the event of a forest fire, that created an undulating ground surface. I assisted in the recovery with my team (Graduate Assistants Shannon Dery, Savanna Dungan, Amy Pham, Brooke Smith, Natalie Velie, Laboratory Coordinator Dayanira Lopez, M.S., FIRST Forensic Science Administrator Austin Polonitza, M.S.) alongside JSO crime scene investigators, the ADFS Medical Examiner, and Alabama State Bureau of Investigation personnel. The recovery process required the use of gloved hands, flags, dust pans, brushes, trowels, rakes, buckets, tarps, % inch sifters, and shrubbery clippers. ‘The scene was bounded by trees on all sides with the addition of County Road 44 to the east (Figure 5). Prior to my arrival, law enforcement had flagged possible human skeletal (osseous) remains, possible human remains (¢.g., soft tissue, hair, nails), and other possible material evidence (t-shirt, “shower curtain”, “black plastic bag”, “elastic”, small “pieces of black plastic”). The search area that was delineated by the law enforcement flags was recorded using. the Leica iCR 70 Robotic Total Station (Figure 6). We set units A ~D (6m x 7m, 8m x 7m, 8m x 6m, and 8 x 6m, respectively) to encompass the law enforcement flags and in preparation for the detailed search that occurred in each unit. We added units E — H (all measuring 8m x 8m) that contained human osscous remains. We bordered all units containing human osscous remains, other human remains, and material evidence using 4m x 8m unit corridors or buffers. We did not expand past the corridor units (I~ 'V) when those units lacked human osseous remains, possible human remains, or possible material evidence. The total mapped/searched area measured 1224 mi? with the human osseous remains, other human remains, and material evidence found within 580 m? of the mapped/searched area (Figure 7). + NOAA weather data used in estimation of TSD was recorded by the satellite located in Marengo County. Alabama. (239) 590-7821 TTY: {239}590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://cps.fgcu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South + Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565, ‘An Affirmative Action Equal Opportunity Employer» Amnember ofthe State University System of FriaM.E. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 3 of 28 All_pine needles and other vegetation laying over or under the human osseous remains, other human remains, and material evidence were sifted using % inch screens on to tarps. The pine straw underbrush thickness measured from Sem (under the “shower curtain” and “black Plastic bag”) to 10cm from the soil surface to the interface between the evidence and the pine straw (Figure 9). ‘The shovel test pit (Im x 1m x 0.5m deep) was created adjacent to unit T and revealed four stratigraphic layers or horizons (Figure 10, Table 3). Only one human remains (osseous), @ fragmentary and scavenged human rib in unit A, was partially buried within the |* horizon (Munsell color “very dark gray”) (Figure 10). All other human osseous, other human remains, and material evidence were found on or within the pine straw. ‘The baseline ran 34m north to south (subdatum | to subdatum 2) and the meridian ran 36m east to west (subdatum 3 to subdatum 4) through the debris field (including the corridor/buffer units). Relative to subdatum 4 moving west, the maxilla was 2.5m (within unit A), the cranium (within unit B) was 4.5m, the mandible (within unit A) was 6.75m, the “shower curtain” and “black plastic bag” (within unit C) was 11.5m from the tree line adjacent to County Road 44. Multiple fragmentary human ribs were located 10m west of the subdatum 4 and adjacent to the Bee You t-shirt. The rest of the human remains were scattered within units A~F, HM, and N (Figures 7 & 8, Table 7). On 14 November 2019, a human remains detector dog (HRDD) was deployed at the request of SBI to the surrounding wooded area adjacent to the scene, The HRD had two low probability'alerts: one near an animal burrow to the north of the scene and one to the west of the scene, These two areas were explored with trowels and buckets and the soil sifted—no human remains were discovered. In addition, three other areas of low probability alerts were searched in the same fashion (Table 8), however, only a nonhuman cranial fragment and a cache of nonhuman ribs were discovered. SKELETAL INVENTORY & MINIMUM NUMBERS OF INDIVIDUALS: These remains ‘were incomplete with the following fragmentary human skeletal and dental elements recovered (Table 9, Table 10 & Table 11): cranium, mandible, five right and six left ribs; left humerus, tulna, femur, tibia; one fragment of fibula; 5 cranial fragments less than 8 mm in maximum length; 6 postcranial fragments less than 29 mm in maximum length; and 21 teeth. These remains ‘were morphologically consistent without irregular duplication. These were the skeletal remains of one individual (Figure 11). Six deer (Cervidae) bones (identified as specimens 2A ~- 2F) were discovered as well (Figure 20). Deer bones 2A -2C were found approximately 32m south of the permanent datum along Marengo County Road 44, Deer bones 2D — 2F were discovered approximately 6m south of the permanent datum along the tree line, AGE: Macroscopic analysis of the skeletal remains and comparison to known age standards was conducted to estimate skeletal age-at-death. The following age-related skeletal changes were observed: (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239) 590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://cps.fgcu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South + Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 ‘An Affirmative Action Equal Opportunity Employer + A member ofthe State Unversity System of FloridaMLE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 4 of 28 ‘+ The basilar portion of the occipital measured 16.34 mm in anterior to posterior length and 26.31mm in width. These findings were consistent with an age greater than 4 years 7 months (Scheuer, Black and Cunningham 2016). © The basilar suture lacked union and was consistent with a female less than 13 years of age'(Shirley and Jantz 2001; Scheuer, Black and Cunningham 2000) (Figure 12). ‘Mixed deciduous and permanent dentition was present within both dental arcades (Tables 10 & 11) (Figure 12). Following the method set forth by Ubelaker (1999) using deciduous dental data from non-Native Americans the dental development was most consistent with an age range of 4 — 8 years (mean age = 6 years). © Root resorption of the deciduous mandibular canines and second molars were evaluated radiographically following Moorrees et al, (1963). The deciduous mandibular canines and molars presented with root resorption consistent with an age range of 4— 7.5 years (Table 12), ‘+ The permanent maxillary incisors and permanent mandibular incisors, canines, and first molars were evaluated for completeness of crown and root formation following Moorrees et al. (1963). The results of this radiographic analysis estimated an age range of 3.9 - 6.6 years (Table 13). ‘+ The left mandibutar arcade was evaluated following the method set forth by Demirjian et (1973) using postmortem radiographs to score dental growth and development (Table 14): Scoring of left mandibular permanent dentition following Demirjian et al. (1973) for ‘medical examiner case 20MM00197.The method calculated an accumulated individual set total of 37.5, an age of 5.9 years, and a dental maturity just above the 50" percentile (Figure 13). Importantly, this method tends to slightly over-estimate the age of decedents (Phillips & Wyk Kotze 2009; Maber, Liversidge, & Hector 2006). » Mamelons, or 3 rounded protuberances on the occlusal incisor surfaces, were observed on permanent mandibular teeth 23 — 26 (Figure 14). These protuberances, a part of normal tooth development in young children within the first decade of life, wear away with age (Savita et al. 2017). ‘Taking allthis information into consideration, the most accurate skeletal age-at-death estimation was 47 years of age. These results were consistent with the chronological age of who was| SEX: The estimation of skeletal sex in subadult remains under the age of 12 is generally unadvisable due to a lack of validated methods, as recommended by the Scientific Working Group of Anthropology (NIST-SWGANTH 2010). In addition, the most reliable elements for ‘sex estimation, the pelvic bones, were not available for analysis. Nevertheless, the following nonmetric female characteristics of the cranium were observed because the assessment of morphology may inform other skeletal analyses: (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239) $90-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://cps.fgcu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South» Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565, ‘An Affirmative Action Equal Opportunity Employer» Amember ofthe State Universit System of FloridaMLE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 5 of 28 * Gracile nuchal crest and short mastoid processes; ‘+ Bossing of the frontal, gracile glabellar region, and sharp supraorbital mergin; + Small mental eminence pointed at the midline. ANCESTRY: The estimation of ancestry in subadult skeletal remains is difficult and generally unadvisable because the nonmetric characteristics used for estimation of ancestry are unreliable prior to puberty (Scheuer, Black and Cunningham 2016; NIST-SWGANTH 2010). However, the following rionmetric cranial and dental traits were observed because the assessment of morphology may inform other skeletal analyses: ‘Slight post bregmatic depression and simple cranial sutures; + Spatulate incisors, Carabelli's cusp on tooth 3, and crenulated molars (teeth 3, 14, 15 and 19) (Figure 14). ‘These nonmetric traits are more frequently observed in individuals of African or “black” ancestry, with the exception of the Carabelli's cusp, which is variable between African and European ancestral groups (Rhine & Gill 1990; Edgar 2009). DENTAL INVENTORY: Macroscopic and radiographic examination of the maxilla and mandible revealed the following observations: + Evidence of linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH), a disruption of enamet formation during ‘growth that has been linked to disease, trauma, and nutritional deficiencies, marked the Je maxillary permanent central incisor (tooth 9) 2.38mm below the CEJ (Buikstra and Ubelaker 1994) (Figure 15.). ‘+ The left maxillary deciduous canine (tooth 58) was marked with a buccal enamel pit that may have resulted as an enamel hypoplastic defect related to localized trauma or infection (Hillson 2002) (Figure 15). '* Postmortem break to the protocone of the left maxillary permanent first molar (tooth 14) was observed. ‘* The mandibular deciduous lateral incisors (teeth 64 and 67) presented with antemortem loss; although the possibility that the incisors were lost postmortem cannot be ruled out. ANTEMORTEM TRAUMA & PATHOLOGIC CHANGE: These remains presented with the following antemortem pathology: + The cranium presented with bone lesions within the orbits (the right presented with more severity than the left) consistent with cribra orbitalia, This condition tends to be associated with the clinical diagnosis of megaloblastic or hemolytic anemias or the ion of normal bone development related to disease, trauma, and nutritional jencies (Walker etal. 2009) (Figure 15). (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239) 590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://cps.fgcuedu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South + Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 ‘An Affirmative Action Equal Opportunity Employer» Amemnber ofthe State University System of FloridaMLE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 6 of 28 PERIMORTEM TRAUMA & PATHOLOGIC CHANGE: Gross, microscopic examination of these remains revealed no evidence of per graphic, and jortem trauma. POSTMORTEM CHANGE & TAPHONOMY: Gross, radiographic, and microscopic (using a Leica 30X dissecting scope) examination of these remains revealed the following postmortem changes related to animal scavenging (Pokines 2015): The inferior surface of the cranium, left maxilla, and mandible presented with pits (n= 9, A-1) that measured between Imm — 13mm in maximum diameters (Figures 12, 16 & 18, ‘Table 15). © The right and left frontal processes, left orbit, the left maxilla, and the mastoid processes Presented with punctures (n= 8, J - Q) measuring between 3mm — 12mm in maximum diameters (Figures 17 & 18,Table 15). © The rib heads and stemal ends presented with postmortem crushing breakage and the left humeral shaft presented with breakage with a scalloped margin (Figure 19). In general, all of the skeletal remains presented with postmortem breakage that resulted from animal scavenging (Figure 16). SUMMARY: The forensic osteological analysis revealed that these remains were consistent with the known biological descr ‘American or “black” fernale born changes consistent with eribra o of enamel considered to be marker of disease, trauma, or nutritional deficiency, was observed. ‘There was no evidence of perimortem trauma on these fragmentary and incomplete remains. Postmortem change consistent with animal scavenging was observed on all of these skeletal remains, Additionally, one tibial fragment and one molar were sent for DNA analysis. The forensic anthropological recovery of these remains and associated material evidence indicated that these remains were distributed throughout 580m? within densely wooded area, Pine straw that covered the ground. A TSD estimate was calculated as 31 — 184 days using TBS and NOAA average daily temperatures. However, the TSD estimate was modified to include a several weeks to several months. ATTACHMENTS: Appendix A (scene maps). Appendix B (tables), Appendix C (figures) and Appendix D (literature cited) are attacked. WES ‘Heather Walsh-Haney, Ph.D., D-ABFA (239) 590-7821 TTY: (238) 590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _httpy//cps.fgcu.edu 110501 FGCU Boulevard South» Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 ‘An Affeative Action Equal Opportunity Employer + Amember of the State University System of FloridaMLE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Associate Professor & Chair Justice Studies Florida Gulf Coast University 10501 FGCU Blvd. South Fort Myers, FL 33965-6565 Office Phone: (239) 590-7693 Dayana reps Dayanira Lopez, M.S. Laboratory Coordinator, Dept, Justice Studies Florida Gulf Coast University Merwin Hall, Room 158 Phone: (561) 632-4645 Email: davlopez@fgcu.edu DATE: 12 February 2020 REPORT DIRECTED TO: Edward A. Reedy, Ph.D., M.D. Medical Examiner Alabama Department of Forensic Sciences 8160 AUM Drive Montgomery, AL 36117 (239) 590-7821 _ TTY: (239) 590-1450 10501 FGCU Boulevard South ‘An affirmative Action Equal Opportunity Employer Page 7 of 28 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://eps.tgcu.edu Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 ‘Asmember ofthe State Unversity Sytem of FloridaM.E, Case Number: 20MIM00197 Page 8 of 28 APPENDIX A Figure 1: Overall photograph of the skeletal remains recovered from the scene for medical examiner ease 20MM00197. igure 2: Photograph of the t-shirt (Bee You), “shower eurtain" and "black plastic bag" found near the human osseous remains associated with medical examiner ease 20MM00197. (239) 590-7821 TT:(239) 590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http-//eps.facu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South + Fort Myers, Florids 33965-6565 ‘An Alfemative Action Equal Opportunity Employer + member of the State Universty System of FloridaMLE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 9 of 28 ‘Moffat PM Estimates for MEW20MIMO0197 based upon 25.63¢ PMU Eserute (Oy) 100 200 303 400 $00 600 Figure 3: The R Studio plot of the Moffatt et al. (2016) PMI prediction for medical examiner case 20MIM00197, (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239)'590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://cps.fecu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South > Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 ‘Ae Afiemative Action Equal Opportunity Employer + Amember ofthe State University System of Florida2 a eS Figure 4; Overall pan photograph (shot from the east capturing the scene from south (left) to north (right) of the scene after being cleared where the remains associated with medical examiner case 20MM00197 were discovered.* "This photograph (pan view) was taken on Walsh-Haney’s cell phone in erder to encompass the full seen exeavated in ane photograph, (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239)590-1450 FAX: (239)590-7842 _hutpr//cps.fecuedu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South + Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 Am affimative Action Equal Oppartonity Employer + Amember ofthe State University System of FariasME #20MM00197 FA# 11B19 ISO # 19-762278 SBI # 20C-485-MAC sure 5: Google Earth highlights the area excavated meas 1224n1, The white dots indicate data points (See Table 1) collected by a Leica iCR70 Robotic Total Statio (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239)590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://eps.fgcu.edy 10501 FGCU Bo = For Florida 33965-65 ‘an Affmative Action Equal Op ployer + Amember ofthe State University System of FlovidaMLE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 12 of 28 ME #20MM00197 FA#IIBIS ISO #19-762278 SBI # 20C-485-MAC Figure 6: A Google Earth digital overall map of scene with data collected by Leica iCR70 Robotic Total Station. (239) 590-7821 TT¥:(238)590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 http'//eps.fgcu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South + Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 An Atrmative Action Egeal Opportunity Employer + Amember a the State University Syste of Frisetse Number: 20MM00197 Pa ighway 43 Highway 28 {Examines # 2000187 «Anthropology #11819 9-0782278 16 485 “MAC MW Key <2Meae HIRO = Homan Remsine HRN = Henan emai ME =Ponibie Maver NH =Neniuman Romai AY =Avimal Burow (© =Permanent Datum Ge = Subdetum 4s @ =subeatum nia @ = Wooden Electice Sos GPS stake - Shovel est Pit vate sh stacreneseeiom totnan Rema 1D =conicertuter Sigitized map depicting the overall scone including units excavated (Letters A — V) and materials discovered for medical ex 400197. (239} 590-7821 TTY:(239)590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://eps.fecu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South + Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565, ‘An fmative Action Equal GpportnityEmployer + Arember of the State Univesity Sytem of FloriM, Case Number: 20MMO00197 Page !4 of 28 em Hrighvay #3 IMarengo County Road. 44 Highyay 28 mp ~ _@ @ @F @e * B Medical Examiner #20MM00197| Forensic Anthropology # 11819 JSO € 19- 0762278 ‘SBI # 20C - 485-MAC PR = Human Remains (Non-Osseous) = Nonhuman (NH) Remains (Ossecus) = Shower Curtain = Clothing Figure 8: Plan view map of the remains in sitt recovered for medical examiner case 20MMO00197. (239) 590-7821 TT¥:(239) 590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://eps.fgcu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South + Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565, ‘An affimative Action Equal Opportunity Employer» Amember of the tate University System of FloridaME, Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 15 of 28 ure 9: Photograph of isolated rib found partially buried beneath pine straw by scavengers (left), profile of pine straw layer (middie) and tree canopy directly above the location of the “shower curtain” and “black plastic bag” (right) within the scene for medical examiner case 20MM00197, Shovel Tes Pit cam YF saibeReasmemmy dr tr key ego a Trt pean ry frmceneeayaee | w —— Figure 1 the soil temperature, moisture, and pH data (bottom) collected for medical examiner case 20MM00197, ‘rofile map (left) and photograph (right) of the comparison shovel test pit with (239) 590-7821 TTY:(239)590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://cps.fgcu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South + Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 fn Atfemative Action Equal Opportunity Employer» Amember of the State University System of FlovidaMLE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 16 of 28 APPENDIX B collected by Leica iCR7 Robotic Total Station as presented in figure 2. Tem 2 Fragments Human Remains - Os8¢0us Cache of Fragmentery Human Remains - Osseous Human Remains - Osseous (3 Isolated Teeth) Cache of Fragmentary (Ribs) Human Remains ~ Osseous Cache of Fragmentery Human Remains - Osseous Human Remains - Osseous (3 rib fragments) Black plastic bag and “shower curtain” Possible clothing ‘Cache of Fragmentary (Ribs) Human Remains ~ Osseous Cache of Fragmentary Human Remains ~ Osseous ‘Table 2: Dimensions in meters of Units A—V excavated in search of the remains for medical examiner case 20MM00197. Unit Dimensions a” ‘6m x 7m 8 3m x 7m, c 6m xm D ‘6m x 8m & 3m x 8m & ‘gmx 8m G ‘$mx8m H ‘mx8m { (corridortouffery 10m x 6m J eorridorfbuter) amx8m K (corridar/buter) 10mm x 7m L (eoridorbutTer) 6mxém M (corridocibutter) 4m xm N (corridorfoufTer) amxém 0 (comidor?butter) 4m x 8m P (corsidor/buffer) 4m x 8m Q (cortidor?butTer) 4m x 8m R (comridortoufTer) 4m x 8m S (corridor?buffer) 10m x 7m, T (corridorfbutfer) 6m x 4m U (cortidor/buffer) amx 4m LV (corridor?outfer) 19m x 3m. ‘Table 3: Soil temperature, moisture and pH data collected from each strata horizon of the comparison shovel test pit. Layer Depth of Sample Soll Temperature Soll Moisture Soap t Gem 126°C 243% 4al nt Bem 14sec 245% 491 uw em “9c 165% 535 Vv 43 .om, 158°C. 25% 5.12, (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239) 590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _httpi//cps.fgcu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South» Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565, ‘An Alfemative Action Equal Opportunity Employer» Amember ofthe State University System of lvidaM.E. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 17 of 28 Table 4: Soil temperature, moisture and pH data collected from underneath and the surrounding area of the cranium, “shower curtai “black plastic bag” and mandible for medical examiner case 20MM00197. Location Soil Temperature Soll Moisture. Soil pit ‘Surrounding cranium BC 19.7% 497 ‘Underneati cranium wae 124% 5.05 Surrounding “shower curtain/black plastic bag” 6c 20.8% 43 ‘Underneath “shower curtain/black plastic bag” 125°C 15.7% 5.3 ure 25.8% 430 10g 15.2% 492 Table 5: Overall mapping data for the si of excavation for Medical Examiner Case 20NIM00197. Tem Northing GPS ‘Westing GPS, Permanent Datum WN 32°20" 40.33" W 8? 49° 57.08" ‘North Electrical Pole N32 20" 41" W 87 49" 56” South Electrical Pole N32" 20" 39" W 80 49" 58" ‘Table 6: Overall mapping data measurements (in meters) of scene. Distance ‘Azimuth Wem 22.3.m '38°NE Permanent Datum to North Electrical Pole 3.60. 122°SE —_Permanent Datum to SBI GPS Stake 2m 333°NW Permanent Datum to Subdaturs 1 120m oN Subdatum 1 Wo Subdatum 2 530m 207° SW Permanent Datum to NW comer of Shovel Test 6.15 m 194° SW Permanent Datum to SE comer of Shovel Test Pit 449m 204" SW __ Permanent Datura to South Electrical Pole (239) 590-7821 TT¥:{239) 590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://cps.fgcu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South * Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565, ‘An Afficmative Action Equal Opportunity Employer © Amember of the State University System of FlxidaMLE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 18 of 28 Table 7: Measurements for skeletal elements discovered (in meters) at scene. North/South East/West __ Skeletal Element wih Corresponding Map Identifieation Numbers 7.10 mN 241 mE Cranium (Lambds) (8) 7.06 mN 247mE Cranium (Glabella)(8) 697mN 247 mE Cranium (Right Mastoid Process) (8) 541 mN 379mE Rib fragment(1) 3.45 mN O.77mE Fragmented Mandible (let) (6) 740mN 0.48 mW Rib fregment (10) L76mN 85mE Miscellaneous long bone fragment (3) 183 mN 190 mE ‘Miscellaneous long bone fragment (3) 926 mN 5.01mW Miscellaneous long bone fragment (16) 923 mN 499m W Miscellaneous long bone fragment (16) 9.40mN 5.14mW Center mass bone fragment (16) 643 mN 333mW Rib fragment (13) 6.23 mN 329mW Rib fragment (13) 607 mN 123mE Rib fragment (9) 6.08mN L13mE Rib fragment (9) 550mN O6SmE Rib fragment (7) SS7mN 0.60mE Rib fragment (7) 745mN 050mE Rib fragment (11) 082mS 270mE “Green” flag most east bone fragment (14) 092mS 247 mE “Green” fag most south bone fragment (14) 087 mS Om E “Green” fag — most west bone fragment (14) 079mS 2'50mE “Green” flag — most north bone fragment (14) 1.09m$ 2.10mE Black plastic bg containing “shower curtain” (Eas) (15) 1.20mS 1.89mE Bleck plastic bag containing “shower curtain” (Souxh) (13) 101ms 1.52mE Black plastic bag containing “shower curtain” (West)(15) 070m 179 mE Black plastic bog containing “shower curtain” (North) (15) 0.46mN 128mE Miscellaneous long bone fragment (21) 0.38mN 1.19mE ——_Miseetlaneous long bone fragment (21) OS7mS 127 mE Miscellancous long bone fragment (17) 250mS 2.60mW Possible Hair (19) 2.60mS 2.63 mW Possible Hair (19) 322mN 1.87 mE [solated tooth (5) 356mN 175mE Isolated tooth (5) BAI mN 1.60 mE Isolated tooth (5) HamN 658m W Miscellaneous long bone fragment (18) 2.96 mN 10.0mE Miscellaneous long bone fragment (4) 197mN 105m Cranium (lef maxilla posterior) (2) 198mN 10.4mE Cranium (lef maxila anterior) (2) sims 2.96mE Rib fragment (13) 090mS 3.05mE Rib fragment (13) 0.02mN 1.62mW_ —_Miscellancous long bone fragment (20) 3.64 nN, 183m W__Nonhumen Center mass (12) ‘Table 8: Location of positive hits identified by the human remains detector dog. Description ‘Northing GPS ‘Westing GPS "Nonhuman cranial fragment 1N32*20°41" W 87 49" 58" Western tee limit 1N32"20'42" WSBT 49" 59" Nonhuman cache of ribs 1N32"20°44" W837 49" 57" (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239) 590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://cps.facu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South * Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 |An Affemative Action Equal Opportunity Employer + Amember of the State University System of FloridaMLE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 19 of 28 Table 9: Skeletal Inventory for Medical Examiner Case 20MM00197. M=midline; B=both; Leleft; Reright; U-unknow 3 M . B : B : M : i B : M 3 fragments Lacrimal v : ‘Zygomatic L : Maxilla L : Palatine L : Mandible M : Ribs 1-12 B 5 eft ribs and 6 right ribs Humerus L : Ula L : Femur L : B : v Non diagnostic for siding Table 10: Dental inventory of the deciduous dentition for medical examiner case 20MIM00197.. “Tooth Arcade ‘Side Observations 367 Maxillary Le Fully rupted presented with broken root (found in isolation) S8e Maxillary Left —_Fally eropted presented with broken root (found in isolation) 59m! Maxillary Le Fully erupted presented with broken root (found in isolation) om? = Maxillary Le Fully rupted presented with broken rot (ound in isolation) 61m’ Mandibular Left Present and fully erupted 62m? Mandibular LeR Present and fully erupted 6e Mandibular Le Present and fully rupicd 69m! Mandibular Right Present and fully erupted om Mandibular jght_Present and fully rupted ‘Table 11: Dental inventory of the permanent dentition for medical examiner case 20MMo00197. Permanent Tooth Side ‘Observations 2 Right Incompletely developed rots (found in isolation) 7 Right incompletely developed roots (ound in isolation) 9 Left Incomplete roots (in erypt) 10 Let Incomplete roots (found in isolation) 4 Left Beginning to erupt 1s Left ‘Unerupted (in crypt) 9 Let Present and erupied 2 Let Incomplete root (in orypt) 4 Lent Incomplete root 25 Right Incomplete root 26 Right ___ Incomplete root (in eryp0) (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239) 590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://eps.fecu.edu 110501 FGCU Boulevard South * Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 ‘An affirmative Action Equal Opportunity Employer + Amember of the State Unversity Sratem of FloridaMLE, Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 20 of 28 Table 12: Results of the radiographic evaluation of the deciduous mandibular dentition for medical examiner case 20MM00197 in estimation of age (Moorrees et al. 1963). “Tooth Number Deciduous or Permanent Stage Mean Age ‘Age Range, 6 Deciduous Res % 5.0 years 3.9-6.1 years sa Deciduous Res 7.0 years 55-85 years 65 Deciduous Res % 54 yeas 42-65 yeas 68 Deciduous, Res 5.0 years 3.96.1 years 0 Deciduous Res 5.4 years 42-63 yeas, 70. Decidvous Res % 7.0 years 55-85 yous ‘Table 13: Results of the radiographic evaluation of the permanent dentition for medical examiner case 20MM00197 in estimation of age (Moorrees et al. 1963). ‘Tooth Number Deciduous or Permanent Stage Mean Age Age Rai 9 Permanent Res % 66 years 52-80 years 10 Permanent Res % 6.6 years 31-81 years B Permanent Res% 6.0 years 46-74 years 24 Permanent Res% ___6.2 years 50-75 “"Moorees etal. (1963) doesnot inclode age scores Tor esth 19 and 22. As such resus for these les was precluded fom tis table, ‘Table 14: Scoring of left mandibular permanent dentition following Demirjian et al. (1973) for medical examiner case 20MIM{00197. Tooth, Sta TM: WA LM) F LP c LPs D Le D Lt E Lh F Individual set total: 37.3 (239) 590-7821 TTY:(239) 590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://eps.fgcu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South * Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 [An Affirmative Action Equal Opportunity Employer + Amember of the State University System of FloridaMLE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 21 of 28 Table 15: Maximum diameters of pits and punctures resulting from animal scavenging for medical examiner case 20MIM00197. ‘Identifier Pitor Location Maximum Diameter a Inferior Cranium Ttmm 8 Pit Inferior Cranium Tom c Pit Inferior Cranium Umm D Pit Inferior Cranium Bam E i Pit Inferior Cranium 13mm F Pit Left Maxilla 4mm G Pit Left Maxilla run H Pit Left Maxilla 2mm 1 Pit Mandible 3mm 4 Pueture Right Frontal 6mm K Puncture Left Frontal 3mm C Puneture Left Orbital Margin 4mm M Puncture Left Maxilla 7mm N Puncture Left Maxilla Som ° Puncture Right temporal 10mm Pp Puncture LeR Temporal 12mm Q Puncture Left Temporal 1 mm (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239)590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http//cps.fgcu.edu 110501 FGCU Boulevard South * Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565, _An Affirmative Action Equal Opportunity Employer + Amember ofthe State University System of Florida‘MLE, Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 22 of 28 Figure 11: Overall photograph of the sk for medical examiner ease 20MM00197, Figure 12: Radiographs of the maxilla (left) and mandible (middle) and inferior view of the cranium at the spheno-oceipital synchondrosis highlighted by the red square (right) evaluated in estimation of skeletal age-at-death for medical examiner ease 20MM00197. ‘The blue arrows highlight the mamelons while the yellow arrows and circle indicate postmortem change resulting from animal scavenging (A — C).. 10501 FGCU Boulevard South * Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565, An aifematwe Action Equal Opportunity Emplayer + Amember ofthe tate Unwersty System of Farida | (235) 590-7821 TTY: (239) 590-1450 FAK: (239) 590-7842 _httpy//epsfacu.eduM.E. Case Number: 20MM00197 varuery econ T2348 8 7 re. 3. Dental maturt Figure 1: examiner ease 20MM00197 (from Demirjian Page 23 of 28 oe ON Eo ST 0 fare ty percentiles (7 tooth). centile chart with a red arrow depicting the maturity percentile for medical 1973). comet Figure 14: Anterior view of the mandible wit the permanent maxillary first molar with cret (235) 590-7821 _ TTY: (239) 590-1450 10501 FGCU Boulevard South ‘a altemativ Action Equal Opportunity Employer ineisor mamelons (left) and occlusal ulations (wrinkles) and the Carabelli's cusp. FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://eps.igcv.edu + Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 + Amember of the State University System of FridaM.E, Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 24 of 28 roof presenting with evidence of cribra orbitalfa (right), anterior ment maxillary left central incisor (left) and deciduous maxillary left canine (right). The red arrows highlight the LEH and the enamel pit. Figure 16: Overall photograph of the reconstructed skull for medical examiner ease 20MM100197. Note the postmortem scavenging pit on the mandible labeled I. (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239) 590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://cps.fgcu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South + Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565, ‘An affimnative Action Equal Opportunity Employer + Amember ofthe Stata University System of Florida| MAE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 25 of 28 Figure 17: Macroscopic photographs of the left frontal process (left) and the left orbital margin (right) highlighting animal scavenging punctures K and L, Figure 18: Anterior view of the left maxilla presenting with two punctures (M and N) and three conical pits (F —H) (left) and the mastoid process of the left temporal bone presenti with two punctures (P and Q) (right) for medical examiner case 20MM00197. (239) 590-7821 TTY: [239)90-1450 FAX: (238) 590-7842 _http://cps facu.edu 110501 FGCU Boulevard South + Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 fn Alrmative Action Equal Opportunity Employer + Amember ofthe State Univesity System of FridaMLE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 26 of 28 Figure 19: Anterior view of the left humerus presenting with a scalloped margin (left) the left ribs (right) presenting with crushing on the vertebral and sternal ends as highlighted by the red cireles. ce Figure 20: Phatograph of the deer skeletal remains (n = 6) found along County Road 44 and in close proximity to the shovel test pit. (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239) 590-1450 FAK: (239) 590-7842 _httpy//eps.fecu.edu 10801 FGCU Boulevard South + Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 ‘a Atirmative Acton Equal Opportunity Employer + Amrember af the State Univesity Sytem of FloridaMLE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 27 of 28 LITERATURE CITED Buikstra J, and Ubelaker D, editors. 1994. Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains, Fayetteville: Arkansas Archeological Survey. Demigjian A., Goldstein H., and Tanner J. M. 1973. A new system of dental age assessment. Human biology, 21\-227. Gill, G., and Rhine, S. (1990). The Skeletal Attribution of Race (No. 4). Maxwell Museum of Anthropology. Mann, R. W., Bass, W., & Meadows, L. (1990). Time since death and decomposition of the human body: variables and observations in case and experimental field studies. Journal of Forensic Science, 35(1), 103-111. Megyesi M.S., Nawrocki S..P, and Haskell, N. (2005). Using accumulated degree-days to estimate the postmortem interval from decomposed human remains. Journal of Forensic Science $0(3):618-26. Moffatt C., Simmons T., Lynch-Aird J. 2016. An improved equation for TBS and ADD: Establishing a reliable postmortem interval framework for casework and experimental studies. Journal of Forensic Sciences 61(1): 201-207 Moorrees C. F., Fanning E. A., and Hunt Jr E. E, 1963. Formation and resorption of three deciduous teeth in children, American Journal of Physical Anihropology,21(2), 205-213. Moorrees C. F., Fanning E. A., and Hunt Jr E, E, 1963. Age variation of formation stages for ten permanent teeth. Journal of dental research, 42(6), 1490-1502, Munsell A. H. 1975, Munsell soil color charts: Munsell color. Pokines JT; and Higgs N. 2015. Macroscopic Taphonomic Alterations to Human Bone Recovered from Marine Environments, Journal of Forensic Identification 65(6):953-984. Savita J. K., Kumar B. Y., and Mamatha N. S, 2017. Teeth as age estimation tool in children and adolescents. Journal of Medicine, Radiology, Pathology and Surgery, 4(4), 12-15. Scheuer L., Black S., and Cunningham C. 2000. Developmental juventle osteology. Academic Press. Scheuer L.. Black S,, and Cunningham C, 2016. Developmental juvenile osteology: Second edition. Academic Press. Scientific Working Group for Forensic Anthropology (SWGANTH) Sex Assessment, 2010. Retrieved from httos:/Awww. forensic-science/anthropology-subcommittee. (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239)590-1450 FAX: (239) $90-7842_http://cps.fgcu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South * Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565 ‘An affirmative Action Equal Opportunity Employer * Amember ofthe State University System of FloridaMLE. Case Number: 20MM00197 Page 28 of 28 | Shirley N. R., and Jantz R.L. 2011. Spheno-Occiplital Synchondrosis Fusion in Modem Americans. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 56(3), 580-585. doi:10.1111/.1556- | 4029.2011,01705.x . | Ubelaker D. H. 1999. Human skeletal remains: Excavation, Analysis, Interpretation, 3. Walker PL, Bathurst RR, Richman R, Gjerdrum T, and Andrushko VA. 2009. The causes of | pordtic hyperostosis and cribra orbitalia: a reappraisal of the iron-deficiency-anemia hypothesis. Am J Phys Anthropol 139(2):109-125, (239) 590-7821 TTY: (239) 590-1450 FAX: (239) 590-7842 _http://cps.fgcu.edu 10501 FGCU Boulevard South * Fort Myers, Florida 33965-6565, [An Afcmative Action Equal Opportunity Employer + Amember of the Sate University System of lidaRedaction Log ‘Total Number of Redactions in Document: 23 Redaction Reasons by Page Redaction Date: 12/1/20209:07:49 AM Page Reason Description ‘Occurrences Marsys Law The public records provision of "Marsy’s | Law" has been invoked by the victim in this case, Please refer to Article I, Section 16, Florida Constitution - "Rights of Accused and of Victims" for more information. Marsys Law The public records provision of "Marsy's Law’ has been invoked by the victim in this case. Please refer to Article I, Section 16, Florida Constitution - "Rights of Accused and of Vietims’ for more information. Marsys Law The public records provision of "Marsy’s Law" has been invoked by the victim in this case, Please refer to Article L Section 16, Florida Constitution - "Rights of Accused and of Victims" for more information. u Marsys Law The public records provision of "Marsy’s Law" has been invoked by the victim in this case. Please refer to Article I, Section 16, Florida Constitution - "Rights of ‘Accused and of Victims” for more information, 13 Marsys Law The public records provision of ‘Marsy’s Law" has been invoked by the victim in this case. Please refer to Article I, Section 16, Florida Constitution - "Rights of Accused and of Victims” for more information. Marsys Law The public records provision of "Marsy’s Law has been invaked by the victim in this case. Please refer to Artiele I, Section 16, Florida Constitution - Rights of ‘Accused and of Victims’ for more information. 22 Marsys Law The public records provision of "Marsy's Law’ has been invoked by the victim in this case. Please refer to Article |, Section 16, Florida Constitution - "Rights of Accused and of Vietims’ for more information. 29 Marsys Law The public records provision of "Marsy’s Law’ has been invoked by the victim in this case. Please refer to Article I, Section 16, Florida Constitution - "Rights of Accused and of Victims" for more information.Redaction Log Redaction Date: 12/1/20209:07:49 AM Page Reason Description ‘Occurrences 30 Marsys Law The public records provision of "Marsy’s| Law" has been invoked by the victim in this case. Please refer to Article I, Section 16, Florida Constitution - "Rights of Accused and of Victims” for more information. 31 Marsys Law The public records provision of "Marsy’s| Law has been invaked by the victim in this ease, Please refer to Article I, Section 16, Florida Constitution - "Rights of Accused and of Victims” for more information, 32 Marsys Law The public records provision of "Marsy’s Law" has been invoked by the victim in this case. Please refer to Article I, Section 16, Florida Constitution - "Rights of Accused and of Vietims! for hore information. 33, Marsys Law The public records provision of "Marsy’s Law’ has been invoked by the victim in this case. Please refer to Article I, Section 16, Florida Constitution - "Rights of Accused and of Victims" for more information.. Redaction Date: 12/1/2020 9:07:49 AM Redaction Log Redaction Reasons by Exemption ot Pages Reason Description et 15) (7) xy ‘The public records provision of ‘Marsy's | 11(2) Law! has been invoked by the victim inthis. | 15(2) Marsys Law fle L Section 16, | 2211) Rights of Accused | 29(2) and of Victims" for more information. ay 32(2) 332)