1 tronic engineering

•

cond Year

., •

v .~ ·.pnnnt Unit 'b·~'frQr_i Un.

r inin

01 01 01 U11 01 01

·1 (WO K . .),HfJI' I I A'" lie )C 1 01,

IA I ,Gil NICI/JII,

N IN - Ii, n.~IO, LE

MOOUL VA'b'U r;:

1.G

0:;" 0'11 01

rn 01 01 '01 en n1

rAtl~"'1(WO r.. H(J~ 'I A('TI .. )01

- II

J1

1. iJ (;1

1.'~

r 11 ( 1 02

01

so Hours

AE

Area A
B
C
0
D
E
F
G
H . E2-1

(02 Hours per Week)

Partial Fractions

The Remainder TtJeo're'm and the F'aeter Thecrern Matri'ces

Complex Numbers,

The Binomia~ Expans:iton Differe:ntial~ CalculilJI tl,nteglralt Callculus Numerical,l illntegration

[)li He ren t,i all Equa~i,ons

ALGEBRA

A PA!RTIAL IFRACTI,ONS

, . Undsrstand that all algebr,2Jiic fraction tOln be Stelpara~tedl in~ot ilts Ellppr1o'pnate' partial frac . ens Identify a si,mlple ,a~gebr~dc fr,ac't~olrJl wh,osli: nomerator is, of lesser degree than the degre,e 0" tnedenomiin,;b:J,r.

Gilven an al'ge'br.aiC' 'fracUon whose numerator [15! Df higher deglri'e than tMat 0 denomil.f"ll2l,"o[r, ,canv1ert Itl Into a simple adgebraic 'fratC:Uon by means or long dl' 15,on GtlVl!n s,n G,I'g,etlll",a,iC fra[e~ion or the type:

(Ii}. f(.) (in '(x) (iii). '()

t( .. ~ a) (X ~ b), f - a} ( ~ b) , a (# -

express it in 'their apprcpnate partial fracllolil arms.

h a

Obtain p;Entlal ractions t'or an algebraic

a or

s me as or 'n Ighar th n the deg ree 0 n _ enern natcr

nevisea forma r for r;mof readmg & edltmg

THEOREM AND TH'E FACTOR THIEOR'EM of a polynomial divides ilt perfectly.

three main components 'in a longl division to be the dividend.. the divisor and

if (x-a) is a factor of a polynomial then the vah..l,e' satlsfles the po~ynomia~.

:'DIIll'frI ....... long division with two alg,ebraic functions.

Identify the remainder to be a, function of the deglree one less than that of the dvisor.

Establish the relationship, P(x) = lO(x) Q(x),-tR(x)

Show that if O(x) is of the form (x-a) then R ~ P(a)

State the remainder theorem by se'Uing up the theory on, workedexamples. .. Explain that if P(a) : 0 than {x-a) is, a factor of P(x)

State the factor theorem by s,etting up the theory on examples.

Solve problems involving the remainder theorem and ~he tactor theorem,

C MATRICES

1. Know that a matrix is a rectanguillar array ot numbers,

2. Understand that a system of linear equatlons can be represented by means of a matrix equation.

3. Recognize determinants.

4. Solves system of equations by u:s,!,ng matrix and determinants method.

Decide the order of a matrix by means of the number of its rows and columns. Define the square matrix.

Obtain accurately the ,addition and subtraction of two 2x2 matrices. Calculate accurately ~he product of two 2x2 rnatrices,

Multiply a given matrix by a real number.

Demonstrate that the matrix product is non-cornrnutative. State the condition for the equality of tw·o matrices, Define

a The mull rnatrix b The Unlit rnatrlx

Recognize the netanon fOlr the determlnant of a matrix. Evaluate properly 2x2 and 3x3 determinants ..

Define the singular matrix.

Solve a system of equations 'Wlith two unkn,owns using determinants, Define the minor and the cofactor of an ,element of a square matrbc. Given a matrix, obtain its transpose.

na6 .... ;.,-jI"lIA adjoin matrix of a given square matrix,

__ of a 2x2 matrix .

.. _lam of equations with two unknowns using matrices.

IIU!~ NUJIERS

(.~~t{1"_.1d the necessity of extending the number system in order to include the square

.... of negative numbers.

Be aware of the phasors and their representation on an Argand diagram.

Define J as - 1

State that a complex number is a sum of a real part and an imaginary part Determine the complex roots of a q uadratic expression when Its discrim~nation

J If---4ac is negative.

Perform the division of complex numbers.

Define the conjuQ'ate of complex number ~nargebra form. Perform the division of comphex numbers.

Represent a comp~ex number on an Arglon diag,ralm.

Show that the addition and the subtr:2Iction of complex numbers on an Asigon diagram fs simirerto those operations of vectors and hence it may be represented as a phase'.

Deduoe that when the operator mLJI1'tip~ies a phase' it is rotated thtough 90 anttdockwise.

Define U'e p(JI~alr form of a comlpJ,e'x numcer as r(loos91 ... j sinE!) where r is the

modulus ,olf it ,andJa~ 'b? ts the argume,nt (amIIPUlude).

AbbrevIa~e r (cos-] s,in,e) as r;

Stat,e de' Morre ,8 'theorem.

Convert complex numbers from Si,lgebraic formto pollarform and vice versa. Dets'rm;ne the squ2In:r: roots of a compl~,e'x Ii"1IlJmbt!r.

SoJ've re~e\'llnlt pnlld~ca,1 p,robre,ms, USh11Q the above theolry.

D THE BINOMIAL EXPANSION

1. Know that Pasc;I~'s ,tn nil· u... - _ -c • .' •

U. _. _. . .. _a, gie IS ILII!e b;s~c for U18: BmomJiI~ I@!XpanS,lm'1I.

2. _ nderstand' tha r tn,e e~nomjal ,ex·· cc. .' -. f _ ,_, _. '. _. _ . _ .. .

- - - - pal1sro,n arms the theory for e~nlmatJng app roxlma te la %

of numbers h" h _. . _ ~

. , t W re an~' g'wen ~n comp~ica,ted forml,

EstabrfSh tne Pa's-I"- I~ . 1-· -I

- - _ ., _ - -- ..... a~ :Ii l~nanQ: II! by expand;ng (1 +)l) ,and (1 +x),

Expand bjnom I I· f . . - . _ . .

. _ la 5 o ~he power of slmaU In~l~gers by using the Pascaf~s triang1e

method,.

ReVs);Ui!!:d fo'r-milt far proof read.ing & edir::!oy by expanding expressions of form (a+x)" when n lsa

for small, posmve ilntegers, n.

_mat form for the binomial coeffic~9'n~s when n itS a positive integ,er. ra:D~!lI"I'I~rni.1I1 theorem for negaUve and fraG~~anal, values, of n, _lrBnlaeof values of x for whi,ch the series Is ,e::OIl1V'Brgent

~1YI1~ the theorem evalluste ap,prro'Ximate vallues such as 1,.03, correct to ,D\>':I'I.l:Il'IIli\~"'r of decimals.

ml:lliate small errors o,f mea,sure,ments I by using the ~heore,m.

LCULUS

liftfira';"'" derivatives of sums, products and qluolients ,of fun.ctions,. am~INI"V1le second derivative.

'fI .. I\:"_fA: dIfferential calcullUs to solve, engineerilng, prob1Iem,s.

.. Determine the first and the seccnd der~vati\les of polynomiat I,oglarithmic, trigonometric and exponel1lti,a,1 functions,.

- State the product rule. the quotient rule and the cha.n rule.

- Apply the above th,r,ee rules, 'to functions 'of singl,€! varlable,

.. Formulate potential difference equations for 'res~stors and inductors using a ,giver current equation.

Calculate tne poten1i.al difference across a resistor ,and an inductor fOIF a giver time using the equations formulated above.

IiE~RJu. CALCULUS

~m18arate simple functions using the ptinc:mple g,f revers,S!, di'ff,ersl1ttaUon.

__ ~_.. ..... ".. .... the appropriate methods, for integ,iraUngl more complex functlons.

.. Integrate simple al'gebraic" 'Iogari,thmic" e,xponential and triglonometric function using a standard table o,f integl,r,al:s.

Use the most approp:riaite meth,od! for integrating a given cOlrnplex fundi,on, lout c the methods of

a Partial fraction.

b Substitution1

By parts

Appreciate having an a,rbitrary constant for an integrat'ed indefinite ~lntegral.

luate definite integra~s accurately.

" form integration li.m~ts SO 35 tOI malke the process more corwenlent.

Revised

~~I"'II~nON

iltiC81 integration methods can be appU,ed when 't is, not poss,ible '~O evaluate

.,....;.;iI!iie ..... integration.

numerical integration methods as means of ilntegra.tilon when thl9 expresskln

Of x is too compHcated for direct i,ntegretion.

Derive the trapezoidal and mid .. ordinate rules.

Derive the Simpson's rule Qver two intervals.

Deduce the general form of S~mpson's rule over an even number Qf equa[

intervals.

Evaluate definite integrals using above-mentioned rule's. Determine answers to a des,ired accuracy.

H DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

1. Understands that differential equatlcns,

2. Solve first order differential eq uatio ns,

3. Solve second order differential equations.

Distinguish between first order and second order dl'fierenti,a'i equatlons. Find the 'genera.1 solution to the diffe,rential,equation of t'he type.

s. Variable sepEuablte~

b. Homogeneous equations,

c. Linear equations Define boundary oonditions.

Find a, particu~ar solutilOn to. tti,e d.~ffere:ntia,1 equaUon o,f the type m,e'ntianed above.

Qiven boundary conditions.

O'erive' differential, equations of the type menUonedi above. from engilneering problems,

Solve the differ,ential eq uatlons derived from ,e:ngineering probI1e'm,s. Solves,iimple second order djfferent'ial,equCI,tilons.

I THE LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION

1. Understand that the Laplace t~ansformation can be used to convert ,8 calculus equation to an algebraic. eq uaU n.

2. Be ,aware of that the integral functions only can be tran,sform,ed by u~h"gl this method,

3. K

now that a transformed function the a:lgebraic domain can be brQUiglnt back to '~he Ccdculus

domain by the .nverse Laplace tr.ans,formation .

Identtfylhe symbol for the Laplace tr.lSU'lsfotm.atihj,n as Define[f(t)] as the i'ntegral

-"

Revised format for proof reading 8: editing bitt,,," for the fUndamental functi,ons such as 'K(a

of La,place tran,sformation such as

(change of scale theorem), (ffrst shift theorem)

7W!' •. ~~.~ll",Jter'l!leS of Laplace transfOfmatiCln s,o,lv~ng· I'lroblems.

~.-- .... ,

HUIII p~r problems by usi,ng Lilp~ace' transfOrml!5i,ti,otll.

rlildUlS1I' .. Technician .~_r:tI'Cl.nlC engineering

Electrical Principles - tI

E2-2

Module Value

01

60 Hours

Assessment Method

AE

Aim of the module

The subject is a to Electrical) P'rin·cip,les , of N. C. T F'irst year course and provtdes an understandtng 'on electrica~ Clrcui,t. theorems, a_dditional theory of singlih! phas,e and ~hree 'phase systems and the principlesa,n pract'ipes of liglh!ing.

Special Notes:

Unit topic Al'iea

A B C D

CitoUiU Th'l!orems,

Sringlle Phase A C. cilrcuits Thre,s Phase SuppHes UllJlminaUon and Electric la,mps

1'01 18 2,0'

A CIRCUIT TH:EOIREMS

1. Und - rstands Ciircuit TheOlrems

1.1. states Tfle-veninis 'theorem

1..2.,

SOIIv<es silrnpJe problems ursini!;} Thevenin~s the'l1lrem States NO'J1Qn~s theorem

1.3. 1.4. 1.,P,. , .6.

BOliVie'S s~mpille pJ'1t)ble:ms ufsinrg Norton's

8,tat~sl and laprprJire's maXimum power 'transfslr 'Imheolrem 'for reslistilVrl! Ilcad:s

EXPlains the ooMuclion referred to as "Resistance Matching" and examples of Ws spplic-ations.

:;'<r.r.,._E A. C. CllRCUITS

Resonance and Power ,Fa:cm"f apP!lirad to parailiel circuits.

the CQndUJons for ,~esonanae· lin, ,eI p,srallel circuit wi,'th t, and R ~n one branch aline,

~ID"llJes the #ormula f~r th'~' paral~e,1 resonance !r,equency, "_.,lJPlldrifJl~dllIII: Q~fac,tor as the current ma9Inwfi£a~icn for 1the .circuit 2.1 Oeflnes the banf!l with

Expralns the effect of' va,riaUon lOW compOfuant vallurn upon band with

Draws response curves of simple coupled tuned cilr,mits Cescrl'bes the E!'ffec1: ,of valri,a~on ,o~f (loupling upon lr'9sr.u:m~e,. Oescnbes the effeot 0" vat~1atiof1i of coupUng: up to respeose.

Determines the powe,r ,cHs,slpa,ted in 81 serlea ccrnbtnates of inch.Jc~ive :3ind coalctive

.

Impedance.

Determines the po,wer di:s.slip,a~ed in ~M10 bJ"~nd IP,~rane~ circuit with C 1n one branch and only (a) (b) L-iR. (c) R: in the other

• Explains how the pow'er~t:a,Cb;)lr may be imp,roved use s'tai1c capacitors .

.,.~~~ PHASE SUP,PUES

f.Il!lr1[ff.l_ the basic prinelples of three~pha5~ sy~tem's

States the needftl'r star and d1el~a ,oonnectk;llrllS of power dis,tribu~ion, Performs oa'lcuJatlorns concerned withl

Vp =: VL Ip ;;,)3 IL (U). I p = I L. V P ~ ,J3 Vb

'fo,r a ,deUa oonnection an:d fera stair conn~,o~ron

States thsltthe PQwe,r dissipated inl a three phase h),ad is ~fU3' sum of U1e single phase powers and that thepowe:r ~n iii ba~anc€d three pha:s'e load ls 3 Vp Ip ccnnectlons, Me&sure:s powe!lr ino'81]anc:ed and unbahanced thrrr,ee pin as e· loads using one I two and three watl meters"

Draws phasor cUagr\Slms to' ~den,tify th'e term's systematic and balanced.

!lo:ell'tCWve by phasor d~a&J!,r,a,rms tha[ the sum of line or phase currents ,in 81 ba I allrl cedi illfaJlIAt,.m Js zero

pharos diserslms to explal~n normal~ anid revers,€! phase rc'~a~~on, neutral curre:nlt ~n 9: 5,lmp~~ I.mOO,lanlcied' line system

:1Ii1CWS by phasor di,s,gra:ms that ,c~r(tuilatir11g vOUalQ€l ~wlce Une volil2lge ~n ani incorrect IGIltO delta systelm.

Revised format for proof reading & editing

ILLUMlINIi.. ON AND ELECTRICAL LAMPS

. Understand the units and principles associated wifh U~umJnation and the construcfion of

electric lamps.

4.1 Understands the terms Luminous Flux and, Lum'inous ilntens,ity.

4.2. Defines lumen, lux and candle power

4.3. Explaln the term's iUumiinance~ tuminanc:e~ utmz:ati,on taetor, Maintenance' faetor, space,

high ratio.

4.4. Dis,tingulsh betw'e'e,n IRefiecti,on. Absorp;tion T~ans'mlii.ssl~lon and Glare.

4,.5. Calcu[atie the ili:lumlinatiOlnl at ,ta point

4.,6. o eterml ne {h,e effective UlumjnatilQln of a room,

4.1', Determ,t,ne the rating:s ,and, number of II,am!ps 'folf' a I,l'ghting: schen1e when the

iUuminaUon required and the area are 'gilv1en.

4.8. D'islinguis'h between Hilglh te'm:;::u5ratunaj flu,on!s,cent ,and (325. disoh,au"ge type,s of 'lamps.

4.9. IExplatn the cQnstructi,on 'of incandesoent tamps ..

4.10. States and des,cri:be differe,nrt types, o,f mnca:nd'esc~nt Ilamp~. 4.111. Explain the eff:ects Q'f 'Vo,ltage variation an. IIncandescent Ilamps. 4.12.. 'De!cr~bes the dRfer,ent typt!9 of lamp caps.

4.13,_ IOesLc:ribe the IQP1eratmon o,f ,gl,2tS dlis,c:harg'8 lamp,s"

4.14. Exp'l,a'in the cpelrat~Qn of fJuQlreS,C1ent lamps,.

,4.1Q. Expla.n stroboscoptc effect

4.16. E:xp~ain the B,naei',of V'oi,ta'g:e variation on fluQresc,errit II:amps.

4..1,7. Explain the different types of tr0ubl,e shc)otiM,g and 'thek causes ,o,f fI!'Uore$leent i:amps;.

I,

I u trl I T chnlcii,-n

trenle Engln, ,rln-

01

o Hours

To dev 'Iop 3, knowl dg'e' of tne fundamentals of electrrorucs and communic t,ion ngln, elring.

A 'Mafilufacture~s CataSheeJ'ts

B Power AmpUfiers

C Feed 13k Amlplifi,ers,

'D Q'SCillli 'tors

E NO'i's,e

F SWitching Mode P'ower Suppr~y

m nUf cturer's d ta $'1"1 ets t select _ pprepn - 'Ie devices 'or' - i ,i d

main parametars of

'V cas with rspl -t ~ , ::·'RIIM.,f~ sp cific lions

UrIIlWII. circuit dtagram of a single - ended class A Power amplifier with a resis~ toad and explains the primary functions of the main components In the circuits. Writes expra slcns for average power and over,al!! effidency of this ampl'ifler. Unders nds the principles of operation of push - pun amplifiers. Ide'nl fies rrain '

given circuit diagrams:

(I). The basic push-pul:1 circuits using centre- lapped trs,lnsformers at the CU1pUlas phase invertors and ilrnpedanlc,e melt'ch,~ng re'spe,ctivE!'ly'.

2.6. Sketches circuits of typicall push -puU trcms,istor ,ilmpUfha,rs with:

VoU ge di~ider bi s

b Temlperatuni compensated blas,

2.7. Sketch,es elreults of the f:ollibwing type'6of pha~Hi!lI Ilm<l'e,liors used In tra,nsis~r ampUfiers: a lrans'former pr,taleUa inViilrbJlriS

b Cascade phasl8 lillllv,srtiOrs

e SpllU Ic,ad phase invert~rs

Describes, th lOP: raUolns taf alill the-'cilfil::Ui'tS idanUfled f,f,o'm4,.1 te,4.,3 . C,akula,tes ,.,fflci,endes, o'f elias,s !I. ASi cm,d B am,plinelrs.

Ex'p:laln ~he opsra'ti,on of e~lass C~ O~SlSS D I :emldcl,8iss E ampHfie,rs"

NDta: For above a,mpun fa ,e'xpl,ain 'the ~:mactlcalll appli'c8I'tions

C FE,ED BA'cIK, AMP'IU'FIEIRS

3.1 "

25

2.8.

. 9. 2.10.

3.2. 3.3" 3.4.

3.5.

9 of both dlscra component and Integrated ClrCUj

- .

, I

Draw block d'I,E)lgnam or an almlpll~flers wiitih fe'sd back Defines posiitj:ve and nlega~ivel ~e,ed b'!icl<,

States thal[ Q1alin wi'~h ,rlIegletiv'!i ~elidl blillck I~S AI IHB,A

E~p,la'ln.s the efr ots, of epP,lyin -I nel _ ",- _ _, _ 1 _ ..

9 Q!iWves felled bl:u=k 'l10 'eil,EJilmIP,IUi:er IS relation t,o

: (1" lin '

b. . G_llln staib ~~'ly

e IS Il1d w d,'th

Ols,torUcn and nalsa Ilnp,u~ and cutnul't ii'!!l'Ihi'!!!!_, d' c

"'" '- 1111'1 ... ...., ,an'ce

Condll'tions 'folr 81' blllty -

Revised formiat 'far pr(;Jof reatJing a edit.ing stage tran~dstor or ep, amp. Circuit wi,th negative feedb;;:u5k and

CJ n in p ut and out put resl stan ee of vol~aQle~H~ ries I vol:tag,e - '$hu nt, tff_&:ll!iiCI~C! and Qurrent shunt feedback.

E NOISE

5.1. Applies basic concept gfei!ad:r~cal nQis~ arid lts re'!tJth/'e tosigln.el s:trength.

5.2. Define noise as an unwan~ed s;i,gl!"l,at.

5.3. Usts and explains sources, of nid:is,!Z:

5.4. Identities precautions, taken ~o mini:rrlli~e th€! 'effe,cEs of ~xter:na'i noise,

5.5. Define stgnal to rno:j:s.e rcU~o ,d' an empmi®'r of e::d~lmal noise.

5.6. Carculate s,i'gnai to' nlai:se ratiol in GUS~'S gi'v~n us t'iois€ POW'€f,.

F SWITCHING MODE POWER SUPPLY

6.'. Describes the basic eonc9r.:>t 01 a. swi~eh r~Slu:laitor and desorihetha advantage over

the service voltage ~gullation.

Revised format for proof reading & editmg

LIST OF PRACTICALS - ANALOGUE ELECTRONICS II

1. Constructs the circuit of a low frequency two stage class A transistor amplifier on a breadboard and :-

Ell Measure voltages at the electrodes of the transistors

b Determine the gainl frequency response curve for this amplifier over the audio frequency rage.

e Observe the effects 'of removing emitter by pass capacitors fromth,e

d Apply a sine wave s,ignal of 1 kHz at 'the input and ~ncrease the ampli1ude of this signal while observin,g on a duall beam, osd~'loscope. Until the output just starts clilpping. Determine [he gain oflhe arnpllfler ineach s:ta!Q'e and iI,!lso the 0,'1'8'1"2111 gain.

e Wh~le 'keeping the ~np'Ut s:ignsil una~t_ered change the bias, at the base of any

- .

transistor and report the, observaUom;, made on the 'olscinosoope.

(f). Determine the input impedance and the loutput imp,edance of this amp~lif1er.

2. Constructs the circuit of a I,ow power complementary pair transistor power ampllifier having ,a

preamplifier and a dlri'ver stage.

a Measure vo:ltages at the electrodes of the translstors.

b Observe how cross over di:stomon [S' leliminated.,

c Obse:nJ'11!; the effects, of negati!ve feedback on this 8Im,pJifie'r.

,0 Determline the effici'ency"o,f 1i'1lis arnpnfler,

3. Constructs on a breadboard, L,JIsing operatlonal arn,p~if1,el'"S the, foUo'Wing circuits.

An inVlertfng amplifier

ii A non invertIng ,arTlpl:ilfie'r Ij~ An invertmng adder ..

4 Construc~s allow voftage d. Ie power supply using a 'bridge rectifier having a series voJtag6

regulator using an ,emirttler folil,ower and a pass trans,istor on a breadboard.

a Measure Be and de voltilges of this power SlllllPP~Y at given specific points, b Obsente ae and de wav,e formsa't s,pecific, points; using an oscmoscope.

c Observ'e the effeCts on the ripple v,ollitalge ,as the Ioads v8lry.

Revised format: tor proof reading & editiRB .8]~lOI,al Certificate in Industrial Technician

Electrical and EI,ectr,onic Eng,ineering

Module No

E2-4

Digital elecfronics - n

Module Value

01

60 Hours

(02 Hours per Week)

Assessment M~thod

AE

Unit topic Area

A Counter's

B Logical Ci,rcuit famines

C Interfacing toglwe Famines o Ti,me Div1sion MUI~iipllexing,

E Digits'l To ,Anarlogue Convert,sr's and Analogue To Digital

Converter's

A COUNTER'S

1. A Counting Circuit is the s.imphe~st form do s:equ,entiali ci,rcuiitS, which is most wIdely used in

digital systems. The counting ci~uits arecomposed, of memQry elsrnents sueh as, flip - 'flops

and combinational s~emen1s such as Logic Qlates.,

1,1. Gxplain the following operations in detall

a ASYNCHR.ONOUS OPERATION and b SYNCHRONOUS OPERA T10N

Draw the re~uired timing diagram for each type.

1.2. Explain the fonowing Asllnchronou5. counter operati.ons

a A three bit asynchronous counter in detail

b Asynchronous down counter

c Asynchronous decade counter

Revised form~t far proof reading 11 ed'lt~ng

ch count r listed above.

ynchronou count r d sign method. Show th n C'9S,S ry steps.

n how to design the following synohronous counters.

o sign 8 3- bit sy'nchronous counter

b 08 I n 3- bit binary UP/DOW N counter

• •

Comp res

C nd CMOS count r circu~ts and dev'ce's ln terms of their speed of

opef tlon nd output ,conflgur 't'on.

1.6. Expl In th ppUc lions of counten •.

B LOGICAL CIRCUIT FAMIUES

2. AU modern dig.t I syst ms ut lit'ies dl'gita,t Inb:!Jgr,a'ted cllrcuits,! because they rssult ~n 'increase,

in r U biUty nd 11 ductlon in w !ight and size.

2.1. Explain the operanon and sketche'5 the clilrcuj,t,$ o'f a TTL

a NAND

b NOR

c INVERTER

.2. e pl,ain the Qlpra't'on and s:ket,ches th'i!' ,ci'rcuUs o'f a CMIO,S

a NAND glale

b NOIR ,gab;)

c INVERTER

2.3. S,k,et,ch,es lhe clrcult of an emiUer - ooupled loglle: O"RlNO'R gate, and desorib€!,th,e its

opelr tlon,

2.4. Exp:ha,ln ~he openilHon and sketches the ~2L c:ir,cuil'ts,~ ~nd Ust 'thel ,SlippUo21'tl,on 10lf the I L

o~rcui,ts.

2.5" C,ompars, TT'L and CMOS gates, in terms ,af powBr d~s~,~p,a'tilon, sup'PII'Y ~e'qldr€!'ments,

and ,comp It,iblU'ly.

c 'IINT'E'R:FAC,'IN'G L,O'GII'C F'AMlII'L~E.S,

3r. lin ~~'ili,s 5E1,cUoln I the 'in 'f'elr f2lJc~ng of TTl ,end CIM'OS, tog,~c Idev11C1l9S lSI Icons~delred.

3.1 . IExpllaln why W,! ne'edtlh,8 '1111'NTERFAC,'1 NGi" f'olr iag,ii'cfam,IIUe.s.

,3.2. ex~la~n 'the lopar2l'tlon of CMlO~S tOI TTII... IlntelrfaC'I'n~.

3.:3. E,)(P,II In th cp- ra'th:ln err TTL to CMIO,S lntsr1facing,

,3A. Exp'IIElln 'the cp'llratlon c,f LAMIFV ILEO Inte;[rfa!cdng

3.5. 'Ex,pla~n 'the olpe'rat~ol1 of W"IRE:'D ~ AND' Inte1rFa1cl:ng

Revised format for proof reading & editing

operation of Multiplexing and complexity.

4.1.

de mullipllexing in order to Ir,eduoe circuit cost and

State that the multinlexed acts 11·lke - I d· I .1> - WII -, •••

. ... - " e a 11QI'l!11llilY controlled! ImUUI position sWI~ch hers

the digital! eeoe applied to the select inp,uls ccntrol whmcn data will be s - itched to.he output.

4.2. Draw the logical diagl'rSlm of a 2 ilnput

b 4 input

c 1<6 input mrultiplier and explain it's 'operation. 4.3. Verity 3.2 using muiU,pleXler IC~s,

4.4. Explain the application of mulrtiplier in a Da,ta routing

b Data Ss'llection

c Operation sequences

4.5. Perform the experiments r,e~ated te 4.4 usmng multirlplier

4.6. Stat'le the function of a Demultjllpl,exer as a diglitally controUed mum posiion swHc' in

which the select ilnpurt code' determines to which output DATA input -"II be' transmitted.

4.7. Dtaw Ihe liogw,ca,~ diagram of a one Ilmne to ,eight Dernuitlplaxar and IExplain it's ,operation.

4.8. Explain the appllcaticn 'of rnulnplexer and IDe'mUl~tipl€xer to a 'security rnoni oring system,

E DIG'IT AL TO ANALOGUE CONVERTER"S, AND ,ANAJl.'OGUE TO DIGITAL CQNVERTERtS,

5.1. Exp'l,ain the principal of IEncoding and Decodingl.

5.2. Expllain the operation ot BCD to seven segment decoder 1 driver and explain orrn

"SERO SUPPRESSIIONIJ in related to seven seglmen decoders.

5.3. Discuses the meithods O'f Dlligwtal to Ana,l,oglue converter.

5.4. Discuss the converter properties for Di,gilal to Analoglue converter.

5.5. Discuss the methods ot Anallogue to IDign;a~ 'converter.

Revised format for proof reed! 9 Be e« t

9

National Certificate in Industrial Technician Electrical and Electronic Engineering

MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS

Module

Module No

E 2-5

Madure Value

01

60 Hours

(02 IHlours per We,elk)

Assessment Meithod

AE

Aim of Ithe modulla

a

To introduce fundalmental systems concepts ..

10 To introduce microprocessor systems

C To expledn the dirff,erence between hardw.are, Softwar,e ,and firmware.

d To gl,ive' expenience onsirnple programme.

e To expllain the 'fetchl executive ey,el,! ..

Special Notes

A Mlicil"Opll"Ooessor systems. '110

S, The eoss miicfoprooessor '10

C Centll",al proces$,'ing unit 14

D Me'mory ,orgl,aniza~ijon lo,a,

IE Computer progr,slmmwngl and oontrol 1 a

.A MICROP"R'OCIE,SSOR S:YSTEMS,

Unde'rstalnd the bas,j:c Imi,croplroce.ssor systems

1.1. Slates that an integrated circuit can conSists of a large number of microsCllP~

eledronic P'aJrts (I' Ie. TIr"'=I'lnsl's"'I·O· .. ~~ and 1"\lil!!o'~II·e·to -- . ·t ... ·· - ~I· . '1' _ lied a

-. - .. , C' 11,!OlII - - IU i'~'.1 .- I 'C'~''''' 'rs WI I-gin a, smeh, p.e'c'e ,o,f S,~ilcon ca

,chip,)

Ir uU

III upnu.

nd )(plaltn 0 hie k r-N 1[Jlt I ~11'1 01 I U Jill 111J11.'1 I LrJrl I d~11 dnq d ( I ~lJ, . ;'101 d~ j

vtc (RAM ndOM)I~, II' I Dr 'Vh;1 J nnrl t 111"

I In th typ a bu I' In I Otl11' JII 'I II III

nt I I

'IiI •• ' .... , In 9 n r II~ onlly. n I II· nd on o/p, II( .u.I'III'Vllly (.(Jlm h 11,111 Illy utu lhn hi

•

bUI.

xpl In th t th normal way r .chlifvln I Ilu nr II Hr llnn In dbuvr p n I I", U j U, I t I

Tri

U to IX'P~ n th rLJn~tI no: I I 'I. 'II h vlu ,

xplaln g n r I purpo lnterf -'U' I( ·IPU) I I r 48l t"uul ud ~

OPROCESSOR

h hi tory of h ml ro If ~ .1 r'j ;"Jud lh h Vir I ph IIJ j'lr I ' ,

Draw th pin ccntlc U I'll n '

Draw nd xpl IIIn th - block dl" I r m )~ th 60~~11 IMI .Irnpr r n.

2.4. Explain the functions, or ach bl,or:k lin ~'.,:l

Th Instruction t of til 161085 Mlcrol1rocr

2 01 cu th adv nt gl' nd til .. cJvr nu J I" f I 08 MIr~ upr U '. j L

DCE I'NGI UN I

3.1. The Format of an In trucUnn

3.2 Typ. of tn tructlons

3.2.1.1 , 0 t tr n f r In tru tlon •

,2,1.2. 0 m IIPul, tto I In I ru t Il, I •

3,2.1.3, Atllhm tic nd 10 IrJllll- .~r JII lnn ,

3.2.1.4. 1/0 IntrucUon

Explain Fetch and Ex cut e.ye,11

D mon tr th m ch nlsrn ln f .1'r.~1 and 1/ 1 .. I~h I r~v'r .. hll IJ-J n jl ~ ~n nr I ", (I , ,Itld

m ry loc Ion In to th A, A' p' ~I nnw lUI 'I/I'I) IU 1 Jlf I N' r II )

Revis€d format for proof reading & ,editing

3.5. Addre5si'ng modes

1 Dilrect addressing mode

3.5.1 ..

5 1 2 Immedliate address,ing mode

3 ....

3.5.1.3. 3.5.1.4. 3.5.1.5. 3.5.1.6.

~ndirect address,i,n'g mode Register address:ing mode Regw,ster ,indirect addre,ss,ing mode Relative addlres:sing mode

3.5.1.7. Indexed addressing mode

3.6. Expfalinthe operation of each addressin,g mode using numerica~ example.s

3.7. Explain the necessity of di,fferent address:ing modes.

3.8., Stac~k o~g,aniza,Hon

,3,.6.1.1.

Regist€!r stack

3.8.1 .2. Memory stank

3.9. Exphain programm,e IInb3rrupt and Ilnt,errupt cyde

3.1 O. Exp~ain DMA (Director Memo,ry Access)

o MEMORY'OR'GAN,IZATIOIN

4.11 Expl!aln the necessity of memory orQanmzaJion

4.2 Expl'a,in the memory h~erarchy in the computer

4.3 Draw the plin oonfi'gUiratiions of RAlMs" IROMs ,and cSlllculate their ,c21p,acit.y

4.4 Expl,ain how to expand memory capacity addin.gfew memory chips to'9,e'ther

4 .. 5 Explalin tlhle typles of RAMs and their appHcations 1(1. e' Dynarnlc, Static)

4.6 Explalin the types of ROMs and' their apollcanons (i. e ROM" PROM. EPROM,

4.7 EEPROM,) Explah1 the cache' memory actions 4.7.1. As,so,ciativ€!, mapP'ing

4.7.2. Oifiect mapplingl

4.8.. Expl,ain the action of v:irtua,l: memory 4.9'. Explain the memory segmentation

E 'COI!MP'UTER IPROGRMMING AND CONITROL 5'.1.

5.2,.

.5,3.,. 5.4.

5.5.

E,xplalwn '~he rnachlne l,angllu8,Q,e progl.ramming

Write machin,e ~a.nguege progrSlms, related to the B085, miicropr,ooe,s50r (t. of two binary words.)

Expl,a~n ~Ihie actions c,f corrtpilers and ,ln~e'rpr,ebi3:irS. Asse'mbly lallnglU'aQle prolgrammilng

5.4.1.1.

e Addition

Rules ,of~he Ilangu,age

5.4,'1.2. Wri~e $,Imple p,m,grams

Expla,in the respons,~billi'ty of a op,eraU:ng syste'm for 211111 ~c· teo . '" •. _ '._ _

. ..-" - . g~ 1IV11q,mes m 2J. computer.

programming for pa atet

s. ~g C

a

· d $.o~mat for proof reading & editing

RevIse "r , .

National Certificate in Industrial Technician Electrical and Elect,ronic Engineerin,g

INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS

Unit No= IE 2-6,

Modura

Module No

01

6,0 Hours,

Module Value

Assessment Method

Aim of the module

AE

1. 'Read 'circuiit d:i,i!iIQ'lfa,im,S, af industrial'Qontroll systems

2. UndEH''Standthe wQrking pfiinciple:!, of commcn'ly U!H9:dI jjndustri,l,I' control systems

A 'BASIC S;YSTIEMS

11.1 Stalts that systems, hav,e !inputs, ,and outputs

1. Slate that ,!I system can ad upon, or process, the inpuislD alter ils inteal ,cond~'tions !l!Ind its OlUtpu'tS.

1.3 1.4 1,.;5 , ,6

1.7'

A

Baste System

B P'o:ly~phas,e' r'i2ctificatlon circuit

C SCR type s,peed cOintro,I, systems,

o OPTO' electronic dev'j,ces ,t nght s'ensithr,e s,witches

E T'emperatulr'e measurerment &contrT,oll syste,ms,

lists and e plains, few examples of a s)'Slem, e.g.:- an oven, an immersion healer E plain Ii fly additional power is reguired 10 'convert an input signal into output __ States Ihat a transducer Is required for converting a signal from one form to an

A name types or transducers and describes lheir operations.

Referring to the block diagram of a domestic - ashing machine identifies e outputs, nd '~le p.roees,s, 'o,f each bbo'ck.

Revised format ror proof reading 8. edWng

POLYPHASE RECTIFICATION CIRCUIT

2.1 Draws voltagel current waveform dilagram oif a ·t'hree-phas,€ pow:'er suPP'Y sys,tem.

2.2 Draws simple circuit diagram of a 3-dli,ode 'rectifie'r circuit for a. 4 wire 3-phs's€l system.

2.3 Explai!n the principle of the operation ot th,€! abcve mentioned circuits.

2.4 Draw output voltage/current waveform ,of the above circuits.

2.5 Calculate average DC output v,oUaglle

2.6 Draw a s,i'mplle clrcult diaglralm of a. 6-diode r,ectifi'er circuit suitable for a 3 phase system.

2.7 Draw output voUcage/current w,av,eform of the above-rnenuonee circutt.

2.8 Ca.lculate the average· DC output voltage of~he above-mentioned circuit for a Qliven input voitag,e.

2.9 Observe output wa.veform.s of a:

a) 4 wir'e system b) 3 wir·e system

of a rectifier on an oe,cilllosoope and measure r~ppll'e 'Voltage.

2 .. 10 Describe practical appllcations of the above mentioned rectifier systems with examp~es.

C S,CR TYPE S"PEED CON,TROL SYS,TEMS,

3.1 Dllraw ,S' block dlaqrarn of an open loop Die motor control system ..

3.2 Explain the operation of the above system with re·f,er to block. dlaqrarn,

3.3 Orawa block diagram of a closed loop DC motor system

3.4 Explain the operation of the above system,

3.5, IExpllain the advantaqes of c.I,o'$,ed loop system compared to open loop, syste·m.

3..6 Read a circuit diagram of a typ~cal open loop and closed loop control systems,

3.7 Identify the input and output terminaJ'I! of a typica.1 motor control system.

3.8 IlnstaU a DC motor control system ..

D 'OPTO ELECT.R·ONIC IDEVICES &. LlG HT S,:EN·SIT~'VE SW~TCHE:S,

4.1 D'raw the s:ymbol for LED

4.2 Explain the principle of operation of a LED

4.3 Obtain voltage current Ilinear output ratmngs of a LED by referrmng to manufacturers

data.

4.4 Draw the symbols for:

a) Common cathode

b) common anode

c) type seven segment 'LED di,g'lits.

4.5 Explain !h.e operations Funct~ans and usage of SCR., disc & triac

4.7 4.8 4.9

4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.114

-

Revise.d format for proof reading & edIting

f L·,· ht Dependent Reslstor ..

Draw the symbor 0 19 _

-' he rinciple of operation of ali LDR _ ..... '" ., I,

Explam t P '. .., facturer data boo'ks/t:ata.~logUf!s.

'. . I d ta by refernng to man UI, ~ _ ..

Obtalln lecbnrca ,a .' ,.' ..... hw LOR can be operat!!l to relay when a I:Igl'Il Exprajn wW, the .sud of c.lrcult dI2lIgr2l.m, 0 -

beam is interrupted. . _ _ ... _ .... '.',', ,'1, .

• ~ - - 1£...' - '. -,f, - r " ht modulate type' pha,t!Os,en5Itlv~ re aly.

Draw a typlC:a~ block d I,ag.ram 01 a Ilg. . , "'

. '- .'. t' -: - '. f· the 'O"bove rell,ay wi'th aid ·of bl:Qc.k:. d lagr,a:m.

Exp,lalnthe openl!hllgn 0 '. '""', . "... . ~ r •• .' ~_. .." •. ' ..••.•. _ ... ~ .' : .. ,.

'. -. ,~' .- ". -.f· t""'· .-: bove relavs Wfi'th lind us'tnal app'~lcaltl,on exa.mp'i,e;~.

State types, o'f ap'PIIIQa~I'orio . lie a.. . "'',1

Draw the symb'o~ of a photo Q,,h,de,.

Exp~a,jn~he pri'nd,ple of Qper'a,t~on of .!I: photo diQde.

E TEMPERATURE M'EASURE'IIIE.NT' &' CJON'TRO',L SY,S:T2M,S

0.1 IE)(pla~n the baslc c:onCl!ipJ of :

a) Open ~oop b) Cliol$,8,d ~Ioop

te,m,f)e'reture controlsys't:emll.

S.:2. Dra.w the symbol of a Thi!:r,moeouph~: and' ,Pt 11 OOtype te,rnJl$~atlUr,e senscrs

5.3, Ex1pha'Jln the cih;lIrC1lcierietics ,of

a) K,J Thermlocoup1,jes

b) Pt 11 00, typ.e th~rmcu::Quple

5.4 Draw b,liock: ,dialgra,ms ,orf

a) Anarogue typetemp~r~tur~ cOIn'~'ro'l systsrn

b) D~gi'ta~ typ'e cl@nerol~ sy.S:tem

and .exp.l'a,inl the, op'lirath;~m of those !ys't~ms.

5.0, Idef1~ifY '~he input & output termllin.al'$ of anadogu@ d~g'itai' typete,ml!il'erature confrol

sys:tems.

5,'91

. fk,IO

5.11 ei.112

Rlel~d ~.ns't;rlJct~oln mamJals/cata~Q,Qlue~$~'O obta~n technh:ail 8ple'1(::~fi'cat~ons. of ,ab,o'ie mentiolr'lled lwu sy:s;tems.

Insfall above menlion!!ldfemperature eOllltrol systems to c,onlrol temperature or tJe:;t~nge,qu~pm~nt

ChBIC:k calibraJt~ofl of eI,bCl"V'@j mlent~oned 'temn,. l(!ratU'lre' 0 co ,n· tro ..... 111!~_.r·.·-;o.. " nlE!CISS1Bry

~ y il""'~I..::o ~ wsang _

i ns trlJ rnents, IP'erForm Ilogiicaltee,ts to ,ild~rn'i'fy ,ra deh~'ct~ve tempe!r'at:U'lre' . ilntroduc:.tion to P'Le P'ro'g:ramm,21,bll! :!'o'Q'ie cont:r,oUer

eXPl!~in p'ILe u's8'ge in i'ndustry.

El!;philin lIow programming step!; are carried oul in PlC system

Revised tormet: for proof reading & editing Nation,a~ C.'En1ifil,ca-t'e~· i.n ln d" us· t·· -- •. - ~ T- ...... ' •....

, " -' ., c ~n' C' __ ' ""n,a,1 eCnnUC,I,an

E'le,ctric8,1 ,and E~ectlr,oni'c, En'g'ineelr'ing

- ::;;w--

ENGINEERING AP'PLICATI'ONS~, U

IU--"t HI ," ~ '2~ '7'

_ mlo: ~, ,'.

Module

Eng'ineeringl Applications - U

Meduile No

E 2-7

Module Value

01.5

(03 Hours per Week)

Assessment Method

AS

Aim of the m,odu1le

To enable students to appreciate en9ineering application related to Electrical &, Electronic eng inee-ring fields.

Unit topic Area

A Electrical, work.shop nab

Suggested the 'Hours 45

G

IE'lectronic workshop Ila,'b Three P'has,e Supptles UluminaUon and Electric tamps

"T5

B

ID

1-8 20

ELECTRICAL WQ'RKSHOP' ILAB 45 HOURS

Task

1. Test an earth conUnuity oonduct-olr

2. Measure earth e,!ectrode resistance

3. Test portable appliance Teat a machine

Examine s,ing,'e phase & three phase 'kWH meters

Examine a time switch

Fix a:

Mercury vapour lamp' Sodium vapour circuit Neon Ught circuit

Revised format for proof reading & edit; ng

8 Explain the electric circuit of a refrigerator .9 Examine the circuit of an air conditioner

10. Examine the electric circuit of a water cooler

11. Examine the operation of heating appliances such as:

Smoothing iron E',ectric even Micro Wave even

12. Examilne the circuit and operation of an Ate welding set

13. Examine a battery of it's voltage condlfion of charge need state ,o~ ,oe-Us

14. Examine the circuit of ail battery char'ger and it~s, connec~~o:ns for balUery ch1arging

15. Examine a :

[JOL (Dire'ct On ILinle) motor starter

Star - delta motor starter

16. Exam ilne' a slip, ring motor starter

17. Examine Cill three phase induction motar

18. Examine' understand the maintenance requirements for a three phase motor and their switchgear.

19. Examine and understand the operation of a:

Singl~e pl1la.s,e motor

,DC motor and generator

EtEC:TRONI~C WQ!RKS,HOP' ILAB ,4SIHOUR.3

lasks

1. Cons'truct the circuit of a lowfrequency tw,a si'tag'e crass A transistor a,mplifier

2, C,onstrud '~hel circuit. of ,9 loW' power ,compllsmentary p,81mr transistor power amplifier having pre - ,amplifier and driver S'~ag'e

3, Construct on ,8 bread board usingl operational amplifi,er: invlell1ting amplifier

non i nventl ng amp lifie r inv',entil1g adder

4. ConS'~ruct a lo,w vo,l'la'ge DC power supply using bri.dg'e rec~~fie'r having series voltagE regulator using' an ,emilU,er follower and a pass transistor on breadboard.

D."'ING STRATEGIES

instrue:ti'Gln to the stud€lnts ~o !p'ellf@Frnthe g,~V1~n taska are To achieve tneSJiventasks opeTaUona'~sjheets and pr.aGti,ca'~ suitabfe instruc1:ironiJll tal be used. Durin~1 ~h'e workshop/lab practice,

guide the students, 10 ,t:!ilpprreejra'te the s,a,'f~rty in the worksh0Pr' lab day maintenance procedures of the ma,ci1ine:s eq,Ulrnrpment &. tcels.

STUDENTS SHOULD MAINTAIN A LO'GBOO'K,

In the logbook student shouldJ err(e:r his, day 'to dey activities intne workshop. (Teacher should give the gui'sancte lothe student, to, mainiainth,e log book c:orrectly) practice.

ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES Assessment should aim at

•

Good format of the pres.entat~on of the lOG ,BOOK Achievement' of th~ gi'Ven~as,ks,.

I nterest to work"

Practice of safety and malinmenance proeedures durinqtha workshop activities,

•

•

•

A.. 'TRAN.SFORM'EFU9.

I(Sing~e' IP,iha.seJI 3, p,hase, autol and ilnstru'me,nt t~ans.follrm,ers,)

1. The oantna·cOc,n and ope'ratiiorn clf slingllle· phase, daubll,! w,ound 't.rans.~olrmers",auto'

t1fa,mdormE:!rs ,and instrumentll5tralll1ls:foflme,rs.

1.1. Describe: the construction, of' 'the core, ring and sheU ·typ,e, 'trans,formers.

1,.2. Exp~a~nthe fun'cUon,s o'f '~'he parts in a Uansformer.

1.3.. 'Des,cr~be s,ep,ar,abl:e 'Iamination and t,orroidal core forms of construct jon and e aS~ioc:i,a'te'dl winding method,

O;s,cuss inter turn and inter ~ayer ~nsul.ation.

dust al echnician lectronlc Engineering

Electrical Machines

E 2-8

01

60 'Hours

AE

of the mQdu~e

To provide an unde·rstanding of the m,a,iln fa,clors iirnfiueneing, the .s~eady - state 'perfo'rlm,arnc1e of co'mmon e~e'ctll"i,ca'l m2JiChines, wi:th ,e'mph,aus,i~s Dn genera,~ priru::ipll'9S, aimed at 'file

user ramer thanl tH'e ma1chi:ne destgner.

A TrlufI.$fo:nmell"s

8, D. C. Machine:s

C A. 'c. MI,ch~nes

o Synchr'Qlno'Us Machine·s

'E Panl~ll!~ Openation

IF M,:=ichiine Stau1ing M!ethods

1, .4·,

Revised farm a t for prr:u)f reading 8: er:1i _ ·ng

principle of a . I - . -

_ - sJng~e-phase transformer.

ation of a transformer,.

the no-load phasor dmanl"'"!>m- '!!I, - ·d -. f' - --

_ - ~I """ ... n Wev'@! arms, of vo1tagles. currents

exp'lain phasor diagram for I ds - ..., .

- I or a Oia ed transformer, asslJmmg the voltage drop

_11Q5 to be negligible.

sketches the term's useful nux and leakage flux.

a •• leakage flux responsible for this inductive reactance of a transtermer and it's

1.11 Explain With sketches the methods of reducing ~eakagl'eflux. 1.12. Denve and explain an equivalent circuit of ,a transformer.

1.13. Derive and explain the phasor di,sgram tor a tranSlformer 'on load from he equivalent

Circuit.

1.14. Explain the simplification clf the approximate, squivelent circuit of a lran:sf,ormer. 1.15. Discuss the losses occurred in a transformer.

1.16. Derive tI1e equation for the efficiency of a transformer.

1.17. Derive the condition for the maximum ,efficiency of a transformer,

B D. C. MACHINES

2. The construction and operation of D. C. Machines - h' __

rts -~- d c rnacr me

. d r st the v2J,riouS p,a o~ a _.. . .' _ __ I - I '

2.1. Sketch the construction an I, . - I. . • •.. • -.. .-,

_. _. rt - f the machine listed In 2. 1 above.

22 0 lb th function of each p.a 00 . ,_ - . . - ,. - , . I

~. . escn e e . ... . _ .. __ ... a generator converts mechamca

2.3. Explain that the d. c. machine, (a) operallng ase s .,

energy into electrical energy. . _ _ _ .. '.- d. i' the armature conductors.

. emf 'IS genera~,e. In - _ .

2.4. Describes how an alternating , ... b -th motors and 'Q'enerat'ors.

. e:: Btl apply In ,_0 ' ... . . - ..c

2,.5.. Explain how the expressions ,'_ nd inverting 81r;tlon of a commutator.

. . S the recl~fylng an . .. _... -. -

2.6. Describe with the aid of diagram 'fy' • 9 and invertingl act10n O'f a commutator.

. . rams the recti . In . {OO, - _ -

Describe with ttw: aId of dlag I .• _

tad c machine.

Derive the e ~~n or .'

1.18. 1.19. 1.20. 1.21. 1.22.

11.23. 1,.24. 1.25.

'2.7. 2.S.

Explain the open-circuit and short circuitb!!!sts on a transformer. calculate the efficiency from the open drcu:it and short circuit tests. Define "voltage regulation" of a transformer,

Detennine the voltage regulatlon of a transformer with varying load and power factor.

Explain the principle of operation and current distributiolil in windingl of an auto -,

transformer in comparison with two w~nding transformers.

Exp'ain the use and ooeration of current and potential tr,ansformers. Describe the construction of three phase cor-e type tr-ansformers. Write the specifications of single and three phase transformers.

c. MACHINES

The construction and operaUon of A. C. Machines.

3.1. Describe the function of s~jJ) rings ifn s .. c. rnachlnes.

Frame use of' objectives n2.04&03.01i describe a slmple a. c. glenerator.

Show that the operation of the's. e. ,gener~toJl' can be inverted with ,; d. IC. supplied to the armature (rater) and e,. c. der~v,ed from the stator.

Describe the constructi:on of a three-phase stator winding,.

Describe the operation of the 3-ph a:lrtle;rnator.

SltarIes that if tfle alternator is connected to ,9 J"'ph SUlPP,ly ,andl the It.urbirne replaced by mechanical load the machine wi'll, functi:on as, ,211 synchronous mloltor.

Describe the operation of the ~ngl,e-phase $,ynchronous machine as an electric dockDeSCribe how a 3-ph stator winding sets up a rotating ma'gneti,c fr,eld.

Dntw the constructien 101' a wound rotor induction motor,

Draw the construdron of I squirr,efJ cage inductlen m'o~or.

~ete~ine' the relationship between speed frequency and number of poJes. OE!$cnbe' how torque is I!".'Ilr,oduced on the r'"""' ... p ... ~ an ',nd . ct. '. -

, t" 0 - YJ!.U~ U~C _I III U Ion motor.

3.7.~

3.8.

3.9.

3;10.

3.11.

3.12.

~:.tftiiirlJra,m!f separatedt shunt series and oompound ~Bjl1as:and compound connections for d. c. machines. ' iCi1:atic)n characteristic and the output characteristic of shunt.

iIiiJ,l~M!: armature reaction as the effect of a loaded armature on the total

~ .. ;,~;rte$Cr1l!le the output cnaracterlstlcs of d. c. shunt, series and compound

I

1M4~nh1A the use of compensating po,l,es oomp'ens,aUng windingls & brush rotation in

·tmlPI1b;ati~IQ the effect of armature reaction.

DISCUSS typtcal applications for sen,es. shunt sAd compound. machinle's.

Explain the need for a d. c. motor starter having overload and no .. .yoU p.rotection., Define the efficiency of d. c. machines as the rati,Q of power output to plower input. List and explain the principle losses in d .. c. machines.

. Calculate emf s torque. speed. efficiencies of d. 1£). machi,n'es fr,om the reJsl'Uonsh~ps

discussed in objectives 0.5. OSI' 09, 10, 11.12. 19* 20.

Revi!,ed tormet: for proof reading & tJdltin~ Speed and sUp frequency.

lW&~eterist'cs of a 3~ph tnducUon meter. characleri u

S rc or the ind~H.::UIDn motor wHh ~o'Fq\'lejspee'd

nt machine,

a direct an 'ine starter Elnd e'>qJ'~a\n its operation, _tlif.-;r:BC ucsd vo'tage starting.

~Cl8l~1IiEilltfl1Iatn the operation of star .. delta starUng. lfJ;jIQiU.Siliibe the opera,t,on of auto ,_ Lransronnerr start~ng,.

Ii& ~ sllp relationsh ip for a puss sing!,e~pha$G! I11ClJ;h1ne tndlca tinQ lh,e artlng torque.

3.21 that spltt~phase capacitor type, shaded Ipo~e~, s~nQ!,e .. phase machi,nes are

basically 1nduetion motors with d,fhnent methods IQlf starting torque production.

3.22. Explain- the significance of maximum con tinuou,s ra UnQa:nd specified tim,9' rat~119 for

. '.

eiectrical machinery.

3.23. Discuss the application of different typ'es of rnau;hlne 'l!:nc~'osune'. 3.24. Discuss the application of Dhalsnder motor.

o SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES

Distinguish Asynchronous and synchlfoncus, Im,@cl"llnee;", 4.1.

4.2. Explain the construction of synchrono,us m,Clchin9s.

t . k' 9 principle of synchronous m,;aeh~l,es

4.3. Expaln war in _, _ " _'_. ,,-CI~-t

h ' motor is used f,orr power factC)f ~mprovt! rnerr .

4.4. Explain how the sync ronous " ' - ~I 1-[ - ators

Explain method of excitation of tran8former any a _ern~' 1-. 4.5.

E PARALLEL OPERATION . " .b -fnre ;sunchr,oniz;at~on.

h naus machines '- € ""', _' «s

Mechanism of sync ro ,'11 I., ,lp'CI,-,'r'~tilnln of alternat!!vs:.

. . ded for para e',O ''''''~ IV -

CondJbonS to be conce , 'I' 'I~,rra~orr 0' TF2In:sformer.

'd d for paraUe, OP@l, - -

Conditions to be conSI ere ',c ,'.

Method 0 f parallel operation of alternators,

5.1. 5.2.

5.3. 5.4.

F' MACHINE STARTING METHODS 6.1 DOL

'6.2 Star IOelta

UnIt No: E 2 .. 9

Utilization o,f Electrical Energy

E 2·9

01

50 Hours

AE

A IPower s:Yste,m

is Indll~tr'~ol dist,nbLlt~on ~,y~ball'l$

C EI'facllr~c:JII[),mp$ aJl1ldi mUI11~na Uon

D Pr!J,t~'GUOlt',S

E F,alc~o'r5 8s.s.och;l~ed wi th SL~eGtion o:f motors

Prl n ci pl' h 1'V o~vd ~111 ilhe w:p:p ~ ic~ IU on of $ij~'1 tot, £1119 SHr $Y S t:enl.

1 1 St .. ltos the ty:p~~ a,r :S'wli~oh~119 dtiviGa~, tJ'$led lin rpo,~vter sY$terl't

1 ,2 E'tpl nns '~h8 ,plrilnci~h~s of ,1EIf'iC sx.tingullshi,ng and G{m,trol h'1l

U ), Allr GB, (Ii ),.0015

{iilt V1ICUUIH CB (iv)" ,S,FG

1.,3.1 Cnmp ro tho ,,1ppUC.t1JUI011 of Cl3ls on bnsls of w,e·~ght V'(II~LJ'I'11e\ 'Nn! hazard a,nd Ill, lirnt'l'i11~l'C~.

t·' 1.5

t'l5

G~p~ llil1S til ~ OP(~!, :'Ilion :lud ImN"l~nl!il'ill",mti,e ol MCCB.

E:.<plcdns 'the ~, " nns or, :.'I(l~\.I~ng current, rn'e~ ilng Gurl'iil'~'it 'l~eIJf.av~I,11 to CIB~a

I:~.~,~tlltu; IUle, typre:s olf fJLlI:t~ ,occurrit1lQ ill11 8. PQiWel~ 5.y::i~ln'llwhilti,'1I re~,p1orH.1!3 to a CIS. Ui1dre~,t:Jl~lds I TOW tr,,-, ns,~I~l1ts In l'y be pr't)duclad Iby U'gl1 te'"lh1Q mrld ~ystel11 SV\lHchi ng.

1 '9 'E pl~\JII1 how ~h~ U:$':'l of 1!~s,h3tOI'S Ct1111 I educ:(iJ 'lJl~ tl·,;j~lS~'I!'llbs,

I. 10 I:::J '

'O!llI1hl cut lh(l iltnp~H~1nG~ 'of ODrl'\::)(~t '~I~l~ukJ,t~Ofl Go'"cl!rdinatkmfor an ('I'J't!rh~~ld lint

W'Q'I k .u lid ;;. SSO(j.!..l'hJd tI tillS r~)nl1t)r ~wl,tohh1g 6.totioms,.

... .

P~I'k')l·m .. ~ SH npll ~ !'Ict It,.ltil."II"'I<$ 1 ... r n1~~ed '~y~,t!d:l~lS (H~ dro,

pcunninh;;;.l1 013'81' ~t~Ull sdlli.m ~e in POWtal" (!lltdn~,rntiOll..

il ••

I!.f

~I. 8 Shows how tl,~ trmi$ient \lonng~ 1"1oglnitude€1o!1l:sl ell f,atdt IC~It!G'lring; circuit breakers can arh5'1:.'I.

C EL CTRICAL ~PS AND ILLUMINATION

3. Know the basic units of illumination and the construction I f _ _- _ _' • _- _. . .

3.1 Define the term's I' . . 0 sources 01 electi'lc lighting.

umlnous efficiency! Depreci,aJ _ i -, _ _ __ _ _ - - -' _

Coefficient of utilizat' . Ion factor, and reflection actor,

Ion, space helg ht ratio.

Calculate the illumination at a point. Oetermine the effective illumination of a roam.

Determine the number of lamps and their rating's for a lighting schtsme' when the

illumination required and the area are given"

List main sources of light, making use of supply mains. Describe he operation of an incandescent I,amp.

3.7 List the types of incandescent lamps usee for gener:alligihtlng.

3.8 Discuss effect of voltage variation on incande'5cant 'Ii,~mps"

3.9 Describe the operation of the Halogen lamp.

3.10 GiVe a clteult dlag m and describe the operation 01 gas diacharge lamps.

3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14

2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.15 3.16 3.17 31B

Revised ~

rorrnat f, _

or prQof rel!Jdrng lJ; ecflting

be co .

nSldered wh

'lim _ 't'

4M,.. Sling an f d' .

....etch a typical 11 K\I Qfitrlb - nuslnal distribution

Describe the facto Iti utlon system.

rs eft determine

cable system etc. Sub-station locau '

_ Ion Capaclt~l s-' _ 't ...

Sketch ty' - 1 , .1 "WICIIEU ralug,$

a plcal layout of an 11 K I _ .

O °b v 415V mo t'

escn e some of the. t us nal sub-slaUon

fea ures of th _ _ . - - .

Analyze a typical arran e sub-station in 2.3.

• ° gement for a distrtbutllon 1 ,- _ ,- ,'"

Descnbe a typical ear thing arran . system within III small fa~tory.

gement for a suo-stauon

ttll:.l methodS for the connection of above lamps. .IfJ-A:I"II8"tJperabon of sod iu m vapour lamps. IM!I't.operation of high pressure meroury vapour lamps.

fb1~~lOOlaQ!!~ Relay in a transformer.

!ID~l! used in transformers.

t rels\I. on a distribution in network should only operate

over eurren :]

not on ovelr\oad.

lie construction of am ~nven;e Definite Mini"mum Time la.g (~Dr\t'TL) relay.

the operalion of the II?MTL rel~ay.

the Ume-current cnaracts'ristics of the rD MTL Tilay .

how the operating current and operaUng time of the r,elsy can be adjusted

.... ""' .... ..,. the term Plug SeUing MultipHer PS~l a[1d, why thle char9'C,tBr~stlc eurve ,of the-

is plotted to a bsse of PS1I1 and not current,

why 1 DMTL [ie~ay is used not Define Time! Relays used rorf€6ders.

Exptains, the n@e,d for earth fa,ult relays.

Explains the 8p~I'ic,ation clf earth fa !J11i t relays or th'e I DMTL and inlstante,:neO!Ll51'~

operat€d type.

E FACTO'RSA,S,S,OCIAT:ED WITH! 6ELE'CTIIONI,OF' MlIQT"Q'1R,S, 5. Rating:s of machin,,'$ and mo~or 5,e'~ec~jon"

;5.1 6xprlailnt:effi.peratur~ rise wrt motor,5.

5,2; Dtscusa nmit IQf tanlpera~1lJre risa, vibrsltioll1 and noise ls\N!1 wrt motors. 5.3 Ust various m,e'thodi,$, of cooUng elrrangelmlent$~ together with Ulustrstions.

5.4 List various types of motor ~H"cl,oslJlr6'5and mOiJ:nt~ngs 'toQl'ther with iUuslrations

elce:ordilng1 to '~EC cl~,ass1fi~cat,on"

St~te the :3 elements o,f protec±~Qn upon whmc'h t.h'e above dassilficaliofil is based Exp~elifl U'le term m$ximurn op1elr,a.ti:ngtemperatu:rr! wrt motors

Sta~ tile differ:el1,t type~, of clltlissification of in.sulation wr1 h:mper~3iture rise.

Discuss the. 'fac1ofls affecting ~he choice o'f an eleetric motor undl!r he folJoWlr~ heedings.

Sys~e,m behaviour

~II Mlo'~o<r chatach.~fistic~

in Loed re(;tlJlirE:!men ts

5.5

5.7

5.a

e- lain .

. ~

II

iii iv

proof reacJir:g ea "'g

-UTIIiIles and talcu a .. ns

of tests as desc bee! in BS "'S9S ~. l. B_ ImI$Cl-out under routine cnec .' esrs,

fGa.o a motor for the fOlio' . - , 6$, c" rnol~ rs, s"a~e 2.

Unit No: E 2-11

Revised format for proof reading & editing .W1lllil CertIficate in Industrial Technician

etactrlcal and Electronic Engineering

Modure

Telecom'munication

Module No

E 2-11

Module Value

01

60 Hours

(02 Hours per W,eek)

Assessment Method

AE

Unft topic Area

,A

communication system

B Modulatjon

C Aeria~s and feeder systems

,0 Loss free-Hnes

E RadiaNons and aerials

F Fs'stur'es of sl'mple Arial

G Radio frequency osc:inators

HI R,ad~o trans,mitt'ers

R,ad j10 reoemvers

J Re'c,e,j'ver periolrm,ance

K IRad~o prorogl,ation

L F,eber optic communi:c,ati'on

M Telephony.,

A 'Ca'mmunicaf'iQ'n' System

1. '1 Classm1cation,s '& oomlmlon feature.

1.2 1.3 1.4

8i8nsjlC edelments fbrmi'ng such systems. T,e:l,ephony, tellegr,aphIY~ IRadj'o a:nd TeJ,evis,ion.

Frequency and Bandwidth requirements for transmission.

.7

2.8

2.10

2.11 . 1 .1

2.1

03. h 3 1

32

3.

3.4 3.5

Revis d form t ~

, or proof, t:.u:llng & , ditlllg

llJlD1l'1"1du 10 to Modul tlon

dlo Fr qu ncy Sp ctrum. Modul tion nd Demodulation.

urpo of Modul tlon .

M th of M dul tlon

Amplltu Mo ul tlon (AM)

Frequ ncy Modul tlon (FM) Ph se Modul lion (PM)

h b sic p Incl I 0 mplUud Modul, ,1,1 n (AM)

how d' g,r rnm tl Hy how udt rrquncy ~nrarma'u n m'lY b, sup rlmpos d upon a

r dlo freq uency c rrl r w ke by showing lts srnpll tude" ·

Sketch typic I wav forms of RF carrl r wove (rC') a,mpillud madulated by' a s~nuso,l,da~

ton (fm); h nc d crib modul lion d pth.

t t th t m mud m dul tlon or F c rrl r W[lV by' a -Inusoldl, I ton produces a

ampl x w v h vlng thr frqu ncy comport nts for (fe-I'm) nd (fc + rim),

Show gr phlc ny that th modulated wave C8n b - eonstrueb d from W!lve, can be constructed from w v forms carrlsr (fe). and s'dlfr.f.lqIL:l1ench3ls (fc+ or-rim),

t t th b n width r qulr m nt of modulat d eel rl r I

how, by rn ns r w v forms. d mdul 11 n s th proo 'S,,,, W' VB •

t t why ov r-rnodul tlon r su~t In d~1 tortlon wtllch, pp rS1,. L th d rncdulat d

output.

Descr~be vanou typ s of ArM ls,

prl r qu ncy MI du'l tI n (FM)

h w dl gr mm tic lIy how Audio r quen Y Inlr,arm,~ t:111I1 c r be sup rllrmpo . d upon -

Rad lo Frequ ncy rrl r wav by c, u ,Inn lts fruq u nay {,o dv1J'to.

St t th t th fr qu ncy d 'II t~ons sl,Qnaf but il1, t, t'I'1 I, mpml-ld Icnrrt r Wllye ~s

wi th r qulr r r MI, rvll ' ,1- I th' r 1111 I~- ~h-In twl ' , til

m xlmum d vi II n.

t t why M s rv~o s apr t t VHF and ~lbuv ·

Sk Ich nd drib th fr qu ncyi nlpllluda.:11 ,I let, II .lle of (I dlscrllTIlnlllor suil-ill

M I, n I.

7

pll e r 1 du dl n

f ul .. ArnpUtu MouullUIl 'lr M)

Utude-madulated signal.

rwBftllrtn af a pulse-amp .' rtude modulating an analogue signal

. If 9 from putse-amp L •

_'.IlIIDIt.the pulse train resU In . . .' _ '10 ... ue signal together with a range of

f the un modulated ana 9

'~_M8fJi$ the frequency a

harmonics. ... . . . . 'F canter modu~,ated by the Amplitude-

Slate that a PAM radio system uses a R

Modutation pulse tra~n.

3.13 Briefly describe the' pr;ncipleis of IPCM .

•

C AERIALS AND FEEDER SYSTEMS

04. The principles and uses of 8!B:riails,.

4.1 State what is: meant tJy the radmil~l'Qin [p;attern of an aer~a;L

4.2 Define directivity Emd side ~ ~ot:U! leve~ af an ae.naL

4,,3 Sketch the hoM2olil,tai polar d~,ag,ra,m for 'mig ve~rtical Y2 eh~'ment.s.

4.:l'1 .space Y2 ,ap21n, ~ 'energlised: its phase,

4.3 . .2 8pace % apart- en'f!'r~riSH~~d9'O% QUit of phase'.

4.4 Des,cribe' mhe (!tfiect on the ~ad~ation pattern ot adding, a d~rectOlr and relnector te a '.

Idipole.

4.5 StaJte the meaning and impertancs orf ~he driv~ng po:intimpedanc!f! of a si,mpie aerial. 4.5 De!lcnbe~he ~m:re2lll! ,of driving p(),~nt ~:mpedanc~ and bandwidth 'obtained using = folded dipo~e. D'~s,tinguilh between st~undiing ~ wave ,and! trave~mrn,gl wav,e aerials ant oo,mpare theiir baru:;f;wi,dth c:haralG~rist1Gs.

4.7 o,escri,be tne in,f1uence oif inddl'lnt wave!! pdarizaUon 'On 'the perform.an'ce of simple n9oei\ling ,aerr~als.

5.3

5.4 5.5

06. The properties of loss free lines.

6.1 Describe the propagation af an e~ -:c t.. . _.

. . . H~C romagnetllc wave alone ~ ..,' .~. .'" .

6.2 State why negligible red'iation!s Occurs fr .'.", _...9 .a tw:ln tr~nsm~ss~on ~me.

_ . om tvv~n 'Or oanC@tlltnc lines.

6.3 Sta~e what steady cUrren;t conditions do not apply in the ... " .;. . .. .

radio frequenci'9's. case of !lln€lS en~rglz.edl at

6.4 6.5

6.6 6.7

6.8

6.9

ReVised format for . ..._ "

Proof readmf"l ~ eatt ..

~ Q!; ... I Jflg

S. ketch an equiVa,~ent loss-fn3e line in~erm,$ of lts distrib·' ~t·e·d·· ll.· ~.. C..... .-. .

. _ • _ - ... Y! - anc I parameters,

State the maximum power can draw from the line

• i if itst~ ~mi nati nlgl load h as CI: par1icu~ar va,~ue.

State that. uniess maximum power is drawn from the Ilin·· e re flecf ~. '11

I,. . Ii, .. ~on Wh occur.

Define the character,~$tic impedance Zo ofa line as ~q. I III~~ to t'~'· .. 1 - - -. . .. f .

, .- ... w· u..ull I~. 1I1,~e vo ume 0 the

terminating Ibad that causes no renect'~on and hencea,osorbs ma>dimum power. -

State the value 'of Zo h11 wtems of the distributed Land C parametsrs of a loss-frse ~rine,.

State that lo ls the ratio of rrns, VoUagr,e to rms. Current. for a wave propagated on a

line whlich is termiinated an i'~s charactif!risUc impedance,

6. 1 0 Describe simply I by concSidering vo,ltage condiUonsl how f!:lJ short-creuited transmission causes total reii'!ction.

6.11 Descriibe in simple terms, by ,consiidering current condiUons, how open circuited

termlination causes total reflect~on.

6. 12 Show diiagira,:mma~ilca.ililly n,QW re'~ection produces a standing wave. 6.13 D~st~nguish be1tween traveUwngand st.a,nding waves ..

6. '14 Describe h,ow a conductor and spacing dwmens,ions of open - wing; ~lilnes and coaxial cables, affect mhe value of chlaralcteris~mc impedance.

6. 15 State typical vailues of Zo for open - wi~e and coaxial cajbl,e-s~

E RADIATIONS AND AERIAL,S

The fundarnentals of ,e~ectromagnetk; rad~ationj,s.

. .~ terms of lts electric and' maqnefic fleld 7.1 Describe an electromaq netic wave 1il'1 II~S ~

components and dlrection of pr-op,aglstj,on.

Ul'e re'latioIn5h~p between ve~:ocity of 7.2 Define wavelength:; state and the use'

propagation. freq lJenlcy andl w.aveh~ngnl.

7.3 Define wave po~arizatiol'il'$.. . .. . _._ ,f,iC '~,f<:IV .. ~. ~11· d· ~~t~sfiedl b\.i. its

. . - ... ' ._. r 'f .... ,c Ilectromagn@I~~ _~~Q '0;;; ,~, .1- ... ..,.... - :l

- s-· . t th· ct· .. - nditlons for propagatllon 0 an e -

7.4 Us e a - co. . , . -h *U€i1C,\!

, .- .. . _. _·t - r energized at h;lg ,. III r,sq c -II;.

fie~d !by its field pat1eml In a carpacil 0, . _ .. '. tncreas d by.. opening out th€

., .. c ~ -. t LC circuit Incn1ll8se .......-

7.5 Describe how radjation 'from a re50nan

capacitor p~ates"des the IreacMve ehements of a LC circuit

7.6 State that a straight w~re provl_, ..... . -

07.

of electric and magnetic field; its polarization and BIII,,1Datttam& 1n both planes of Yz dipole.

B" the radiation field will produce electron movement in a conductor.

!:P"oIIrL." :Statts why receiving aerial should be tuned to, and have the polarization of, the

nddent radiation.

8.4 [)esCrIbe how a vertical % conductor earthen at Its foot (a unipole) uses lis image to

behave as a % dipole.

t - I •

8.5 Slale why a counterpoise is used when eartt'ung IS poor.

S.6 Describe simpte methods ,of tun~ng a u'I1ipoha.

8.7 Describe in simple terms, how inverted I and T aenals improve radiation.

8.B Describe the reception properties of a simple loop aerial from consideration of the

field components 10" t'he incident wav'e.

a.9 Describe the prwnd'P~e of 'th,!! ferri~te rod a,erri,al used in. r,eceiv'ers.

'9.3

Des,cribe in iimip~e terrm's that the mlns'ta 't ~,~ . . - -,. .'

__ ' ... ' . _ _ n aneous ClIrrent In a parallel LC circuit flow In

oPPoSIte dlreclions. _

State th,at ,ad one, p\a:rt~cular fre'quency th - -,.-

equal and ,opposite and hen. _ , .. ' -. _.8 eurrsnts In a parallel LC circuit become

_ .. _ ce~1 ~at a IpetaUed LC .'. I ,', .. " ...

[!Osonance - circuit has a I1Ilgh Impedance al

State e~presswlons and caill::ulate ~/Plh:a,~

dynamiC impedallc-e of parallellC cirCUit. values for tI1I8 resonant frequencY and

9.5 S'ta~ tha.t an amp,mler ~s an acUve d···· ....

. '. <... _... . ~,e\lIce I(back 1130 t-·· - .

V.O. us. Qle lanlliit'lOin can, be used. 'tOI co. t .1 . - x .~I!,atrfuint) b,'y which a srn,a.ll ~npLJt

9!11 . . . . n, fO currenHro . c ,_ _ _

.. Sta,le tha"t 'the vo~'teQle gain, d.ell"'l, 'd _.: . . 1 ... mil b,s:ttery.

.. ,_.. t .. en S, on upo.nth, " .-

output etrcUlt of the ampUfrer. iii value Of tlil . load connected in the

9.7 ~ta th

~I e at GM, ampli,filer usinQ a 'par n -I ..

gat,n s't the Ireson'""n'" 'f-"o1i!!..f.'I, .., a e tc circuU a I

, ,g, ,,~.,uenC'lJ. a oad 'Nill hav,,, maximum voilaii'

G. RADIO FRE,QUENCY OSC'ILlA'fORS

9.11 The basic prlnciples of Radwo Frequency I(R'F} Osc'iUatOlrEl,:

• Radio T·

)ol

• Radio R.:t,

• Wave-guides in Micl(;owave radio.

9.2

of loss free rines.

Describe the propaganon of an e'~ectrom,a,g-n tlc _ .'. ". '. _

Sta - e Ie w.ave along' atw'· tn . '_.. .

te why negligible rad~ationls .'. ,- _'. -c. • _ -. ,- -In r~msm,~s.slon Ih'e"

- Occurs from tw~n or concentric lines,.

State what steady current conditions do not apply in ttv .... .... .. .

radio frequencies. - e case of lines energllE!d at

Sketch an eq uivalent loss-free Une ~n 'terms of lits di tnb ,t.-. _', _ _

. - -'. s _mu ed Land C. parameters.

State the maximum power ea n draw trom the line ire ,i_~~

I !IlL;;) t:et-mjna~~ng bad has a

particular value.

State that, unless maximum power is d~awn from the line, reflection will Occur. Define the characteristic impedance Zo 'of a line as equal 10 the volume of the terminating load that causes no reflectlon and hencl!absorbs maximum power.

State the value of Zo lin items ,of· the distributed L and C parameter~ of a loss-free line.

State that Zo is the ratio of rms, Vdtage to, rrns, Current for a wa,ve plmps'gated ana line wh ich is terminated an ims characteristic iilmp~dlance.

6.10 Describe simply, by considerlnq vQ,lts'ge conditions, how is short-circuited

6.4

6.5

6,6 6.7

6.8

6.9

RffiVise'd format tc» . ...

or pro.of reading & editing

6.3

transmission causes total r,eftectmon.

6.11 Describe in s,~m,pl'e terms I by consldering current condltlons, how open circuited

termination causes total rsflection,

6.12 Show diaqramrnatlcelly how reflec:~iOln produces OJ stand]ng w!!ve, 6. 13 Disting uish between tnavemn,Q and standing waves.

6.14 Describe how a conductor and spacwng dimensions of open - wire lines and coaxial cables affect the value of cha.ract~rrm$tic ~mp,eda,nce.

6. 15 State typical values of Zo for open - w~re and C02txi:I,,1 cab!es~

E RADIATIONS AND AERIALS

07. The fundamentals of electromagnetic radiation's. f Id

Describe an electromagnetic w'ave,inits terms of ,ims. ehe ct ric and maqnetic ie_

components and dlrection of propagalion.

Define wavelength; state and U~le use propagation, frequency and wave~eingth.

7.1

7.2

7.3 7.4

7,5

the re~ationshlip Ibetween velocity of

Define wave polarization's. . . .. _ .. _.. . ... r. . .. Jc w-ave and satlsfled by its

State that conditions for propagation of an ,electro~l,g~el . _ . -_ ~

. . .• .. '. itor energ,iz!sd at tugh frequency. .

field by its field pattern In 21 ca,pacl.. . .... -. . .. . ui 't '·n c re a. sed by.' openlnlg out the

. t LC ClrCUi 11111 IV . . ........ _ '.

Describe how radiation from a resan91n c -

capacltor plates. . ..' ..• • I .... ants of a LC circuit.

7.6 State that a straight wire provide5 the reaetlV'E} @:.,em I

'9.4 Sttii'te le~pressions and calcula!le typical \\',alues far the, resonant 'fr~ uency and dynamic Imped.an,oe, of pataUel1 LC circuit.

Slate that, sn amplifier is an 81CUv'I! devioe (back Bc'xtreatment) by __ voltage veriati'on can be used to,controf current ifrom al ba -;ery. State that ~he v,ol,la'ge gain depends 011'1 ueon '~]b~ va ~ue- i"If ~h ,II, ' d

- ,- - ' 'II'" ~ II I !!II"" 1f II c ,I!o.I IL Ii! ~oa -, 'co n

output circuit of he amptmer.

Sta e that an ,ampUfier usingr a pal~alle~ C circuit as a load 'II a e m

8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8

• d agnetic field; its polarization and

_w._ft' of electnc an m

_~.bQth planes of % dipole. . , ,_

vememt In a conductor .

• flra.11on field witt produce e1ectron ma , , _ .

'd to and have tnt!! palan:zatlon of, the y receiVing aerial should be tune - 0., -

]IK:idelrtl tadiation. . , ~ ) "ts .-

_ " rth' at its foot ,(a Lmrpal,e uses r Image to

Describe how a vertical % conductor ea en '

behave as a % dipole.

State why a counterpoise is used when earth,ing is pOOL

Descnbe simple method's of tuning a unipo!le'. . .

. . . " . . rted II and 'T illii.lena,ls improve r~dlaUQn.

Descnbe In simple terms, how lOve. u:;; - ' ,'- - ..,

., ,- - ,,' rt-~· " - r- '- sim-nle loop aerial, from consideration of the

Describe the reception prQpe' _leg 01 I a c' '...' , -

field components of the .ncident wave.

8.9 Describe the principle, of the fe,rrjte rod e,slna,1 !LIIs,ecl mn receivers.

G. RADIO FREQUE:NCY OISC~LLATOIRS

9,.1 The basic princip.les ,of IRadb F'l'iequency (iRF) Oeu::iUal'tors:

• R~dio T;,(

.' RadiQI R,;

• Wav,~uithBs in Mfcfow8v,e radio,

9.2 Destr1be 1n 'simpfe temniS that the ~nstantaneOY5, current in a paraUel LC circurt flow I oprpos,ite (Jirections,.

9.3 State that at one' par1joul;r freQluency the currents in a patisllle1 LC circui become equal and ,opposite ,and hence tha,t a !pElra~~e~ LC clrcuit has a high impedance a reS'Orlan,ce.

9.5

ected

9.1

~ ain a . he rase ane ~re" uency.

Revised format for, ,'. _

a fracti Proof readmn ,,- od,·t-

on of the It ~ Q>I ... IlI1g

~ , va age across the Icad ca. _ __

signal. - n be used to prOvjcle the

RF osciUator as a self-d~· .....

, Nen amplifier with. '''. ' ._ . .

a p~ua n e ~ lC C1 reuit as th e

the tuning of RF 0':- ·11, t - ' .

sema ors by ad~ustment o:f Land C.

10. Simple ~io Transmitters 10.1 10.2 10.3

State the need for carrier frequency stabl~i!Uy.

List the main causes of LC osd~lh;litof dirty,

State that a quartz crysta~ can b::haVle 8.S a highly stable LC 'CiFcuit havingl a resonant frequency that depends upon CI)~\si'ta~ thickness.

10,4 Describe a simple crystal osdUator circuit

state reasons for incjuding a RF amp~:i;fier S;teJ9'9 in a iralnlsm itt€! r,

10J3 Describe why modulation, or keymnQ, iis no:~ carried out at the master osciUa~or stage.

10.7 Sketch and describe the block d~agram of a srumlpll€l oontinuous wave (CW)

transmitter.

10.8 Sketch and describe the block diagram ofs smmple AM transmitter. 10~9 Sketch and describe the block diagram o:f a. simpl,e IFM~ra,n$mittr:!r.

10.10 Describe the conseouences of fainng to match the transmitter OUltplJl~ stagl€! to its load.

I RADIO RECEIVERS

11. Simple Radio Receivers.

11.1 Describe the use of a parallel resonant circuit to provide se~er:~ivi1)t.

11.2 Describe the process of demodul.ating an A:M wave D'Y means 0'[ d~ode. "

11 .3 State why the demod~1,anng, dlode ~s ineff€cUv€ if the RF input to it ]5 sm.a~,I" am)

hence states the need for RF ampiifi,cation. . .

11.4 Describe in simph~ terms how an active devwce (b!,ad~. box treatment) ~s used to

rovide RF amplification of a rece~,ved s~'gnal. .' . . ..' .

PD lbe l s'lmpl'~ terms how an ,acui,ve dievwce (black box~rea~ment) IS used to

11.5 escn e In ,~ .. ' - ' .. -

. unolifl tlc n after demo d Ui~a tie n,

provide AF amp I lea 10 - - . _ , .. , ' , .. ~ . . (TRF) receiver.

. . . ,- die ram of a t.uned RadHJ Frecj(J,ency

11.6 Sketch and describe tns bIOC.k. ,g, .. _' . __ .. _. t f--nuend:es are, prssentat input of ell

'F ." . ' 5 h.j8,\I'!ng d I'ft'el ren. - r~ '1 - - •. .

11 7 State that when two R carmer .' - - ", .... c th - OUltpu~ signal will Include

. -. _I c-h.::r.ract€'nst1c then ~

havi a sq u a re- aw . - ICiI . '. '., t

device avmg . .. - - ,, __ ~ d'ff@ren()9S of those a.t the Inpul.

h t are the sum a,nu, . I j -

frequency components t a.·,·, .. . _.,.:. _ . ncies are multip,lied bJglether

. . .. _ s having dlff€r~nt fr,equen. -

11.8 State that when earner wave, . s

d difference frequenc~,R. they yield sum an

__ valUe of IF. the loC8' osciH tor ng to co r pedfted

Mlll.canUn rf ren . n 'int rf fl.

_iDllStftbe 1M NSJ)OI'IH requirem nts f Ihe RF mlifi r ,f su rh t rod II

li~ n

nd

ri the b1 '"

rn - f J sIn 1 t+ ~ u rh t d"!r' ne r

;M i In~I~.

f rid trams( rrn

J RE ElVER PERFORM NeE

Th - rt n f in n St n 31 .. t -N

S tare n

1... State that th

in R

n ran

R D'I, P'ROPAiGATI N

1(1, ~nli'!lrn~ A~,p~cls; of RJjio 'Pro-po.;lntion.

1 .: Us:l thl c

,,,,"

D-c'~ n Dtstint: II I:$h b t\, 3\.1 ~lH .

..

.. ..

Revised fOrmat for proD' readillg .& edIting ranges and bandWidth limitations tot each mode of

ICATION.

rtimlA' basIc operation of the opUcal1 - fibre' as ,a comm1uI1ication Unk. advantages of optical fibre one cooper ~ WiSE!'.

1:!!.1hl"r\'A the purpose 'of se,ar,ching. of switching.

describe the step by step mett"ioCl ,of switohing .

•

explain the stored program concept