Excitation System - MarunII-Thyricon Operation Manual Full

Marun II
210-6610 H102
Operation Manual Rev.
Excitation System 2007-07-23
A
Thyricon 500
Static excitation system
Operation manual
Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

VSO Name Sign. Name Sign. Name Sign.
24.11.04
Maal GSm GSm
Page 1 of 2
GE01-OI-MI-OperationInstructionsManual-RevA.doc
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
Table of contents:
1 Safety instructions
2 Technical description
3 Operator panel OP177B
4 Operator panel OP1S
©Copyright by VOITH SIEMENS Hydro Power Generation, Oslo Norway.

All Rights reserved
The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or contents is
not permitted without express written authority.
Offenders will be liable for damages. All rights, including rights created
by patent grant or registration of a utility model or
design, are reserved.

24.11.04
Maal GSm GSm
Page 2 of 2
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
Thyricon 500
1 Safety instructions

24.11.04
Maal GSm GSm
Page 1 of 6
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
Safety information
WARNING
Hazardous voltages and rotating parts (fans) are present in this electrical equipment during
operation. Non-observance of the safety instructions can result in death, severe personal injury
or substantial property damage.
Only qualified personnel should work on or around the equipment after first becoming
thoroughly familiar with all warning and safety notices and maintenance procedures contained
herein. The successful and safe operation of this equipment is dependent on proper handling,
installation, operation and maintenance.
Definitions:
• QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
For the purpose of this Instruction Manual and product labels, a "Qualified person" is
someone who is familiar with the installation, construction and operation of the equipment
and the hazards involved. He or she must have the following qualifications:
1. Trained and authorized to energize, de-energize, clear, ground and tag circuits and
equipment in accordance with established safety procedures.
2. Trained in the proper care and use of protective equipment in accordance with
established safety procedures.
3. Trained in rendering first aid.
• DANGER
indicates an imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will
result in death or serious injury.
• WARNING
indicates a potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could
result in death or serious injury.
• CAUTION
used with the safety alert symbol indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, may result in minor or moderate injury.
• CAUTION
used without the safety alert symbol indicates a potentially hazardous
situation which, if not avoided, may result in property damage.
24.11.04
Maal GSm GSm
Page 2 of 6
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
• NOTICE
NOTICE used without the safety alert symbol indicates a potentially
situation which, if not avoided, may result in an undesireable result or
state.
NOTE
These operating instructions do not purport to cover all details or variations in equipment, nor to
provide for every possible contingency to be met in connection with installation, operation or
maintenance.
Should further information be desired or should particular problems arise which are not covered
sufficiently for the purchaser's purposes, the matter should be referred to the local Voith
Siemens Sales Office.
The contents of these operating instructions shall not become part or modify any prior or existing
agreement, commitment or relationship. The Sales Contract contains the entire obligations of
Voith Siemens. The warranty contained in the contract between the parties is the sole warranty
of Voith Siemens. Any statements contained herein do not create new warranties or modify the
existing warranty.

24.11.04
Maal GSm GSm
Page 3 of 6
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
DANGER
Converters contain hazardous electrical voltages, Death, severe bodily injury or significant
material damage can occur if the safety measures are not followed.
1. Only qualified personnel, who are knowledgeable about the converters and the
provided information, can install, start up, operate, troubleshoot or repair the converters.
2. The converters must be installed in accordance with all relevant safety regulations (e.g.
DIN VDE) as well as all other national or local regulations. Operational safety and reliability
must be ensured by correct grounding, cable dimensioning and appropriate short-circuit
protection.
3. All panels and doors must be kept closed during normal operation.
4. Before carrying out visual checks and maintenance work, ensure that the AC power
supply is disconnected and locked out. Before the AC supply is disconnected, converters
have hazardous voltage levels. Even when the converter contactor is open, hazardous
voltages are still present.
5. When making measurements with the power supply switched on, electrical connections
must not be touched under any circumstances. Remove all jewelry from wrists and fingers.
Ensure that the test equipment is in good conditions and operationally safe.
6. Carefully follow the relevant instructions and observe all danger, warning and
cautionary instructions.
7. This does not represent a full listing of all the measures necessary for safe operation of
the equipment. If you require other information or if certain problems occur which are not
handled in enough detail in the information provided in the Instruction Manual, please
contact your local Voith Siemens office.

24.11.04
Maal GSm GSm
Page 4 of 6
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
CAUTION
Electrostatically sensitive devices
The converter contains electrostatically sensitive devices. These can easily be destroyed if they are not
handled correctly. If, however, it is absolutely essential for you to work on electronic modules, please pay
careful attention to the following instructions:
• Electronic modules (PCBs) should not be touched unless work has to be carried out on them.
• Before touching a PCB, the person carrying out the work must himself be electrostatically discharged.
The simplest way of doing this is to touch an electrically conductive earthed object, e.g. socket outlet
earth contact.
• PCBs must not be allowed to come into contact with electrically insulating materials − plastic foil,
insulating table tops or clothing made of synthetic fibers −
• PCBs may only be set down or stored on electrically conducting surfaces.
• When carrying out soldering jobs on PCBs, make sure that the soldering tip has been earthed.
• PCBs and electronic components should generally be packed in electrically conducting containers
(such as metallized-plastic boxes or metal cans) before being stored or shipped.
• If the use of non-conducting packing containers cannot be avoided, PCBs must be wrapped in a
conducting material before being put in them. Examples of such materials include electrically
conducting foam rubber or household aluminium foil.
For easy reference, the protective measures necessary when dealing with sensitive electronic components
are illustrated in the sketches below.
a = Conductive flooring d = Anti-static overall
b = Anti-static table e = Anti-static chain
c = Anti-static footwear f = Earthing connections of cabinets
d d d
b b
e e
f f f f f
c a c
a a
Seated workstation Standing workstation Standing/seated workstation

24.11.04
Maal GSm GSm
Page 5 of 6
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
WARNING
Hazardous voltages and rotating parts (fans) are present in this electrical equipment during
operation.
Non-observance of the safety instructions can result in death, severe personal injury or
substantial property damage.
Only qualified personnel should work on or around the equipment after first becoming
thoroughly familiar with all warning and safety notices and maintenance procedures contained
herein.
The successful and safe operation of this equipment is dependent on proper handling,
installation, operation and maintenance.

24.11.04
Maal GSm GSm
Page 6 of 6
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
Thyricon 500
2 Technical description

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 1 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
Table of content:
2.1. General information 4

2.1.1. Excitation System 4
2.1.2. Thyricon 500 12
2.2. Hardware Description 14

2.2.1. Electronic Modules 14
2.2.1.1. T400 14
2.2.1.2. CUD1 14
2.2.1.3. HMI 15
2.2.1.4. PLC 15
2.2.1.5. CBP2 15
2.2.1.6. DP/DP Coupler 15
2.2.1.7. Power Supply 15
2.2.2. Power Part 15
2.2.2.1. Rectifier Bridge 15
2.2.2.2. Excitation Circuit Breaker 16
2.2.3. Field Flashing 16
2.2.4. Field Discharge and Overvoltage Protection Circuit 16
2.2.5. Signal Interfaces 17
2.2.5.1. Transducers 17
2.2.5.2. Relays 17
2.3. Functional Description 18

2.3.1. Control modes 18
2.3.1.1. Automatic Modes 20
2.3.1.2. Manual mode 21
2.3.2. Limiters 21
2.3.2.1. UExc – Underexcitation Limiter 22
2.3.2.2. FOC – Field Overcurrent Limiter 22
2.3.2.3. FCL – Fast Field Current Limiter 23
2.3.2.4. VHz – Volts/Hertz Limiter 24
2.3.2.5. GOC – Generator Overcurrent Limiter 25

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 2 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.3.3. Power System Stabilizer 26
2.4. Interface 27
2.5. Applicable codes 28

2.5.1. Standards for Excitation Systems 28
2.5.2. Converter Standards (SIMOREG) 28
2.6. Allowable stresses and load cases 29
2.7. Spare parts 29

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 3 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.1. General information

2.1.1. Excitation System
The Static Excitation system is mainly composed by:
9 Voltage Regulator (Excitation panels)

9 Excitation Transformer
9 Potential and Current Transformers
9 Interconnections
In the following figure is shown a general diagram.
Voltage Regulator
Excitation Transformer
Potential Transformer
Generator output
Control
Current Transformer
Figure 1
Interconnections are bus or cables and all wires that link the excitation system parts
together.
24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 4 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
Potential and Current Transformers are used to transform the generators voltage and
current into values that can be read by the Voltage Regulator. In Thyricon there are
transducers that convert the signals to electronic levels. Both the Potential and Current
transformers and the transducers share the task of adapting signals from the machine to
electronic signal levels.
The Excitation Transformer is a step down transformer used to feed the rectifier bridge and
consequently the field. The Standard Excitation Transformer is a dry three-phase, Y / ∆ or ∆ /
Y, which is dimensioned to guarantee 110% of maximum excitation system power.
Thyricon Voltage Regulators are compact standard products which are used in small,
medium or large Hydro Power Plants. The selection of Thyricon model and type depends on
the current and field voltage.
Thyricon 500 is limited on 1000V by Simoreg converter.
The concept of redundancy in Thyricon 500 is 1+1 which can be executed in a cold or hot
standby.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 5 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
Thyricon 500 uses a standard converter from Siemens AG (Simoreg 6RA70) with specific
boards working as an integrated control system. Integrated control means the control is
executed in boards (T400, CUD1, CUD2) placed in the converter unit.
Thyricon 500 main components
PLC Siemens
OP Siemens S7-300
Exc. Transformer Exc. Breaker
Transducers Control
Integrated Control
boards
Siemens Converter
Field Discharge and
pre-excitation Simoreg
Over voltage Protection
Figure 2

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 6 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
Voltage Regulators are normally divided in two parts: the control and the power part as
shown in Figure 1.
The control part is mainly composed by electronic modules as Programmable Logic

Controllers (PLC), Human Machine Interfaces (HMI), power supplies, interface relays,
transducers, communication boards and control boards.
The Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) is located in the control part.
The power part is composed by circuits and components more robust than the control part.
Rectifier bridges, overvoltage detection circuit, field flashing circuit, discharge circuit and bus
are located in the power part (see figure 3).
For Thyricon 500, it is used two cubicles as standard, one for power parts and one for
electronic parts. (Two power cubicles for redundant system) The communication boards and
control boards are standard Siemens boards mounted inside the Simoreg frame. The
overvoltage detection, field flashing and discharge circuits are located in the upper part of the
control cubicle.
In the Thyricon 500 power cubicle, two splice bars in the DC-circuit can be crossed to enable
polarity exchange on the field,

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 7 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
The following figure gives a overview over the power part.
ExcitationTransfor
BOD
= VCC
3ф≈ VAC
Votage Regulator
Figure 3
Note: Field circuit breaker (DC) and a three phase field flashing supply are
optional.
The controlled rectifier bridge is used to transform the voltage and current from AC to DC.
The generator output voltage is controlled by changing the bridge(s) firing angle and
consequently the field voltage amplitude. Thus the reactive power is controlled and the
generator can produce or consume reactive power from the grid.
As the thyristor bridge is supplied directly for the generator, it is necessary to use an auxiliary
power supply for starting the machine. The residual voltage is not enough to the excitation
system starts by itself. The auxiliary power supply may come from the dc battery circuit or
from an auxiliary ac circuit, managed for the Field Flashing circuit.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 8 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
On the machine starting, the Voltage Regulator builds-up the generator output voltage to the
setpoint voltage and waits the automation/synchronoscope orders to equalize the generator
voltage to the grid voltage, making possible the synchronization.
Synchronization
Sincronization
voltage (pu)
1,1
Voltage Regulator
0,9
0,7
0,5
Governor
0,3
0,1
-0,1 0 0 , 0 1 0, 0 2 0, 0 3 0, 0 4 0, 0 5 0 , 0 6
time
-0,3
-0,5
-0,7
grid
-0,9
-1,1 Generator output
Figure 4

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 9 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
The Figure 5 illustrates how the speed governor and voltage regulator work in order to adjust
the synchronous machine operational point.
Machine
MachineOperation Point
Operational Point
105
P [W]
90
75
Governor
60
45
30
15
Voltage Regulator
0
-100 -50 0 50 100
Q [VAR] ind
Q [VAR] cap
Figure 5

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 10 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
The main functions of a Voltage Regulator are:
9 Start in ramp (from 30 to 110% of rated generator voltage)

9 Field discharge
9 Trip detection and signalization
9 Excitation Breaker commands
9 Pre synchronizing control (optional)
9 Voltage control
9 Reactive power control
9 Power Factor control
9 Power system stabilization
9 Machine Protection using specified limiters
9 Signalization of events, trips, alarms in HMI
9 Temperature monitoring (cubicle, thyristors, transformer)

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 11 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.1.2. Thyricon 500
The Voltage Regulator Thyricon 500 is a compact standard product which is used in small or
medium Power Plants
As an advantage Thyricon 500 is built with standard products that are easily found worldwide
in case of maintenance, technical support or specific training.
The hardware philosophy was developed for using only one (01) bridge to supply the field
current. This single bridge is able to supply currents at least of 1,4 of nominal field generator
current. In case of redundant configuration (optional) two bridges are used but only one
bridge work per time supplying a hundred percent (100%) of the momentary Field current.
The redundant configuration is implemented using a configuration with two (02) bridges. The
control of these rectifiers can either follow the cold stand-by or the hot stand-by philosophy
(optional). The difference concerning cold and hot stand-by is how the transference between
bridges is done.
With could stand-by philosophy the system is shut down and the transference is done
manually. This means that one thyristor bridge is in operation, while the other is not in
operation. Auxiliary power to the redundant bridge is switched off by a latched relay and
ensures that no surges in auxiliary power damage both bridges.
In case of a trip of the excitation system, the HPP operator can inspect the system before he
switches over to the other bridge with a pushbutton in front of the cubicle.
The advantage of this solution is that a short-circuit on the slip-rings will not blow the fuses of
both thyristor bridges.
In the hot stand-by philosophy the transference is done automatically with the machine
running, without any disturbance at generator output voltage (bumpless transition) .One
bridge is in operation and the other is in standby. Should an internal fault on one of the
bridges occure, the other will take over the load. The advantage of this system is that you
avoid power loss in critical grids, and water loss in river hydro power plants.
Thyricon 500 can be operated locally by HMI or remotely via Profibus and conventional
signals (relays or analog signals). The selection between Local and Remote operation is
made using a key localized in front of panel.
Thyricon 500 has five (05) operating modes: three (03) in Automatic and two (02) in Manual.
Automatic modes:
9 AVR – Automatic Voltage Regulator
9 VAR – Reactive Power Regulator
9 Cosφ – Cosine φ Regulator
Manual modes:
24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 12 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
9 FCR – Field Current Regulator

9 EFCR – Emergency Field Current Regulator
The switch over from Automatic to Manual modes occurs automatically when specific fails
happen or manually for testing and commissioning.
The following descriptions focus on a standard product that aims on cost reduction,
representing the minimum requirements for a medium sized power plant. All other customer
specific requirements shall be handled with delta engineering effort.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 13 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.2. Hardware Description

2.2.1. Electronic Modules
The electronic modules from SIMOREG DC-MASTER 6RA70 are used in Thyricon 500 to
implement all control, supervision and protection functions. The basic controller card, CUD1,
is always delivered with the Simoreg converters.
Some additional electronic components are used to make the specific operation of the
automatic voltage regulator. T400 and CBP2 are optional boards from SIMOREG series
used to complement the Thyricon functions. The mainly functions of CUD1, T400, CBP2 and
the other electronic modules are described below.
2.2.1.1. T400
The T400 is an independent programmable SIMOREG Series board. It is responsible for the
control loop central processing. Its software is implemented with standard CFC/STEP7
packages.
T400 is also used for alarming, supervision and monitoring functions of the entire excitation
system.
T400 has the following inputs and outputs :

- two analog outputs;
- five analog inputs;
- two binary outputs;
- eight binary inputs;
- four bidirectional binary inputs or outputs.
2.2.1.2. CUD1
CUD1 (Control Unit / Direct Current) is a basic electronic board from SIMOREG converter.
CUD1 shares with T400 the control and monitoring supervision of the excitation system. It
has a PID (Proportional Integral) controller usually by-passed when T400 is working, which is
used as an emergency field current controller. It generates the thyristor bridge firing pulses.
CUD2 is an extension card for the CUD1 to achieve more I/O.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 14 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.2.1.3. HMI
Thyricon 500 uses Siemens OP177B HMI (Human Machine Interface). All the necessary
information requested for a safe and friendly Thyricon 500 operation can be obtained on the
HMI; it is possible to choose Thyricon 500 control mode, to adjust the controller setpoint, to
access the chronological alarm list and to survey equipments status.
With the option EFCR, an optional HMI, OP1S, is assembled on the Simoreg rectifier that
enables HMI with defect OPO177B
2.2.1.4. PLC
Thyricon 500 uses a programmable logic controller from S7-300 series when a Profibus DP,
Profibus FMS or Ethernet protocol is required to provide communication with the power plant
network. The S7-300 PLC provides also, by PROFIBUS-DP, communication between the
control boards and the HMI.
2.2.1.5. CBP2
The Communication Board Profibus CBP2 is used to provide a communication channel to
external devices/networks. In other words, to exchange signals by communication channel,
Thyricon 500 uses the CPB2 as the communication port.
It links the T400 board to S7-300 CLP via PROFIBUS-DP.
2.2.1.6. DP/DP Coupler

Thyricon 500 has an internal PROFIBUS-DP network between S7300, CBP2 and HMI. The
DP/DP Coupler is used to connect the internal network to the power plant automation
network.
2.2.1.7. Power Supply

The input range voltages of the Thyricon 500 electronic modules power supply are from 380
to 460 V (two phase, rated current: 1A) or from 190 to 230 V (monophase, rated current: 2A).
2.2.2. Power Part

The power part is mainly composed by the rectifier bridge and the excitation circuit breaker
described below.
2.2.2.1. Rectifier Bridge

Thyricon 500 uses a three phase full controlled rectifier bridge (B6C), fed by a step down
transformer, to provide the required generator excitation current.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 15 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.2.2.2. Excitation Circuit Breaker

The Excitation Circuit Breaker is placed between the Excitation Transformer and the Rectifier
Bridge. Its actuation is coordinated with the Field Discharge and Overvoltage Protection
Circuit.
2.2.3. Field Flashing

The Field Flashing device provides the initial energy to the field winding during the machine
starting process independently of the remanent voltage. It is connected to the field winding in
parallel with the thyristor rectifier bridge. The Field Flashing device is responsible for
building-up the generator voltage to a level where the system can be auto-excited (thyristor
bridge starts working).
The field flashing device can use two different power supplies:
9 Power plant battery (main power supply)
9 Power plant auxiliary system (back-up)
2.2.4. Field Discharge and Overvoltage Protection Circuit

The Field Discharge and Overvoltage Protection Circuit are designed to drain the field
winding power in order to prevent damages in the generator and excitation system. They are
composed of the following components:
9 Field Discharge Resistor
9 Current measurement (shunt)
9 Field Discharge Contactor
9 Static switch
9 Crowbar
The Crowbar has the function of detecting field overvoltages and firing the static switch that
is composed of two thyristors in anti-parallel connection. The static switch inserts rapidly the
Field Discharge Resistor in parallel with the field winding. The CUD1 detects the current
flowing through the shunt and start a trip condition, asking for the shutdown of the system.
When the excitation system received the trip signal, the Excitation circuit breaker opens and
the Field Discharge Contactor is forced to close reducing the static switch electrical
stressing.
So, the field discharge contactor action is coordinated with the excitation circuit breaker,
when one is opened, the other is closed.
During the Field Discharge process, the thyristors bridge firing angle is turned to 150o, that
decreases the field discharging time.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 16 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.2.5. Signal Interfaces
2.2.5.1. Transducers
The transducers convert electrical signals coming from the power plant to adequate
voltage/current levels for Thyricon 500 inputs.
2.2.5.2. Relays
The auxiliary relays are used to provide galvanic insulation between the Thyricon 500
electronic boards and the power plant signal cables.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 17 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.3. Functional Description

The Thyricon 500 Excitation System is designed to offer a complete set of automatic and
manual voltage regulation for synchronous machines. A functional description of the Thyricon
500 control modes is herein presented.
2.3.1. Control modes

The Thyricon 500 has five different control modes that can be grouped in two categories:
9 Automatic Modes:
- AVR : Automatic Voltage Regulator
- VAR : Volt Ampère Regulator
- CosΦ: Cosine φ Regulator
9 Manual Modes
- Field Current Regulator
- Emergency Field Current Regulator
The Automatic Modes are responsible for terminal voltage regulation, reactive power
regulation or power factor regulation.
The Manual Modes control the generator field current. They are used for commissioning and
as Automatic Modes backup.
The Thyricon 500 is equipped with follow-up functions that force the inactive modes to track
the active mode. This feature ensures that the transitions between the control modes,
requested by the operator or caused by a defective device, are always bumpless.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 18 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
In the following figure, the Thyricon 500 state machine is presented:
Figure 6
State Machine Legend

Off Thyricon 500 turned off
EM ready Emergency Start Mode ready
Aut ready Automatic Start Mode ready
Flash Field Flashing
TRIP Trip requisition to the Automation System
EFCR Emergency Field Current Regulator
FCR Field Current Regulator
AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
Cosϕ Cosine ϕ Regulator
VAR Volt Ampère Regulation
El Brake Unit Electromagnetic Brake Mode
Sdown System shut down

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 19 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.3.1.1. Automatic Modes

The Automatic Modes features three different modes of controlling automatically the
generator voltage:
9 AVR : Automatic Voltage Regulator
9 MVAr : MVAr Regulator
9 Cosφ: Cosine φ Regulator
The Automatic Modes purpose is to regulate automatically the generator voltage, the
generator reactive power or the generator power factor. The AVR has the basic structure of
voltage regulation. The MVAr and the Cosφ employ the AVR mode as a subordinated
structure, changing the AVR setpoint in order to obtain the desired generator reactive power
or power factor.
AVR – Automatic Voltage Regulator

The AVR function is to control the generator terminal voltage employing a PID (proportional
integral and derivative) in the control loop. The difference between the setpoint voltage and
the generator voltage is the PID input. Its output controls the thyristor bridge firing angle, as a
result, the AVR increases or decreases the field winding voltage in order to regulate the
generator terminal voltage.
The range of the AVR setpoint is typically from 90% to 110% of the nominal voltage. The
setpoint can be increased or decreased locally, from the HMI in the excitation panel’s door,
or remotely by network or hard-wire connections from the control room.
Reactive and Active Droop Compensators

In addition to the AVR structure there are the Reactive and Active Droop Compensators.
They are used with the purpose of compensating active and reactive voltage drops in the
step-up transformer and/or transmission line. The Reactive Droop Compensation has also
the function of sharing the reactive power among synchronous machines connected in
parallel or connected to the grid.
VAR – Reactive Power Regulator

The VAR Regulator uses the Automatic Voltage Regulator as a subordinated structure; it
uses the same PID controller and limiters employed in the AVR.
The VAR Regulator increases or decreases the voltage setpoint of the AVR, now operating
as a subordinated module, in order to achieve the required reactive power supplied or
consumed by the synchronous machine.
Cosφ – Power Factor Regulator

Just as the VAR Regulator, the Cosφ Regulator works with the AVR as a subordinated
module. The Cosφ Regulator increases or decreases the AVR setpoint in a way to obtain the
desired power factor.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 20 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.3.1.2. Manual mode

In the Thyricon 500 Manual Mode the generator terminal voltage is controlled manually by an
operator. The Manual Mode acts as a field current regulator. The operator controls indirectly
the terminal voltage by setting the Excitation Current Setpoint.
The Manual Mode works as a backup of the Automatic Mode, but it has additional purposes
in tests like obtaining both the generator no-load and short-circuit characteristics, and also
calibrating the protection devices during commissioning.
There are two different Manual Modes:

9 FCR – Field Current Regulator
9 EFCR – Emergency Field Current Regulator
FCR – Field Current Regulator
The FCR mode controls the synchronous machine excitation current without a closed loop
for generator terminal voltage. The Excitation Current Setpoint is set locally or remotely in
order to adjust the generator voltage.
EFCR – Emergency Field current Regulation

In extremely severe circumstance, where neither the Automatic Modes nor the Field Current
Regulator works, the EFCR assumes the task of controlling the field winding current. The
EFCR is the emergency backup mode of the FCR mode if the T400-card fails.
2.3.2. Limiters
A limiter is an element that modifies or replaces an excitation control function when
predetermined circumstances have been reached. Limiters act in a way of avoiding
inappropriate operational conditions of the excitation system, generator or step-up
transformer.
Limiter interventions are properly signalized; however, they do not request trip to the
automation or protection systems.
The main limiters featured in the Thyricon 500 are:

9 UExc – Underexcitation Limiter
9 FOC – Field Overcurrent Limiter
9 FCL – Fast Current Limiter
9 VHz – Volts/Hertz Limiter
9 GOC – Generator Overcurrent Limiter

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 21 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.3.2.1. UExc – Underexcitation Limiter

The underexcitation limiter avoids operation conditions that would cause stator overheating
or instability and loss of synchronism.
The Underexcitation Limiter action is determined by identified regions on the synchronous

machine capability curve. The curve and the limiter regions can be programmed in the
Thyricon 500 logic controller. The Underexcitation Limiter and Loss of Excitation Protection
adjusting must be defined all together.
The curve for the UExc can be defined with up to 6 points. When the reactive power is
outside this curve the UEXc increase the setpoint for the AVR and with that increasing the
reactive power such that the operating point is returned to the positiv side of the limiter.
The figure below shows the capabilities curve for the synchronous generator and an example
of settings for the underexcitation limiter with three points. The Loss of Excitation Protection
will have a setting in between 3 Practical stability and 5 Underexcitation limiter.
Active output
1 Max. excitation current

2 Stator current
3 Practical stability
4 Min. excitation current
5 Underexcitation limiter
1,0
2
Max. turbine power

C
Underexcited 0,5
Overexcited
B
3
1
4
A
1,0 0,5 0,5 1,0 P.U.
Reactive output
2.3.2.2. FOC – Field Overcurrent Limiter

The overexcitation limiter is used primarily to avoid overheating of the synchronous machine
field winding. The permissible overload of this winding is inversely proportional to time;
therefore, limiter action is delayed. The figure shows two cases for the FOC.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 22 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
If [P.U.]
prospective value of
field current
1.5 Case 1
1.4
Case 2
1.1
1.0
10 t [s]
2.3.2.3. FCL – Fast Field Current Limiter

The Fast Field Current Limiter acts in order to keep the field current below a predetermined
value. The FCL has no time delay. Normal settings for the FCL are 140-200% of nominal
field current.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 23 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.3.2.4. VHz – Volts/Hertz Limiter

The Volts/Hertz Limiter is used to avoid overheating in the synchronous machine and
transformers connected to it due to an excessive magnetic flux caused by an underfrequency
or overvoltage operation, or both.
By activated Volts / Hertz limiter the influence of the Volts / Hertz limiter reduces the upper
limit of generator reference setter.
At nominal frequency the VHz limiter have no influence. Normal setting is that the reference
for the voltage regulator is reduced with 1% with 1% reduction in the frequency
• at rated frequency 50 Hz the reference value range is 90% up to 110%
• at frequency 45 Hz the reference value range is 90% up to 100%
• at frequency 40 Hz the reference value is 90%

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 24 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.3.2.5. GOC – Generator Overcurrent Limiter

The Generator Overcurrent Limiter is used to avoid overheating of the stator due to a rise in
the generator current. The GOC detects the overcurrent and compares it with the reactive
current to determine how the voltage regulator should act. The GOC limits the reactive
current within the curve A-B as shown on the figure below.
Stator overcurrent combined with capacitive stator current demand increasing of the
excitation current; on the other hand, stator overcurrent combined with inductive stator
current demand decreasing of the excitation current.
The Generator Overcurrent limiter works with an adjustable time delay to admit short
overcurrents of the generator for supporting the grid.
The GOC has an adjustablle deadzone near Cosφ=1. This is to avoid oscillation between
over and underexcitated.
If the reactive current is within this deadband and the generator current still is too high, the
active current must be decreased with the turbine governor.
Active current
No operation near
cos phi=1
excitation current higher excitation current lower
A B
generator
current
Reactive current
Deadzone +/- 10%

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 25 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.3.3. Power System Stabilizer

The Thyricon 500 can be delivered with Power System Stabilizer (PSS) as option. This is
programmed according to the model PSS2A from the IEEE 421.5 Standard.
The PSS is used to enhance the damping of oscillations caused by the accelerating power,
the difference between the mechanical power and the electrical power, and to improve the
dynamic performance of the power system.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 26 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.4. Interface
The excitation system has signal interfaces with:
• Automation system
• Protection System
• Excitation Transformer
To exchange signals between the above systems it is used two ways:

• Serial communication (Profibus DP)
• Digital and Analogs signals
Most signals are exchanged by the serial communication channel but the main signals are
hardwired through potential free contacts to allow the system working without serial
communication. Transducers, relays and optical interface are used to provide galvanic
isolation between the external equipment and the Thyricon 500 panels.
Analog signals for remote indication (actual setpoint, field current and field voltage) are
supplied in current signals from 4 to 20 mA, with galvanic isolation, available in the screw
terminals of the excitation system.
All signals and status generated and processed internally at the Thyricon 500 are supplied by
serial communication PROFIBUS DP. The standard signals are showed in the I/O list.
There is a HMI in front of the cubicle which allows local operation and maintenance.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 27 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.5. Applicable codes

2.5.1. Standards for Excitation Systems
IEEE Std. 421.1-1986 Criteria and Definitions
IEEE Std. 421.2-1990 Guide for Identification of Dynamic Performance
IEEE Std. 421.4-1990 Guide for the preparation of Excitation System
Specification
IEEE Std. 421.3-1997 Standard for High-Potential Test Requirements
for Excitation Systems for Synchronous
Machines
IEEE Std. 421.5-1992 Excitation System Models for PSS-Studies
IEC 34-16-1 (1991) Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines
2.5.2. Converter Standards (SIMOREG)

DIN VDE 0106 part 100 Protection against electric shock, location of
actuators near live parts
DIN VDE 0110 part 1 Insulation coordination for electrical equipment in
low-voltage installations
EN 60 146-1-1 /
DIN VDE 0558T11 Semiconductor converters
General requirements and line commutated
converters
EN 50178 / DIN VDE 0160 Regulations for the equipment of electrical power
installatons with electronic equipment.
EN 61800-3 Variable speed drives Part 3, EMC product
standard including special test procedures
EN 60068-2-6 acc. to degree of severity 12(SN29010 part 1) Mechanical stress

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 28 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
2.6. Allowable stresses and load cases

The Standard Excitation system (Thyricon 500) performs the following characteristics:
• The excitation system will be defined to supply continuously 110% of maximum

nominal field generator current as standard (higher value on request).
• Concerning the maximum field voltage (Ceiling Voltage) supplied by Thyricon 500, it
is assumed the following factors:
o Positive Ceiling Voltage: 2,0 pu (higher value on request).
o Negative Ceiling Voltage: -1,6 pu (higher value on request).
Note: 1,0 pu = Nominal field generator voltage.
• For maximum excitation current it is defined to 140% of the nominal field generator
current for 10 seconds as a standard (higher value on request).
2.7. Spare parts

Voith Siemens provide spare parts in packages designed to fit each project, depending on
redundancy concept. Spare parts can also be provided in connection with service.

24.11.04
GSm GSm
Page 29 of 29
Marun II
210-6610 H102
Operation Instructions Manual Rev.
A
Thyricon 500
3 Operator panel OP177B Mono

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 1 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
Table of content:
3.1 General 3
3.1.1 Application 3
3.2 Design 4
3.2.1 Password 4
3.3 LED Indication 5

3.3.1 Function keys 6
3.3.2 Screen selection 6
3.3.3 Direct commands to regulator SW 7
3.4 Screens 8
3.4.1 Main page 8
3.4.2 System settings 9
3.4.3 PLC diagnostic buffer 10
3.4.4 Operational page 11
3.4.4.1 Per unit presentation 12
3.4.4.2 Setpoint 13
3.4.5 Trend curves 14
3.4.6 Limiters 15
3.4.7 Alarm list 16
3.4.8 Temperatures 17
3.4.9 Transformer temperature 18

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 2 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.1 General
SIMATIC-HMI OP-177B graphic operator panel is based on the Microsoft Windows CE
operating system.
3.1.1 Application
The panel is mounted in front of the Thyricon panel left door and directly linked to a
SIMATIC-S7 300 series CPU through the standard SIMATIC-S7 MPI bus. The MPI bus is a
local network inside the Thyricon cubicle, independent from surrounding networks. The
SIMATIC-S7 CPU communicates both internally and externally on the Profibus DP network.
The figure above shows a section from the network design application in the STEP7
programming tool for SIMATIC-S7. The section describes the two internal networks in
Thyricon. The MPI is for visualisation and programming, 187.5 Kbps. The Profibus DP bus is
for process data, 1.5 Mbps.
Thyricon network participants:

SIMATIC 315-2DP: Master controller (CPU) on both networks. Provides data between
nodes on the process network.
PG/PC: A computer entry on the MPI network. Used for programming and
downloading SIMATIC-S7 CPU’s and OP177B software.
OP177B: Status and control of the DC master through the SIMATIC-S7.
DCmaster (CBP2): The CBP2 is a profibus network card for the DC master. Status, control
and measurements are provided through this node.
DP/DP coupler: Allows the surrounding control system to control the DP network as a
master. I.e. enables the Thyricon to connect to a SIMATIC-S7 400
series through the DP network.

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 3 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.2 Design
The figure below shows the operator panel in operation.
The operator panel includes main features are:

• Microsoft Windows CE operating system
• Full graphical LCD display @ 320 x 240 pixels in 4 different blue colours.
3.2.1 Password
Enter password to navigate certain areas in OP177B. Entered password expires after 5
minutes. The password is can be adjusted according to customers specifications.

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 4 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.3 LED Indication

LEDs are used as extra indication of the function keys. The LEDs have green colour, and are
either flashing or steady light. Flashing is used to catch attention, and steady light indicates
an active function.
LED at key Description Meaning:

K1 EXC ON Steady LED: Excitation on.
K3 EXC OFF Steady LED: Excitation off.
K4 FCR MODE Steady LED: Regulator in FCR-mode
K5 AVR MODE Steady LED: Regulator in AVR-mode
K6 COS MODE Steady LED: Regulator in Cos phi-mode
K7 MVAr MODE Steady LED: Regulator in MVAr-mode
F5 LIMIT LIST Flashing LED: At least one limit function active.
K2 Reset Flashing LED: At least one fault or alarm present in T400

card or in CUD1 card.
K8 BRIDGE 1 Steady LED: Bridge 1 active (option)
K9 BRIDGE 2 Steady LED: Bridge 2 active (option)
If K4, K5, K6 and K7 are dark, the regulator is in EFCR-mode.

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 5 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.3.1 Function keys
The most important functions are placed directly at function keys, which are common
regardless of the window chosen. Some of the keys are short-cuts to certain
pictures/windows, and some keys set direct commands to the process.
3.3.2 Screen selection
Key Description Function

F1 OPER. PAGE Link to operation page. This screen contains different
scaled measurements.
F3 ALARM LIST Alarm protocol screen.
F5 LIMIT LIST Status screen with indication for limiter functions inside
the regulator SW-
F7 TREND Open trend screen with curves trace at time around the
PAGE latest trip condition.
K13 TEMP PAGE Temperatures inside cubicle, on heatsinks and calculated
rotor temperature.
K12 MAIN PAGE Start page/ main page.
F3 ALARM LIST Alarm protocol screen.

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 6 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.3.3 Direct commands to regulator SW

F2 SETPOINT Increases setpoint of regulator in all operating modes
RAISE except EFCR mode.
F4 SETPOINT Reduces setpoint of regulator in all operating modes
LOWER except EFCR mode.
F8 LOCAL/ Switches between local and remote state on Thyricon.
REMOTE
K2 RESET Reset fault messages from Simoreg/T400 inside Thyricon.
K1 EXC OFF Switches off the excitation if generator circuit breaker is

open.
K3 EXC ON Switch on the excitation if all start conditions are fulfilled,
local state is active and not in EFCR operating mode..
K4 FCR MODE Request to enter FCR mode if EFCR switch is off and
local state is active.
K5 AVR MODE Request to enter AVR mode if EFCR switch is off and
local state is active.
K6 COS MODE Request to enter Cos(Φ) mode if AVR or MVAR mode is
active, local state is active, generator circuit breaker is
closed and actual Cos(Φ) is within set limits.
K7 MVAr MODE Request to enter MVAr mode if AVR or Cos(Φ) mode is
active, local state is active and generator circuit breaker is
closed.
K8 BRIDGE 1 Request to change to bridge 1 (hot-standby only) in all
operating modes except EFCR mode and local state is
active
K9 BRIDGE 2 Request to change to bridge 2 (hot-standby only) in all
operating modes except EFCR mode and local state is
active

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 7 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.4 Screens
s
3.4.1 Main page
After an OP177B reboot the main page screen appears. The main page screen is also linked
to the key K12. The screen does not contain any direct functions, but provides access to
system settings, PLC diagnostic buffer and an overview of the external signals received from
the automation system
In addition the main page contains actual date and time. This is the system time fetched from
the SIMATIC-S7 CPU. The time can be synchronized once a night, through the Profibus DP,
from the automation system. Default time is 03:00.
9 F9
10 F9
11 F9
12 13 14
FT1 FT1
FT2 FT3
FT1 FT4
FT1 FT5 FT6

FT1 Sys.setting Change to system settings page
FT2 PLC Msg Change to PLC diagnostic buffer
FT5 Ext Signals Change to external signals screen
FT6 Return Return to previous screen

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 8 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.4.2 System settings
The system setting screen is not in use during normal operation of Thyricon. The screen
enables the operator to change certain settings for the operator panel.
This screen contains actual time, including functionality for time and date setting of the plc
and the operator paneø. These values are changed by inserting correct numbers in the
fields. The numbers are entered with the keyboard that appears when pressing on the
desired field. By pressing the ‘Set Time’ the plc and operator panel clock is set according to
the new values. All time information is handled by the plc, the operator panel is thus updated
whenever the plc clock is set.
9 F9
10 F9
11 F9
12 13 14
FT1 FT1
FT2 FT3
FT1 FT4
FT1 FT5 FT6

FT1 Cont. Panel Access to the Windows CE control panel. Settings in
Windows control panel changes the panel properties,
and contains no users function.
FT2 Contrast Contrast +, increase the LCD’s contrast.
FT3 Contrast Contrast -, decrease the LCD’s contrast.
FT4 Download Closes the HMI process, and prepares the panel for
configuration download from WinCC Flexible.
FT5 Chang Switches between the available languages in the HMI
Lang configuration. (English, Norwegian, Portuguese, Spanish
or German)
FT6 Return Return to previous screen

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 9 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.4.3 PLC diagnostic buffer
This screen is not in used in normal operation, but provides access to the SIMATIC-S7 PLC
diagnostic buffer. This is for remote diagnosis of the S7 CPU, and provides the operator
information about fault causes.
9 F9
10 F9
11 F9
12 13 14
FT1 FT1
FT2 FT3
FT1 FT4
FT1 FT5 FT6

FT6 Return Return to previous screen.

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 10 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.4.4 Operational page
This screen is opened by the F1 key and contains the most important measurements,
operational mode, and also the status of the State Machine within the regulator. Through the
functional keys it is also possible to view measurements presented in per unit as either
numeric values or bar graphs. The setpoint for all different states are also accessible from
this screen.
9 F9
10 F9
11 F9
12 13 14
FT1 FT1
FT2 FT3
FT1 FT4
FT1 FT5 FT6

FT1 pu values Measurements scaled in the per unit system.
FT2 Bar Graphs Measurements scaled in per unit as bar graphs
FT3 Setpoint Setpoint screen for AVR, MVAr and Cos Phi
FT5 PSS on/off Switches PSS on/off if the option is available

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 11 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.4.4.1 Per unit presentation
These screens are only reached from the operational page, by pressing functional key
‘FT1’ for textual presentation or ‘FT2’ for bar graph presentation. The measured values are in
the per unit value system. The base for the per unit is related to the generators nominal
ratings, except for the cosine phi which is the actual cosine phi of the generator.
9 F9
10 F9
11 F9
12 13 14 9 F9
10 F9
11 F9
12 13 14
FT1 FT1
FT2 FT1
FT3 FT1
FT4 FT5 FT6 FT1 FT1
FT2 FT1
FT3 FT1
FT4 FT5 FT6


Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 12 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.4.4.2 Setpoint
This screen is only reached from the operational page, by pressing functional key ‘FT3’. Here
the operator can initiate and activate a specified setpoint. This is possible in all regulation
modes (except FCR/EFCR), when the LOCAL state is active. The screen also contains
information, such as regulator mode, actual setpoint and the actual process value for each
regulator mode.
The value is entered through the keyboard that appears after pressing in the field related to
the setpoint. The setpoint change is executed by pressing functional key ‘FT5’.
9 F9
10 F9
11 F9
12 13 14
FT1 FT1
FT2 FT3
FT1 FT4
FT1 FT5 FT6

FT5 Act. Setp. Activate new setpoint.

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 13 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.4.5 Trend curves
This screen is reached by pressing the ‘F7’ key at the bottom left of the operator panel
display area. The values are presented in per unit and the total time for the trend display is
20 seconds. This is not a real time trend, but is read from the plc after certain conditions are
met. This gives a historical view of the conditions related to the last trip command sent to the
excitation system.
The plc starts buffering the measurement to its internally memory when the excitation
breaker closes. If the breaker opens without the system receiving an excitation off command
a trip is defined. The buffered data is transferred to the trend view, along with the
measurements following the trip until the trend view is filled. The number of samples in the
buffered area, the time between each sample and system date and time for the last curve is
also displayed.
9 F9
10 F9
11 F9
12 13 14
FT1 FT1
FT2 FT3
FT1 FT4
FT1 FT5 FT6

The trend view is scaled automatically according to the maximum value within the trend, to
give the best possible presentation the curves are defined as follows:
Symbol Description y-axis Line type Color
If Field current Left Solid Black
Uf Field voltage Right Solid White
Ug Generator voltage Left Dash Black
Q Reactive power Right Dash White

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 14 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
The screen also contains touch keys for scrolling forwards and backwards within the trend as
well as zooming in and out.
The plc stores the values for the trend if power is shut off, thus the last instance can be
retrieved by opening the trend screen later. Please note that the trend view will define an
excitation off command from the OP1S as a trip and trend the measurements accordingly.
3.4.6 Limiters
This screen is opened by the ‘F5’ key. It contains operation status for the five most important
limiters in the Thyricon excitation system. While a limiter is active the LED on the ‘F3’ key
flashes. Details about which limiter is active is indicated within this screen.
9 F9
10 F9
11 F9
12 13 14
FT1 FT1
FT2 FT3
FT1 FT4
FT1 FT5 FT6


Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 15 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.4.7 Alarm list
This screen is opened by the <’F3’ key. Fault information is collected from the DC master
through the CBP2 interface card 400 card in several levels.
9 F9
10 F9
11 F9
12 13 14
FT1 FT1
FT2 FT3
FT1 FT4
FT1 FT5 FT6

FT1 Ack msg Acknowledge fault message.
Fault message status:

K New fault message
KQ Acknowledged (fault message acknowledged in operator panel)
KG Deactivated (fault message acknowledged / reset in DC master)
When a new alarm is triggered it enters the alarm view with the active state (K). If the alarm
is reset in the DC master by the ‘K2’ key, and the trigger is no longer active, the alarm will
change to the active / deactivated state (KG). By acknowledging the alarm with the ‘FT1’ key
the alarm changes to the active / deactivated acknowledged state (KGQ) and is removed
from the alarm view.
If an alarm is in the active (K) state when ‘FT1’ is pressed the alarm changes to the
active / acknowledged state (KQ). The alarm will then be removed from the alarm view when
it is deactivated in the DC master (Reset) and changes to the KGQ state.

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 16 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.4.8 Temperatures
This screen is activated by the ‘K13’ key, and presents cubicle, heatsink and also calculated
rotor temperature. The values on the left hand side, in the column “Measured”, are actual
values. The two other columns are trip and warning levels for the three different
measurements. All values in this screen are read from the T400 card via the Profibus DP
interface. All values are presented in degrees Celsius.
9 F9
10 F9
11 F9
12 13 14
FT1 FT1
FT2 FT3
FT1 FT4
FT1 FT5 FT6

FT1 Transf. temp. Open transformer temperature screen, if such an option
is available

Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 17 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
3.4.9 Transformer temperature

This screen is only available if the analogue transformer temperature option is installed. The
screen is reached by the ‘FT1’ key in the temperature screen and presents different
temperature measurements for the excitation transformer. The column to the right displays
trip and warning levels that are read from the T400 card via the Profibus DP interface. All
values are presented in degrees Celsius.
9 F9
10 F9
11 F9
12 13 14
FT1 FT1
FT2 FT3
FT1 FT4
FT1 FT5 FT6


Maal 01.03.07
Gag
Page 18 of 18
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
Thyricon 500
4 Operator panel OP1S

28.06.06
GSm Maal GSm
Page 1 of 6
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
Table of content:
4.1. General Information 3
4.2. Function keys 4
4.3. Operating the Excitation System 5
4.4. Menu selection 5
4.5. Fault Messages 5
4.6. Measured Values 6

28.06.06
GSm Maal GSm
Page 2 of 6
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
4.1. General Information

The OP1S optional converter operator panel is mounted in the Simoreg DC-master door. The
OP1S is connected to the Simoreg via connector X300. OP1S has a display with 4 x 16
characters for displaying parameter names in plaintext.
The OP1S is installed as a backup for the OP170B and for the EFCR-mode.

28.06.06
GSm Maal GSm
Page 3 of 6
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
4.2. Function keys
Key Function
Excitation On for AVR, FCR and EFCR. 90% speed is

Excitation On
not a start condition
Excitation Off Excitation Off for all modes. interlocked to GCB open
FCR-mode request FCR-mode request
AVR-mode request AVR-mode request
Direct command to Regulator SW. This key is active in

Setpoint up
all operational modes.
Direct command to Regulator SW. This key is active in
Setpoint down
all operational modes.
Parameter key Accessing parameter menu
Reset of fault messages and return to main menu.

Reset
Same Reset function as reset in OP170B.

28.06.06
GSm Maal GSm
Page 4 of 6
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
4.3. Operating the Excitation System

The excitation system can also be operated in AVR/FCR from the OP1S by defect OP170B.
In EFCR mode the Thyricon 500 must always be excited from the OP1S. To excite the unit
again, press the green button (<1>. By pressing the red button <0>, the unit will be is de-
excited by inversion. Note :whether the unit is in EFCR-mode, in FCR-mode or in AVR-mode
before exciting again. This is indicated by the LED on the relay -K1 (FCR), –K2 (AVR) and –
K3 (EFCR).
In all mode you can adjust the set point for voltage or field current using the arrow-keys up
and down. Note: that set point limits (both upper and lower) are programmed, and this means
that one will not get a response if pressing ”Voltage up” while the regulator has reached the
upper or lower limit.
4.4. Menu selection

To access the parameter values, press <P> twice (press steadily and firmly at
approximately 1 sec. interval). The parameter number appears in the upper left part
of the display, the parameter value appears in the lower right part. Carefully observe
where the cursor is placed before entering a number. If you are going to check for
example Ug actual value in kV, press 3076 when the cursor is flashing to the upper
left. After that, press ”P” and you will get to parameter c076. The measured value
appears to the lower right. The P-parameters are three-digit, while the L-parameters
are in the 3000-series. If you wish to step up one parameter, press the arrow-key
pointing upwards without pressing <P> afterwards. To exit the menu and return to the
measurement screen, press <RESET> (on OP1S) twice.
4.5. Fault Messages

Errors causing critical fault on Thyricon will illuminate the red diode in OP1S to light up and a
fault message will appear in the lowest part of the display. This can be either a fault
message, for example F001, or an alarm, A015. If a fault occurs, all messages should be
noted.
Faults in the T400-card (c701-c747) will not appear in the OP1S. To read out these fault it’s
necessery to go int the parameter menu.
The fault messages will be reset once the <RESET>-button on OP1S or OP170B is pressed.
It is therefore crucial for further diagnosis that these are read at trip; fault on Thyricon. When
notet, you can press the <RESET>-button in order to succesfully excite again if the Thyricon
fault was temporary.

28.06.06
GSm Maal GSm
Page 5 of 6
Marun II
210-6610 H102
A
4.6. Measured Values

Some values appear in the display on OP1S, while others are only accessible by entering the
menu. The procedure is the same as for the fault messages.
Field current in percent of the rectifier’s nominal value appears in the first line to the left, the
field voltage in Volt appears in the center, setpoint for EFCR on second line and generator
voltage in pu on third line. The rest is accessible in the menu under c-parameter.

28.06.06
GSm Maal GSm
Page 6 of 6

Excitation System - MarunII-Thyricon Operation Manual Full

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Excitation System - MarunII-Thyricon Operation Manual Full

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Marun II

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

3 Operator panel OP177B

4 Operator panel OP1S

©Copyright by VOITH SIEMENS Hydro Power Generation, Oslo Norway.

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

Seated workstation Standing workstation Standing/seated workstation

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

2.1. General information 4

2.2. Hardware Description 14

2.3. Functional Description 18

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

2.3.3. Power System Stabilizer 26

2.5. Applicable codes 28

2.6. Allowable stresses and load cases 29

2.7. Spare parts 29

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

2.1. General information

9 Voltage Regulator (Excitation panels)

In the following figure is shown a general diagram.

Thyricon 500 is limited on 1000V by Simoreg converter.

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

Thyricon 500 main components

Exc. Transformer Exc. Breaker

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

The control part is mainly composed by electronic modules as Programmable Logic

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

The following figure gives a overview over the power part.

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

The main functions of a Voltage Regulator are:

9 Start in ramp (from 30 to 110% of rated generator voltage)

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

2.1.2. Thyricon 500

9 FCR – Field Current Regulator

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

2.2. Hardware Description

T400 has the following inputs and outputs :

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

2.2.1.6. DP/DP Coupler

2.2.1.7. Power Supply

2.2.2. Power Part

2.2.2.1. Rectifier Bridge

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

2.2.2.2. Excitation Circuit Breaker

2.2.3. Field Flashing

2.2.4. Field Discharge and Overvoltage Protection Circuit

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

2.2.5. Signal Interfaces

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

2.3. Functional Description

2.3.1. Control modes

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

In the following figure, the Thyricon 500 state machine is presented:

State Machine Legend

Executed by: Checked by: Approved by: Date:

2.3.1.1. Automatic Modes