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D’Arsonval Meter Movement with Half-
Wave Rectification
 In order to measure the alternating current with the d’Arsonval meter
movement, we must rectify the alternating current by use of diode rectifier
.
 Figure -the DC voltmeter circuit modified to measure AC voltage.
 The forward diode, assume to be ideal diode, has no effect on the
operation of the circuit .
 For example if the 10 V sine-wave input is fed as the source of the circuit,
the voltage across the meter movement is just the positive half-cycle of the
sine wave due to the rectifying effect of the diode.

Figure : DC Voltmeter Circuit

Modified to Measure AC Voltage.
D’Arsonval Meter Movement with Full-
Wave Rectification
 The full-wave rectifier provide higher sensitivity rating compare to the half-
wave rectifier.
 Bridge type rectifier is the most commonly used, Figure .

Figure : Full Wave Bridge Rectifier

Used in AC Voltmeter Circuit.
Cont’d…

 Operation;
(a) During the positive half cycle (red arrow), currents flows through diode D2,
through the meter movement from positive to negative, and through diode D3.
- The polarities in circles on the transformer secondary are for the positive half
cycle.
- Since current flows through the meter movement on both half cycles, we can
expect the deflection of the pointer to be greater than with the half wave cycle.
- If the deflection remains the same, the instrument using full wave rectification
will have a greater sensitivity.
(b) Vise versa for the negative half cycle (blue arrow).
Cont’d…
 The peak value of 10 V rms sine wave is,

E p  10Vrms *1.414  14.14Vpeak

E ave  E dc  0.318 * E p

or
Ep
E ave   0.45 * E rms

 If the output voltage from the half-wave rectifier is 10V only, a dc voltmeter
will provide an indication of approximately 4.5 V.

E dc 0.45E rms
Rs   Rs   Rm
 From the above equation, I dc I dc

S ac  0.45S dc
Cont’d…
 From the circuit in Figure 5.9, the peak value of the 10 Vrms signal with the half-
wave rectifier is,

E p  1.414 * Erms  14.14V peak

 The average dc value of the pulsating sine wave is,

Eave  0.636E p  9V
 Or can be compute as,

Eave  0.9 * Erms  0.9 *10V  9V

 The AC voltmeter using full-wave rectification has a sensitivity equal to 90% of

the dc sensitivity or twice the sensitivity using half-wave rectification.

S ac  0.9 * S dc