Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(With this issue we are starting the publication of the extracts from the book
�Woven Fabric Production - I.� published by the NCUTE, giving the
technical information about weaving, for the benefit of the members.)
1.1 Introduction
In this rang, the most widely prevelant loom, especially with reference to
India, is the ubiquitous �plain power loom�. In this and in the chapters that
follow, the various mechanisms associated with the plain power loom are
discussed in elaborate detail.
1. Primary mechanisms
2. Secondary mechanisms
3. Auxilliary mechanisms
a. Shedding mechanism
b. Picking mechanism
c. Beat-up mechanism
a. Shedding mechanism
b. Picking mechanism
c. Beat-up mechanism
a. Take-up motion
b. Let-off motion.
a. Take-up motion
The take-up motion withdraws the cloth from the weaving area at a
constant rate so as to give the required pick-spacing (in picks/inch or
picks/cm) and then winds it on to a cloth roller.
b. Let-off motion.
The let-off motion delivers the warp to the weaving area at the
required rate and at constant tension by unwinding it from the
weaver�s beam. The secondary motions are carried out
simultaneously.
The warp protector mechanism will stop the loom if the shuttle gets
trapped between the top and bottom layers of the shed. It thus
prevents excessive damage to the warp threads, reed wires and
shuttle.
c. Temples
The function of the temples is to grip the cloth and hold it at the
same width as the warp in the reed, before it is taken up.
d. Brake
The object of the warp stop motion is to stop the loom immediately
when a warp thread breaks during the weaving process.
NEXT
Figure 1.1 shows the passage of a warp sheet and cloth through a plain
power loom.
A - Warp sheet
B - Weaver's beam
C - Back rest
D - Lease rods
E - Heald shaft
F - Heald shaft
G - Reed
H - Cloth
I - Weft yarn
J - Temples
K - Front rest
L - Take-up roller
M - Guide roller
N - Cloth roller
Figure 1.1 Passage of warp and cloth through a plain power loom In the CD-
ROM, watch Animation No. WFP - l 1.1
The warp yarns then pass through a reed G, which holds the yarns at uniform
spacing and is also responsible for beating-up the weft yarn I into the fell of
the cloth. After the weft is beaten up, the warp yarns interchange positions
in the shed and thereby cause interlacing to be achieved. At this point, cloth
is formed and is held firmly by temples J to assist in the formation of a
uniform cloth. The cloth H then passes over a front rest K, around an emery
roller or take-up roller L and a guide roller M and is finally wound on to a
cloth roller N.
In a plain power loom the heald shafts, shuttle and sley are operated by
mechanisms that are set in motion by a motor through a crankshaft and a
bottom shaft. The heald shafts move up and down by the shedding
mechanism. The motion is obtained from the bottom shaft or counter shaft
that carries the tappets. So the warp sheet is divided into two layers and it
forms a shed.
The shuttle is pushed into the warp shed by a picker that gets activated
by a picking mechanism. Normally the shuttle is kept in a shuttle box. When
the shuttle is pushed, it reaches the opposite box. The arrival of the shuttle
in the opposite box is confirmed by shuttle checking devices. The picking
mechanism is set in motion by the bottom shaft.
The crankshaft operates the sley through the crank and crank arms. The sley
gets a to and -fro motion. As the sley reciprocates, the reed, which is fixed to
the sley, also gets a to-andfro motion. The reed thus beats up the weft into
the fell of the cloth.
The shuttle is pushed into the warp shed by a picker that gets activated
by a picking After beating up the weft into the fell of the cloth, a take-up
motion draws the cloth forward and winds it on to a cloth roller. At the same
time the warp is delivered from the weaver�s beam by a let-off motion.
The two temple pieces located at the selvedges of the cloth control width.
The weft stop motion stops the loom if a weft thread breaks or the weft
yarn gets exhausted, and thereby prevents the formation of weftway cracks
in the fabric. The brake stops the loom instantaneously at any desired
moment. The warp stop motion stops the loom when a warp thread breaks
during weaving.
a. Individual drive
b. Group drive