Oral Communication in Context – Senior High School

Module
First Edition 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Lorna Dig Dio

Development Team of the Module

Consultant and Editor:

Dr. Kyzil D. Lipar
Ms. Barbra N. Villareal

Author:
Maria Fe A. Ricamonte

Layout Artist:
James R. Gumban
 SHS

Oral Communication
in Context
Module

This book was collaboratively developed and reviewed by

educators from public and private schools, colleges and
universities. We encourage teachers and other education
stakeholders to email their feedback, comments and
recommendations to the Department of Education at action@
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Department of Education
Republiic of the Philippines
 OVERVIEW

After learning the fundamental principles of oral communication, we will
now cover the other components. In this module, you will learn and understand
the principles of basic types of speeches according to purpose and delivery.
An effective speech delivery will depend on the purpose of your speech,
appropriateness of language used, duration of the speech, relationship built
by the speaker to the audience, and manner of delivery. Substantial work
goes into the careful preparation of an interesting and ethical message, so
it is understandable if you may have the impulse to avoid “messing it up” by
simply reading it word for word. But by doing this you might miss out the major
reasons of studying public speaking: it is to learn how to connect to people and
to gain or increase your confidence. Hence, the lecture-content and activities
in this module will help you acquire the aforementioned and deliver effective
speeches.

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

○ Differentiate the basic types of speeches according to purpose and

delivery;
○ Explain when to use each of the speeches according to purpose and
delivery;
○ Use principles off effective speech delivery focusing on articulation,
modulation, stage presence, facial expression, gestures and movements,
and rapport with the audience; and
○ Practice and evaluate speech delivery.

TONE UP

Let’s check what you already know!

Directions: TWrite TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if not. Read
each statement carefully then write your answers before the numbers.

_______1. Conversational is the style that is more natural; it is the style that
you always use when you express yourself with your family and friends.

1|Oral Communication in Context

_______2. Eye contact should be maintained to keep the attention of your
audience and enhance your delivery.

_______3. When addressing a large audience, modulate your voice in such a

way that you speak loudly sounding like shouting or yelling.

_______4. Your performance will not be affected if you do not modulate your
voice.

_______5. An after- dinner speech is an example of a persuasive speech.

_______6. Fillers or expressions that substitute actual words in your speech

like “like,” “um,” “ah,” “uh,” and “er” will help you while thinking of the next words
to say.

_______7. Start your speech by standing straight and balancing your weight.
This will give a positive first impression.

_______8. Avoid having a poker face or a highly animated face.

_______9. Breathe in and out to relax before your speech.

_______10. Informative speech serves to provide interesting and useful

information to your audience.

POWER UP

Are effective public speaker naturally born or made? Vasudevan (2017),

the 2017 Toastmasters World Champion of Public Speaking, stated that any skill
can be perfected if one will hone their gifts and /or learned skills. In addition,
Stephen Lucas (2011), the author of The Art of Public Speaking, as stated by
Sipacio & Balgos (2016, 79) mentioned that a good delivery means that you are
capable and able to present your message in a clear, coherent, and interesting
way.

Public speaking is not only by reading the script that you have prepared.
It has more formality than talking. Hence, there are types of speeches according
to purpose and delivery you could choose from and use in a given appropriate
situation.

TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO PURPOSE

The four basic types of speeches according to purpose are: to inform, to

instruct, to entertain, and to persuade. These are not mutually exclusive of one
another. You may have several purposes in mind when giving your presentation.

Oral Communication in Context|2

 However, the principle purpose of a speech will generally fall into one of
four basic types:

1. Informative- This speech serves to provide interesting and useful

information to your audience. Also, this provides the audience with a
clear understanding of a concept or idea. Some examples of informative
speeches:

• A teacher telling students about earthquakes

• A student talking about her research
• A travelogue about Boracay Island, Maria Cristina and other tourist
spots in Aklan
• A computer programmer speaking about new software

2. Demonstrative Speeches- This has many similarities with an informative

speech. A demonstrative speech also teaches you something. The main
difference lies in including a demonstration of how to do the thing you’re
teaching. Some examples of demonstrative speeches:

• How to start your own vlog

• How to bake a cake
• How to write a speech
• How to do an experiment

3. Persuasive- A persuasive speech works to convince people to change

in some way: they think, the way they do something, or to start doing
something that they are not currently doing. This seeks to provide the
audience with favorable or acceptable ideas that can influence their own
ideas and decisions. Some examples of persuasive speeches:

• Become an organ donor

• Improve your health through better eating
• Television violence is negatively influencing our children
• Become a volunteer and change the world

4. Entertaining- The after- dinner speech is a typical example of an

entertaining speech. The speaker provides amusement, pleasure and
enjoyment that make the audience laugh or identify with anecdotal
information. Some examples of entertaining speeches:

• Excuses for any occasion

• Things you wouldn’t know without the movies

3|Oral Communication in Context

TYPES OF SPEECHES ACCORDING TO DELIVERY

After learning the different types of speeches according to purpose, we

now move on to the types of speeches according to delivery. Public speaking
has more formality than talking; it has less formality than reading. Speaking
allows for meaningful pauses, eye contact, small changes in word order, and
vocal emphasis. Reading is a more or less exact replication of words on paper
without the use of any nonverbal interpretation. Speaking, as you will realize if
you think about excellent speakers you have seen and heard, provides a more
animated message.

The following are the four methods of delivery that can help you balance
between too much and too little formality when giving a public speech.

1. Impromptu Speaking

• The presentation of a short message without advance preparation

• Often occur when someone is asked to “say a few words” or give a
toast on a special occasion

Examples:

◊ Self-introductions in group settings— “Hi, my name is Steve, and

I’m a volunteer with the Homes for the Brave program.”
◊ Answering questions like— “What did you think of the
documentary?”

Advantages:

• Spontaneous and responsive in an animated group context

• More focus and brief

Disadvantages:

√ The speaker is given little or no time to contemplate the central

theme of his or her message. As a result, the message may be
disorganized and difficult for listeners to follow.
√ Lacks connection with the audience
√ Nerve- racking for inexperienced speakers and beginners

Tips and step-by-step guide that may be useful if you are called upon
to give an impromptu speech in public:

√ Take a moment to collect your thoughts and plan the main point
you want to make.
√ Thank the person for inviting you to speak.
√ Deliver your message, making your main point as briefly as you
can while still covering it adequately and at a pace your listeners

Oral Communication in Context|4

 can follow.
√ Thank the person again for the opportunity to speak.
√ Stop talking.

2. Extemporaneous Speaking

• The presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech,

spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes.
• By using notes or outline rather than a full manuscript, the
extemporaneous speaker can establish and maintain eye contact
with the audience and assess how well they understand the speech
as it progresses.
• The most popular type
• Delivered conversationally

Examples:

◊ When you are a candidate for a post in a student government and

you deliver your campaign speech before a voting public
◊ When you are assigned to report a topic in class

Advantages:

• Promotes the likelihood that you, the speaker, will be perceived

as knowledgeable and credible
• Your audience is likely to pay better attention to the message
because it is engaging both verbally and nonverbally

Disadvantages:

√ Requires a great deal of preparation for both the verbal and the
nonverbal components of the speech

Tips and step-by-step guide that may be useful if you are called upon
to give an extemporaneous speech in public:

√ Create an outline
√ Organize points logically (most important to least important or
vice versa)
√ Use facts and real- life experiences as your examples
√ Manage your time well
√ Rehearse, rehearse, rehearse

5|Oral Communication in Context

3. Speaking from a Manuscript

• Word-for-word iteration of a written message

• The speaker maintains his or her attention on the printed page except
when using visual aids
• Speaking with advanced preparation
• Planned and rehearsed speech

Examples:

◊ Reading a statement about your organization’s legal responsibilities

to customers
◊ Newscasting with a teleprompter or an autocue device
◊ Reading the rules and criteria in a contest
◊ Presenting the legal proceedings and verdict in court

Advantages:

• Reading from a manuscript is the exact repetition of original words

• Guided speech

Disadvantages:

√ Boring and uninteresting presentation

√ Lacks audience rapport or connection

Tips and step-by-step guide that may be useful if you are called upon
to give a manuscript speech in public:

√ With practice, a speaker can achieve a conversational tone and

give the impression of speaking extemporaneously while using
an autocue device.
√ Success in this medium depends on two factors: (1) the speaker
is already an accomplished public speaker who has learned to
use a conversational tone while delivering a prepared script, and
(2) the speech is written in a style that sounds conversational.
√ Observe accomplished news anchors and note how conversational
they sound when they deliver the news

4. Speaking from Memory

• Speaking with advance preparation

• Planned and rehearsed speech
• Reciting a written message word- for- word from memory

Oral Communication in Context|6

 Examples:

◊ When you perform in a stage play

◊ When you deliver a declamation, oratorical or literary piece
◊ When an actor or actress performs a script from memory in a
scene

Advantages:

• Exact repetition of the written words from a memory

• Maintained eye- contact
• Free to move around the stage
• Gestures are used

Disadvantages:

√ The speaker might end up speaking in a monotone or a sing-song

repetitive delivery pattern
√ The speaker might also present the speech in a rapid “machine-
gun” style that fails to emphasize the most important point
√ When the speaker cannot control his/ her stage fright, he/ she
might have difficulty-remembering his/ her memorized speech.

Tips and step-by-step guide that may be useful if you are called upon
to give a manuscript speech in public:

√ Rehearse the speech over and over again until you sound natural
and feel confident.
√ Observe how actors/ actresses perform their script in a theater,
television or movie scenes.

DELIVERY FOR DIFFERENT SITUATIONS

Speaking situations may happen in different venue (e.g. classrooms,

stage, open field, etc.) and environment, with different types and number of
audience, and other challenging situations. The following are some of the most
common situations with descriptions, advantages and disadvantages a speaker
will need deal with:

1. Speaking to a specific audience size

• Audience size depends on the venue
Description:
size.
• You can determine your approach
with your audience: more intimate
Advantages:
and personal for a smaller size; more
formal for a larger size.

7|Oral Communication in Context

 • This can be challenging and
Disadvantages:
intimidating.
• Ask the organizers about the estimated
number of the audience so you can
Tips adjust your delivery.

• Practice, practice, practice.

2. Speaking in an open-air venue or outside the building

• Examples are open courts or grounds,
Description:
football fields, farms, etc

• You will feel more relaxed due to the

Advantages:
atmosphere of the venue.

• You will encounter a lot of

communication barriers such as noise,
inattentive audiences, discomfort,
challenging weather, possible absence
of technology such as audio-visual
Disadvantages:
equipment, etc.
• You might be forced to make
adjustments, especially in voice
projection.

• Check the venue prior to your speaking

engagement.
• Ask the organizers about the availability
of equipment.
• Challenge yourself on how you can
get and maintain the attention of your
Tips audience.
• Use the outdoor setting or venue to your
advantage as a way of jumpstarting
your speech or as an example to
support your main point.
• Practice, practice, practice.

3. Speaking in different venues

• Speaking venues that vary according
to size: classroom, meeting or
Description: conference room, ball room, social
hall, auditorium, covered court, open
court, etc.
• You will be exposed to different venues,
Advantages: which will add to your public speaking
experience.

Oral Communication in Context|8

 • You will have to make big adjustments
in terms of your nonverbal cues:
Disadvantages:
volume of voice, body language, facial
expression, etc.
• Check the venue days before your
scheduled speech and arrive hours
earlier in the venue, so you can
determine the adjustments to make.
• For a large venue, speak more slowly,
use pauses frequently to highlight the
most important ideas of your speech,
and make use of facial expressions
Tips and gestures. When you use visual
aids, make them more visible.
• In a small venue, your audience will
see you up close. Therefore, manage
your notes well when you use them
and adjust your nonverbal cues as
necessary.
• Practice, practice, practice.

4. Speaking with a microphone

• Its main function is to increase the
volume of your voice, not to clarify
Description:
the pronunciation and enunciation of
words.
• With a microphone, you can easily get
Advantages: the attention of your audience because
of the loudness of your voice.
• Using a microphone can be challenging
because there is a tendency to
Disadvantages:
underuse or overuse it.

• Check the microphone if it functions

well.
• Check your voice in the microphone to
see whether you are audible enough.
Tips • In a small venue, you may not use a
microphone, but you need to manage
your voice’s volume well.
• Practice, practice, practice.

5. Speaking with a podium or lectern

• A podium or lectern is a reading desk
Description:
with a stand and a slanted top.

9|Oral Communication in Context

 • Notes can be placed on the slanted top,
and will work best for extemporaneous
and manuscript speeches.
Advantages: • The lectern can be used as a means
to hide or cover nervousness or stage
fright.

• Some may have the tendency to

hide their hands behind the podium,
Disadvantages: which will not help them enhance their
message.

• Stand straight, as good posture exudes

confidence.
• Avoid gripping the edges of the podium
with both hands. Aside from this, also
avoid hiding them behind the podium.
• For extemporaneous and impromptu
Tips speakers, step to the side occasionally
once you have composed yourself, so
you can effectively use your gestures,
make eye contact, and connect more
with your audience.
• Practice, practice, practice.

TOOLS FOR EFFECTIVE SPEECH DELIVERY

To be effective in your delivery, watch and emulate people who speak in

public excellently. While observing, take note of the following:

• How they approach their audience (formal, informal, personal,

conversational, intimate, among others)
• How they connect with their audience (using eye contact, body
movements, and facial expressions)
• How they present themselves (stage presence: how they look, stand,
walk, use nonverbal cues, act on and off the stage)
• How they use their voice in terms of volume (loudness or softness), pitch
(highness or lowness), rate or speed, pauses to show emphasis and
strengthen the clarity of the message, vocal variety (effective changes in
volume, pitch, rate and pauses), and pronunciation

MORE TIPS FOR EFFECTIVE SPEECH DELIVERY

Following are more techniques and tips to help you deliver your speech
well:

1. Use a conversational style more often. This is the style that is more natural;

Oral Communication in Context|10

 it is the style that you always use when you express yourself with your family
and friends. Audience members do not like the speaker to sound unnatural
or exaggerated.

2. Look your audience members in the eye so they will feel that they are part
of your speech. Eye contact should be maintained to keep the attention of
your audience and enhance your delivery.

3. Remember to adjust your volume to the size of the audience and the venue.
When addressing a large audience, modulate your voice in such a way that
you speak loudly without sounding like shouting or yelling.

4. Vary your rate or speed to keep your audience interested and to avoid a
monotone pattern. The audience might get bored if you speak very slowly
and they might get confused if you speak very fast. Hence, your rate should
be at an appropriate speed.

5. Master your voice and find your pitch level (high or low). If you have a high
pitch level, modulate or slightly move it down. If you have a low pitch level,
modulate or slightly move it up. Your performance will definitely be affected
if you do not modulate.

6. Use pauses when you emphasize the most important words, phrases, or
sentences. Your pauses should not last for three seconds. Otherwise, it will
result in dead air or a moment of awkward silence.

7. Pronounce and enunciate words correctly. You will confuse the audience
if you mispronounce words, and it could distract them and affect your
credibility.

8. Avoid fillers or expressions that substitute actual words in your speech

because these words are distracting. Examples of fillers are “like,” “um,” “ah,”
“uh,” and “er.” To reduce the use of these fillers, detect the instances when
you use them: Do you generally use fillers after each sentence, between
different ideas, or whenever you make transitions? Then, instead of using
them the next time you deliver a speech, simply stop and pause.

9. Start your speech by standing straight and balancing your weight. This will
give a positive first impression.

10. Use precise movements. Avoid distracting mannerisms like swaying back
and forth, leaning on the podium, licking or biting your lips, playing with your
wristwatch or jewelry, scratching parts of your body, frowning, and others.
Observe your mannerisms and learn how to avoid them when speaking in
public.

11. Avoid having a poker face or a highly animated face. These facial expressions
appear distracting and may even be annoying. Instead, follow the most

11|Oral Communication in Context

 highly suggested tip: smile. However, make sure that the meaning of your
speech reflects in your facial expressions; do not smile if you are talking
about something sad.

12. Dress properly and appropriately. Wearing the proper attire will make you
look more confident and professional. Make sure not to overdress, as this
may distract your audience.

13. Observe ethics by coming prepared, being honest with your words,
being polite, avoiding offensive words and back-biting or talking negative
things about other people, or copying someone’s work without proper
documentation.

14. Breathe in and out to relax before your speech. Most importantly, have fun.

WORK IT OUT

Activity 1

Identify what is being asked in each item. Read each statement

carefully. Write your answers on the blanks before the numbers.

_________1. Using a teleprompter or an autocue device in delivering a

speech is a type of ________.

_________2. The purpose of this speech is to amuse the audience by

including humorous lines/ dialogues.

_________3. You can observe this type of speech in stage plays, movies
or in television shows.

_________4. The purpose of this speech is to provide the audience with

a clear understanding of a concept or idea.

_________5. In delivering an extemporaneous speech you will need this

as a guide to have a logical speech.

_________6. Answering a question raised by your teacher about a

lesson is an example of ________ type of speech.

_________7. “Like”, “um”, “ah”, and “er” are examples of ________

which we need to avoid while we are delivering speeches.

_________8. Facial expressions appear distracting and may even be

Oral Communication in Context|12

 annoying. Instead, it is highly suggested to ____.

_________9. The softness or loudness of voice refers to _____.

_________10. It is the highness or lowness of your voice.

_________11. These are used as reading desks with a stand and

slanted top.

_________12. Its main function is to increase the volume of your voice,

not to clarify the pronunciation and enunciation of words.

_________13. The venue size will depend on _______.

_________14. This type of speech according to purpose includes how

you do what you are teaching by showing it.

_________15. In this situation, you will encounter a lot of communication

barriers such as noise, inattentive audiences, discomforts challenging
weather and others.

Activity 2

You’ll need to work on your own. Below are links of different speeches.
Choose two and evaluate the speaker by completing the table with your
assessment.

Links:

Reverse inspiration: learning from the faults of others by Ramon Bautista:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9tTnPEBwzzM

The Secret of Becoming Mentally Strong by Amy Morin:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TFbv757kup4

How Lupang Hinirang ought to be sung by Joey Ayala

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41guxaNk9FY

The Power of Reading by April Qu

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fLlkOMrMq4

The Genius of the Filipino Poor by Thomas Graham

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-JxeTd8kAw

13|Oral Communication in Context

Place your answers here.

Title of Speech Viewed:

Name of Speaker:

Type of Speech Delivery Used:

Type of Speech According to

Purpose Used:
What is the audience and venue
size?
Did the speaker adjust to the
audience size and venue size?
Did the speaker use the
microphone?
How did the speaker approach the
audience?
Did the speaker maintain eye
contact?
Did the speaker use the volume of
his/her voice well?
Did the speaker use his/her rate
well?
Did the speaker use his/her pitch
well?

Did the speaker use pauses well?

Did the speaker pronounce words

correctly?

Did the speaker avoid fillers?

Did the speaker avoid distracting

movements?
Did the speaker use appropriate
facial expressions?
Did the speaker dress for the
occasion?

Oral Communication in Context|14

Activity 3

This time you will need the help of your family member. Interview any
adult family member on his/her experiences in public speaking (campaign
speeches, reading of policy or memo in public, introducing a speaker, giving
of welcome/opening or closing remarks, inspirational talk, etc). Then, with a
minimum of 500 words, make a written report about their responses.

15|Oral Communication in Context

Oral Communication in Context|16
 WRAP IT UP

A good and effective speech can be delivered by anyone who has innate
abilities and/ or acquired skills in speaking if one will hone and develop these
abilities and skills through constant practice (Lucas, 2011 & Vasudevan, 2017).
In this module, different types of speeches according to purpose and according
to delivery, different situations of speech delivery and tips for effective delivery
were discussed.

Speaking in public has more formality than talking. During a speech, you
should be clear with your purpose as you present yourself professionally. It does
mean making yourself presentable by being well groomed and wearing clean,
appropriate clothes. It also means being prepared to use language correctly
and appropriately for the audience and the topic, to have a good stance, to
make eye contact with your audience and to look like you know your topic very
well. Speaking allows for meaningful pauses, small changes in word order, and
vocal emphasis. It is also necessary for a speaker to research, rehearse and
master his/her speech. Lastly, a public speaker should also consider and be
prepared with the challenges that he/she may encounter during the delivery.

THINK IT OUT

Based on what you have learned, list 5 new ideas that you gained in this
lesson.

1. ________________________________________________________

2. ________________________________________________________

3. ________________________________________________________

4. ________________________________________________________

5. ________________________________________________________

17|Oral Communication in Context

 REFERENCES GALLERY

Oral Communication in Context for Senior High School (2016), C & E

Publishing, Inc. 839 EDSA, South Triangle, Quezon City

Oral Communication in Context for Senior High School-TG (2016). Retrieved

from https://buenavistanhs.weebly.com/uploads/7/2/2/8/7228051/oral_
communication_in_context_tg_for_shs.pdf

e-book Public Speaking: Practice and Ethics (2012). Retrieved from

https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/public-speaking-practice-and-
ethics/s17-01-four-methods-of-delivery.html

https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-speech-delivery-impromptu-
extemporaneous-

Cover photo has been designed using resources from rawpixel.com / Freepik

Oral Communication in Context|18

 ANSWER KEYS

Tone Up:

1. True 6. False
2. True 7. True
3. False 8. True
4. False 9. True
5. False 10. True

Activity 1:

1. manuscript 9. volume
2. entertainment 10. pitch
3. memorized 11. podium/ lectern
4. informative 12. microphone
5. outline 13. audience size
6. impromptu 14. demonstrative
7. fillers 15. Speaking in an open-air
8. smile venue or outside a building

Activity 2
Answers may vary.

Activity 3:
Answers may vary.

19|Oral Communication in Context

METADATA

Title: Types of Speeched according to Purpose and Delivery

Language: English

Keywords: Oral Communication in Context

Description:


This lesson introduces the types of speeches according to purpose,
delivery and delivery for different situations. There are four basic types of
speeches according to purpose—to inform, to instruct, to entertain and to
persuade. These purposes are not mutually exclusive of one another. Hence, one
can have several purposes. Public Speaking has more formality than talking; it
has less formality than reading. Therefore, a speaker must have the knowledge
on the type of delivery to use in performing a speech. Impromptu speaking,
extemporaneous speaking, speaking from a manuscript and speaking from
memory are the different types of speech according to delivery. Each type has
its advantages and disavantages. Laslty, a speaker must have the knowledge
as to who and how many are the audience, where and when the speaking event
will occur, and how and what equipment will be available and be used during
the speaking event.

Primary Media: Print

Primary Storage: CD, DOC

Resource Location: DepEd, Division of Aklan

District of Kalibo II
Regional Science High School for Region VI

Developer: Maria Fe A. Ricamonte

Teacher III

Oral Communication in Context|20