Scholarly Research Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies,

Online ISSN 2278-8808, SJIF 2019 = 6.380, www.srjis.com

PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL, SEPT-OCT, 2020, VOL- 8/61

>kj[kaM esa tutkfr;ksa ds foLFkkiu dk mudh lkekftd vkSj lkaL —frd thou ij
çHkko dk ,d lekt'kkL=h; v/;;u

vk'kh"k va'kq ] Ph. D.

vflLVsaV çksQl
s j] lekt'kkL= foHkkx] jktdh; ekgkfo|ky; x.kkbZ xaxksyh] fiFkkSjkx<+
Email id : bhu.ashish@gmail.com

Abstract

vk/kqfudhdj.k ,oa vkS|ksfxdhdj.k dh çfØ;k us fiNys dqN 'krkfCn;ksa esa fodkl ds dqN
ftu Hk;kog nq"ifj.kkeksa dks tUe fn;k gSa muesa ls foLFkkiu ,d gS A foLFkkiu dh çfØ;k esa
lkekftd] lkaL—frd vkSj vkfFkZd ifj.kke&nq"ifj.kke varfuZfgr gksrs gSa A vk/kqfud lH;rk ds
fodkl ds fy, ,slk yxrk gS dh foLFkkiu vifjgk;Z t:jr cu x;k gS ;k dg ldrs gSa dh
cuk nh x;h gS A
>kj[kaM tSls [kuht lEiUu jkT; vk/kqfud lekt dh fodkl t:jrksa dks iwjk djus dh
dher vius ty ] taxy ] tehu ds larkuksa dks foLFkkfir dj pqdk jgk gS A bl jkT; dh
vkfnoklh cgqy tula[;k dks bl çfØ;k esa viuh le`) lkekftd vkSj lkaL—frd fojklr
dh iwt a h dks xk¡ok dj pqduh iM+ jgh gS A çLrqr 'kks/k i= esa foLFkkiu dh pqukSfr;ksa ds
ifj.kkeLo:i >kj[kaM ds tutkrh; vkcknh ds le{k mRiUu gks jgh lkekftd vkSj lkaL —
frd pqukSfr;ksa ds let'kkL=h; lanHkZ esa le>us dk ç;kl fd;k x;k gS A
eq[; ladsrd % foLFkkiu] tutkfr] lkekftd&lkaLd`frd izHkkoA

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Hkwfedk%&
>kj[kaM nks 'kCnksa ^>kM+* ¼ou ½ vkSj ^[kaM* ¼{ks= Hkwfe½ ls feydj cuk gS vFkkZr og
{ks= ;k Hkwfe tks ouksa ls ifjiw.kZ gS A 15 uoacj 2000 dks Hkkjrh; x.kjkT; ds 28osa
jkT; ds :i esa >kj[kaM dk vfLrRo lkeus vk;k blls iwoZ ;g fcgkj jkT; dk vax
Fkk A >kj[kaM lfn;ksa ls Hkkjr ds dbZ lkjs ewy fuokfl;ksa dk x`g {ks= jgk gS A 2011
dh tux.kuk ds vuqlkj >kj[kaM ds dqy vkcknh dk 26 çfr'kr vkcknh tutkrh;
vkcknh gS A >kj[kaM esa dqy 32 tutkrh; lewg fuokl djrh gSa ftuesa çeq[k

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tutkfr;ksa esa eqaMk] laFkky] mjk¡o] [kfM+;k] xksaM] dksy] vlqj] cSxk] gks] [kjokj] yksgjk]
igkfM+;k vkfn gS A
>kj[kaM dh Hkwfe ges'kk ls [kfut laink ls Hkjiwj jgh gS A NksVkukxiqj dk ;g
iBkM+h {ks= viuh [kuht laink dh çpqjrk ds dkj.k bls Hkkjr dk ^:<+* {ks= Hkh dgk
tkrk gS A [kuht laink dh çpqjrk ds dkj.k ;g {ks= ges'kk ls ckgjh yksxksa dks
vkdf"kZr djrk jgk gS A vaxst
z ksa ds 'kklu dky ls ysdj vkt rd tutkrh; Hkwfe dk
vf/kxzg.k vkSj [kfut laink ds nksgu fujarj tkjh gS A blds dkj.k cM+s iSekus ij
;gk¡ ds ewy fuokfl;ksa dks vius ty] taxy vkSj tehu ls foLFkkfir gksus dh ihM+k
>syuh iM+h gS A viuh ty taxy tehu ls foLFkkiu ds dkj.k tutkrh; lekt dks
viuh lkekftd vkSj lkaL—frd fojklr ls Hkh foLFkkfir gksus dh ihM++k lguh iM+h gS A
foLFkkiu dks lkekU; vFkZ O;fä ds ewy LFkku dks ljdkj vFkok fdlh ,tsl
a h ds }kjk
vius dCts esa ysuk vFkok vf/kxzg.k djuk vkSj mlds ewy fuokfl;ksa dks ml LFkku dks
NksM+dj fdlh vU; LFkku ij tkus ;k clus dks ok/; djus ls gS A
v/;;u ds mís'; %&
1->kj[kaM esa tutkfr;ksa ij foLFkkiu dk lkekftd çHkko dk v/;;u djuk A
2-foLFkkiu ds dkj.k tutkfr;ksa dh lkaL—frd pqukSfr;ksa dk v/;;u djuk A
'kks/k ç'u %&
1- >kj[kaM esa tutkfr;ksa ij foLFkkiu dk D;k lkekftd çHkko iM+k gS \
2-foLFkkiu ds dkj.k tutkfr;ka fdu lkaL—frd pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk dj jgh gS \
v/;;u dk {ks=%&
v/;;u dk {ks= >kj[kaM jkT; gS A jkT; dk foLrkj 23-45* mÙkjh v{kka'k ls 85-30*
iwohZ ns'kkUrj rd gS A ;g jkT; dqy 79174 oxZ fdyksehVj ds nk;js esa foLrkfjr gS
ftlesa dqy 24 ftys gSa A blds mÙkj esa fcgkj iwoZ esa if'pe caxky nf{k.k esa
vksfM'kk vkSj if'pe esa mÙkj çns'k vkSj NÙkhlx<+ vofLFkr gS A jkT; dk t~;knrj
fgLlk NksVkukxiqj ds iBkjh {ks= dk fgLlk gS tks [kuht laink ls ifjiw.kZ gS A iwjs
Hkkjr o"kZ esa lokZf/kd [kuht laink blh jkT; esa gS A jkT; dh dqy vkcknh 2011 dh

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tux.kuk ds vuqlkj 32988134 yk[k gS tks Hkkjr dh dqy tula[;k dk 2-72 % gS A

ftldh yxHkx 26 çfr'kr vkcknh tutkrh; vkcknh gS A
i)fr %&
bl v/;;u ds fy, xq.kkRed 'kks/k i)fr dks viuk;k x;k gS A ;g v/;;u f}rh;d
L=ksrksa ds v/;;u lkekxzh ij vk/kkfjr gS A blds fy, >kj[kaM lanHkZ xzaFk ] >kj[kaM
tulEidZ foHkkx] tux.kuk 2001 ,oa 2011 ,oa vU; çdkf'kr 'kks/k i=ksa rFkk lan HkZ
xzaFkksa dk lgkjk fy;k x;k gS A v/;;u ds fo'ys"k.k gsrq o.kZukRed 'kks/k vfHkdYi dk
p;u fd;k x;k gS A
lS)kafrd vfHkeq[ku %
foLFkkiu dh çfØ;k ds lS)kafrd i{k ij ge –f"V Mkysa rks nks /kkjk;sa Li"V :i ls
–f"Vxkspj gksrh gS A ,d /kkjk çdk;Zokfn;ksa dk gS rks nwljk i{k ekdZ~loknh –f"Vdks.k
ls çHkkfor gS ] ijarq bu nks vfr'k; lS)kafrd i{kksa ds e/; ,d rhljk i{k Hkh gS tks
'k'kor fodkl dh ckr djrk gS A
çdk;Zokn ds lS)kafrd er dh ekU;rk gS dh fodkl lekt dh vifjgk;Z vko';drk
gS A D;ksfa d dksbZ Hkh lekt fcuk fodkl ds vkxs çxfr ugha dj ldrk A fodkl vkSj
vk/kqfud vkS/kksfxd t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, [kuht lalk/kuksa dk nksgu vkSj
mldk mi;ksx vko';d gks tkrk gS A [kfutksa ds [kuu gsrq yksxksa dks ml LFkku ls
foLFkkfir dj dgha vkSj mudk iquokZl djus ds fopkj ij ;g –f"Vdks.k cy nsrk gSA
nwljh vksj foLFkkiu ds laca/k es ekdZ~loknh –f"Vdks.k bls 'kks"k.k dh çfØ;k ds :i esa
ns[krk gS A ;g –f"Vdks.k ekurk gS dh yksxksa ds fodkl dh dher vkfnofl;ksa ;k ewy
fuokfl;ksa dks vius ty] taxy vkSj tehu ls foLFkkfir gks dj D;ksa pqduh iM+s \ ;g
–f"Vdks.k ekurk gS dh T;knkrj foLFkkiu iwath dh [kqyh ywV vkSj varghu ykyp dk
ifj.kke gS A ftldh dher tutkrh; lekt viuh iqj[kksa dh tehu ls foLFkkfir gks
dj pqdk jgk gS A foLFkkiu dh bl çfØ;k us tutkrh; lekt ds iwjs lkekftd vkSj
lkaL—frd thou ds rkus cus dks iwjh rjg ls rgl ugl dj Mkyk gS A
bl laca/k es rhljk i{k 'k'kor fodkl ;k /kkj.kh; fodkl oknh –f"Vdks.k dk gS A ;g
–f"Vdks.k ekurk gS dh fdlh Hkh lekt ds fy, fodkl vifjgk;Z bruk D;ksa gS fd
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bldh dher ge vius i;kZoj.k ds vfr'k; uqdlku dh dher ij rks gkfly ugha
dj jgs gSa ! vxj çk—frd lalk/kuksa dk nksgu vfuok;Zrk vfuok;Z gks rks Hkh gj laHko
;g dksf'k'k gksuh pkfg, dh blls gksus okys uqdlku dks U;wure dSls fd;k tk; \
vr% bl fl)kafrd i{k dks ekuus okys yksxksa dk ekuuk gS dh 'k'kor fodkl ds
fopkj dks viuk dj ge foLFkkiu dks u flQZ ge U;wu dj ldrs gSa oju blls
çHkkfor lekt ds lkekftd vkSj lkaL—frd igpku esa fcuk gLr{ksi fd, ge /kkj.kh;
fodkl ds fopkj dks viuk ldrs gSa A
fo"k;oLrq dk fo'ys"k.k %&
>kj[kaM esa [kuht dh çpqjrk gS A Hkkjr ds vf/kdka'k [kuht laink dh t:jrksa dks
;g jkT; iwjk djrk gS A Hkkjr dh ÅtkZ t:jrksa dks iwjk djus okyk dks;yk] dy
dkj[kkuksa ds fy, yksgk ] c‚DlkbV ] vHkzd vkfn ls ysdj ijek.kq ÅtkZ ds fy,
;wjfs u;e rd dk mRiknu ;g jkT; djrk gS A dy dkj[kkuksa dh t:jr dks iwjk djus
ds fy, loZçFke vaxst
z ksa us ;gk¡ cM+s iSekus ij [knkuksa ls [kuht fudyus dk dk;Z
çkjaHk fd;k A vktknh ds ckn Hkh ;g jkT; Hkkjr dh [kuht t:jrksa dks cM+s iSekus
ij iwjk djrk jgk gS A ijarq ÅtkZ t:jrksa dks iwjk djus dk [kkfe;ktk ;gk¡ ds
LFkkuh; tutkfr;ksa dks mBkuk iM+k gS A lfn;ksa ls ftl ty] taxy] tehu ij oks
jg jgsa Fksa ogk¡ ls dks;yk fudkyus ds fy, ljdkj vkSj daifu;ksa dks mUgsa foLFkkfir
djuk iM+k A
foLFkkiu us tutkfr;ksa ds lkekftd vkSj lkaL—frd thou dks iwjh rjg ls cckZn dj
fn;k gS A çkjfEHkd nkSj esa tc tutkfr;ksa dh Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k dh tkrh Fkh rc
ljdkjsa ;g çko/kku djrh Fkh dh mudh tehu ds ,ot esa mUgsa mfpr eqvkots ,oa
iquokZl dk;ZØe ds lkFk jgus dks tehu vkSj muds ifjokj ds fdlh lnL; dks ukSdjh
Hkh miyC/k djk,xh A ijarq bl O;oLFkk dks dHkh Hkh bZekunkjh ls ugha viuk;k x;k A
ifj.kke ;g gqvk dh tutkfr;ksa dk dquck vkSj mudk Hkzkr` ny iwjh rjg ls fNUu
fHkUu gks x;k A
tutkrh; lekt dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk mudh leqnkf;drk esa gksrh gS A ijarq Hkwfe
vf/kxzg.k ds dkj.k mUgsa vius ewy LFkku ls foLFkkfir gksuk iM+k vkSj mudh
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leqnkf;drk iwjh rjg ls rgl ugl gks x;h A D;ksfa d Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k ds ckn ,d
LFkku ij iwjs lekt ds fy, Hkwfe feyuk yxHkx vlaHko Fkk A vr% yksxksa dks vius
ifjokj dks ysdj vdsys vyx vyx LFkkuksa ij çoflr gksus dks etcwj gksuk iM+k A
ftldk vlj mudh ikfjokfjd lajpuk vkSj ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk ] fookg ,oa vU;
lkekftd laca/kksa ,oa thou ij Hkh iM+k gS A bls ge ,d mnkgj.k ls le>us dk
ç;kl djrs gSa tSls mjk¡o tutkfr esa cqtqxksaZ dh ns[k js[k ds fy, nknk vkSj iksrh ds
e/; 'kknh gksuk ,d lkekU; ifj?kVuk Fkh A ijarq fdlh vutku LFkku ij çoflr gksus
ds ckn ,slk djuk muds fy, vklku ugha jg x;k A mUgsa vius ukrsnkjksa ls nwj tkus
dks etcwj gksuk iM+k ] viuh leqnkf;drk dk R;kx djuk iM+k A blh rjg tutkrh;
lekt esa vius ;qok lnL;ksa ds fy, csgn çxfr'khy O;oLFkk ^;qox`g* tgk¡ tutkrh;
;qod ,oa ;qofr;k¡ fdlh cqtqxZ dh fuxjkuh esa vkus okys thou ds ikB dks lh[krs gSa A
vkt Hkh vk/kqfud lektksa ds ikl ,sls ;qokx`g tSls ladYiuk dk furkar vHkko gS A
foLFkkiu ds dkj.k tutkrh; lekt ds lnL;ksa dks vius ;qokx`g tSls O;oLFkk ls Hkh
oafpr gksuk iM+rk gS A
tutkrh; let esa HkkSfrd laL—fr dh rqyuk esa vHkkSfrd laL—fr ds çfr muds
>qdko dks Li"V rkSj ij ns[kk tk ldrk gS A tutkrh; lekt lkekU;r% çk—fr
iwtd jgsa gSa A blfy, muds vkLFkk ds çrhd Hkh blh ç—fr esa –';eku gksrs gSa A bl
dkj.k tutkrh; lekt dk vius i;kZoj.k vkSj ç—fr ds chp dk laca/k lg vfLrRo
vkSj lg thork dk gS u dh ykyp dk A blfy, ç—fr ls tutkrh; lekt mruk
gha ysrk gS ftrus dh mudks vko';drk gS A
foLFkkiu dk vlj muds lkaL—frd thou ij Hkh iM+k gS A tutkrh; lekt
lkekU;r% çk—frd iwtd jgsa gSa vkSj >kj[kaM ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa ljuk /keZ dh iwtk
djrs jgsa gSaA ijarq eh'kujht ds vkxeu ds lkFk cM+s iSekus ij ;gk¡ /kekarZ j.k gqvk A
tutkrh; let tks viuh fof'k"V lkekftd lkaL—frd igpku ds dkj.k tkus tkrs
jgsa gSa A mudh viuh fof'k"V lkekftd ] lkaL—frd igpku /khjs /khjs foyqIr gksrs tk
jgh gS A tutkrh; lekt dk ,d cM+k rcdk vius vki dks ljuk /keZ ls tksM+rk gS
vkSj bl dkj.k os tutkrh; lekt ds fdlh Hkh izdkj ds /kekZUrkj.k djus dk Hkh çcy
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fojks/k djrs gSa A gky gha esa >kj[kaM fo/kku lHkk esa ljuk /keZ dh vyx ekU;rk gsrq
,d çLrko Hkh çLrqr djus dh ckr dgh tk jgh gSA A foLFkkiu ds dkj.k >kj[kaM ds
tutkrh; lekt dks vius /keZ] viuh iwtk i)fr vius VksVe] ifo= igkM+ ] ifo=
Hkwfe ] ifo= o`{k ftldh lfn;ksa ls muds iwj[ks iwtk ;k ifo= ekurs vk jgsa Fks] mls
mudks R;kx djuk iM+k gS A vkSj bl çdkj foLFkkiu us tutkrh; lekt dh
lkekftd vkSj lkaL—frd igpku dks gkf'k;s ij yk [kM+k fd;k gS A
fu"d"k%Z&
iwjh nqfu;k esa fodkl dk [kkfe;ktk lcls vf/kd fdlh dks Hkqxruk iM+k gS rks oks ogk¡
ds ewy fuoklh jgsa gSa A tsEl dSe:u us [kuht laink ds nksgu vkSj fodkl ds }an
dks cM+s gha csgrj <ax ls viuh fQYe ^vorkj* esa Hkh fn[kk;k dh lekt ds ,d fgLls
ds fodkl ds fy, dksbZ [kuht laink fdruh egRoiw.kZ gS ijarq mlh [kuht laink ds
{ks= esa lfn;ksa ls fuokl djrs vk jgs lekt dks bldh dher viuh lkekftd vkSj
lkaL—frd igpku dks [kks dj pqdkuk iM+rk gS A Bhd oSls gha >kj[kaM ds tutkfr;ksa
dks Hkh ns'k dh [kuht t:jrksa dks iwjk djus dh dher viuh lkekftd vkSj
lkaL—frd iwath dks xaok dj pqdkuh iM+ jgh gS A
lanHkZ xzaFk %&
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new-religion-in-jharkhand
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