Verification Manual: Autodesk October 2008

Verification manual
Autodesk®
October 2008
© 2008 Autodesk, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Except as otherwise permitted by Autodesk, Inc., this
publication, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form, by any method, for any purpose.
Certain materials included in this publication are reprinted with the permission of the copyright
holder.
Disclaimer
THIS PUBLICATION AND THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS MADE AVAILABLE
BY AUTODESK, INC. “AS IS.” AUTODESK, INC. DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER
EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE REGARDING THESE
MATERIALS.
Trademarks
The following are registered trademarks of Autodesk, Inc., in the USA and/or other countries:
Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis, Autodesk Concrete Building Structures, Spreadsheet Calculator, ATC,
AutoCAD, Autodesk, Autodesk Inventor, Autodesk (logo), Buzzsaw,
De sign Web Format, DWF, ViewCube, SteeringWheels, and Revit.
All other brand names, product names or trademarks belong to their respective holders.
Third Party Software Program Credits

ACIS Copyright© 1989-2001 Spatial Corp. Portions Copyright© 2002 Autodesk, Inc.
Copyright© 1997 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
International CorrectSpell™ Spelling Correction System© 1995 by Lernout & Hauspie Speech
Products, N.V. All rights reserved.
InstallShield™ 3.0. Copyright© 1997 InstallShield Software Corporation. All rights reserved.
PANTONE® and other Pantone, Inc. trademarks are the property of Pantone, Inc.© Pantone, Inc.,
2002.
Portions Copyright© 1991-1996 Arthur D. Applegate. All rights reserved.
Portions relating to JPEG © Copyright 1991-1998 Thomas G. Lane. All rights reserved. Portions of
this software are based on the work of the Independent JPEG Group.
Portions relating to TIFF © Copyright 1997-1998 Sam Leffler. © Copyright 1991-1997 Silicon
Graphics, Inc. All rights reserved.
Government Use
Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in
FAR 12.212 (Commercial Computer Software-Restricted Rights) and DFAR 227.7202 (Rights in
Technical Data and Computer Software), as applicable.
Autodesk Robot
Structural Analysis
VERIFICATION MANUAL
FOR STEEL MEMBERS DESIGN
Version 3.2, October 2008
Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis - Verification Manual for Steel Members Design
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
1. BRITISH STANDARD BS 5950-PART 1:1985............................................................................................................................... 4
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 1 - COLUMN EXAMPLE (W ELDED BOX) ................................................................................................. 5
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 2 - B EAM /COLUMN EXAMPLE (ROLLED UNIVERSAL COLUMN )................................................................ 8
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 3 - B EAM /COLUMN EXAMPLE (ROLLED UNIVERSAL COLUMN ).............................................................. 11
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 4 - B EAM EXAMPLE (LATERALLY RESTRAINED BEAM ).......................................................................... 16
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 5 - B EAM EXAMPLE 2 (LATERALLY UNRESTRAINED BEAM ) .................................................................. 20
2. SWEDISH CODE BSK99............................................................................................................................................................... 23
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 1 - SIMPLY FLEXURAL MEMBER SUPPORTED AGAINST LATERAL BUCKLING .......................................... 24
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 2 - SIMPLY FLEXURAL MEMBER NOT SUPPORTED AGAINST LATERAL BUCKLING ................................... 27
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 3 - A XIAL COMPRESSION .................................................................................................................... 31
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 4 - COMBINED W EAK AXIS BE NDING AND AXIAL COMPRESSION............................................................ 35
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 5 - IPE PROFILE LOADED IN UNI -AXIAL BENDING / AXIAL COMPRESSION I ............................................ 39
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 6 - IPE PROFILE LOADED IN UNI -AXIAL BENDING / AXIAL COMPRESSION II ........................................... 43
3. FRENCH CODE CM66................................................................................................................................................................... 47
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 1 - A XIAL COMPRESSION I.................................................................................................................. 48
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 2 - A XIAL COMPRESSION II................................................................................................................. 51
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 3 - B ENDING WITH LATERAL /TORSIONAL BUCKLING EFFECT ................................................................ 54
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 4 - IPE PROFILE LOADED IN UNIAXIAL BENDING AND AXIAL COMPRESSION .......................................... 57
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 5 - COMPRESSION AND SHEAR FORCE ............................................................................................... 60
4. EUROCODE 3 (ENV 1993-1-1:1992)............................................................................................................................................ 66
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 1 - A XIAL COMPRESSION .................................................................................................................... 67
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 2 - B ENDING ...................................................................................................................................... 70
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 3 - CFRS PROFILE LOADED IN BENDING AND AXIAL COMPRESSION..................................................... 74
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 4 - COMPRESSION AND BENDING ....................................................................................................... 79
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 5 - SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM UNDER TENSION AND UNIAXIAL BENDING .............................................. 82
5. NORWEGIAN CODE NS3472:2001.............................................................................................................................................. 85
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 1 - COMBINED W EAK AXIS BE NDING AND AXIAL COMPRESSION............................................................ 86
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 2 - IPE SECTION SUBJECTED TO AXIAL COMPRESSION W ITH BUCKLING .............................................. 90
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 3 - HEA PROFILE SUBJECTED TO AXIAL COMPRESSION ...................................................................... 94
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 4 - BENDING W ITH LATERAL /TORSIONAL BUCKLING EFFECT ................................................................ 98
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 5 - NON -SYMMETRICAL BEAM OF CLASS 4 SUBJECTED TO BENDING .................................................. 102
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 6 - HEB PROFILE SUBJECTED TO BENDING AND AXIAL COMPRESSION............................................... 106
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 7 - COMBINED STRONG AXIS BENDING AND AXIAL CO MPRESSION ...................................................... 110
6. SOUTH AFRICAN CODE SABS 0162-1:1993 ........................................................................................................................... 114
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 1 - S HEAR RESISTANCE ................................................................................................................... 115
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 2 - COMPRESSION AND BIAXIAL BENDING ......................................................................................... 120
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 3 - B ENDING RESISTANCE OF I-SECTIONS ....................................................................................... 124
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 4 - COLUMN UNDER COMPRESSION AND BENDING ............................................................................ 130
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 5 - TENSION AND BIAXIAL BENDING .................................................................................................. 134
7. INDIA STANDARD IS 800:2007.................................................................................................................................................. 137
GENERAL REMARKS.................................................................................................................................................................. 139
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 1 - DESIGN OF MEMBERS FOR COMPRESSION .................................................................................. 144
VERIFICATION PROBLEM 2 - COMBINED COMPRESSION AND BE NDING ABOUT BOTH AXES (LATERAL -TORSIONAL BUCKLING ) .... 152
CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................................................... 161
Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 2 / 161

INTRODUCTION
This verification manual contains numerical examples for elements of steel structures prepared and
originally calculated by Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis version 2009. Results are still valid for
the next Robot versions. All examples have been taken from handbooks that include benchmark tests
covering fundamental types of behaviour encountered in structural analysis. Benchmark results
(signed as “Handbook”) are recalled, and compared with results of Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis
(signed further as “Robot”).
Each problem contains the following parts:

- title of the problem
- specification of the problem
- Robot solution of the problem
- outputs with calculation results and calculation notes
- comparison between Robot results and exact solution
- conclusions
- hand calculations notes (only Norwegian code).

1. British Standard
BS 5950-Part 1:1985

VERIFICATION PROBLEM 1
- Column example (Welded box)
Example taken from STEEL DESIGNERS MANUAL,
Editors: Graham W. Owners and Peter R. Knowles, Fifth edition.
File: Verification manual_BS59_example_1.rtd
TITLE:
Column example. Welded box. See page 399.
SPECIFICATION:
Check the ability of a 960 mm square box column fabricated from 30

mm thick grade 50 plate to withstand an axial compressive load of
22000 kN over an unsupported height of 15 m assuming that both
ends are held in position but are provided with no restraint in
direction. Design to BS 5950: Part1.
SOLUTION:
Ascribe pre-defined type of member COLUMN with appropriate set of code parameters for the
analysed member. It could be done in DEFINITIONS dialog box on the MEMBERS tab.
In the CALCULATIONS dialog box, set Member Verification option for member 1 and switch off Limit
State – Serviceability (only Ultimate Limit state will be analysed). Now, start the calculations by
pressing Calculations button.
Member Verification dialog box with most significant results data will appear on screen. Pressing the
line with results for member 1 opens the RESULTS dialog box with detailed results for analysed
member.

The view of the RESULTS window is presented below. Moreover the printout note containing the
same results data as in Simplified results tab of the RESULTS window is added.
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BS 5950: Part1: 1990
ANALYSIS TYPE: Member Verification
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
MEMBER: 1 POINT: 1 COORDINATE: x = 0.00 L = 0.00 m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
Governing Load Case: 1 DL1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
STEEL 50-340 py = 270.89 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: RECT_96x96x3

D=96.00 cm
B=96.00 cm Ay=558.000 cm2 Az=558.000 cm2 Ax=1116.000 cm2
t=3.00 cm Iy=1610388.000 cm4 Iz=1610388.000 cm4 J=2413071.000 cm4
T=3.00 cm Zy=33549.750 cm3 Zz=33549.750 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERNAL FORCES AND CAPACITIES:
Fc = 22000.00 kN
Pc = 30231.32 kN
Sec_class = Slender
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LATERAL BUCKLING PARAMETERS:

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BUCKLING PARAMETERS:
About Y axis: About Z axis:

Ly = 15.00 m pey = 1297.59 MPa Lz = 15.00 m pez = 1297.59 MPa
Ley = 15.00 m FIy = 823.12 MPa Lez = 15.00 m FIz = 823.12 MPa
LAy = 39.49 pcy = 229.84 MPa LAz = 39.49 pcz = 229.84 MPa
ny = 0.08 Pcy = 25650.66 kN nz = 0.08 Pcz = 25650.66 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VERIFICATION FORMULAS:
Fc/Pci = 22000.00/25650.66 = 0.86 < 1.00 (4.7.4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

COMPARISON:
Resistance, interaction expression Robot Handbook
1. Compression resistance Pcy 25650.66 25700.00
CONCLUSIONS:
Good agreement of results.

- Beam/Column example (Rolled universal column)
TITLE:
Beam-Column example. Rolled universal column. See page 519.
SPECIFICATION:
Select the suitable UC in grade 43 steel to carry safely a combination of 940 kN in
direct compression and a moment about the minor axis of 16 kNm over an
unsupported height of 3.6 m. Problem is one of uniaxial bending producing failure by
buckling about the minor axis. Since no information is given on distribution of applied
moments make conservative assumption of uniform moment (=1.0). Try
203x203x60 UC - member capacities suggest Pcy of approximately 1400 kN will
provide correct sort of margin to carry the moment.
SOLUTION:
For the analysed member, the pre-defined type of member COLUMN with appropriate set of code
parameters was ascribed. It could be done in DEFINITIONS dialog box on the MEMBERS tab.

In the CALCULATIONS dialog box, set Member Verification option for member 1 and switch off Limit
State – Serviceability (only Ultimate Limit State will be analysed). Now start the calculations by
line with results for member 1 opens the RESULTS dialog box with detailed results for the analysed
member.
The view of the RESULTS window is presented below. Moreover, the printout note containing the

STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BS 5950: Part1: 1990
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
STEEL 43-275 py = 275.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: UC 203x203x60

D=20.96 cm
t=0.94 cm Iy=6125.000 cm4 Iz=2065.000 cm4 J=47.200 cm4
T=1.42 cm Sy=656.000 cm3 Sz=305.000 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fc = 940.00 kN Mz = 16.00 kN*m
Pc = 2101.00 kN Mcz = 66.42 kN*m
Mez = 55.35 kN*m
Sec_class = Plastic mz = 1.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ny = 0.08 Pcy = 1908.61 kN nz = 0.29 Pcz = 1395.78 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fc/Pc + Mz/Mcz = 940.00/2101.00 + 16.00/66.42 = 0.69 < 1.00 (4.8.3.2)
Fc/Pci + (mz*Mz)/Mez = 940.00/1395.78 + (1.00*16.00)/55.35 = 0.96 < 1.00 (4.8.3.3.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!
COMPARISON:
1. Compression resistance Pcz 1395.78 1387.00
2. Verification formula (4.8.3.3.1) 0.96 0.97
CONCLUSIONS:

- Beam/Column example (Rolled universal column)
TITLE:
Beam-Column example. Rolled universal column. See page 521.
SPECIFICATION:
Check the suitability of a 533x210x82 UB in grade 50 steel for use as the column
in a portal frame of clear height 5.6 m if the axial compression
is 160 kN, the moment at the top of the column is 530 kNm and the base is
pinned. The ends of the column are adequately restrained against lateral
displacement (i.e. out of the plane) and rotation.
Loading corresponds to compression and major axis moment distributed as
shown. Check initially over full height.
SOLUTION:
Define a new type of member. For analysed member pre-defined type of member COLUMN may be
initially opened. Press the Parameters button in DEFINITION-MEMBERS tab, which opens MEMBER
DEFINITION – PARAMETERS dialog box. Type a new name Column1 in the Member Type editable
field. Then, press Lat. Buckling icon and select the first icon (Element loaded symmetrically). Select
the icon Lateral buckling coefficient – Upper flange that opens Effective Length of Beams between
Supports dialog box. Choose third radio-button that set the lateral buckling coefficient to 1.0. Repeat
the previous procedure for the lower flange. For defining automatic way of equivalent uniform moment
factor calculation, press More button. Choose the icon for Factor My and select the second icon (Auto)
in Moment factor m dialog box. Save the newly-created type of member.

In the CALCULATIONS dialog box set Member Verification option for member 1 and switch off Limit
member.
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BS 5950: Part1: 1990
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
STEEL 50-355 py = 355.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: UB 533x210x82

D=52.83 cm
t=0.96 cm Iy=47540.000 cm4 Iz=2007.000 cm4 J=52.540 cm4
T=1.32 cm Sy=2058.000 cm3 Sz=300.000 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fc = 160.00 kN My = -530.00 kN*m
Pc = 3727.50 kN Mcy = 730.59 kN*m
Mpy = 730.59 kN*m Fvz = -94.64 kN
Sec_class = Compact my = 0.57 Pvz = 1080.27 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Fc = 160.00 kN v = 0.91 LAlt = 100.17 FIB = 674.41 kN*m
u = 0.86 Le = 5.60 m nlt = 0.49 Mb = 284.98 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ny = 0.02 Pcy = 3634.97 kN nz = 0.40 Pcz = 1084.70 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fc/Pc + My/Mcy = 160.00/3727.50 + 530.00/730.59 = 0.77 < 1.00 (4.8.3.2)
Fc/Pci + (my*My)/Mb = 160.00/1084.70 + (0.57*530.00)/284.98 = 1.21 > 1.00 (4.8.3.3.1)
Fvz/Pvz = 94.64/1080.27 = 0.09 < 1.00 (4.2.3)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Incorrect section !!!
Member has insufficient buckling resistance moment. Increase stability by

inserting a brace from a suitable side rail to the compression flange. Estimate
suitable location as 1.6 m below the top.
Create new structure consists 2 members: lower one of 4 m length (member 3)
and upper one of 1.6 m (member 2). Now analyse each of them separately using
previously created type of member Beam-Column.

STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BS 5950: Part1: 1990
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS: Governing Load Case: 1 DL1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
STEEL 50-355 py = 355.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

D=52.83 cm
t=0.96 cm Iy=47540.000 cm4 Iz=2007.000 cm4 J=52.540 cm4
T=1.32 cm Sy=2058.000 cm3 Sz=300.000 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fc = 160.00 kN My = 530.00 kN*m
Pc = 3727.50 kN Mcy = 730.59 kN*m
Mpy = 730.59 kN*m Fvz = -94.64 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

u = 0.86 Le = 1.60 m nlt = 0.01 Mb = 723.98 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ny = -0.02 Pcy = 3785.47 kN nz = 0.08 Pcz = 3401.68 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fc/Pc + My/Mcy = 160.00/3727.50 + 530.00/730.59 = 0.77 < 1.00 (4.8.3.2)
Fc/Pci + (my*My)/Mb = 160.00/3401.68 + (0.86*530.00)/723.98 = 0.67 < 1.00 (4.8.3.3.1)
Fvz/Pvz = 94.64/1080.27 = 0.09 < 1.00 (4.2.3)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!

STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BS 5950: Part1: 1990
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS: Governing Load Case: 1 DL1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL: STEEL 50-355 py = 355.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

D=52.83 cm
t=0.96 cm Iy=47540.000 cm4 Iz=2007.000 cm4 J=52.540 cm4
T=1.32 cm Sy=2058.000 cm3 Sz=300.000 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fc = 160.00 kN My = 378.57 kN*m
Pc = 3727.50 kN Mcy = 730.59 kN*m
Mpy = 730.59 kN*m Fvz = -94.64 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

u = 0.86 Le = 4.00 m nlt = 0.31 Mb = 424.08 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ny = 0.01 Pcy = 3698.34 kN nz = 0.27 Pcz = 1861.21 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fc/Pc + My/Mcy = 160.00/3727.50 + 378.57/730.59 = 0.56 < 1.00 (4.8.3.2)
Fc/Pci + (my*My)/Mb = 160.00/1861.21 + (0.57*378.57)/424.08 = 0.59 < 1.00 (4.8.3.3.1)
Fvz/Pvz = 94.64/1080.27 = 0.09 < 1.00 (4.2.3)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!
COMPARISON:
1. Compressive strength pcz 177.26 178.00
2. Compression resistance Pcz 1861.21 1851.00
3. Verification formula (4.8.3.3.1) 0.59 0.61
CONCLUSIONS:

- Beam example (Laterally restrained beam)
TITLE:
Beam example. Laterally restrained universal beam. See page 437.
SPECIFICATION:
Select a suitable UB section to function as a simply supported beam carrying a
140 mm thick solid concrete slab together with an imposed load of 7.0 kN/m2.
Beam span is 7.2 m and beams are spaced at 3,6 intervals. The slab may be
assumed capable of providing lateral restraint to the beams top flange.
Due to restraint from slab there is no possibility of lateral-torsional buckling, so
design beam for moment and shear capacity. It has been suggested that a UB
457x152x67 section be considered.
SOLUTION:
Ascribe pre-defined type of member SIMPLE BAR with appropriate set of code parameters for
State – Serviceability (only Ultimate Limit State will be analysed). Now you can start the calculations
by pressing Calculations button.

member.
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BS 5950: Part1: 1990
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
Governing Load Case: 3 COMB1 1*1.40+4*1.60
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
STEEL 43-275 py = 275.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

D=45.80 cm
t=0.90 cm Iy=28930.000 cm4 Iz=913.000 cm4 J=47.700 cm4
T=1.50 cm Sy=1442.000 cm3 Sz=183.000 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My = 370.02 kN*m
Mcy = 396.55 kN*m
Mpy = 396.55 kN*m
Sec_class = Plastic my = 1.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My/Mcy = 370.02/396.55 = 0.93 < 1.00 (4.2.5)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!
To check the shear capacity at the ends of the member set the number of points taken into account to
2. You can do that in CALCULATION | CONFIGURATION dialog box. Then, start calculations again.

STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BS 5950: Part1: 1990
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
STEEL 43-275 py = 275.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

D=45.80 cm
t=0.90 cm Iy=28930.000 cm4 Iz=913.000 cm4 J=47.700 cm4
T=1.50 cm Sy=1442.000 cm3 Sz=183.000 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My = 0.00 kN*m
Mcy = 396.55 kN*m
Mpy = 396.55 kN*m Fvz = 205.57 kN
Sec_class = Plastic my = 1.00 Pvz = 680.13 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My/Mcy = 0.00/396.55 = 0.00 < 1.00 (4.2.5)
Fvz/Pvz = 205.57/680.13 = 0.30 < 1.00 (4.2.3)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!
COMPARISON:
1. Moment Mcy 396.55 396.00
2. Design ultimate shear Fvz 205.57 205.00
3. Vertical shear capacity Pvz 680.13 686.00
CONCLUSIONS:

- Beam example 2 (Laterally unrestrained beam)
Example taken from STEEL DESIGNERS MANUAL
TITLE:
Beam example 2. Laterally unrestrained universal beam. See page 439.
SPECIFICATION:
For the same loading and support conditions as in example 4 select
a suitable UB assuming that the member must be designed as laterally
unrestrained. For simplicity make a safe approximation. Try 610x229x125 UB.
SOLUTION:
Ascribe the pre-defined type of member BEAM with appropriate set of code parameters for the
State – Serviceability (only Ultimate Limit state will be analysed). Now, you can start the calculations
by pressing Calculations button.
member.

STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BS 5950: Part1: 1990
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
STEEL 43-275 py = 275.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

D=61.22 cm
t=1.19 cm Iy=98610.000 cm4 Iz=3932.000 cm4 J=154.000 cm4
T=1.96 cm Sy=3673.000 cm3 Sz=535.000 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My = 370.02 kN*m
Mcy = 1010.08 kN*m
Mpy = 1010.08 kN*m
Sec_class = Plastic my = 1.00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

v = 0.85 LAlt = 107.75 FIB = 989.59 kN*m
u = 0.87 Le = 7.20 m nlt = 0.51 Mb = 412.71 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My/Mcy = 370.02/1010.08 = 0.37 < 1.00 (4.2.5)
(my*My)/Mb = (1.00*370.02)/412.71 = 0.90 < 1.00 (4.3.7.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

COMPARISON:
1. Buckling resistance Mb 412.71 427.00
CONCLUSIONS:

2. Swedish code BSK99

- Simply flexural member supported against lateral
buckling
Example taken from handbook
DIMENSIONERING ENLIGT BSK
Stalbyggnadsinstituten; Publication 99; April 1990
written by Kurt Lundin
File: Verification manual_BSK99_example_1.rtd
TITLE:
Simply flexural member supported against lateral buckling (page 107).
SPECIFICATION:
Design a simply supported beam spanning 4,0 m to carry a uniformly distributed load of qd = 18,0
kN/m. Assume that considered beam is laterally supported. Safety class 2 should also be taken into
consideration. It has been suggested that IPE 180 shape might be initially used. Use SS1412 steel
(fyk=260 MPa).
SOLUTION:
For analysed member pre-defined type of member MEMBER may be used. It can be set in Member
type combo-box. Any additional changes in MEMBER set of parameters are not necessary.
State – Service (only Ultimate Limit state will be analysed). Now, start the calculations by pressing
Calculation button.

member.
RESULTS:

STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BSK 99
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
Governing Load Case: 1 TEST
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL
SS1412 fyk = 260.00 MPa
gm = 1.00 - Partial coefficient for tolerances
gn = 1.10 - Partial coefficient for safety class
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: IPE 180

ht=18.00 cm
bf=9.10 cm Ay=14.560 cm2 Az=9.540 cm2 Ax=23.950 cm2
tw=0.53 cm Iy=1317.000 cm4 Iz=100.900 cm4 Ix=4.800 cm4
tf=0.80 cm Wely=146.333 cm3 Welz=22.176 cm3
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERNAL FORCES
Msyd = 36.00 kN*m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CAPACITIES
Mryd = 39.24 kN*m
KL = 1 N,y = 1.13
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section check
Msyd/Mryd = 0.92 < 1.00 (BSK 6:243)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!
COMPARISON:
Resistance, interaction expression Robot HANDBOOK
Design moment about Y-axis Msyd [kNm] 36,00 36,00
Moment capacity about Y-axis Mryd [kNm] 39,24 39,3
Check of the formula Msyd/Mryd < 1.00 0,92 0,92
(Section check 6:243 from the BSK99 code
CONCLUSION:
Exact agreement of results.

- Simply flexural member not supported against lateral
buckling
TITLE:
Simply flexural member not supported against lateral buckling (page 108).
SPECIFICATION:
Design a simply supported beam spanning 9,0 m to carry a two concentrated forces of
Fd = 50,0 kN (as shown aside). Assume that considered beam is laterally supported at the points of
load application. Safety class 2 should also be taken into consideration. It has been suggested that
HEA 240 shape might be initially used. Use SS1412 steel (fyk=260MPa).
SOLUTION:
Define a new type of member. For analysed member pre-defined type of member MEMBER may be
initially used. It can be set in Member type combo-box. Press the Parameters button in DEFINITION-
MEMBERS tab, which opens MEMBER DEFINITION – PARAMETERS dialog box. Type a new name
GIRDER1 in the Member Type editable field. Switch Lateral buckling check-box on. For defining
internal supports against lateral buckling select Lateral buckling length coef. – Upper Flange button.
Then choose Intermediate bracings button that opens Internal Bracings dialog box. Switch on radio-
button real that is a part of Coordinate of the existing bracing field. In editable field put 2 co-ordinates
of lateral supports (3,0 and 6,0). Close dialog by pressing OK. Save the newly-created type of
member.

Calculations button.
member.
RESULTS:

STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BSK 99
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL
SS1412 fyk = 260.00 MPa
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: HEA 240

ht=23.00 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERNAL FORCES
Msyd = 150.00 kN*m

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CAPACITIES
Mryd = 176.02 kN*m
KL = 1 N,y = 1.10
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

L1 = 3.00 m Lam,b = 0.48 Msycd = 150.00 kN*m
M1cr = 835.35 kN*m Om,b = 0.99 Mrycd = 174.90 kN*m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section check
Msyd/Mryd = 0.85 < 1.00 (BSK 6:243)
Vszd/Vrzd = 0.00 < 1.00 (BSK 6:261)
Member stability check
Msycd/Mrycd = 0.86 < 1.00 (BSK 6:243b)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

COMPARISON:
Design moment about Y-axis Msyd [kNm] 150,00 150,00
Moment capacity about Y-axis Mryd [kNm] 176,02 176
Lateral moment capacity about Y-axis Mrycd [kNm] 174,90 172
Check of the formula Msyd/Mryd < 1.00 0,85 0,85
(Section check 6:243 from the BSK99 code)
Check of the formula Msycd/Mrycd < 1.00 0,86 0,87
(Member stability check 6:243b from the BSK99 code)
CONCLUSION:
Good agreement of results. Small differences are caused by different way of rounding-off the cross
sectional properties (cross sectional area, section modulus, moment of inertia).

- Axial compression
TITLE:
Axial compression (page 111).
SPECIFICATION:
A HEA 240 column is required to carry a factored load of 850 kN. The effective length along the weak
axis is Lcy = 5,5 m. Assume that safety class = 3 and the column is made of SS1412 steel
(fyk=240MPa).
SOLUTION:
For analysed member pre-defined type of member COLUMN may be used. It can be set in Member
type combo-box. Any additional changes in COLUMN set of parameters are not necessary.

member.
RESULTS:

STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BSK 99
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL
SS1412 fyk = 260.00 MPa
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ht=23.00 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERNAL FORCES
Nsd = 850.00 kN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CAPACITIES
Nrd = 1664.87 kN
KL = 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ly = 5.50 m Lam,yc = 0.61 Lz = 5.50 m Lam,zc = 1.03
Bet,ly = 1.00 curve,y: b Bet,lz = 1.00 curve,z: c
Lcy = 5.50 m Om,yc = 0.82 Lcz = 5.50 m Om,zc = 0.51
Lam,y = 54.72 Nrycd = 1372.64 kN Lam,z = 91.62 Nrzcd = 841.93 kN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section check
Nsd/Nrd = 0.51 < 1.00 (BSK 6:23)
Nsd/Nrzcd = 1.01 > 1.00 (BSK 6:23)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Incorrect section!!!

COMPARISON:
Axial compression capacity (without buckling) Nrd [kNm] 1664,87 1660
Buckling coefficient about Z-axis zc [1] 0,51 0,5
Axial buckling capacity about Z-axis Nrzcd [kNm] 841,93 830
Check of the formula Nsd/Nrd < 1.00 0,51 0,51
Check of the formula Nsd/Nrzcd < 1.00 1,01 1,02
(Member stability check 6:23 from the BSK99 code
CONCLUSION:

- Combined weak axis bending and axial compression
TITLE:
Combined weak axis bending and axial compression (page 113).
SPECIFICATION:
Investigate the acceptability of IPE 240 section used as a beam-column under the loading shown
aside. The effective length Lcy,z along both axes is 1,0*Ly =1,0*Lz = 3 m. Assume that safety class = 2
and the column is made of SS1412 steel (fyk=260MPa).
SOLUTION:
type combo-box. Any additional changes in COLUMN set of parameters are not necessary.

Calculation button.
member.
RESULTS:

STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BSK 99
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL
SS1412 fyk = 260.00 MPa
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ht=24.00 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERNAL FORCES
Nsd = 180.00 kN Mszd = -4.50 kN*m
Mszbd = -4.50 kN*m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CAPACITIES
Nrd = 924.65 kN Mrzd = 13.97 kN*m
KL = 1 N,z = 1.25
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bet,ly = 1.00 curve,y: a Bet,lz = 1.00 curve,z: b
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section check
Mszd/Mrzd = 0.32 < 1.00 (BSK 6:243)
(Nsd/Nrzcd)âc + (Mszbd/Mrzd)^gzc = 0.91 < 1.00 (BSK 6:252b)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK!!!

COMPARISON:
Buckling coefficient about Z-axis zc [1] 0,43 0,43
Axial buckling capacity about Z-axis Nrzcd [kNm] 395,82 390
Moment capacity about Z-axis Mrzd [kNm] 13,97 14
Check of the formula Mszd/Mrzd < 1.00 0,32 0,32
Check of the formula 0,91 0,92
(Nsd/Nrzcd)âc + (Mszbd/Mrzd)^gzc < 1.00
(Member stability check 6:252b from the BSK99 code
CONCLUSION:

IPE profile loaded in uni-axial bending / axial compression I
TITLE:
IPE profile loaded in uni-axial bending and axial compression (page 116).
SPECIFICATION:
The column shown aside is pinned at the both ends about y-y and z-z axes. Additionally the column is
protected against buckling about weak Z axis. The effective length Lcy along strong Y axis is 1,0*Ly = 8
m. For the design value of the compressive force Nsd =500 kN and bending moment Msyd=150 kNm
check the column made of SS1412 steel. It has been suggested that a IPE 360 section may be
considered. Safety class 3 should be taken into calculations.
SOLUTION:
initially opened. It can be set in Member type combo-box. Press the Parameters button in
DEFINITION-MEMBERS tab, which opens MEMBER DEFINITION – PARAMETERS dialog box. Type
a new name Column 1 in the Member Type editable field. Then select Buckling length coef Z icon. In
Buckling type diagrams dialog choose X icon for disabling the possibility of buckling about Z axis.
Save the newly-created type of member.

State – Service (only Ultimate Limit State will be analysed). Now, start the calculations by pressing
member.
RESULTS:

STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BSK 99
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL
SS1412 fyk = 260.00 MPa

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ht=36.00 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERNAL FORCES
Nsd = 500.00 kN Msyd = 150.00 kN*m

Msybd = 90.00 kN*m Vszd = 18.75 kN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CAPACITIES
Nrd = 1575.82 kN Mryd = 221.00 kN*m

KL = 1 N,y = 1.13 Vrzd = 388.58 kN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ly = 8.00 m Lam,yc = 0.60
Bet,ly = 1.00 curve,y: a
Lcy = 8.00 m Om,yc = 0.89
Lam,y = 53.49 Nrycd = 1395.92 kN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section check
(Nsd/Nrd)^g0 + Msyd/Mryd = 0.91 < 1.00 (BSK 6:251a)
Vszd/Vrzd = 0.05 < 1.00 (BSK 6:261)
(Nsd/Nrycd)^gyc + Msybd/Mryd = 0.72 < 1.00 (BSK 6:252a)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK!!!

COMPARISON:
Axial buckling capacity about Y-axis Nrycd [kN] 1395,92 1400
Equivalent design moment ( for buckling) Msybd [kNm] 90,00 90
Check of the formula (Nsd/Nrycd)^gyc + Msybd/Mryd < 1.00 0,72 0,72
(Stability check 6:252a from the BSK99 code)
Check of the formula (Nsd/Nrd)^g0 + Msyd/Mryd < 1.00 0,91 0,91
(Section check 6:251a from the BSK99 code)
CONCLUSION:

- IPE profile loaded in uni-axial bending / axial
compression II
TITLE:
IPE profile loaded in uni-axial bending and axial compression (page 120).
SPECIFICATION:
The column shown aside is pinned at the both ends about y-y and z-z axes. The effective lengths
along both axes are Lcy = Lcz = 1,0*Ly = 2,4 m. For the design value of the compressive force Nsd =200
kN and two equal end moments Msyd=120 kNm check the column made of SS1412 steel. It has been
suggested that a IPE 300 section may be considered. Safety class 2 should be taken into calculations.
SOLUTION:
a new name Column 1 in the Member Type editable field. Switch Lateral buckling check-box on. Save
the newly-created type of member.

State – Service (only Ultimate Limit State will be analysed). Now, start the calculations by pressing
member.
RESULTS:

STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: BSK 99
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL
SS1412 fyk = 260.00 MPa

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ht=30.00 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERNAL FORCES
Nsd = 200.00 kN Msyd = 120.00 kN*m

Msybd = 120.00 kN*m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CAPACITIES
Nrd = 1271.87 kN Mryd = 148.44 kN*m

KL = 1 N,y = 1.13
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

L1 = 2.40 m Lam,b = 0.67 Msycd = 120.00 kN*m
M1cr = 366.35 kN*m Om,b = 0.93 Mrycd = 138.29 kN*m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Bet,ly = 1.00 curve,y: a Bet,lz = 1.00 curve,z: b
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section check
(Nsd/Nrd)^g0 + Msyd/Mryd = 0.90 < 1.00 (BSK 6:251a)
(Nsd/Nrzcd)âc + (Msybd/Mrycd)^bc + (Mszbd/Mrzd)^gzc = 0.92 < 1.00 (BSK 6:253b)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

COMPARISON:
Axial buckling capacity about Z-axis Nrzcd [kN] 901,24 900
Equivalent design moment ( for buckling) Msybd [kNm] 120,00 120,00
Lateral moment capacity about Mrycd Y-axis [kNm] 138,29 136
Check of the formula (Nsd/Nrzcd)âc + (Msybd/Mrycd)^bc +
(Mszbd/Mrzd)^gzc < 1.00 0,92 0,91
(Stability check 6:253b from the BSK99 code)
CONCLUSION:

3. French code CM66

- Axial compression I
Example taken from handbook STRUCTURES METALLIQUES
CM66 - additif 80 - Eurocode 3
written by Jean Morel
File: Verification manual_CM66_example_1.rtd
TITLE:
Axial compression (Example 1 page 119).
SPECIFICATION:
The column shown below is fully restraint at the bottom end and pinned at the top end about y-y and
z-z axes. So the effective length lk along both of axes is 0,5h = 5000 mm. For the design value of the
compressive force N=73500 daN check the column made of S.235steel. It has been suggested that a
IPE 400 section be considered.
SOLUTION:
a new name Column 1 in the Member Type editable field. Then, press Buckling Length coefficient Y
icon and select the second icon (value 0.5). Repeat the same operation for Z direction.

member.

STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: CM66
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
Governing Load Case: 1 test
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
ACIER fy = 23.50 daN/mm2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ht=40.0 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STRESSES: SigN = 73500.00/84.464 = 8.70 daN/mm2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LY=10.00 m MuY=26.09 LZ=10.00 m MuZ=1.49
LfY=5.00 m k0Y=1.03 LfZ=5.00 m k0Z=2.69
Lambda Y=30.22 Lambda Z=126.58
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
k0*SigN = 2.69*8.70 = 23.37 < 23.50 daN/mm2 (3.411)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK!!!
COMPARISON:
Factored compressive stress in a member k [daN/mm2] 23,37 23,5
Amplification factor for compression stresses k 2,69 2,71

CM66 (3,412) CM66 (3,411)
Check of the formula k /e  1
0,99 1,000
CONCLUSION:

- Axial compression II
CONCEPTION ET CALCUL DES STRUCTURES METALLIQUES
TITLE:
Axial compression (Example 3.2.4.1 page 73).
SPECIFICATION:
The column shown aside is fully restraint at the both ends about y-y and z-z axes. The effective length
lk along both of axes is 0,5h = 4000 mm. For the design value of the compressive force N=130167
daN check the column made of E24 steel. It has been suggested that a HEB 200 section be
considered.
SOLUTION:
icon and select the second icon (value 0.5). Repeat the same operation for Z direction.

member.

STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: CM66
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
ACIER E24 fy = 23.50 daN/mm2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: HEB 200

ht=20.0 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LY=8.00 m MuY=5.67 LZ=8.00 m MuZ=1.99
LfY=4.00 m k0Y=1.10 LfZ=4.00 m k0Z=1.42
Lambda Y=46.83 Lambda Z=78.97
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
k0*SigN = 1.42*16.67 = 23.70 > 23.50 daN/mm2 (3.411)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMPARISON:
1. Factored compressive stress in a member k [daN/mm2] 23,7 24,00
2. Check of the formula k /e  1 1,01 1,02
CONCLUSION:

- Bending with lateral/torsional buckling effect
Written by Jean Morel
TITLE:
Bending with lateral-torsional buckling effect (Example 3.3.4.1 page 92).
SPECIFICATION:
IS1 simply supported beam over a span of 40.0 m. is laterally restraint at both ends. For the loading
shown below check the beam made of IS 1 steel.
SOLUTION:
Define a new type of member. For analysed member pre-defined type of member BEAM may be
a new name Beam 1 in the Member Type editable field. For defining appropriate load type diagram,
press More button. Choose the icon for Load type Y and double-click the first icon (Uniform Loads) in
Load Type dialog box. Repeat the same operation for Z direction. Save the newly-created type of
member.

member.

STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: CM66
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: IS 1
ht=150.0 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
STRESSES:
SigFY = 83600.00/27514.902 = 3.04 daN/mm2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

z=0.00 B=1.00 D=2.36 Sig D=1.78 daN/mm2
lD_sup=40.00 m C=1.13 kD=7.63
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
kD*SigFY = 7.63*3.04 = 23.20 < 23.50 daN/mm2 (3.611)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK!!!
COMPARISON:
1. Factored flexural stress in a member kD fy [daN/mm2]

(lateral buckling analysis included) 23,20 24,00
2. Check of the formula kD fy /e  1 0,99 1,02
CONCLUSION:
Good agreement of results. The differences are caused by different way of rounding-off the cross

- IPE profile loaded in uniaxial bending and axial
compression
TITLE:
IPE profile loaded in uniaxial bending and axial compression (Example 3.2.4.3 page 77).
SPECIFICATION:
The column shown aside is a part of a portal frame. It is fully restrained at the bottom end and is
connected by rigid connection with a regel at the top end (lky = 9,53 m.). For the design values of the
compressive force N=8000 daN and bending moment My = 12000 daNm check the beam made of
E24 steel. It has been suggested that a IPE 360 section be considered.
SOLUTION:
a new name Column 1 in the Member Type editable field. Then, select Member length ly - Real radio-
button and tape the value 9.53.

member.

STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: CM66
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ht=36.0 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SigFY = 12000.00/903.644 = 13.28 daN/mm2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LY=9.53 m MuY=46.400 LZ=6.00 m MuZ=7.509
LfY=9.53 m k1Y=1.007 LfZ=6.00 m k1Z=1.048
Lambda Y=63.725 kFY=1.034 Lambda Z=158.405
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
k1*SigN + kFY*SigFY = 1.048*1.10 + 1.034*13.28 = 14.89 < 23.50 daN/mm2 (3.521)
1.54*TauZ = 1.540*1.39 = 2.14 < 23.50 daN/mm2 (1.313)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK!!!
COMPARISON:
1. Factored compressive stress in a member n [daN/mm2] 1,10 1,10
2. Factored flexural stress in a member fy [daN/mm2]
(lateral buckling analysis not included) 13,28 13,3
Check of the formula (k1n + kff )/ e  1,0
( 3,521 from the CM66 code) 0,634 0,613
CONCLUSION:

- Compression and shear force
Example taken from handbook STRUCTURES METALLIQUES
CM66 - additif 80 - Eurocode 3
TITLE:
Beam-column (Example 2 page 119).
SPECIFICATION:
The column is fully restrained at the bottom end and pinned at the top end about y-y and
z-z axes (lky = lkz = 0,7). For the loading conditions (3 load cases) as shown below check the beam-
column made of S.235 steel. It has been suggested that HEA 200 shape might be used.
SOLUTION:
icon and select the third icon (value 0.7). Repeat the same operation for Z direction. For defining
appropriate load type diagram, press More button. Choose the icon for Load type Y and double-click
the third icon (Concentrated Force in Center) in Load Type dialog box. Repeat the same operation for
Z direction. Save the newly-created type of member.

member. Analyse the member separately for each previously defined load case. The view of the
RESULTS window is presented below. Moreover, the printout note containing the same results data
as in Simplified results tab of the RESULTS window is added.

RESULTS:
1. Load case no. 1
STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: CM66
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
Governing Load Case: 1 test1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ht=19.0 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SigFZ = 2250.00/133.551 = 16.85 daN/mm2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LY=4.00 m MuY=32.536 LZ=4.00 m MuZ=11.769
LfY=2.80 m k1Y=1.010 LfZ=2.80 m k1Z=1.029

Lambda Y=33.809 Lambda Z=56.215 kFZ=1.107

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
k1*SigN + kFZ*SigFZ = 1.029*5.57 + 1.107*16.85 = 24.38 > 23.50 daN/mm2 (3.521)
1.54*TauY = |0.000*-0.52| = |0.00| < 23.50 daN/mm2 (1.313)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2. Load case no. 2
STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: CM66
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ht=19.0 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SigFY = 2250.00/388.647 = 5.79 daN/mm2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


z=0.000 B=1.000 D=1.401 Sig D=20.34 daN/mm2
lD_inf=4.00 m C=1.560 kD=1.002
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LY=4.00 m MuY=32.536 LZ=4.00 m MuZ=11.769
LfY=2.80 m k1Y=1.010 LfZ=2.80 m k1Z=1.029
Lambda Y=33.809 kFY=1.036 Lambda Z=56.215
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
k1*SigN + kD*kFY*SigFY = 1.029*5.57 + 1.002*1.036*5.79 = 11.74 < 23.50 daN/mm2 (3.731)
1.54*TauZ = 0.000*1.67 = 0.00 < 23.50 daN/mm2 (1.313)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK!!!
3. Load case no. 3
STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: CM66
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ht=19.0 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SigFY = 2250.00/388.647 = 5.79 daN/mm2
SigFZ = 2250.00/133.551 = 16.85 daN/mm2
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

z=0.000 B=1.000 D=1.401 Sig D=20.34 daN/mm2
lD_inf=4.00 m C=1.560 kD=1.002
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

LY=4.00 m MuY=32.536 LZ=4.00 m MuZ=11.769
LfY=2.80 m k1Y=1.010 LfZ=2.80 m k1Z=1.029
Lambda Y=33.809 kFY=1.036 Lambda Z=56.215 kFZ=1.107
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
k1*SigN + kD*kFY*SigFY + kFZ*SigFZ = 1.029*5.57 + 1.002*1.036*5.79 + 1.107*16.85 = 30.39 > 23.50
daN/mm2 (3.731)
1.54*TauY = |0.000*-0.52| = |0.00| < 23.50 daN/mm2 (1.313)
1.54*TauZ = 0.000*1.67 = 0.00 < 23.50 daN/mm2 (1.313)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMPARISON:
Case 1
2. Factored flexural stress in a member fz [daN/mm2]
Check of the formula (k1n + kfzfz )/ e  1,0
( 3,521 from the CM66 code) 1,038 1,030
Case 2
Check of the formula (k1n + kfy fy )/ e  1,0
( 3,521 from the CM66 code) 0,500 0,498
Case 3
5,57 5,6
1. Factored compressive stress in a member n [daN/mm2]
5,79 5,8
(lateral buckling analysis included)
3. Factored flexural stress in a member fz [daN/mm2] 16,85 16,8
(lateral buckling analysis included)
4. Check of the formula (k1n + kfy fy + kfzfz)/ e  1,0 1,293 1,285
( 3,521 from the CM66 code)
CONCLUSION:

4. Eurocode 3 (ENV 1993-1-1:1992)

- Axial compression
Example taken from EXAMPLES TO EUROCODE 3
First edition 1993 No.71 prepared by the ECCS - Advisory Committee AC 5
File: Verification manual_EC3_example_1.rtd
TITLE:
Axial compression (Example 2.1.2).
SPECIFICATION:
The column shown below is fully restraint at the bottom end and pinned at the top end about y-y and
z-z axes. Additionally, it is restraint about z-z axis at mid-height (ly = 0.7 x 6.0 m = 4.20 m, lz = 0.88 x
3.0 = 2.64 m). For the design value of the compressive force NSd = 2900 kN check the beam in ACIER
steel. It has been suggested that a HEB300 section be considered.
SOLUTION:
initially opened. Press the Parameters button in DEFINITIONS/MEMBERS tab, which opens MEMBER
DEFINITION – PARAMETERS dialog box. Type a new name Column 1 in the Member Type editable
field. Then, press Buckling Length coefficient Y icon and select the third icon (value 0.7). For Z
direction press Buckling Length coefficient Z and choose the last icon that opens Internal bracing
dialog box. Type 0.5 in the Coordinate of the existing bracing edit box and select Relative radio button.
In Buckling coefficients of component segments edit box type two times 0.88 value. Close dialog box
by pressing OK. Save the newly-created type of member.

member.

STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: Eurocode 3 (ENV 1993-1-1:1992)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
Governing Load Case: 1 STA1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
ACIER fy = 235.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=30.0 cm gM0=1.10 gM1=1.10
b=30.0 cm Ay=114.000 cm2 Az=47.350 cm2 Ax=149.000 cm2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.sd = 2900.00 kN
Nc.rd = 3183.18 kN
Nb.rd = 2905.02 kN
Class of section = 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ly = 6.00 m Lambda_y = 0.34 Lz = 6.00 m Lambda_z = 0.37
Lfy = 4.20 m Xy = 0.95 Lfz = 2.64 m Xz = 0.91
Lambda y = 32.31 ky = 1.02 Lambda z = 34.83 kz = 0.66
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nsd/Nc.rd = 2900.00/3183.18 =0.91 < 1.00 (5.16)
Nsd/Nb.rd = 2900.00/2905.02 =1.00 < 1.00 (5.45)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!
COMPARISON:
1. Buckling about the weak axis Nb.Rd 2905.02 2906.6
CONCLUSIONS:

- Bending
TITLE:
Bending (Example 2.2.1).
SPECIFICATION:
IPE 500 simply supported beam over a span of 7.0 m is laterally restraint at both ends and additionally
at mid span is connected by a nominally pinned connection. For the loading shown aside check the
beam in ACIER E28 steel. All loads given are at the ultimate limit state.
SOLUTION:
Define a new type of member.
For analysed member pre-defined type of member BEAM may be initially opened. It can be set in
Member type combo-box. Press the Parameters button in DEFINITION-MEMBERS tab, which opens
MEMBER DEFINITION – PARAMETERS dialog box. Type a new name Beam 1 in the Member Type
editable field. Then, press Lateral buckling coefficient – Upper flange icon and select the last icon
(intermediate bracing) that opens Internal bracing dialog box. Type 0.5 in the Coordinate of the
existing bracing edit box and select Relative radio button. In Buckling coefficients of component
segments edit box type two times 1.0 value. Close dialog box by pressing OK. Set identical
parameters as before for the lower flange. For defining appropriate load type diagram, press More
button. Choose the icon for Load type Y and double-click the first icon (Uniform moment and varying
linearly) in Load Type dialog box. Save the newly-created type of member.

member.

STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
ACIER E28 fy = 275.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=50.0 cm gM0=1.10 gM1=1.10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My.sd = 438.24 kN*m
Mply.rd = 548.57 kN*m
Vz.sd = -105.00 kN
Vplz.rd = 864.21 kN
Mb.rd = 495.73 kN*m Class of section = 1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C1 = 1.88 Mcr = 1907.48 kN*m kLT = 1.00
lD_sup=3.50 m C2 = 0.00 XLT = 0.90
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My.sd/Mcy.rd = 438.24/548.57 =0.80 < 1.00 (5.17)
My.sd/Mb.rd = 438.24/495.73 =0.88 < 1.00 (5.48)
Vz.sd/Vplz.rd = 0.12 < 1.00 (5.20)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

COMPARISON:
1. Critical bending moment Mcr 1907.48 1905.8
2. Lateral torsional buckling Mb.Rd 495.73 496.1
CONCLUSIONS:

- CFRS profile loaded in bending and axial compression
TITLE:
RHS profile loaded in bending and axial compression (Example 2.3.1).
SPECIFICATION:
The column is fully supported at the bottom end. It is not restrained at the load introduction points. The
buckling lengths are determined by a separate calculations so that l = 10.85 m for the bottom segment
and l = 15.34 m for the top segment. For the design values of the compressive forces shown below
check the beam in STEEL 43-275. It has been suggested that a CFRS 250x250x10 hot rolled section
be considered.
SOLUTION:
Define a new type of member for bar 1 (bottom segment). For analysed member pre-defined type of
member COLUMN may be initially opened. It can be set in Member type combo-box. Press the
Parameters button in DEFINITION-MEMBERS tab, which opens MEMBER DEFINITION –
PARAMETERS dialog box. Type a new name Bottom segment in the Member Type editable field.
Then, select the Member length ly - Real radio button and type 10.85 in editable field. Set identical
parameters as before for the length lz. Save the newly-created type of member. Create a new type of
member for bar 2 (top segment) similarly as for bar 1. The name Top segment and length 15.34
should be estabilished. Save the newly-created type of member.

In the CALCULATIONS dialog box set Member Verification option for members 1 2 and switch off
Limit State – Serviceability (only Ultimate Limit state will be analysed). Now, start the calculations by
line with results for any member opens the RESULTS dialog box with detailed results.

1) Bottom segment:
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL: S275 ( S275 ) fy = 275.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: CFRS 250x250x10

h=25.00 cm gM0=1.10 gM1=1.10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.sd = 800.00 kN My.sd = 36.00 kN*m
Nc.rd = 2314.25 kN Mply.rd = 205.50 kN*m
Nb.rd = 1082.91 kN Mny.rd = 174.61 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lfy = 10.85 m Xy = 0.47 Lfz = 10.85 m Xz = 0.47
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Nsd/Nc.rd = 800.00/2314.25 =0.35 < 1.00 (5.16)
Nsd/(Xmin*A*fy/gM1)+ky*My.sd/(Wply*fy/gM1) = 1.00 > 1.00 (5.51)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2) Top segment:
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL: S275 ( S275 ) fy = 275.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: CFRS 250x250x10

h=25.00 cm gM0=1.10 gM1=1.10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.sd = 400.00 kN My.sd = 18.00 kN*m
Nb.rd = 598.58 kN Mny.rd = 205.50 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lfy = 15.34 m Xy = 0.26 Lfz = 15.34 m Xz = 0.26

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nsd/Nc.rd = 400.00/2314.25 =0.17 < 1.00 (5.16)
Nsd/(Xmin*A*fy/gM1)+ky*My.sd/(Wply*fy/gM1) = 0.80 < 1.00 (5.51)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!
COMPARISON:
Bottom segment:
1. Axial compression resistance Nb.rd 1082.91 1091.2
2. Verification formula (5.51) 1.00 0.99
Top segment:
1. Axial compression resistance Nb.rd 598.58 601.3
2. Verification formula (5.51) 0.80 0.80
CONCLUSIONS:

- Compression and bending
TITLE:
Compression and bending (Example 2.3.2).
SPECIFICATION:
The column shown aside is pin ended about y-y and z-z axes. For the design value of the
compressive force NSd = 120 kN and uniform distributed load w = 2.67 kN/m (caused bending about
strong axis) check the beam in S235 steel. It has been suggested that a HEA140 section be
considered.
SOLUTION:
DEFINITION – PARAMETERS dialog box. Type a new name Column1 in the Member Type editable
field. Then, press Lateral Buckling Type icon and select the first icon (Element loaded symmetrically).

member.

STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL: S 235 ( S 235 ) fy = 235.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=13.30 cm gM0=1.10 gM1=1.10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.sd = 120.00 kN My.sd = 8.34 kN*m
Nb.rd = 208.44 kN Mny.rd = 34.64 kN*m
Mb.rd = 28.38 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C1 = 1.13 Mcr = 56.39 kN*m kLT = 0.92
lD_sup=5.00 m C2 = 0.46 XLT = 0.77
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lfy = 5.00 m Xy = 0.64 Lfz = 5.00 m Xz = 0.31
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My.sd/Mny.rd = 8.34/34.64 =0.24 < 1.00 (5.23)
Nsd/(Xmin*A*fy/gM1)+ky*My.sd/(Wply*fy/gM1) = 0.87 < 1.00 (5.51)
Nsd/(Xz*A*fy/gM1)+klt*My.sd/(Xlt*Wply*fy/gM1) = 0.85 < 1.00 (5.52)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!
COMPARISON:
1. Axial compression resistance Nb.Rd 208.44 208.8
2. Critical bending moment Mcr 56.39 56.9
3. Bending moment resistance Mb.Rd 28.38 28.3
CONCLUSIONS:

- Simply supported beam under tension and uniaxial
bending
Example taken from CONSTRUCTION METALLIQUE- Examples numeriques adaptes aux Eurocodes
written by J. Brozzetti, M.A. Hirt and R. Bez
TITLE:
Simply supported beam under tension and uniaxial bending (Example 4.9).
SPECIFICATION:
HEA 180 simply supported beam over a span of 6.5 m. For the design value of the tension force NSd =
225 kN and uniform distributed load qSd = 10 kN/m (caused bending about strong axis) check the
beam in S235 steel.
SOLUTION:
Define a new type of member. For analysed member pre-defined type of member BEAM may be
DEFINITION – PARAMETERS dialog box. Type a new name Beam1 in the Member Type editable
field. For defining a new value of material coefficient M0 , press More button. In the editable field
Material coefficient – GammaM0 type the new value 1.1. Close the dialog by pressing OK button.

member.

STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
S 235 ( S 235 ) fy = 235.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=17.10 cm gM0=1.10 gM1=1.10
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N.sd = -225.00 kN My.sd = 52.81 kN*m
Nt.rd = 966.70 kN Mply.rd = 69.41 kN*m
Mny.rd = 60.66 kN*m
Mb.rd = 50.34 kN*m

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

C1 = 1.13 Mcr = 91.57 kN*m kLT = 1.00
lD_sup=6.50 m C2 = 0.46 XLT = 0.73
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
My.sd/Mny.rd = 52.81/60.66 =0.87 < 1.00 (5.23)
Meff.sd/Mb.rd = 0.82 < 1.00 (5.5.3)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!
COMPARISON:
1. Bending moment My.Sd 52.81 52.8
2. Resistance verification: Mply.Rd 69.41 69.2
Mny.Rd 60.66 60.9
CONCLUSIONS:

5. Norwegian code NS3472:2001

- Combined weak axis bending and axial compression
is based on Robobat’s expert hand-calculations
of examples given from the course Prosjektering av stalkonstruksjoner,
Beregnings-og konstruksjonregler etter ny revidert NS3472, ons 28.3.2001 Oslo held by Norsk
Forening for Stalkonsttruksjoner.
File: Verification manual_NS3472_example_1.rtd
TITLE:
Combined weak axis bending and axial compression.
SPECIFICATION:
Check HEA 400 section used as a beam-column subjected to the axial compressive force N=2000 kN
and weak axis moment Mz = 190 kNm. As the column is fully supported at the bottom end and pinned
at the top, the effective length Lkz = 0.7* Lz = 0.7*4.0 = 2.8 m. Assume that the column is made of
S275 steel.
SOLUTION:
For analysed member pre-defined type of COLUMN member may be used. It can be set in Member
type combo-box. Press the Parameters button in DEFINITION-MEMBERS tab, which opens the
MEMBER DEFINITION – PARAMETERS dialog box. Type a new name Column1 in the Member
Type editable field. Then select Buckling length coef Z icon. In Buckling type diagrams dialog choose
the third icon for setting buckling length coefficient on 0.7. Save the newly-created type of member.

State – Serviceability (only Ultimate Limit State will be analysed). Start the calculations by pressing
Member Verification dialog box with most significant results data will appear on the screen. Pressing
the line with results for member 1 opens the RESULTS dialog box with detailed results for the
analysed member.

Robot RESULTS:
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: Norsk Standard NS 3472:2001
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS: Governing Load Case: 1 STA1
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL
S275J2G3
fy = 275.00 MPa fu = 410.00 MPa E = 210000.00 MPa
G = 80000.00 MPa gM1 = 1.10 gM2 = 1.25
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=39.0 cm
tf=1.9 cm Wply = 2561.970 cm3 Wplz = 872.880 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nf = 2000.00 kN Mfz = -190.00 kN*m Vfy = -47.50 kN
Ncd = 3975.00 kN Md,z = 218.22 kN*m Vd,y = 1645.45 kN
n = 0.50 MNd,z = 197.65 kN*m
Section class = 1 mz = 0.87
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lky = 4.00 m Xy = 0.98 Lkz = 2.80 m Xz = 0.91
Lamb,y = 23.76 Nkd,y = 3909.71 kN Lamb,z = 38.15 Nkd,z = 3617.64 kN
Lamb_y = 0.27 ny = 0.51 Lamb_z = 0.44 nz = 0.55
Fi,y = 0.55 Xz = 0.91 kz = 0.82
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section check
Mfz/MNd,z = 0.96 < 1.00 (NS 12.2.6)
Vfy/Vd,y = 0.03 < 1.00 (NS 12.2.5)
nmax + kz*mz = 1.27 > 1.00 (NS 12.3.4.2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
COMPARISON:
Resistance, interaction expression Robot HAND CALCUL.
1. Plastic moment capacity Md,z [kNm] 218.22 214.00
2. Plastic moment capacity reduced by axial force MNd,z [kNm] 197.65 193.6
3. Axial capacity Nd [kN] 3975.00 3975.00
4. Buckling coefficient about Z-axis z [1] 0.910 0.910
5. Axial buckling capacity about Z-axis Nkd,z [kN] 3617.64 3618.00

CONCLUSION:
HAND MADE CALCULATIONS:

- IPE section subjected to axial compression with buckling
is based on Robobat’s expert hand calculations
TITLE:
IPE section subjected to axial compression with buckling.
SPECIFICATION:
The column shown aside is pinned at the both ends about y-y and z-z axes. Additionally, it is restraint
about weak Z axis at mid-height (Lkz = 0.5*Lz = 0.5*6.0 = 3.0 m). The effective length Lky along strong
Y axis is 1.0*Ly = 6.0 m. Calculate the buckling capacity of the column made of S235 steel. It has been
suggested that IPE 300 section may be considered.
SOLUTION:
type combo-box. Press the Parameters button in DEFINITION-MEMBERS tab, which opens MEMBER
field. Then select Buckling length coef Z icon. In Buckling type diagrams dialog choose the last icon
opens Internal bracing dialog box. Type 0.5 in the Coordinate of the existing bracing edit box and
select Relative radio-button. Save the newly-created type of member.

State – Serviceability (only Ultimate Limit State will be analysed). Now, start the calculations by
member.
same result data as in Simplified results tab of the RESULTS window is added.

Robot RESULTS:
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL
S235
fy = 235.00 MPa fu = 340.00 MPa E = 210000.00 MPa
G = 80000.00 MPa gM1 = 1.100 gM2 = 1.250
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=30.0 cm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nf = 720.00 kN
Ncd = 1149.58 kN
n = 0.626
Section class = 2
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lky = 6.00 m Xy = 0.920 Lkz = 3.00 m Xz = 0.627
Lamb_y = 0.513 ny = 0.681 Lamb_z = 0.954 nz = 0.999
Fi,y = 0.664 Xz = 0.627
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section check
Nf/Ncd = 0.626 < 1.000 (NS 12.2.3.2)
Nf/min(Nkd,y;Nkd,z) = 0.999 < 1.000 (NS 12.3.2.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

COMPARISON:
1. Buckling coefficient about Y-axis y [1] 0.920 0.92
2. Buckling coefficient about Z-axis z [1] 0.627 0.63
3. Axial buckling capacity Nkd [kN] 720.4 720
CONCLUSION:

- HEA profile subjected to axial compression
is based on Robobat’s expert hand calculations
TITLE:
HEA profile subjected to axial compression.
SPECIFICATION:
Check a steel column for the 2-storey building. The buckling length Lkz is determined by a separate
calculations so that Lkz = 0.92*Lz = 0.92*3.5 = 3.22 m. The effective length Lky along strong Y axis is
1.0*Ly = 7.0 m. For the design value of the compressive force Lkz = 2700 kN check the column made
of S355 steel. It has been suggested that HEA 300 section may be considered.
SOLUTION:
field. Then, select the Member length Ly - Real radio-button and type 7.0. Set the length Lz =3.5 m the
same way as for Ly . In Buckling length coefficient Z editable field type 0.92. Save the newly-created
type of member.

analysed member.
same result data as in Simplified results tab of the RESULTS window is added.

Robot RESULTS:
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL
S355J2G3
fy = 355.00 MPa fu = 490.00 MPa E = 210000.00 MPa
G = 80000.00 MPa gM1 = 1.100 gM2 = 1.250
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=29.0 cm
tf=1.4 cm Wely = 1259.552 cm3 Welz = 420.637 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nf = 2700.00 kN
Ncd = 3630.68 kN
n = 0.744
Section class = 3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lky = 7.00 m Xy = 0.773 Lkz = 3.22 m Xz = 0.807
Lamb_y = 0.719 ny = 0.962 Lamb_z = 0.563 nz = 0.921
Fi,y = 0.847 Xz = 0.807
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section check
Nf/Ncd = 0.744 < 1.000 (NS 12.2.3.2)
Nf/min(Nkd,y;Nkd,z) = 0.962 < 1.000 (NS 12.3.2.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!
COMPARISON:
1.Buckling coefficient about Y-axis y [1] 0.773 0.77
2.Buckling coefficient about Z-axis z [1] 0.807 0.81
3.Axial buckling capacity about Nkd [kN] 2806.02 2783.0
4.Check of the formula (Nf/Nkd) < 1.00 0.962 0.97
(Stability check – see paragraph 12.3.2)

CONCLUSION:
Good agreement of results. Small differences are caused by different way of rounding-off the cross-
section properties (cross-section area, section modulus, moment of inertia).

- Bending with lateral/torsional buckling effect
TITLE:
Bending about strong Y axis with lateral-torsional buckling effect.
SPECIFICATION:
IPE 500 simply supported beam over a span of 10.0 m is laterally restraint at both ends and is not
laterally restraint between supports. For the concentrated force Qz = 125 kN applied in the mid-span,
check a beam in Grade S355. The load is applied on the bottom edge of the cross-section.
SOLUTION:
For analysed member pre-defined type of BEAM member may be used. It can be set in Member type
combo-box. Press the Parameters button in DEFINITION-MEMBERS tab, which opens MEMBER
DEFINITION – PARAMETERS dialog box. Type a new name Beam 1 in the Member Type editable
field. Then select Load level icon. In Load level dialog choose the last icon for setting appropriate load
level (bottom flange). For defining a proper load type press More button. Chose the icon for Load
parameters:Y and double click the third icon (Concentrated force in the middle). Save the newly-
created type of member.

pressing Calculations button. Member Verification dialog box with most significant results data will
appear on the screen. Pressing the line with results for member 1 opens the RESULTS dialog box
with detailed results for the analysed member.

Robot RESULTS:
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL
S355J2G3
fy = 355.00 MPa fu = 490.00 MPa E = 210000.00 MPa
G = 80000.00 MPa gM1 = 1.100 gM2 = 1.250
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=50.0 cm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mfy = 312.50 kN*m
Md,y = 706.77 kN*m
Vfz = -62.50 kN
Section class = 1 Vd,z = 1115.20 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

zg = -0.250 m C1 = 1.365 Mcr = 380.23 kN*m kLT = 1.000
Ld_upp = 10.00 m C2 = 0.553 XLT = 0.414 Mb,d = 292.79 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section check
Mfy/Md,y = 0.442 < 1.000 (NS 12.2.4)
Vfz/Vd,z = 0.056 < 1.000 (NS 12.2.5)
Mfy/Mb,d = 1.067 > 1.000 (NS 12.3.4.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

COMPARISON:
1.Lateral buckling critical moment Mcr [kNm] 380.23 383.0
2.Lateral buckling coefficient LT [1] 0.414 0.40
3.Lateral buckling moment capacity Mbd [kNm] 292.79 287.00
4.Check of the formula (Mfy/Mb,d) < 1.00 1.067 1.089
(Stability check – see paragraph 12.3.4.1)
CONCLUSION:

- Non-symmetrical beam of class 4 subjected to bending
TITLE:
Non-symmetrical beam of class 4 subjected to bending about Y axis.
SPECIFICATION:
Non-symmetrical (upper flange 200x15, lower flange 500x30, web 1000x6) simply supported beam
over a span of 15.0 m is fully laterally restraint between supports. For the concentrated force Qz = 200
kN applied in the mid-span, check a beam in Grade S235.
SOLUTION:
For analysed member pre-defined type of MEMBER member may be initially opened. It can be set in
Member type combo-box. Any additional changes in MEMBER parameters set are not necessary.

analysed member.

Robot RESULTS:
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL
S235
fy = 235.00 MPa fu = 340.00 MPa E = 210000.00 MPa
G = 80000.00 MPa gM1 = 1.100 gM2 = 1.250
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: IASYM_1

h=104.5 cm
b=20.0 cm Ay=180.000 cm2 Az=62.700 cm2 Aeff=240.000 cm2
tf=1.5 cm Weff,y = 3915.181 cm3 Weff,z = 1290.072 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mfy = 750.00 kN*m
Md,y = 836.43 kN*m
Vfz = -100.00 kN
Section class = 4 Vd,z = 773.36 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section check
Mfy/Md,y = 0.897 < 1.000 (NS 12.2.4)
Vfz/Vd,z = 0.129 < 1.000 (NS 12.2.5)
Not analyzed
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

COMPARISON:
1.Effective section modulus for class 4 section W eff,y [cm3] 3915.2 3940
2.Moment capacity Mb,d [kNm] 836.43 842
3.Check of the formula (Mfy/Md,y) < 1.00 0.897 0.891
(Section check – see paragraph 12.2.4)
CONCLUSION:

- HEB profile subjected to bending and axial compression
TITLE:
HEB profile subjected to bending and axial compression.
SPECIFICATION:
The column shown aside is pinned at the both ends about Y and Z axes. The effective lengths along
both axes are Lky = Lkz = 1.0*L = 1.0*4.0 = 4.0 m. For the design value of the compressive force Nf =
800 kN and two equal end moments Mfy = 200 kNm check the column made of S355 steel. It has been
suggested that HEB 260 section may be considered.
SOLUTION:
For analysed member pre-defined type of COLUMN member may be initially opened. It can be set in
Member type combo-box. Press the Parameter button in DEFINITION-MEMBERS tab, which opens
MEMBER DEFINITION – PARAMETERS dialog box. Type a new name Column1 in the Member
Type editable field. Switch Lateral buckling check box on. Save the newly created type of member.

analysed member.

Robot RESULTS:
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL
S355J2G3
fy = 355.00 MPa fu = 490.00 MPa E = 210000.00 MPa
G = 80000.00 MPa gM1 = 1.10 gM2 = 1.25
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=26.0 cm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nf = 800.00 kN Mfy = -200.00 kN*m
Ncd = 3821.09 kN Md,y = 413.09 kN*m
n = 0.21 MNd,y = 369.34 kN*m
Section class = 1 my = 0.48
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

zg = 0.00 m C1 = 1.00 Mcr = 1144.71 kN*m kLT = 1.00
Ld_low = 4.00 m C2 = 0.00 XLT = 0.93 Mb,d = 383.72 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lky = 4.00 m Xy = 0.90 Lkz = 4.00 m Xz = 0.67
Lamb_y = 0.47 ny = 0.23 Lamb_z = 0.79 nz = 0.31
Fi,y = 0.65 ky = 1.15 Xz = 0.67
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section check
Mfy/MNd,y = 0.54 < 1.00 (NS 12.2.6)
nmax + ky*my = 0.87 < 1.00 (NS 12.3.4.2)
n/Xz + kLT*my/XLT = 0.84 < 1.00 (NS 12.3.4.2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

COMPARISON:
2.Axial buckling capacity about Y-axis Nkd,y [kN] 3434.5 3430
3.Buckling coefficient about Z-axis z [1] 0.67 0.65
4.Axial buckling capacity about Z-axis Nkd,z [kN] 2542.4 2477
5.Lateral buckling critical moment Mcr [kNm] 1144.7 1144
6.Lateral buckling coefficient LT [1] 0.93 0.89
7.Lateral buckling moment capacity Mbd [kNm] 383.72 332
8.Check of the formula n/Xz + kLT*my/XLT 0.84 0.92
CONCLUSION:
The differences are caused by the fact that in hand calculations elastic moment capacity for obtaining
lateral buckling LT, Mbd ,kLT, Mi,LT was used.

- Combined strong axis bending and axial compression
TITLE:
Combined strong axis bending and axial compression.
SPECIFICATION:
Check HEA140 section used as the beam-column subjected to compressive force Nf = 250 kN and
uniform distributed load q = 4.0 kN/m (caused bending about strong axis). The column is fully restraint
at the bottom and is pinned at the top end. It is also fully restraint against lateral buckling. The
effective length, after separate analysis, should by taken as follows - Lky = 1.1*0.7*L = 1.0*0.7*6.0 =
4.62 m. It has been suggested that column is made of S355 steel.
SOLUTION:
field. In Buckling length coefficient Y editable field type 0.77. Switch buckling about Z axis off by
choosing icon X in Buckling type diagrams dialog. For defining a proper load type press More button.
Chose the icon for Load type Y and double click the last icon. Save the newly-created type of member.

analysed member.

Robot RESULTS:
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL
S355J2G3
fy = 355.00 MPa fu = 490.00 MPa E = 210000.00 MPa
G = 80000.00 MPa gM1 = 1.10 gM2 = 1.25
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=13.3 cm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nf = 250.00 kN Mfy = -18.00 kN*m
Ncd = 1014.01 kN Md,y = 56.00 kN*m
n = 0.25 MNd,y = 48.01 kN*m Vfz = 15.00 kN
Section class = 2 my = 0.32 Vd,z = 188.70 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Lky = 4.62 m Xy = 0.56
Lamb,y = 80.57 Nkd,y = 570.79 kN
Lamb_y = 1.05 ny = 0.44
Fi,y = 1.20 ky = 1.39
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section check
Mfy/MNd,y = 0.37 < 1.00 (NS 12.2.6)
Vfz/Vd,z = 0.08 < 1.00 (NS 12.2.5)
nmax + ky*my = 0.89 < 1.00 (NS 12.3.4.2)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

COMPARISON:
2.Axial buckling capacity about Y-axis Nkd,y [kN] 570.8 557
3.Moment capacity Md,y [kNm] 56.0 56
4.Imperfection coefficient ky [1] 1.39 1.40
5.Check of the formula nmax + ky*my 0.89 0.90
CONCLUSION:

6. South African code

SABS 0162-1:1993

- Shear resistance
Example taken from students handbook written by Greg Parrott
(Robobat’s expert in steel structures designing
according to SABS 0162-1:1993)
File: Verification manual_SABS_example_1.rtd
TITLE:
Shear resistance.
SPECIFICATION:
1180x400(8W 20F) stiffened plate girder simply supported over a span of 12.5 m. All loads given are
at the ultimate limit state. Steel 300 W.
SOLUTION:
combo-box. Press the Parameters button in DEFINITION-MEMBERS tab, which opens the MEMBER
DEFINITION – PARAMETERS dialog box.
1. End panel
Type a new name Beam1 in the Member Type editable field. For defining stiffener spacing, press
More button. Type 1,00 m in editable field End panel and Interior panel and click OK. Save the newly-

2. Interior panel
Type a new name Beam2 in the Member Type editable field. For defining stiffener spacing, press
More button. Type 3,50 m in editable field End panel and Interior panel and click OK. Save the newly-
Repeat calculations for member 2, additionally press the Configuration button in CALCULATIONS
dialog box. In Configuration dialog box switch on Characteristic points option and press the Options
button. It results in opening the Calculations in Characteristic Points dialog box where switch on
Coordinates of additional points option and type 0,0 m in editable field.

Robot RESULTS:
1. End panel
analysed member.
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: SABS 0162-1:1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

MATERIAL:
STEEL 300W fy = 300.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
h=122.0 cm
tw=0.8 cm Iy=685588.800 cm4 Iz=21338.368 cm4 J=226.663 cm4
tf=2.0 cm Zply=12384.800 cm3 Zplz=1618.880 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Muy = 0.00 kN*m
Mry = 3343.90 kN*m
Vuz = 718.75 kN
CLASS: = Plastic Vrz = 803.81 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Muy/Mry = 0.00/3343.90 = 0.00 < 1.00 (13.8.2(a))
Vuz/Vrz = 0.89 < 1.00 (13.4.1) 0.727*Muy/Mry + 0.455*Vuz/Vrz = 0.41 < 1.00 (13.4.1.4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!
2. Interior panel
analysed member.

STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: SABS 0162-1:1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
MEMBER: 2 POINT: COORDINATE: x = 0.00 L = 0.00 m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
h=122.0 cm
tf=2.0 cm Zey=11239.161 cm3 Zez=1066.918 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Muy = 701.25 kN*m
Mry = 3034.57 kN*m
Vuz = 683.75 kN
CLASS: = Slender Vrz = 701.76 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Muy/Mry = 701.25/3034.57 = 0.23 < 1.00 (13.8.1(a))
Vuz/Vrz = 0.97 < 1.00 (13.4.1) 0.727*Muy/Mry + 0.455*Vuz/Vrz = 0.61 < 1.00 (13.4.1.4)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!
COMPARISON:
Shear resistances Robot Handbook
1. Shear resistance Vrz [kN] for end panel 803.8 803.8
2. Maximum shear on end panel 718.75 718.75
3. Shear resistance Vrz [kN] for internal panel 701.76 701.8
4. Maximum shear on internal panel 683.75 683.750
CONCLUSIONS:

- Compression and biaxial bending
( Robobat’s expert in steel structures designing
TITLE:
Steel column of multi-storey steel building. Compression and biaxial bending.
SPECIFICATION:
The analysis of a multi-storey building produced the ultimate moments shown below for one of the
columns between two floors. The ultimate axial load was found to be 2200 kN. Lateral restraint is
provided at both ends of the column. It has been suggested using a 305x305x137 H section. Steel
300W.
SOLUTION:
Define a new type of member. For analyzed member pre-defined type of member COLUMN may be
a new name Column 1 in the Member Type editable field. Double click an Lateral Buckling icon that
opens Lateral Buckling Type dialog box. Select the first icon (Element loaded Symmetrically) and click
OK. Select the icon Lateral Buckling Coefficient – Upper Flange that opens Effective Length of Beams
between Supports dialog box. Choose third radio-button that set the lateral buckling coefficient to 1.0.
Repeat the previous procedure for the lower flange. For defining appropriate load type diagram, press
More button. Choose the icon for Load type Y and double-click the first icon (Constant or linearly
variable moment) in Load Type dialog box. Repeat the previous procedure for the Load type Z. Save
the newly-created type of the member.

State – Serviceability (only Ultimate Limit state will be analyzed). Now, start the calculations by
line with results for the member 1 opens the RESULTS dialog box with detailed results for the
analyzed member.

STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: SABS 0162-1:1993
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
Governing Load Case: 1 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: HPF 305x305x137

h=32.0 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu = 2200.00 kN Muy = -220.00 kN*m Muz = 30.00 kN*m
Cr0 = 4698.00 kN Mry = 618.30 kN*m Mrz = 283.50 kN*m
Vuy = -2.60 kN Vuz = -93.51 kN
CLASS: = Plastic Vry = 2387.45 kN Vrz = 788.16 kN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Le = 3.85 m om2 = 2.500 Mre = 618.30 kN*m
k = -0.636 Mcr = 6695.67 kN*m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ly = 3.85 m Lamy = 0.346 Lz = 3.85 m Lamz = 0.608
KyLy = 3.85 m om1y = 0.400 KzLz = 3.85 m om1z = 0.867
KyLy/ry = 28.041 U1y = 0.421 KzLz/rz = 49.327 U1z = 1.027
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu/Cr0 + 0.85*Muy/Mry + 0.60*Muz/Mrz = 0.834 < 1.000 (13.8.2(a))
Cu/Cr1 + 0.85*U1y*Muy/Mry + 0.60*U1z*Muz/Mrz = 0.757 < 1.000 (13.8.2(b))
Cu/Crz1 + 0.85*U1y*Muy/Mre + 0.60*U1z*Muz/Mrz = 0.932 < 1.000 (13.8.2(c))
Vuy/Vry = 0.001 < 1.000 (13.4.1) Vuz/Vrz = 0.119 < 1.000 (13.4.1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

COMPARISON:
1. Compressive resistance Cr0 [kN] 4698 4698
2. Compressive resistance Cr [kN] 3899.7 3902.1
3. Moment resistance Mry [kNm] 618.3 618.3
as for laterally supported member
4. Moment resistance Mre [kNm] 18.3 618.3
as for laterally unsupported member
5. Moment resistance Mrz [kNm] 283.5 283.5
6. Cross-sectional strength check 0.834 0.834
7. Overall member strength check 0.757 0.756
8. Lateral torsional buckling strength check 0.932 0.931
CONCLUSIONS:
Good agreeement of results.

- Bending resistance of I-sections
TITLE:
Bending resistance of I-sections.
SPECIFICATION:
The beam (406 x 178 x 67 I section) made of 300W steel has torsional and simple lateral rotational
restraint at the supports, and the applied point load provides effective lateral restraint at the point of
application. The uniformly distributed load will not have a ‘destabilising’ effect.
SOLUTION:
field. Click an Lateral Buckling icon that opens Lateral Buckling Type dialog box. Select the first icon
(Element loaded symmetrically) and click OK. Select the icon Lateral Buckling Coefficient – Upper
flange that opens Effective Length of Beams between Supports dialog box. Choose third radio-button
that set the lateral buckling coefficient to 1.0. Repeat the previous procedure for the lower flange.

For segment 3 type a new name Beam2 in the Member Type editable field. Click an Lateral Buckling
icon that opens Lateral Buckling Type dialog box. Select the second icon (Cantilever) and click OK.
Select the icon Lateral Buckling Coefficient – Upper flange that opens Effective Length of Beams
between Supports dialog box. Choose fifth radio-button that set the lateral buckling coefficient to 1.0.
Repeat the previous procedure for the lower flange. Save the newly-created type of member.
In the CALCULATIONS dialog box set Member Verification option for member 1 to 3 and switch off
Limit State – Serviceability (only Ultimate Limit State will be analysed). Start the calculations by
analysed member.

Robot RESULTS:
1. for segment No. 1
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: SABS 0162-1:1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS: Governing Load Case: 1 Test
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL: STEEL 300W fy = 300.00 MPa
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: IPF 406x178x67

h=40.9 cm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Muy = 318.17 kN*m
Mry = 364.50 kN*m
Vuz = 26.74 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Le = 4.00 m om2 = 1.750 Mre = 353.27 kN*m
k = -0.000 Mcr = 721.28 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Muy/Mry = 318.17/364.50 = 0.873 < 1.000 (13.8.2(a))
Muy/Mre = 318.17/353.27 = 0.901 < 1.000 (13.8.2(c))
Vuz/Vrz = 0.042 < 1.000 (13.4.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: SABS 0162-1:1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
Governing Load Case: 1 Test
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=40.9 cm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Muy = 318.17 kN*m
Mry = 364.50 kN*m
Vuz = -77.26 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Le = 3.00 m om2 = 1.860 Mre = 364.50 kN*m
k = -0.102 Mcr = 1253.16 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Muy/Mry = 318.17/364.50 = 0.873 < 1.000 (13.8.2(a))
Muy/Mre = 318.17/364.50 = 0.873 < 1.000 (13.8.2(c))
Vuz/Vrz = 0.120 < 1.000 (13.4.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: SABS 0162-1:1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
Governing Load Case: 1 Test
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=40.9 cm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Muy = -32.40 kN*m
Mry = 320.52 kN*m
Vuz = 21.60 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Le = 3.00 m om2 = 1.750 Mre = 320.52 kN*m
k = 0.000 Mcr = 1389.65 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Muy/Mry = 32.40/320.52 = 0.101 < 1.000 (13.8.2(a))
Muy/Mre = 32.40/320.52 = 0.101 < 1.000 (13.8.2(c))
Vuz/Vrz = 0.034 < 1.000 (13.4.1)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

COMPARISON:
SEGMENT 1
1. Critical moment Mcr [kN] 721.3 722.2
2. Moment resistance Mry [kN]
as for laterally supported member 364.5 364.5
3. Moment resistance Mre [kNm]
as for laterally unsupported member 353.3 353.4
SEGMENT 2
SEGMENT 3 /cantilever/
CONCLUSION:
Good agreement of results for critical moments and exact agreement for resistances and interaction
expressions. The differences are caused by different way of rounding-off the cross-sectional
properties values (cross-sectional area, section modulus, moment of inertia).

- Column under compression and bending
Examination example for students of Civil Engineering and Surveying Department
at Technikon Natal (South Africa)
(written by Greg Parrott, Robobat’s expert in steel structures designing
TITLE:
Column under compression and bending
SPECIFICATION:
A first order analysis of the structure produced the bending moments and axial load on the column for
the loads as shown below. Lateral restraint is provideded at both ends of the column. It has been
suggested using a 356 x 171 x 67 I-section. Steel 300W.
SOLUTION:
Define a new type of member. For analyzed member pre-defined type of member COLUMN may be
a new name Column 1 in the Member Type editable field. Click an Lateral Buckling icon that opens
Lateral Buckling Type dialog box. Select the first icon (Element loaded Symmetrically) and click OK.
Select the icon Lateral Buckling Coefficient – Upper Flange that opens Effective Length of Beams
between Supports dialog box. Choose third radio-button that set the lateral buckling coefficient to 1.0.
Repeat the previous procedure for the lower flange. For defining appropriate load type diagram, press
More button. Choose the icon for Load type Y and double-click the first icon (Constant or linearly
variable moment) in Load Type dialog box. Repeat the previous procedure for the Load type Z. Save
the newly-created type of the member.

State – Serviceability (only Ultimate Limit state will be analyzed). Now, start the calculations by
pressing Calculation button.
line with results for the member 1 opens the RESULTS dialog box with detailed results for the
analyzed member.
RESULTS:

STEEL DESIGN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: SABS 0162-1:1993
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=36.4 cm
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu = 815.00 kN Muy = 71.90 kN*m
Cr0 = 2308.50 kN Mry = 326.70 kN*m
Vuz = 32.45 kN
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Le = 4.00 m om2 = 2.500 Mre = 326.70 kN*m
k = -0.805 Mcr = 992.64 kN*m
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ly = 4.00 m Lamy = 0.327 Lz = 4.00 m Lamz = 1.236
KyLy = 4.00 m om1y = 0.400 KzLz = 4.00 m
KyLy/ry = 26.487 U1y = 0.414 KzLz/rz = 100.294
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cu/Cr0 + 0.85*Muy/Mry = 0.540 < 1.000 (13.8.2(a))
Cu/Cry1 + 0.85*U1y*Muy/Mry = 0.451 < 1.000 (13.8.2(b))
Cu/Crz1 + 0.85*U1y*Muy/Mre = 0.954 < 1.000 (13.8.2(c))
Vuz/Vrz = 0.055 < 1.000 (13.4.1)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

COMPARISON:
Resistance, interaction expression Robot Example
1. Compressive resistance Cr0 [kN] 2308.5 2308.5
2. Compressive resistance Cr [kN] 1062.6 1063.1
3. Moment resistance Mry [kNm]
6. Overall member strength check 0.451 0.451
CONCLUSIONS:

- Tension and biaxial bending
TITLE:
Tension and biaxial bending.
SPECIFICATION:
IPF 356 x 171 x 57 simply supported beam over a span of 8 m. The ultimate axial tensile force was
found to be 50 kN. Lateral restraint is provided at both ends of the beam. Steel 300W.
SOLUTION:
field. Click an Lateral Buckling icon that opens Lateral Buckling Type dialog box. Select the first icon
(Element loaded symmetrically) and click OK. Select the icon Lateral Buckling Coefficient – Upper
flange that opens Effective Length of Beams between Supports dialog box. Choose third radio-button
that set the lateral buckling coefficient to 1.0. Repeat the previous procedure for the lower flange.

analysed member.
Robot RESULTS:

STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: SABS 0162-1:1993
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS: Governing Load Case: 1 ULTIMATE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

h=35.9 cm
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tu = -50.00 kN Muy = -80.00 kN*m Muz = 32.00 kN*m
Tr = 1949.40 kN Mry = 272.70 kN*m Mrz = 53.46 kN*m
CLASS: = Plastic
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Le = 8.00 m om2 = 1.00 Mre = 99.80 kN*m
k = 0.00 Mcr = 110.89 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tu/Tr + Muy/Mry + Muz/Mrz =0.92 < 1.00 (13.9(a))
Muy/Mre - Tu*Z/(Mre*A) = 0.73 < 1.00 (13.9(b))
Muz/Mrz - Tu*Z/(Mrz*A) = 0.57 < 1.00 (13.9(b))
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!
COMPARISON:
1. Tensile resistance Tr [kN] 1949.4 1949.4
2. Critical moment Mcr [kNm] 110.89 110.86
3. Moment resistance Mry [kNm]
5. Moment resistance Mrz [kNm] 53.46 53.5
CONCLUSIONS:
Exact agreeement of results.

7. India Standard IS 800:2007
General Construction In Steel
- Code Of Practice
(third revision)

IMPLEMENTED CHAPTERS of IS 800: 2007 (third revision)
List of Indian Standard General Construction in Steel – Code of Practice chapters,

implemented to Autodesk RSA program:
1. Mechanical properties of structural steel (Table 1)

2. Classification of cross-sections - § 3.7 and Table 2
3. Partial Safety Factor for Loads f ( Table 4)
4. Partial Safety Factor for Materials M ( Table 5)
for Limit State Design
5. Design of tension members - § 6
6. Design of compression members - § 7
7. Design of members subjected to bending
 Laterally supported beam - § 8.2.1
 Laterally unsupported beams - § 8.2.2
 Effective length for simply supported beams – Table 15
8. Shear - § 8.4
9. Combined axial force and bending moment - § 9.3
10. Limit State of serviceability - § 5.6 and Table 6
11. Working Stress Design § 11

GENERAL REMARKS
A. Job Preferences
If you make first step in RSA program  specify your job preferences in JOB PREFERENCES dialog
box (click Menu/ Tools/ Job Preferences). Default JOB PREFERENCES dialog box opens:
You can define a new type of Job Preferences to make it easier for future.
First of all, make selection of documents and parameters appropriate for India from tabs of the list view
in JOB PREFERENCES dialog box.
For example to choose code, first click Design codes tab from left list view, then select code from
Steel/Aluminum structures combo-box or press More codes button which opens Configuration of Code
List:
Put India code into the right list of the box, then set it as the current code. Press OK.

To choose code combination first click Loads tab from left list view in JOB PREFERENCES dialog
box,
then select code from Code combinations combo-box or press More codes button which opens
Configuration of Code List.
Pick Load combinations from combo box. The new list view appears:
Put IS: 875 (Part5) code into the right list of the box, then set it as the current code. Press OK.

After the job preferences decisions are set, press Save Job Preferences icon in JOB PREFERENCES
dialog box. It opens SAVE JOB PREFERENCES dialog box.
Type a new name e.g. “ India Limit State” and save it. The new name appears in the combo-box.
Press OK button.
You can check load combination regulations by pressing right button next to Code combinations
combo-box in Loads tab JOB PREFERENCES dialog box. It opens proper Editor of code combination
regulations dialog box.

B. Calculation method
Indian code IS 800: 2007 gives two verification options: Limit State Design and Working Stress
Design. In RSA program you must always manually specify:
1. calculation method
2. load code combination -> appropriate for calculation method
ad.1 calculation method
Calculation method (Limit State or Working Stress) can be chosen on Steel /Aluminum Design layout.
Press the Configuration button in CALCULATIONS dialog box.
Here you can choose calculation method

(not regulation of load combination).

ad.2a load code combination – basic approach
To specify load code combination (Limit State or Working Stress) appropriate for calculation method,
click Menu/ Tools/ Job Preferences. JOB PREFERENCES dialog box opens.
Select earlier prepared job preferences (as defined in Section A.) by clicking its name from combo-
box. In following dialog box India Limit State job preferences should be selected.
By pressing OK button, you accept chosen job preferences for a current task.
ad.2b load code combination - alternative (tricky-easy) approach
Start in Loads layout. Here, you can prepare load combination for both calculation method for further
using (for member verification). Create manually Limit State Design “LS” load combination and
Working Stress Design “WSD” load combination in Load Types dialog box.
In this case, you can use in verification

appropriate load combination corresponding
to calculation method.

VERIFICATION PROBLEM 1 -
Design of members for compression
Example taken from: DESIGNERS’ GUIDE to EN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3:
Design of steel structures, general rules and rules for buildings
written by L. Gardner, D. A. Nethercot, 2005
File: Gardner_ex67_pg66 india.rtd
TITLE:
Example 6.7 – Buckling resistance of a compression member
SPECIFICATION:
A circular hollow section CHS member used as an internal column in a building. The column has
pinned boundary conditions at each end and the inter-storey height is 4 m. The critical combination of
actions results in a design axial force of 1630 kN. Assess the suitability of hot-rolled 244,5x10 CHS in
grade S275 steel (fy = 275 MPa ) for this application, using Limit State Design.
SOLUTION:
Specify appropriate parameters in JOB PREFERENCES dialog box (click Menu/Tools/Job

Preferences). Then, choose calculation method Limit State Design in CONFIGURATION dialog box
(press Configuration button in CALCULATIONS dialog box).

In DEFINITIONS dialog box you can define a new type of member in agreement with structure data
It can be set in Member type combo-box. Pre-defined type of member “Column” may be initially
opened.
For chosen member type, press the Parameters button on Members tab, which opens
MEMBER DEFINITION – PARAMETERS dialog box.
Type a new name in the Member type editable field, e.g. “column 1”. Change parameters to meet
initial data requirements of the structure. In the particular compression case press More button which
opens MEMBER DEFINITION – ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS dialog box:

Switch on Hot-rolled pipes. Click OK.
In DEFINITIONS dialog box save the newly-created member type, here “column 1”:
Number of the member must be

assigned to appropriate name
of Member type.
(It is very important when you verify

different member types.)

In the CALCULATIONS dialog box set:
-> Verification option; here Member Verification,

o
-> Loads cases ; here for n 1 for Limit State Design
-> Limit state ; here only Ultimate Limit state will be analyzed, so switch off Limit stat –Serviceability.
Now, start calculations by pressing Calculations button.
MEMBER VERIFICATION dialog box with most significant results data will appear on screen.
Pressing the line with results for the member 1 opens the RESULTS dialog box with detailed results
for the analyzed member. The view of the RESULTS windows are presented below.

Simplified results tab
Detailed results tab
Pressing the Calc.Note button in “RESULTS –Code” dialog box opens the printout note for
the analyzed member. You can obtain Simplified results printout or Detailed results printout.
It depends on which tab is active.
The printout note view of Simplified results is presented below.

RESULTS for Limit State Design method:
a) In the first step CHS 244,5x10 section was considered. The results are presented below.
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: IS800: 2007 Indian Standard - General Construction in Steel - Code of Practice (Third Revision)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
S275 fy = 275.0 MPa fu = 430.0 MPa
E = 210000.0 MPa gM0=1.100 gM1=1.250
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: CHS 244.5x10

D=24.4 cm Avy=46.919 cm2 Avz=46.919 cm2 Ag=73.700 cm2
B=24.4 cm Iy=5073.000 cm4 Iz=5073.000 cm4 It=10150.000 cm4
tw=1.0 cm Zey=414.969 cm3 Zez=414.969 cm3
tf=1.0 cm Zpy=550.236 cm3 Zpz=550.236 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N = 1630.0 kN
Nd = 1842.5 kN
Pd = 1669.6 kN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ly = 4.00 m Xy = 0.906 Lz = 4.00 m Xz = 0.906
ky*Ly = 4.00 m Pdy = 1669.6 kN kz*Lz = 4.00 m Pdz = 1669.6 kN
ky*Ly/ry = 48.213 kz*Lz/rz = 48.213
Lamy = 0.555 Lamz = 0.555
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section strength check:
N/Nd = 0.885 < 1.000 (9.3.1.1) OK!
Global stability check of member:
ky*Ly/ry = 48.213 < (k*L/r),max = 200.000 kz*Lz/rz = 48.213 < (k*L/r),max = 200.000 STABLE
P/min(Pdy,Pdz) = 0.976 < 1.000 (7.1.2) OK!
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

b) From economical reason try to check the lighter CHS section.
Being still in RESULTS- CODE dialog box, type CHS 273x8 in the editable field below drawing
of section and press ENTER. Calculations (and results) are refreshed instantly.
The results for new selected section are presented below.

COMPARISON:
RSA
Handbook
Resistance, interaction expression IS 800: 2007
EC3: 2005
Limit State Design
For CHS 244,5x10: Ϫ M0 = 1,1 Ϫ M0 = 1,0
1. Cross-section compression resistance N/ Nd = 1630/ 1842,5 NEd / Nc,Rd = 1630/2026,8

= 0,885 = 0,804
2. Member buckling resistance N/ Pd = 1630/ 1669,6 NEd / Nb,Rd = 1630/1836,5

in compression = 0,976 = 0,888
CONCLUSIONS:
Underlined values results from handbook (EC3 example) are different then values calculated by RSA
program for Indian code IS 800 because partial safety factors M0 are different in both codes.
If the design resistances from handbook are divided by partial safety factor from IS 800 code
( M0 = 1,1 ):
1. NEd / (Nc,Rd :1,1) = 1630 / (2026,8 : 1,1 ) = 1630 / 1842,5 = 0,8846 = 0,885
2. NEd / (Nb,Rd :1,1) = 1630 / (1836,5 : 1,1 ) = 1630 / 1669,5 = 0,9763 = 0,976
calculations compatibility is very good.

- combined compression and bending about both axes
(lateral-torsional buckling)
Example taken from: DESIGNERS’ GUIDE to EN 1993-1-1 Eurocode 3:

Design of steel structures, general rules and rules for buildings
written by L. Gardner, D. A. Nethercot, 2005
File: Gardner_ex610_pg89 india.rtd
TITLE:
Example 6.10 -- Member resistance under combined bi-axial bending and axial compression
SPECIFICATION:
Verify if H 305x305x240 section in grade S275 has sufficient available strength to support the axial
forces and moments listed below for Limit State Design:
section A-A, x=0 section B-B, x=L

NEd = 3440 kN NEd = 3440 kN
My,Ed = 420 kNm My,Ed = 420 kNm Material Properties:
Mz,Ed = 0 Mz,Ed = 110 kNm S275 fy = 275 MPa , E= 210GPa
The member is to be designed as a ground floor column in a multi-storey building.

The column of length 4,2 m is fixed in-plane (for buckling about major axis bending) and pinned out-of-
plane, with diagonal bracing provided in both directions ( ky =0,8 ; kz=1,0).
The column is laterally and torsionally unrestrained.
SOLUTION:
Specify appropriate parameters in JOB PREFERENCES dialog box (click Menu/Tools/Job
Preferences). Then, choose calculation method Limit State Design in CONFIGURATION dialog box (
press Configuration button in CALCULATIONS dialog box ).

In DEFINITIONS dialog box you can define a new type of member in agreement with structure data
It can be set in Member type combo-box. Pre-defined member type “Column” may be initially opened.
For chosen member type, press the Parameters button on Members tab, which opens
MEMBER DEFINITION – PARAMETERS dialog box.
Type a new name in the Member type editable field, e.g. “My Mz Nc”. Change parameters to meet
initial data requirements of the structure. In this particular combined compression and bending about
both axes case set the following parameters:
1. for Y buckling define appropriate value of ky by manually entering 0,8 value in editable field
or by pressing ky icon which opens BUCKLING DIAGRAM dialog box:
press third icon “0.8” and

switch on Non-sway structure radio button.

2. for lateral-buckling define:

 lateral buckling type  by pressing Lat. buckling type icon which opens LATERAL BUCKLING
TYPE dialog box
select first icon and press OK.
 lateral buckling length coefficient  by pressing Upper flange or Lower flange button. It opens
EFFECTIVE LENGTH FOR BEAMS, BETWEEN SUPPORTS dialog box:
Change conditions at supports.

Click the first option for unrestrained and free to rotate on plane, press OK.

3. for additional code parameters  press More… button which opens

MEMBER DEFINITION – ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS dialog box:
3.1. Click Load type My icon. It opens LOAD TYPE dialog box;
Select first option, press OK. Do the same

for Load type Mz icon.

3.2. Switch on Not weakened in Parameters of a weakened section. Click OK.

3.3. Type for gM0= 1,0 and for gM1= 1,0 ; in this particular case it will be helped in results
comparison to EC3 ;
After changes dialog box

looks like:
Now, you can SAVE changes of

the newly-created member type
named e.g. “ My Mz Nc “ in
MEMBER DEFINITION-
PARAMETERS dialog box.

In DEFINITIONS dialog box

number of the member must be
assigned to appropriate name
of Member type.
(very important when you verify

different member types.)
You must press SAVE button to attribute the member type to number of member, here
o
“My Mz Nc” to n 1.
In the CALCULATIONS dialog box set:

-> Verification option; here Member Verification,
-> Loads cases ; here for no 1 for Limit State Design
-> Limit state ; here only Ultimate Limit state will be analyzed, so switch off Limit stat –Serviceability.
Check CONFIGURATION dialog box.
Now, start verificiations by pressing Calculations button.
MEMBER VERIFICATION dialog box with most significant results data will appear on screen.
Pressing the line with results for the member 1 opens the RESULTS dialog box with detailed results
for the analyzed member. The view of the RESULTS windows are presented below.

Simplified results tab
Detailed results tab
Pressing the Calc.Note button in “RESULTS –Code” dialog box opens the printout note for
the analyzed member. You can obtain Simplified results printout or Detailed results printout.
It depends on which tab is active.
The printout note view of Simplified results is presented below.

RESULTS for Limit State Design method:
STEEL DESIGN
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE: IS800: 2007 Indian Standard-General Construction in Steel-Code of Practice (Third Revision)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CODE GROUP:
MEMBER: 1 column POINT: COORDINATE: x = 1.00 L = 4.20 m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOADS:
Governing Load Case: 1 Limit State Design
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MATERIAL:
S 275 fy = 275.00 MPa fu = 430.00 MPa
E = 210000.00 MPa gM0=1.000 gM1=1.000
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECTION PARAMETERS: UC 305x305x240

D=35.26 cm Avy=239.70 cm2 Avz=81.10 cm2 Ag=306.00 cm2
B=31.79 cm Iy=64200.00 cm4 Iz=20310.00 cm4 It=1271.00 cm4
tw=2.30 cm Zey=3641.52 cm3 Zez=1277.76 cm3
tf=3.77 cm Zpy=4243.00 cm3 Zpz=1945.00 cm3
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
N = 3440.0 kN My = -420.0 kN*m Mz = 110.0 kN*m Vy = -26.2 kN
Nd = 8415.0 kN Mdy = 1166.8 kN*m Mdz = 534.9 kN*m Vdy = 3805.7 kN
Pd = 6639.7 kN Mndy = 773.7 kN*m Mndz = 502.7 kN*m Vz = -200.0 kN
Vdz = 1287.6 kN
Class of section = 1 Mymax = 420.0 kN*m Mzmax = 110.0 kN*m
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

L,LT,low=5.04 m Mcr = 11963.5 kN*m fbd = 268.02 MPa X,LT = 0.975
fcr,b = 2819.59 MPa Lam,LT = 0.312 Mbdy = 1137.2 kN*m KLT = 0.892
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ly = 4.20 m Xy = 0.976 Lz = 4.20 m Xz = 0.789
ky*Ly = 3.36 m Pdy = 8213.3 kN kz*Lz = 4.20 m Pdz = 6639.7 kN
ky*Ly/ry = 23.197 Ky = 1.028 kz*Lz/rz = 51.553 Kz = 1.204
Lamy = 0.267 Cmy = 0.400 Lamz = 0.594 Cmz = 0.600
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section strength check:
N/Nd = 0.409 < 1.000 (9.3.1.1) OK!
My/Mdy = 0.360 < 1.000 (9.3.1.1) OK!
Mz/Mdz = 0.206 < 1.000 (9.3.1.1) OK!
(My/Mndy)^ 2.000 + (Mz/Mndz)^2.044 = 0.340 < 1.000 (9.3.1.1) OK!
Vy/Vdy = 0.007 < 1.000 (8.4) OK!
Vz/Vdz = 0.155 < 1.000 (8.4) OK!
Global stability check of member:
ky*Ly/ry = 23.197 < (k*L/r),max = 200.000 kz*Lz/rz = 51.553 < (k*L/r),max = 200.000 STABLE
P/Pdy + Ky*Cmy*Mymax/Mbdy + 0.6*Kz*Cmz*Mzmax/Mdz = 0.656 < 1.000 (9.3.2.2) OK!
P/Pdz + KLT*Mymax/Mbdy + Kz*Cmz*Mzmax/Mdz = 0.988 < 1.000 (9.3.2.2) OK!
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section OK !!!

COMPARISON:
RSA Handbook
Resistance, interaction expression IS 800: 2007 EC3: 2005
Limit State Design (Annex B, method 2)
For UB 305x305x240: Ϫ M0 = 1,0 Ϫ M0 = 1,0
1. Cross-section compression resistance N/ Nd = 3440/ 8415 = NEd / Nc,Rd = 3440/ 8415

0,409 = 0,409
2. Cross-section bending resistance My/Mdy =420/ 1166,8 My,Ed /My,c,Rd = 420/1168

= 0,360 = 0,360
Mz/Mdz =110/ 534,9 Mz,Ed /Mz,c,Rd= 110/536,5

= 0,206 = 0,205
4. Cross-section resistance under (9.3.1.1) = 0,340 (6.2.9.1.(6)) = 0,340

My+Mz+V+N
5. Member buckling resistance N/ Pdy = 3440/8213,3 = NEd / Ny,b,Rd =3440/8314,0

in compression 0,419 ;(ky=0,8) = 0,414 ; (ky=0,7)
ky - buckling length coefficient Y
N/ Pdz = 3440/6639,7 = NEd / Ny,b,Rd =3440/6640
0,518 = 0,518
6. Member buckling resistance in bending My/Mdy =420/1137,2 = My,Ed /Mb,Rd =420/1152

0,369 = 0,36
-lateral buckling length LLT = 5,04 m Lcr = 4,2 m

-critical M for lateral-torsional buckling Mcr = 11 963,5 kNm Mcr = 17 114 kNm
7. Member buckling resistance in combined 0,656 (9.3.2.2) 0,66 (6.61)
bending and axial compression 0,988 (9.3.2.2) 0,97 (6.62)
CONCLUSIONS:
The calculation example was made according to:

- IS:800 code  using RSA program and
- EC3:2005 code  taken from handbook.
To make comparison more adequate, the same value of the partial safety factors M0 =1,0 were
assumed in both methods. Calculations compatibility is quite good.
The small differences in results are caused generally by:

 small differences in values for elastic and plastic section modulus about Y & Z axis;
 different values for buckling length coefficients in both codes;
 different way of lateral buckling length coefficient description in both codes (effective length for
beams between supports are different); in Indian code there is very precision method to define
conditions at support;
 different accuracy of parameters (e.g. the cross-sectional properties) in calculations.
In consideration of the foregoing there is a good agreement of final results.

CONCLUSIONS
The results and accuracy achieved in verification examples confirm the quality and reliability of Robot.
This state-of-the-art structural analysis and design software gives excellent accuracy within the
applied solution method.

Verification Manual: Autodesk October 2008

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Verification Manual: Autodesk October 2008

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Verification manual

Third Party Software Program Credits

CONCLUSIONS ........................................................................................................................................................... 161

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 2 / 161

Each problem contains the following parts:

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 3 / 161

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 4 / 161

Check the ability of a 960 mm square box column fabricated from 30

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 5 / 161

SECTION PARAMETERS: RECT_96x96x3

LATERAL BUCKLING PARAMETERS:

About Y axis: About Z axis:

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 6 / 161

1. Compression resistance Pcy 25650.66 25700.00

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 7 / 161

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 8 / 161

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 9 / 161

SECTION PARAMETERS: UC 203x203x60

LATERAL BUCKLING PARAMETERS:

About Y axis: About Z axis:

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 10 / 161

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 11 / 161

SECTION PARAMETERS: UB 533x210x82

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 12 / 161

LATERAL BUCKLING PARAMETERS:

About Y axis: About Z axis:

Member has insufficient buckling resistance moment. Increase stability by

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 13 / 161

SECTION PARAMETERS: UB 533x210x82

LATERAL BUCKLING PARAMETERS:

About Y axis: About Z axis:

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 14 / 161

SECTION PARAMETERS: UB 533x210x82

LATERAL BUCKLING PARAMETERS:

About Y axis: About Z axis:

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 15 / 161

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 16 / 161

SECTION PARAMETERS: UB 457x152x67

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 17 / 161

LATERAL BUCKLING PARAMETERS:

About Y axis: About Z axis:

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 18 / 161

SECTION PARAMETERS: UB 457x152x67

LATERAL BUCKLING PARAMETERS:

About Y axis: About Z axis:

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 19 / 161

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 20 / 161

SECTION PARAMETERS: UB 610x229x125

LATERAL BUCKLING PARAMETERS:

About Y axis: About Z axis:

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 21 / 161

1. Buckling resistance Mb 412.71 427.00

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 22 / 161

2. Swedish code BSK99

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 23 / 161

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 24 / 161

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 25 / 161

SECTION PARAMETERS: IPE 180

LATERAL BUCKLING PARAMETERS:

About Y axis: About Z axis:

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 26 / 161

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 27 / 161

Issue 3.2, October 2008 page 28 / 161