Oceanographic institutions

Oceanographic Museum
See also: List of oceanographic institutions and programs
The first international organization of oceanography was created in 1902 as the
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. In 1903 the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography was founded, followed by Woods Hole Oceanographic
Institution in 1930, Virginia Institute of Marine Science in 1938, and later the
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University, and the School of
Oceanography at University of Washington. In Britain, the National Oceanography
Centre (an institute of the Natural Environment Research Council) is the successor
to the UK's Institute of Oceanographic Sciences. In Australia, CSIRO Marine and
Atmospheric Research (CMAR), is a leading centre. In 1921 the International
Hydrographic Bureau (IHB) was formed in Monaco.

Related disciplines
Biogeochemistry – The study of chemical cycles of the earth that are either driven
by or influence biological activity
Biogeography – The study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in
geographic space and through geological time
Climatology – Scientific study of climate, defined as weather conditions averaged
over a period of time
Coastal geography – Study of the region between the ocean and the land
Environmental science – The integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary
approach to the study of environmental systems.
Geophysics – physics of the Earth and its vicinity
Glaciology – Scientific study of ice and natural phenomena involving ice
Hydrography – Applied science of measurement and description of physical features
of bodies of water
Hydrology – The science of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on
Earth and other planets
Limnology – The science of inland aquatic ecosystems
Meteorology – Interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere focusing on
weather forecasting
MetOcean