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Experiment No. 5
COMPLEX-FORMATION TITRATION
I. Theoretical Framework:
Water is a good solvent and picks up impurities easily. A weak carbonic acid is formed when
water reacts with carbon dioxide. Calcium and magnesium are common minerals that make water
"hard." Hardness of water increases as calcium and magnesium content increases.
Hard water interferes with cleaning tasks such as laundering and dishwashing. Clothes washed
with hard water may look soiled and may feel rough and scratchy. Glass wares may appear to be spotted
when dry. It can also interfere with our bathing. Hair washed with hard water may feel sticky and look
dull. Hard water also has its advantages. The minerals in hard water when drank can contribute to the
calcium and magnesium diet of humans.
Trials 1 2 3
Trials I II III
Trials I II III
Reported Values
Trials Molarity Titer Total Hardness (Tubig Total Hardness (UPV Tap
Purified Drinking Water) Water)
Average 0.01020 M ± 1.021 mg/mL ± 2.501 mg/L ± 0.2163 mg/L 233.9 mg/L ± 10.25 mg/L
0.001582 M 0.01582 mg/mL
III. Calculations:
Molarity of EDTA:
mg CaCO 3 ∙ % Purity 50
M EDTA = ∙
MW Ca CO3 ∙ Net Vol EDTA 250
Trial 1:
208.6 m g • 0.995 50
MEDTA = • = 0.01003 mmol/mL
100.087 g /mol •41.35 mL 250
Trial 2:
208.6 m g •0.995 50
MEDTA = • = 0.01034 mmol/mL
100.087 g /mol •40.10 mL 250
Trial 3:
208.6 m g •0.995 50
MEDTA = • = 0.01024 mmol/mL
100.087 g /mol •40.50 mL 250
T mg CaCO3 ∙ %Purity 50
CaCO3 =¿ ∙ ¿
Net Vol EDTA 250
Trial 1:
208.6 m g •0.99 5 50
TCaCO3 = • = 1.004 mg/mL
41.35 mL 250
Trial 2:
208.6 m g •0.99 5 50
TCaCO3 = • = 1.035 mg/mL
40.10 mL 250
Trial 1:
208.6 m g •0.99 5 50
TCaCO3 = • = 1.025 mg/mL
40.50 mL 250
Preparation and standardization of the EDTA solution was done first and a standard Calcium
chloride solution was also prepared by adding hydrochloric acid to the primary standard until the
effervescence ceases and the solution is clear. This was followed by the addition of ammonium-
ammonium chloride buffer solution and a few drops of EBT indicator. It was then titrated with the
prepared EDTA solution. The color change that was observed in the solution that is being titrated
indicates that the entire EBT indicator has been displaced by the metal cations in the solution, and that
the endpoint was reached.
Using the mass of the primary standard Calcium carbonate and the net volume of EDTA used in
the titration process for the standardization, the molarity of the EDTA solution can be calculated with
this formula:
mg CaCO 3 ∙ % Purity 50
M EDTA = ∙
MW Ca CO3 ∙ Vol EDTA 250
While the titer value can be calculated using the formula below:
For the analysis of water, two sets of water were used as sample. The first was from a bottle of
Tubig Purified Drinking Water while the second was tap water obtained in the laboratory of UPV CAS.
100 mL for three trials were prepared in three Erlenmeyer flask for both set of water samples. The
buffer solution and the EBT indicator were added to each flask. This was followed by titrating it to the
standardized EDTA solution until a color change from red wine color to a pure blue one takes place.
From the obtained volume of EDTA solution used in the titration and from the average Titer value , we
can calculate hardness of the water sample using this formula:
Vol EDTA ∙T EDTA
Total Hardness=
Vol H 2 O (L)
The table below shows the guidelines in determining the total hardness of water sample:
V. Conclusion:
Based on the data obtained, the conductor concludes that the total hardness based on the
calculated value of Tubig Purified Drinking Water analyzed is soft while the Tap Water of UPV is hard.
Complex-formation titration has many uses in the field of analytical chemistry. This process is used to
determine the total hardness of water being supplied in UPV-Miagao. The significance of using EDTA
solution as our titrant in this experiment is that it determines metal cations. Eriochrome Black T is
necessary for the metal ion detection, adjusting the pH of the solution to 7 or above so that the blue
form of the species predominates in the absence of the metal ion.
VI. References:
Brown T., LeMAy E., Bursten B.; Chemistry: The Central Science, ninth edition. Pearson
Education. 2004
Skoog D., West D., Holler F., Crouch S.; Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, eighth
edition. C and E Publishing, Inc. 2004
http://cd1.edb.hkedcity.net/cd/science/chemistry/s67chem/pdf/sOL_6_Water_hardness.pdf
http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/water/calcium/calcium-and-water.htm