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1. Write the symbol of the element with “+” oxidation number (all
metals and hydrogen). Example: Ca
2. Next write the symbol of the element with the “-“ oxidation number
(all nonmetals). Example: Ca F
3. Write in the oxidation numbers for each element. Example: Ca+2 F-1
4. Balance the formula. There must be an equal number of “+” and “-
“ charges in the completed formula to have a neutral compound.
Example: Ca+2 2F-1.
5. Put in subscripts so the sum of the charges is equal to zero.
Example: Ca1F2 , drop the unnecessary “1” and get CaF2.
6. SHORT CUT is to use the criss-cross method. Change the oxidation
number to a subscript for the other element Example: Ca+2 F-1
becomes Ca1F2 , drop the unnecessary “1” and get CaF2.
Conservation of Matter = this theory states that matter can not be created
or destroyed.
Products = are the result of the chemical reaction. What we are left with
after the reaction.
Balanced Equation = when there are the same number of atoms of each
element on both sides of the chemical equation.
Example: 2Ag = H2S Æ Ag2S + H2
There are four (4) types of chemical reactions, all based on the way
atoms rearrange themselves during the reaction. These are synthesis
reactions, decomposition reactions, single replacement, double
displacement.
D + BC Æ BD + C
(the negative ion is replaced)
Example: Tarnish
Aluminum plus silver sulfide yields aluminum sulfide plus silver
2Al + 3AgS Æ Al2S3 + 3Ag