Sie sind auf Seite 1von 3

Howard Hughes Medical Institute

2007 Holiday Lectures on Science

Cells of the Immune System—Student Worksheet

About This Worksheet


This worksheet complements the Click and Learn “Cells of the Immune
System” developed in conjunction with the 2007 Holiday Lectures on
Science, “AIDS: Evolution of an Epidemic.”

Author: Ann Brokaw, Rocky River High School, Rocky River, OH

Answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides.

1. Name one type of cell involved in each of the following processes:

Neutrophil
a. Innate immunity: ______________________________________________________________

T-Lymphocytes
b. Adaptive immunity: ____________________________________________________________
Macrophage
c. Both adaptive and innate immunity: _______________________________________________
2. Define innate immune system.
nonspecific defence mechanisms, that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the
_____________________________________________________________________________________
boy.
Bone Marrow/Thymus
3. Where are the cells of the adaptive immune system found in humans? ______________________

4. Watch the video on slide 3 and answer the following.


a. How do B cells react to antigens?

The B cells react by antibiotics


_____________________________________________________________________________________
b. Which cells conduct the immune system? ____________________________________________
The helper T-cells

c. Which immune cells kill infected cells? ______________________________________________


The Cytotoxic T-cells
5. What is the purpose of humoral immunity?

The purpose of humoral immunity is to generate the antibodies from the B-cells
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. How does antibody specificity arise?
There is different sequences in the antigen binding site.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Page 2 of 3 Cells of the Immune System—Student Worksheet

7. Outline the specific steps involved in antibody production in response to infection with human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

_____________________________________________________________________________________
Virus gets to the other side of the ski barrier, Its taken up by dendritic cell, The transports virus to lymph nodes, B-cells interact
w/HIV, it will then recognize it,transfoms into plasma cells,then it will produce antibodies, Finally the anitbodies go out to the
_____________________________________________________________________________________
bloodstream.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
8. Define antigen.

Foreign molecule that obtain specific immune response that is against in


_____________________________________________________________________________________
9. A macrophage is also referred to as an antigen-presenting cell. Explain why that is an appropriate
term.
It gives out fragments in the surface like a signal
_____________________________________________________________________________________
10. Why is antigen-presentation important in fighting infection?

Its important in fighting infection because it gives signals that are picked up by cells (cells on Adaptive immune)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
11. A T cell is a type of white blood cell that has surface receptors that recognize antigens. Does an
individual T cell have the ability to recognize more than one type of antigen? Explain your answer.

No, they are interested and only bin to one specific antigen
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
12. Explain the relationship between the antigen-presenting cells and helper T cells.
Helper T-cells have receptors that have the same shape of it antigen, that cells make Cytokines.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
13. Watch the video on slide 8 and answer the following questions.
a. What specifically results from the release of cytokines by helper T cells?
Chemical messengers that help the effective immune response.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
b. What is the problem with helper T cells carrying out this function in HIV infection?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
They have receptors, HIV uses them to get inside/into the cells
14. What role do cytotoxic T cells play in fighting infection?

TCRs and CD8 have surfaces and when TCRS have found the antigen they will kill the infected cells immediately
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
15. What two molecules on the surface of a cytotoxic T cell help the cell recognize infected cells?

CD8 and TCRs are the two molecules


_____________________________________________________________________________________
Page 3 of 3 Cells of the Immune System—Student Worksheet

16. What is the role of ubiquitin in host cells? Be specific.

Tags the proteins,it also carried them to proteasome.Then they will go to the chain of peptides.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
17. What is the role of an MHC class 1 protein? Be specific.

CD8 molecules and Cytotoxic T-cells will go together with TCRs and will kill the cells.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
18. What is the relationship between an MHC class 1 protein and a cytotoxic T cell?

MHC works while Cytotoxic T-cells is there to aware MHC


_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
19. What is a potential problem with respect to the timing for when a cytotoxic T cell recognizes a
virally infected cell?
While the virus is in the bloodstream,the cells will not be killed
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
20. Summarize the main difference between the action of MHC class 1 and MHC class 2.

MHC2 is there helper of T-cells that help combine the TCRs, MHC 1 will kill the cells. While the CD8 and MHC2 turn into
_____________________________________________________________________________________
antigens
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

About the Holiday Lectures on Science and BioInteractive.org


As part of its mission to strengthen science education, HHMI presents the Holiday Lectures on Science, an annual series that brings the latest developments in a rapidly moving field of
research into the classroom. The lectures are given by HHMI investigators and other leading scientists. The series began in 1993.
To complement the Holiday Lectures and enhance their usefulness in the classroom, HHMI produces a variety of free science education materials. Lecture summaries, biographies of the
lecturers, and other resources are available at www.holidaylectures.org. DVDs and CD-ROMs can be ordered through HHMI’s Catalog at http://catalog.hhmi.org.
The BioInteractive website (www.BioInteractive.org) features virtual labs, animations, and other engaging instructional materials. They can be used to supplement the lecture topics or to learn
important concepts in the biomedical sciences.

About the Howard Hughes Medical Institute


The Howard Hughes Medical Institute is a nonprofit medical research organization that employs hundreds of leading
biomedical scientists working at the forefront of their fields. In addition, through its grants program and other
activities, HHMI is helping enhance science education at all levels and maintain the vigor of biomedical science
worldwide. Headquartered in Chevy Chase, Maryland, HHMI is one of the world's largest philanthropies, with
Department of Science Education laboratories across the United States and grants programs throughout the world.

The views and opinions expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of the Trustees or management of the
4000 Jones Bridge Road, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
(301) 215-8500 • biointeractive@hhmi.org
© 2013 Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen