Question Bank – Navaids

(1) Describe how GPS Position is determined by GPS Receiver?

(2) Describe main sources of errors in GPS?
(xx) Why at least three Satellites are required to fix a two-dimensional position in GPS?
(xx) Describe the principles, usages, limitations, coverage and accuracy of GPS.
(xx) Describe the principles, usages, limitations, coverage and accuracy of DGPS.
(xx) What do you understand by following and what are the effects of them on GPS: (a) Spoofing (b)
Jamming (c) Solar Flares (d) Satellite Basal Augmentation.
(xx) Explain what is meant by “Pseudo Random Noise”. Describe briefly the two codes which are
transmitted by GPS Satellites. Explain why two Frequencies are used.
(xx) Describe the working principle of GLONASS.
(xx) Describe the limitations of GLONASS system receiver.
(xx) Describe the principles, usages, limitations, coverage and accuracy of GLONASS.
(xx) Describe the principles, usages, limitations, coverage and accuracy of Galileo.
(4) What is co-efficient? Explain which co-efficient changes with Latitude and which co-efficient remains
unchanged?
(xx) Enumerate probable causes to develop co-efficient apparent.
(5) Describe the use of Damping in Azimuth and Damping in Tilt to cause settling of axis of a gyroscope?
(6) Describe Settling or Damping Error and why this error changes with Latitude?
(xx) Explain why a Gyro Compass which is damped in tilt will settle with its spin axis on a small angle to
the Meridian, except when at Equator?
(xx) Explain with the Diagram how the Course and Speed Errors are produced? What are the remedial
actions Manufacturers’ take to counteract these Errors?
(7) With the aid of a Diagram, describe Gyro Compass Repeater System.
(xx) Explain the operating principle of fiber optic Gyro Compass and ring laser Gyro Compass. State their
advantages over the mechanical / ballistic Gyro Compass.
(xx) Explain how Gyro Compass is prevented from any tendency to turn when swinging pendulously as a
result of rolling or pitching. Explain how errors caused by acceleration of the compass during rolling and
pitching can be reduced.
(xx) Describe the effect of Rolling on a Liquid Ballistic Compass for various Ship’s Headings. Explain why
the movement of the liquid causes error on the cardinal headings?
(xx) What are the properties of Gyroscope? Describe the effect of Gyro Failure during transiting Singapore
Strait.
(xx) Explain the meaning of “Free Gyroscope” and the properties of “Gyroscopic Inertia” & “Gyroscopic
Precession”.
(xx) Explain how a Free Gyroscope is made north seeking under the influence of gravity control.
(xx) Explain the operating principle of Gyro Repeater System.
(xx) What is Magnetic Degaussing? How it can be achieved?
(xx) Describe different parts of a Magnetic Compass and their functions.
(xx) Describe correction procedure of a Magnetic Compass. Who is the person responsible for this
correction?
(xx) Describe behavior of Liquid Ballistic during change of speed or course.
(xx) State the performance standards of Magnetic Compass.
(xx) Explain operating principle of Transmitting Magnetic compass (TMC).
(xx) State the sequence of placing the correction and the reason for the same. State precautions need to be
taken during swinging a compass.
(xx) Explain with diagrams the effect of permanent and induced magnetism with change of latitude.
(xx) Explain the working principle of AIS. How AIS uses a Time Division Multiple Access (SOTDMA)
Scheme to share the VHF Frequency?
(xx) What is AIS and what are the potential benefits of AIS?
(xx) Describe the followings: AIS Static Information, AIS Dynamic Information, AIS Short Safety
Messaging.
(xx) Explain two types of AIS.
(xx) Explain the advantages and disadvantages of AIS.
(xx) Explain function of AIS. Explain various methods of displaying AIS information. State the use of AIS
at Sea and in Port mentioning precautions necessary when AIS is used as an aid for collision avoidance.
(xx) Explain how position fixing is achieved using Loran-C.
(xx) List and explain the Errors of Loran-C.
(xx) Explain operational principle of e-Loran. What are the main differences between e-Loran and
traditional Loran-C?
(xx) Describe the components, principles, coverage and various usages of e-Loran.
(xx) What is IBS? Describe limitations of IBS.
(xx) Explain how the IBS System can be beneficial for the Navigators.
(xx) Draw a block diagram of IBS. State the advantages and disadvantages of IBS.
(xx) Briefly describe the three categories of INS as defined by IMO.
(xx) Describe operational requirement of BNWAS.
(xx) Explain the purposes of BNWAS and how they are achieved. List and explain the operational sequence
of indication and alarms of BNWAS.
(xx) Write short notes on: (a) e-Navigation (b) SSAS (c) BNWAS (d) VDR.
(xx) Explain the concept of Galileo. What are the advantages of Galileo over Navtar?
(xx) Describe the operational concept of LRIT. What is the criteria for a member state to obtain LRIT data
of a Ship?
(xx) Describe the concept of VDR. What are the data can be achieved from the VDR? What is the difference
between VDR and SVDR?
(xx) What is VDR? What is VDR or SVDR Capsule?
(xx) Would you recommend connecting ECDIS as an input to VDR? What is the advantage of doing so?
(xx) What is ROTI? State the SOLAS Requirements of ROTI.
(xx) Describe the use of ECDIS. What are the differences between Raster and Vector Charts?
(xx) State the principle of Doppler Log. Describe the Errors of Doppler Log. How to put a Doppler Log in
use?
(xx) What is VFI? Describe Errors with causes.