How to Prepare for a Job Interview

Make a good impression at your interview by doing a little homework beforehand.

• Preparation
• Interview Types
• Good Impressions
• Common Questions
• Illegal Questions
• Asking Questions
• Common Mistakes

Research the Company and the Position

The more you know about the company and the job you are applying for, the better you will appear in
the interview. An interviewer will be impressed by your interest and motivation, and you will be able to
explain what you can do for the company. Find out as much key information as you can about the
company, its products and its customers. If possible, talk to people who work at the company. There may
be other sources of information on the Web, especially if the company is publicly traded.
Search for the following:
• Office locations
• Products and services
• Customers
• Competitors
• Philosophy
• History
• Recent news
• Financial info, including salary and stock

Prepare for the Actual Interview

• Practice your answers to Common Questions. Likewise, prepare a list of questions to ask the
employer. Most interviews follow this pattern: First, you answer questions about your experience and
qualifications, then you ask questions about the job.
• Rehearse your interview with a friend. You should be able to convey all pertinent information
about yourself in 15 minutes. Tape yourself to check your diction, speed, and body language.
• Prepare your interview materials before you leave. Bring several copies of your resume, a list of
references, and, if appropriate, any work samples. Make sure they are all up-to-date.
• Dress professionally and comfortably. You will be judged in some respects by what you wear.
When in doubt, dress conservatively.
For women:
• A straight-forward business suit is best.
• Wear sensible pumps.
• Be moderate with make-up and perfume.
• Wear simple jewelry.
• Hair and fingernails should be well-groomed.
For men:
• A clean, ironed shirt and conservative tie are a must.
• A simple jacket or business suit is a good idea as well.
• Shoes should be polished.
• Face should be clean-shaven; facial hair should be neatly trimmed.
• Hair and fingernails should be well-groomed.
• Use cologne or after-shave sparingly.
• Bring pen and notepad to jot down any information you may need to
remember (but don’t take notes during the interview).

Your objective is to create a favourable image. There is little time, so take every opportunity to project a
positive image. Start with a smile and a firm handshake and go from there.
NOTE
Note beforehand a list of your talents and think how they can best be projected. Note some questions you
can ask at the interview.
TAKE TROUBLE
Preparation beforehand will pay off. Accumulate as much knowledge as you can about the company and
their business (ie. What they do, where they do it, and how they do it). Study any available literature (eg.
in reception) issued by the company.
EXUDE CHEERFULNESS
Smile, relax, dont be thrown off balance try to enjoy it. Make sure you look your interviewer in the eye
(eye contact inspires confidence). Lighten their day with your sunny disposition!
REVEAL YOURSELF
Project your achievements, talents, views and aspirations; remember they will be looking at what you can
GIVE the company rather than what you want to TAKE from it. It is a good thing to show critical self-
appraisal in retrospect, showing you recognise and learn from your mistakes.
VOCAL COMMUNICATION
Dont just answer questions, communicate. Expand points, talk person-to-person feel what you are saying
and put some expression into your responses.
IMPRESS
Youre there to impress, so theres no place for modesty. The interview is the one time you can boast of
your achievements, but try to make it clear that you dont do that at other times! Maintain courtesy at all
times.
ENQUIRE
Having prepared some questions to ask, make sure you ask them! Most interviewers will remember to
ask if you have any questions, but if they forget, dont be afraid to ask if they would mind answering them
for you.
WATCH FOR SIGNALS
Look for both audible and visible signals in the form of reactions, lines of questioning, areas of apparent
interest or lack of it. This requires concentration, judgement and quick thinking so that you can tailor
your performance to what you perceive will impress your interviewer.
Finally, if the job interests you, say so with conviction, at the end of the interview

Resume Tips
• Prepare a chronological resume.
• Describe the type of industry and size of your former employers.
(If the company is unknown to the reader, then the relevancy of your experience may be overlooked.)
• Describe what you did 90% of the time, not 10% of the time. Don’t overlook the basics.
• Explain special projects if they were substantial, i.e., systems/computer conversions, IPO
experience, acquisitions/mergers.
• One page is good, but two pages is also fine. Try not to go over two pages. Someone with more
than ten years of experience often should have a twopage resume.
• Don’t try to put too much information on a page; be sure to leave plenty of white space and
make your resume easy to read.
• Leave out all personal information, i.e., marital status, children, your age, etc.
Exceptions include:
Professional organizations and career-related volunteer organizations.
Extra-curricular activities of recent college graduates.

Research Yourself
Be prepared to answer:

Career goals, in general terms, both short and long term. Give the interviewer the sense that you have a
career path in mind. Before you are too specific, make sure that the direction you want to move toward is
available at that company.
Bottom line tip: You need to come across directed, but make sure that the direction doesn’t exclude the
current position.

Explain any gaps between employment.

Interviewers will often ask about gaps in employment. If you worked in a temporary or consulting
capacity but didn’t put it on your resume, have the details of what companies you worked with, what you
did for them and the approximate length of your assignment. If you were working outside the accounting
discipline, be careful about bringing up any uncertainty regarding your intentions of staying in the
accounting field. If you didn’t work but did search for a job, give some examples of the research you did
regarding job opportunities and the process you went through to find this position.
Bottom line tip: Employers want to see that you are interested in working for their organization.

Reasons for leaving each job.

Know why you left and be able to succinctly describe your reasons. If it was for a better opportunity,
explain how the new company’s position was an opportunity. If you left involuntarily, present the reason
in the most positive light you can. Rehearse any answers to make sure the response is genuine. Bottom
line tip: Reasons must be positive!

Research the Company

The kinds of things you should know about a potential employer:
• Size of the company, both number of employees and revenue/sales volume.
• Ownership.
• History, including how long they have been in business, sister and/or parent company names.
• Product(s), general information and basics about their major products.
• Major competitors.
• Industry trends.
• Accounting department size.
• Job description; understand the skills required for the position.
• Relationship between the open position and other members of the staff; have a sense for the
organization of the department.
• Personal history of interviewers; if you know you have something in common, use it to build
rapport.
• Understand the critical skills, “key” qualities of their ideal candidate.
• Have 3-5 well-thought-out questions that would help further your understanding of the
company.

Sample Questions
• I’ve been watching the news about your Product X; who are your competitors in that market?
• Does your company have a five and ten year business plan? What kinds of changes do you
anticipate?
• How will your company be affected by health-care reform? or NAFT ?
• I’ve seen some consolidations going on in your industry (give an example); how do you see your
company’s future?

Sources of Information:
Business Library
Periodical Files
Ask your recruiter

General Interviewing Tips

• You should realize, despite the different interviewing tactics used, all employers are searching
for the same answers in interviews. They seek to confirm that an applicant has the required knowledge,
skill, willingness to contribute and fit into the company culture. They also want to see if your career
goals are in line with opportunities available with their company.
• Be prepared with answers to the traditional interview questions. Rehearse your answers with a
friend who will give you honest feedback about the content of your answer, and your body language.
• Aim for clarity, brevity, and above all, honesty. Give honest answers with a positive tone.
• Concentrate on the employer’s need, not yours.
• Emphasize how you can help the company achieve its goals.
• Describe your past responsibilities and accomplishments.
• Explain why you approached the project a certain way.
• Explain how the skills you bring will benefit the company.
• Use strong, confident language.
• Don’t downplay your accomplishments or attribute them to luck.
• Be specific in your answers. Avoid rambling or getting off on a tangent. Ask for clarification if
you aren’t sure what information they are seeking.
• Ask if they feel it would be helpful to add information about skills or experiences that you think
are relevant and hasn’t been covered yet. Take responsibility in communicating your strengths. Don’t
rely on the interviewer to pull it out of you.
• Practice by anticipating what types of skills and characteristics you think the employer needs in
an applicant to be successful on the job you are interviewing for. For example:
1. Detail orientation
2. Motivational
3. Stress management
4. Diplomacy
5. Persistence
6. Team building
7. Leadership
8. Problem-solving and planning
9. Technical
• Once you have determined what you think the employer will be looking for, write out examples
of situations that showed your skills in those areas. Explain your past successes; the more you can clearly
describe the experience - the people involved, the challenge, and the solutions - the more you’ll stand
out in the interviewer’s mind.

• Know the time and place of the interview and the interviewer’s full name and title.
• Ensure that you fully understand the job description of the position for which you are interviewing.
• Plan to be 15 minutes early in anticipation of traffic problems or other unanticipated delays. Also,
know where you’re going. If possible acquaint yourself with the route. Late arrival for a job
interview is never excusable.
• Dress professionally (i.e. proper business attire).
• If presented with an application, fill it out neatly and completely.
• Ensure to shake the interviewer’s hand firmly.
• Speak slowly and clearly. Don’t rush your answers.
• Stress accomplishments.
• Ensure to answer every question fully and honestly.
• Don’t jump ahead or give more information than is required. Pay attention to “cutoff” cues.
• Ensure you are consistent in your answers throughout all interviews.
• Don’t answer with a simple “yes” or “no”. Explain answers where possible.
• Avoid saying anything negative about present or previous employers or co-workers.
• Ask questions to show interest in the Company and the position.
• Ensure they know you are interested in the position; never close the door on an opportunity.
• Look alert and interested at all times and look the interviewer in the eye.
• Relax, smile and have a positive attitude. Give the appearance of energy as you walk.

WHAT TO PREPARE BEFOREHAND - (5 Step Process)

I) Chronological Outline of Career and Education

Break down your life into “segments” (i.e. university, first job, second job, etc.). For each segment, write
down:
A.) why you went into the program or job;
B.) what you did when you were there; and
C.) why you left.
The chronology should flow logically and bring you to the present day. You should then write down
where you want to be in the short and long term and why it makes sense based on where you’ve been
according to your chronology. Also, write down the reasons why you would be appropriate for the job
you are interviewing for and why you are interested in the position.

II) Strengths and Weaknesses

Strengths: Write down 3 technical and 3 non-technical personal strengths. For each strength, document
something external that proves the strength is also perceived by others as strength, i.e. you received a
bonus in recognition, there were some savings achieved, you completed the implementation of a system,
you met objectives, it was noted on your performance evaluation.
Weaknesses: The area of weaknesses is difficult. The way to answer any question about your weaknesses
is to either:
A.) describe a weakness or area for development that you have worked on and have now overcome; or
B.) describe a characteristic that could be perceived as either a strength or a weakness.

III) Questions to Ask

It is important to ask a lot of questions both throughout the interview and at the end of the interview
when interviewers generally ask if you have any questions. Therefore, you should prepare a list of 5-10
technical and 5-10 non-technical questions and memorize them before the interview. Do not inquire
about salary, vacation, bonuses, or other benefits. This information should be discussed with CFS.
Sample Questions:
1. Could you tell me about the growth plans and goals for the company/ department/division?
2. What needs to be accomplished in this position in the next 6-12 months?
3. What skills are important to be successful in this position?
4. Why did you join this company?
5. What types of systems do you use throughout the company/department/division?
6. Why is the position available?
7. What made the previous persons in this position successful/unsuccessful?
8. To where have successful people in this position advanced?
9. What criteria will my supervisor use for my performance evaluation and how frequently, and in
what manner, will my supervisor and I meet?
10. How do you (the supervisor) like to operate in terms of assignments, delegation of responsibility and
authority, general operating style, etc.?
11. What long and short term problems and opportunities do you think my prospective area faces?
12. With whom will I be interacting most frequently and what are their responsibilities and the nature of
our interaction?
13. What particular things about my background, experience and style interest you?
14. What experience, training, attributes, operating style, accomplishments and personality factors
should the “ideal” candidate for the job have?
15. Is there anything in my background or experience to prevent you from considering me as a viable
candidate?
16. What else can I do to get a job offer from your company?
17. What is the time frame for making a decision on this position?

IV) Questions You Should Be Prepared For

1. What do you know about our company?
2. Why do you want to work here?
3. Why are you looking to change positions?
4. What are your strengths and weaknesses?
5. What do like most and least about your current position (or supervisor)?
6. Where do you see yourself in 5 years?
7. What are the best and worst things your boss would say about you?
8. Name 5 adjectives that would best describe you. What are your concerns in your current situation
and what would you improve?
9. How have you changed or improved the nature of your job?
10. Why should we hire you?
11. What can you do for us that someone else can’t?
12. Why did you choose this particular vocation?
13. What contributions to profits have you made in your present or former positions to justify your
salary level there?
14. What do you think determines a person’s progress in a good company? Behavioral questions: i.e.
Tell me about the time that you were most successful in dealing with a difficult client? or Give me
an example of a time when you had to get something accomplished with someone whom is a bit
more difficult to get along with.

Answers To Some Difficult Questions:

How much money do you want?
Only indicate what you are presently earning and that salary is one of several factors you are considering.
Emphasize that the opportunity is the most important consideration.
Tell me about yourself.
Emphasis on your recent experience is most important; however, brief coverage of previous experiences
and education can also be useful. What are some situations in which your work was criticized?
Give only one or two examples and emphasize how you addressed the criticism and how it is now not a
problem. Ensure that you show you are open to constructive criticism.
What do you think of your boss?
Create a positive image, even if this is not the case.
How long would it take you to make a meaningful contribution to our company?
Realistically speaking, experience and requirements of the job will influence your making a meaningful
contribution. Why haven’t you found a new position before now?
Explain that finding the right job is more important than just finding a job. This can be a difficult task as
the current economy may be a factor.
Why were you laid off?
Be as positive as possible. Do not discuss interpersonal conflicts, regardless of how sympathetic the
interviewer may seem. Discuss economic conditions. Do not go into much detail unless asked. Why
should we hire you? or Are you interested in this job?
Explain why this is a logical position for you, sum up your work history and re-emphasize your strongest
qualities and achievements. Above all, let the interviewer know that you will be an asset to the company.

V) DO YOUR HOMEWORK!
You should find out as much information on the Company and the interviewers as you can. The best
sources are the public library, the Internet (you should check if the company has a home page) and your
recruiter. If you get to your interview early, you should read any brochures they may have in the
reception area. Another thing you may do is review any articles or books on interviewing.
VI)NEGATIVE FACTORS EVALUATED BY AN INTERVIEWER
1. Poor presentation.
2. Lack of a firm handshake.
3. Being unprepared for the interview, i.e. little or no knowledge of the company.
4. Poor expression of thoughts, including incorrect grammar.
5. Not asking questions about the job.
6. “Superiority complexes” and “know it all” attitudes.
7. Indifference or lack of enthusiasm.
8. Being evasive, nervous and lacking in confidence.
9. Lack of career direction - undefined goals or purposes.
10. Candidate is too interested in compensation factors.
11. Overaggressive, overbearing or conceited behavior.
12. Speaking unfavorably of previous employers.
13. Lack of courtesy and maturity.
14. No appreciation for the value of experience.
15. Not looking the interviewer in the eye.

VII)CLOSING THE INTERVIEW

If you are interested in the position, ask for it or ask for the next interview if the situation demands. You
might say something like:
“Mr./Ms. Employer, I am very impressed with what I’ve seen and heard here today and am confident
that I could do an excellent job in the position you’ve described to me. When might you be in a position
to make an offer?” Your enthusiasm should make a favorable impression. If you are made an offer,
accept it only if you are ready. You don’t have to accept the offer on the spot.
Don’t be discouraged if no definite offer is made or specific salary discussed. Thank the interviewer for
his or her time and consideration of you. If you have answered the two major questions in his mind: a)
Why are you interested in the company?; and b) What can you offer?, you have done all you can.

Preparing for Your Job Interview

Your job interview should be an exciting time. The employer is obviously interested in you since you
were invited for a personal interview. Now, it is up to you to show that you are the most qualified person
to fill the job. If you have followed the instructions in the previous brochures, you should already have
done some ground work by rating your skills and abilities and by researching the company. The next step
is to prepare yourself for the interview.

Before the interview

It is important to remain calm during the interview. The following is a list of some typical questions
which are asked during an interview. Study them carefully and prepare well-thought out answers. This
will help you overcome your nervousness.
Question: Tell me about yourself.
Purpose: To put you at ease. To learn from you why they should or should not hire you. To find out if
your mind is on what you can offer an employer; or if it is on personal concerns that may interfere with
your work performance. To learn a little bit about your background.
Suggestion: Briefly touch on the following:
• your experience related to the job.
• your attributes, including your ability to get along with others and appropriate personal information
to show stability and a
• well-rounded character.
Question: Tell me about your experience with this type of work.
Purpose: To find out whether or not you can do the job.
Suggestions: If you have done this work, state where and give examples of your achievements. If you
have done related work, state your transferable skills. show your interest in the position and you
willingness to learn. If you have not done this work, mention other work-related attributes and skill.
Quickly show your interest in on-the-job training.
Question: Why do you want to work here?
Purpose: To find out what you know and like about the organization and if youwould stay. To see if your
work qualifications fit their requirements and approach. To find out if you are genuinely interested in
contributing to the company or only the security, benefits and prestige they offer.
Suggestions: Describe what you know about the company. If appropriate, compliment the company (ie.
reputation service, growth, product). Mention the effort you have put into collecting background
information. Say that you like the work you do and how your skills match their requirements.
Question: What are your strengths?
Purpose: To discover reasons for hiring you. To find out how well you know yourself. To find out if you
believe in yourself; and if you are the right person for the position.
Suggestions: Mention that besides the work skills, training and experience that you would offer, you also
offer job-related qualities such as reliability, enthusiasm, dependability, flexibility and efficiency. If time
permits, back up these qualities with examples.
Question: What are your weaknesses?
Purpose: To discover if you are wrong for the job as a result of lack of experience or training, poor
people skills, refusal to follow orders, poor attitude laziness...
Suggestions: Describe a positive attribute, then continue with a statement of reassurance. For example, I
feel that it is very important to meet deadlines; satisfy the customer; ... I have to really make myself be
patient, diplomatic, firm, when I see that this is not happening. Honestly describe an obvious weakness,
then describe factors that make up for it. Remember, when you raise a doubt, explain it immediately.If
you cannot think of any weaknesses, tell the employer this.
Question: What are your long-range goals?
Purpose: To discover whether you will stay with the company. To find out what it is that you really want.
To identify your career plans. To see if your goals fit with those of the company.
Suggestion: Keep your answer work-related, with this company in mind. State your interest in and
commitment to staying and growing in this field of work.
Question: Can you work under pressure or tight deadlines?
Purpose: To find out your attitude towards pressure and your ability to deal with it.
Suggestions: Give job-related examples from your past experience showing your ability to cope with
pressure. Describe what you consider normal pressures for the type of work you would be doing. If you
cannot cope with pressure, first state some positive points (ie. your thoroughness, cheerful attitude,
punctuality). Add that you prefer knowing deadlines in advance and work better in that situation.
Question: What would you do in this situation?
Purpose: Assess your ability to handle unexpected questions. Assess your ability to judge and handle real
life situations. Learn of experience you have had. Discover if you are aware of company policy and
government rules.
Suggestions: Mention your commitment to follow company guidelines and to consult your supervisor
where appropriate. Describe a time when you successfully dealt with such a situation. Describe related
situations, experience, skills and attributes.
Before the interview
The following is the same list of questions. We have outlined Jodis
responses for you to review.
Question: Tell me about yourself.
Jodi: In my work experience, I have a good background in industrial mechanics. This includes
maintenance and repairs as well as keeping up with the latest advances in technology. I am also hard
working, dedicated and personable. During my spare time, I take part in several sports and I enjoy fixing
up old cars.
Question: Tell me about your experience with this type of work.
Jodi: “I was a millwright at the Butler Paper Company in Kendridge, B.C. from ‘86 until just recently.
Before that, I was an industrial mechanic at Edgewood Mining Ltd. in Herman N.S. for ten years from
‘76 to ‘86. At these jobs, I was responsible for keeping the equipment in good running condition. This
included recording all maintenance and repair work performed on each piece of equipment. I also
maintained a clean, organized and safe work environment. After six years with Edgewood Mining, I was
I was promoted to a team which specialized in diagnostic services. My training included a four-year
apprenticeship program with Edgewood. In ‘85, I received a Red Seal trade certificate at Alexandria
College in Halifax.”
Question: Why do you want to work here ?
Jodi: Your company has a reputation of high quality products and service as well as strict environmental
controls. These qualities are very important. You are a young company and you also have the latest
technology and automation. Im very interested in using my mechanical skills and growing with the
company.

Question: What are your greatest strengths?

Jodi: My strengths are inspecting equipment, analyzing problems, then making repairs. Trouble shooting
is a regular part of the job. If I become puzzled with a particular problem, I consult my supervisor and
manufacturers manuals, diagrams or schematic drawings. I am also dependable, knowledgeable and do
not mind working long hours to meet a deadline.
Question: What are your weakness?
Jodi: I dont like to be over-supervised because I have a lot of initiative, and I like to foresee problems
before they even arise.
Question: What are your long-range goals?
Jodi: I would like to move into a supervisory position where I could make better use of my management
and organizational skills.
Question: Can you work under pressure or tight deadlines?
Jodi: I realize that pressure and deadlines are a part of any working environment. I am confident that I
can meet realistic goals and challenges. If there is a need to work late, on occasion, in order to meet a
deadline, I have no problems with that.

During the interview

It is important to make a good first impression at your interview. Here are a few things to keep in mind:
• The way you dress says a lot about you. Make sure you appear neat and dress in the manner
appropriate for the job.
• Take a folder that contains a copy of your resume, letter(s) of recommendation and a list of
references. Bring your portfolio with samples of work, if applicable. Have the company information
that you have gathered, as well as a list of questions that you have prepared close at hand.
• Arrive no more than ten minutes ahead of time. Take a few minutes to relax and review your notes
or job-related material. Be friendly and business-like with everyone.
• Greet the interviewer and introduce yourself. Shake an offered hand. Follow the lead of the
interviewer, stay on topic and ask for clarification where necessary. Be attentive, enthusiastic and
maintain eye contact.
• When asked if you have any questions, briefly ask any suitable questions. State your interest in the
position and the organization with enthusiasm.
• Let the interviewers know that you appreciate this opportunity, and thank them for their time.
Confirm a time that they will let you know of their decision. If it is not definite, arrange to call them.
Shake hands, if appropriate, and say goodbye.

Interviews are a two-way street. On the one hand, it gives the employer an opportunity to get to know
you. On the other hand, it gives you the opportunity to get to know the employer. The questions you ask
are as critical as those that the employer will ask. The following are a few suggestions:
About the job
• What is the size of the department / branch / section?
• Do you have a training program? Could you please describe it?
• What are my opportunities for advancement?

About the person you would be working for

• Who would I report to directly?
• How long have they been with the company?
• What is their background?

About the company

• What is the management philosophy?
• Does the company have plans for expansion or reduction?
• How many people are being interviewed for this position?

During an interview, taking notes can be helpful. Jot down those items that you feel are pertinent. This
will show interviewer that you are interested and thorough. It will enable you to rate the pros and cons of
the job. It could also serve you well in future negotiations or communications.
After the interview
Interview review
As soon as possible after the interview, take a few minutes to reflect on your experience. Consider your
performance in relation to each of the questions below. If you believe that you did not do well in one
particular area, you may want to consider what went wrong and how you could improve the next time
around.

Was I friendly and courteous with everyone? YES NO

Did I act enthusiastic and interested in the job and the company? YES NO
Was I confident throughout the interview? YES NO
Did I communicate all the necessary information about my background? YES NO
Did I confirm my ability to do the job by relating my experience? YES NO
Did I ask all the questions I wanted to ask? YES NO
Did I indicate knowledge about the company? YES NO
Overall, did I make a positive impression? YES NO

Interview follow-up
Although your job interview is over, there is still some work to do. It is important to follow-up after the
interview. This may involve something as simple as a phone call or you may want to write a thank-you
letter. This letter should:
be sent to the employer immediately after the interview (within 24 hours)
be short
include thanks for actual things they did like taking the time to interview you, taking you on a company
tour, providing you with additional information about the job and introducing you to other personnel

It will further reinforce the memory of your meeting and may prompt them to take immediate action and
decide in your favour. This will also give you one more opportunity to restate your interest in the position
as well as the company.

Thank you note

The following is an example of Jodis thank-you note. Now, use the
blank form to write your own note.
Jodi
432 Elm Street
Kendridge, BC
V4N 6A9

March 20, 1995

Mr. Mark McIver

Dalhousie Manufacturing Inc.
116 Drummond Road
Chelsey, BC
V1M 2H7

Dear Mr. McIver:

I enjoyed meeting with you and your associate last week. It was a
highly informative interview. Your companys plans for expansion are
very interesting.
I also wanted to thank you for taking the time to show me around the
plant and introducing me to Ms. Landry, the President.
My extensive experience over the past fifteen years, as well as my
special interest in the environment and producing environmentally-wise
packaging, would be an advantage to your company.
Thank you for considering me for the position of industrial mechanic.
I look forward to hearing from you. If you have any questions, I can
be reached at 555-1351.
Sincerely,
Jodi Anson
You
Finding the right job for you is not an easy task. Dont be discouraged if you dont get a job after your first
few interviews. You must persevere. Look at each interview as good experience and concentrate your
efforts on the next one. Examining your options which will help you to explore other opportunities
available to you.

Interviews: How to Answer some of those Awkward—and All Too Common—

Questions.

By Susan Akers
Careers Advisor
Northern Territory University

5 steps for successful interviews

So you have followed the five steps to successful interviews -

1. RESEARCHING
the organization/firm/company and the position on offer.
Of course you have also asked how many people will be on the panel (if there is going to be more than
one person interviewing) and their titles so you can prepare your answers geared toward both the job
requirements and their particular focus;

2. REHEARSING
answers to commonly asked questions such as -
“Why do you want to work for us?” and “Why do you think you are the best applicant for the position?”

3. LOOKING SHARP IN PERSON - PRESENTING YOURSELF

APPROPRIATELY DRESSED.
When preparing for an interview part of your organisational investigations should be - the culture of the
organisation/firm/company. One hint to this is the way employees dress. Going to their main offices &
picking up their annual report etc. you should have noted how employees dressed. Remember - being
overdressed or underdressed at the interview can indicate that you don’t really know what the potential
employer is about. If you dress in a similar vein to the employees, you are subtly projecting the image
that you are already “ONE OF THE TEAM.”

4. PLANNING YOUR ARRIVAL

i.e. planning for the unexpected.
Plan to arrive early just in case it rains, your car/bike breaking down, your child gets sick etc. Remember
you don’t get a second chance at making a first impression. If you realise you might be late, ring the
interviewer, first apologise, reaffirm you are still very keen and ask for another time if possible. It’s just
common courtesy to let someone know if you’re going to be late or not even able to attend.

5. BELIEVING IN YOURSELF
If you believe you can do the job then others will too! BE CONFIDENT about your abilities and
experience even if they are not directly related to the position. Employers are often seeking people with
transferable skills i.e. if you are an team player in your leisure activities, that ability could be transferred
over to working as an effective team player with your professional colleagues.

Horror Questions ....

Ok, you arrive (on time) at the interview and are shown into the interview room and introduced to the
interviewer or interview panel. Then the interview starts with some preliminary chit chat - THEN .......
“Hello ..., tell us about yourself”
HORROR QUESTION NO. 1 - Where do you start? Do you give an autobiographical rendition? Why
didn’t they narrow the question down for you?
Some interviewers believe this is an excellent question to begin with, because it is supposed to give you
the opportunity to relax because you should be talking about something that you have in-depth
knowledge about - YOU. Instead you usually send most interviewees into mental contortions. That is
why it is one of the questions that I use in my interview seminars. I recommend that interviewees break
the question down for themselves into -
a) work and study background; and
b) leisure and home activities.

Work and Study:

With a) of course you should concentrate on how the skills you have picked up from your work
experiences and your studies relate to the position. If you are a mature aged student you don’t
necessarily want to present everything you have down, so you could skim over the first few years and
concentrate on the most relevant positions you have held and explain how your studies have enhanced
your knowledge of current practices in the field you are studying. For example:
“Well early on in my career I gained extensive experience working in government where I was required
to write submissions and deal with internal and external organisations. I moved onto ... where I further
developed my writing skills by ... and also learned about ... More recently, I’ve been working with ...
where I am responsible for ... and this has involved me in .... I’ve really found my studies have helped
me to ... in this area.
Leisure and home activities:
I play social basketball on a regular basis and really enjoy being with people who like competition but
also like having fun. I also like ....
Also by asking you this question, employers get you to reveal more about the ‘real you’, your values and
your attitudes. With a more formal question you probably would have not revealed so much.
HORROR QUESTION NO. 2
Even though we in Australia as in the USA, have tight anti-discrimination and equal employment
opportunity legislation, some interviewers (usually the more inexperienced) can ask questions that could
be regarded as sexist/racist. For example, I have had several young female graduates asked this question:
“I suppose in a couple of years time, you’ll be wanting to get married and start a family?”
Some interviewers don’t realise what they are asking and the impression they are making because they
see the question as asking you about your short and long term goals. I recommend that if you are
confronted with such a question or similar, DON’T OVERREACT. Read between the lines. What is it
really that the employer wants to know. An example response I recommend to this type of question is:
“If what you’re asking is - would I have a commitment to the firm for some years, all I can say is that I
have just spent 4 years of life and a lot of money studying to reach my goal of working in this
industry/profession. My short-term plan over the next 2-5 years is to build a strong foundation for my
career with an employer who will provide a solid professional environment and training. I don’t know
what will happen in the future, but I can assure you that at this time of my life I am keen to pursue a
career.”
HORROR QUESTION NO. 3
“Do you know how to operate a Macintosh computer/PC using ......program.”
Information technology is moving ahead in leaps and bounds but often graduates are left behind. In
higher education students are usually taught the theory rather than the practical, and some don’t use a
computer from the moment they enter the university to the day they leave. But gaining computer
literacy skills (even basic ones) is one piece of advice I constantly give to my clients be they automotive
mechanics or social workers.
So if you don’t have much experience with computers or you don’t know the particular
program/application the interviewer is talking about you might like to reply:
“I have used a Macintosh at university to type assignments and am sure with some training I would find
no problem with using a PC and the particular program”
or
“No, I don’t know how to use a Macintosh or a PC, however, I am currently enrolled in a computer
course at a local computer training college and I’m learning both word processing and spreadsheet
packages.”
Even though you do not have the experience or knowledge required, it have shown the interviewer that
you are actively doing something yourself i.e. using your initiative rather than saying “ No I don’t “
which translates to: “well, take me as I am. I don’t care”.
HORROR QUESTION 4.
“What is your greatest weakness?”
Some interviewees that I have interviewed have come up with answers like: “I don’t have any worth
mentioning”. “I’m not very well organised”. “I’m not as organised as I’d like to be, so what I now do is
to use checklists. I’ve found this a great help.”

Of course, the last answer is the best. No one is perfect, and most employers would think that the first
applicant doesn’t really know themselves very well (poor self assessment) and not feel very positive
about them. The second applicant has provided a weakness but has not tried to improve it (or that is the
impression given). The final applicant has shown that they realise they have this failing and have
successfully used a strategy to improve their weakness. It can make the handling of a weakness, a
strength in the eyes of the interviewer.
HORROR QUESTION 5, for the student.
“I see that you failed a few subjects in your degree, can you explain what happened”.
An appropriate answer is NOT:
“I just got caught up in the social scene at the Uni and couldn’t settle down to study”.
A more acceptable answer may be:(If straight from school to Uni)
“I didn’t realise what a change it was going to be from school. I was probably a little immature and so
didn’t cope very well in the beginning.
However, as you can see from the remainder of my results, after that year, I passed all my subjects.” (If
returning to study after a long break)
“I found it difficult to cope with all my work/family and study commitments. But I was able to
reorganise myself in second semester/year so that there was lot less pressure and my results reflect this.”
If your grades are not a true reflection of your abilities, have a considered answer ready. Remember
always finish on a positive note if you can. Employers have told me that they will still consider an
applicant who has failed subjects. They believe that if a student continues with their studies and still
finishes the qualification in a reasonable time period, they have shown that they are persistent and are
goal orientated.
The overall message to interviewees is - Be prepared to justify or argue your case. Be positive. You all
do have something important to offer a potential employer even if you have had some setbacks in the
past.

Guidelines for asking questions:

• Prepare five good questions. Understanding that you may not have time to ask them all. Ask
questions concerning the job, the company, and the industry or profession.
Your questions should indicate your interest in these subjects and that you have read and thought about
them. For example, you might start, “I read in Business Week that ... I wonder if that factor is going to
have an impact on your business.”
• Don’t ask questions that raise warning flags. For example, asking
“Would I really have to work weekends?” implies that you are notavailable for weekend assignments. If
you are available, rephrase your question. Also, avoid initiating questions about compensation (pay,
vacations, etc.) or tuition reimbursements. You might seem more interested in paychecks or time-off
than the actual job. [
• Don’t ask questions about only one topic. People who ask about only one topic are often
perceived as one dimensional and not good candidates.
• Clarify. It’s OK to ask a question to clarify something the interviewer said. Just make sure you
are listening. Asking someone to clarify a specific point makes sense. Asking someone re-explain an
entire subject gives the impression that you have problems listening or comprehending. For example, you
can preface a
clarifying question by saying: “You mentioned that at ABC Company does (blank) . . .Can you tell me
how that works in practice?”

Standard questions
• “Tell me about yourself.”
Make a short, organized statement of your education and professional achievements and professional
goals. Then, briefly describe your qualifications for the job and the contributions you could make to the
organization.
• “Why do you want to work here?” or “What about our company interests you?”
Few questions are more important than these, so it is important to answer them clearly and with
enthusiasm. Show the interviewer your nterest in the company. Share what you learned about the job, the
company and the industry through your own research. Talk about how your professional skills will
benefit the company. Unless you work in sales, your answer should never be simply: “money.” The
interviewer will wonder if you really care about the job.
• “Why did you leave your last job?”
The interviewer may want to know if you had any problems on your last job. If you did not have any
problems, simply give a reason, such as: relocated away from job; company went out of business; laid
off; temporary job; no possibility of advancement; wanted a job better suited to your skills. If you did
have problems, be honest. Show that you can accept responsibility and learn from your mistakes. You
should explain any problems you had (or still have) with an employer, but don’t describe that employer
in negative terms. Demonstrate that it was a learning experience that will not affect your future work.
• “What are your best skills?”
If you have sufficiently researched the organization, you should be able to imagine what skills the
company values. List them, then give examples where you have demonstrated these skills.
• “What is your major weakness?”
Be positive; turn a weakness into a strength. For example, you might say: “I often worry too much over
my work. Sometimes I work late to make sure the job is done well.”
• “Do you prefer to work by yourself or with others?”
The ideal answer is one of flexibility. However, be honest. Give examples describing how you have
worked in both situations.
• “What are your career goals?” or “What are your future plans?”
The interviewer wants to know if your plans and the company’s goals are compatible. Let him know that
you are ambitious enough to plan ahead. Talk about your desire to learn more and improve your
performance, and be specific as possible about how you will meet the goals you have set for yourself.
• “What are your hobbies?” and “Do you play any sports?”
The interviewer may be looking for evidence of your job skills outside of your professional experience.
For example, hobbies such as chess or bridge demonstrate analytical skills. Reading, music, and painting
are creative hobbies. Individual sports show determination and stamina, while group sport activities may
indicate you are comfortable working as part of a team. Also, the interviewer might simply be curious as
to whether you have a life outside of work. Employees who have creative or athletic outlets for their
stress are often healthier, happier and more productive.
• “What salary are you expecting?”
You probably don’t want to answer this one directly. Instead, deflect the question back to the interviewer
by saying something like: “I don’t know. What are you planning on paying the best candidate?” Let the
employer make the first offer. However, it is still important to know what the current salary range is for
the profession. Find salary surveys at the library or on the Internet, and check the classifieds to see what
comparable jobs in your area are paying. This information can help you negotiate compensation once the
employer makes an offer.
• “What have I forgotten to ask?”
Use this as a chance to summarize your good characteristics and attributes and how they may be used to
benefit the organization. Convince the interviewer that you understand the job requirements and that you
can succeed.

Here are some other job interview questions you might want to rehearse.

Your Qualifications
• What can you do for us that someone else can’t do?
• What qualifications do you have that relate to the position?
• What new skills or capabilities have you developed recently?
• Give me an example from a previous job where you’ve shown initiative.
• What have been your greatest accomplishments recently?
• What is important to you in a job?
• What motivates you in your work?
• What have you been doing since your last job?
• What qualities do you find important in a coworker?

Your Career Goals

• What would you like to being doing five years from now?
• How will you judge yourself successful? How will you achieve success?
• What type of position are you interested in?
• How will this job fit in your career plans?
• What do you expect from this job?
• Do you have a location preference?
• Can you travel?
• What hours can you work?
• When could you start?

Your Work Experience

• What have you learned from your past jobs?
• What were your biggest responsibilities?
• What specific skills acquired or used in previous jobs relate to this position?
• How does your previous experience relate to this position?
• What did you like most/least about your last job?
• Whom may we contact for references?

Your Education
• How do you think your education has prepared you for this position?
• What were your favorite classes/activities at school?
• Why did you choose your major?
• Do you plan to continue your education?

Common Job Interview Mistakes

1. Arrive late for the interview.
2. Indicate you are late because the directions you were given were not good.
3. Look disheveled and inappropriately dressed.
4. Slouch in your seat.
5. Don’t maintain good eye-contact with the interviewer.
6. Do your company research at the interview by asking, “What do you guys do here?”
7. Don’t make a connection between your skills and the needs of the employer.
8. Brag about how great you are, but neglect to cite evidence of your accomplishments.
9. Respond in an unfocused, disorganized, and rambling manner.
10. Remain low-key and display no enthusiasm for the job.
11. Answer most questions with simple “yes” and “no” answers.
12. Appear desperate for a job—any job.
13. Call the interviewer by his or her first name, or use the wrong name.
14. Give memorized responses, forgetting parts in the process.
15. Badmouth your current or former employer.
16. Ask “How am I doing? Are you going to hire me?”
17. Blurt out, “I need to make at least $35,000. I hope this job pays at least that much,” near the
beginning of the interview.
18. When asked “Do you have any questions?”, reply “No.”\

Job Interview Types

There are different types of job interviews you may participate in during the hiring process. Here are the
major ones and tips on how to handle them.

Stress Interview
Stress interviews are a deliberate attempt to see how youhandle yourself. The interviewer may be
sarcastic or argumentative, or may keep you waiting. Expect this to happen and, when it does, don’t take
it personally. Calmly answer each question as it comes. Ask for clarification if you need it and never rush
into an answer. The interviewer may also lapse into silence at some point during the questioning.
Recognize this as an attempt to unnerve you. Sit silently until the interviewer resumes the questions. If a
minute goes by, ask if he or she needs clarification of your last comments.

One-On-One Interview
In a one-on-one interview, it has been established that you have the skills and education necessary for the
position. The interviewer wants to see if you will fit in with the company, and how your skills will
complement the rest of the department. Your goal in a one-on-one interview is to establish rapport with
the interviewer and show him or her that your qualifications will benefit the company.

Screening Interview
A screening interview is meant to weed out unqualified candidates. Providing facts about your skills is
more important than establishing rapport. Interviewers will work from an outline of points they want to
cover, looking for inconsistencies in your resume and challenging your qualifications. Provide answers to
their questions, and never volunteer any additional information. That information could work against
you. One type of screening interview is the telephone interview.

Lunch Interview
The same rules apply in lunch interviews as in those held at the office. The setting may be more casual,
but remember it is a business lunch and you are being watched carefully. Use the lunch interview to
develop common ground with your interviewer. Follow his or her lead in both selection of food and in
etiquette.

Committee Interview
Committee interviews are a common practice. You will face several members of the company who have
a say in whether you are hired. When answering questions from several people, speak directly to the
person asking the question; it is not necessary to answer to the group. In some committee interviews, you
may be asked to demonstrate your problem-solving skills. The committee will outline a situation and ask
you to formulate a plan that deals with the problem. You don’t have to come up with the ultimate
solution. The interviewers are looking for how you apply your knowledge and skills to a real-life
situation.

Group Interview
A group interview is usually designed to uncover the leadership potential of prospective managers and
employees who will be dealing with the public. The front-runner candidates are gathered together in an
informal, discussion-type interview. A subject is introduced and the interviewer will start off the
discussion. The goal of the group interview is to see how you interact with others and how you use your
knowledge and reasoning powers to win others over. If you do well in the group interview, you can
expect to be asked back for a more extensive interview.

Telephone Interview
Telephone interviews are merely screening interviews meant to eliminate poorly qualified candidates so
that only a few are left for personal interviews. You might be called out of the blue, or a telephone call to
check on your resume might turn into an interview. Your mission is to be invited for a personal face-to-
face interview. Some tips for telephone interviews: Anticipate the dialogue: Write a general script with
answers to questions you might be asked. Focus on skills, experiences, and accomplishments. Practice
until you are comfortable. Then replace the script with cue cards that you keep by the telephone. Keep
your notes handy: Have any key information, including your resume, notes about the company, and any
cue cards you have prepared, next to the phone. You will sound prepared if you don’t have to search for
information. Make sure you also have a notepad and pen so you can jot down notes and any questions
you would like to ask at the end of the interview. Be prepared to think on your feet: If you are asked to
participate in a role-playing situation, give short but concise answers. Accept any criticism with tact and
grace.Avoid salary issues: If you are asked how much money you would expect, try to avoid the issue by
using a delaying statement or give a broad range with a $15,000 spread. At this point, you do not know
how much the job is worth. Push for a face-to-face meeting: Sell yourself by closing with something like:
“I am very interested in exploring the possibility of working in your company. I would appreciate an
opportunity to meet with you in person so we can both better evaluate each other. I am free either
Tuesday afternoon or Wednesday morning. Which would be better for you?” Try to reschedule surprise
interviews: You will not be your best with a surprise interview. If you were called unexpectedly, try to
set an appointment to call back by saying something like: “I have a scheduling conflict at this time. Can I
call you back tomorrow after work, say 6 PM?”
Phone interviews could potentially be the most difficult interviews to do. Without the non-verbal body
language to set both the interviewer and the candidate at ease, phone interviews can de-rail both parties
and leave them disappointed. Remember a phone interview is a preliminary screen. You will have the
opportunity to explain all the details later. It is critical to let the interviewer maintain control of the
questioning. Respond in friendly but concise answers. Try to keep your agenda in the background until
you meet face to face.
Tips:
• If you are uncomfortable with phone conversations, try to visualize afriendly face.
• Be prepared to take the call where there will be no distractions, i.e., dogs, kids.
• Review all the details of your resume just as in a face-to-face interview.
• Be sure to ask if you answered the questions to their satisfaction, i.e., “Is there anything you would
like me to add?” or “Would you like me to give you another example?”
• Express interest in learning more about the opportunity and meeting them face to face.

Behavioral Interview
Behavioral Interviewing is based on the theory that past behavior is a strong predictor of future behavior.
The interviewer asks specific questions seeking information about a candidate’s skills, character, and
preference based on examples of past behavior. By using these answers, the interviewer can rate the
candidate based on past actions, not “gut feelings” or “intuition.” During the Behavioral Interview,
questions are directed toward specific experiences. For example, “Tell me about a time when you had to
deal with a difficult person at work.” Questions such as “How do you feel about...?” or “What would you
do if...” are discouraged.

Behavioral Interviewing Questions

Do you like to work over-time? Tell me about a time when you worked extra hours to reach a deadline or
complete a task.
This is a pretty high pressure environment. Are you comfortable with that? Tell me about a high-stress
situation when it was desirable for you to keep a positive attitude. What happened?
Do you consider yourself to be detail oriented? Describe a time when you have improved procedures to
reduce potential for error on the job.

Be specific.
The key in Behavioral Interviewing is to “paint a picture” of the reasons and thinking about the decision
or behavior without bringing in unessential details. It is expected that forming an answer will take time.
Don’t be concerned about spending time to think your examples through.

Traditional Interview
In the past ten years or so, many books have been written on the subject of interviewing, often listing
popular interview questions and then suggesting “safe” answers to those questions. Today we are finding
that this interviewing approach is not used as often because employers found that applicants tend to give
the same memorized answers. Although you may still find this approach used by some interviewers, the
trend today is toward more sophisticated interviewing techniques. You are still likely to be asked some of
these types of questions. Be prepared with well-thought-out answers.

Conversational Interview
Interviewers today tend to prefer a more conversational style of interviewing. Instead of a question-and-
answer volley, the interview becomes more of a professional discussion, with each side contributing
equal amounts. The reason interviewers like this approach is that it allows them to get more candid
information from the applicant. People are simply more likely to be honest and forthcoming during a
relaxed discussion than they are during an interrogation. Be aware of the tendency to become too relaxed
and revealing information you didn’t intend to share. You need to do your part to foster the
conversational tone, but don’t become so relaxed that you start spilling all of your dark secrets.
Bottom line tip: Be friendly, but stay professional.

Team Interview
In an effort to get a well-rounded perspective on job candidates, many companies ask numerous people
to participate in the selection process. Depending upon the level of job you’re seeking, you may
interview with an HR specialist, the hiring manager, the hiring manager’s boss, and even staff members
who would be your peers. In small companies, you may have to sell yourself to the entire staff. This team
approach means that many different people interview you and then get together to debate whether they
like you well enough to hire you. Sometimes, each person on the interview asks a different slate of
questions. Other times, they all ask the same thing. This can happen by design, if the company wants to
see whether you change your answers along the way. The team interview can take various forms, from a
small group to numerous mini-team interviews where two to three people on each team meet with you at
different times. The team members may divide the questions, or one team member may take the lead and
the others jump in periodically. We have also seen companies that have the entire department meet with
the individual at the same time over a casual luncheon. You will need to realize that in the team
interview, you may have people with different experience levels interviewing you. You will need to be
sure to connect with each person. Be sure to have eye contact with the person asking the questions, and to
glance at the other team members while answering the question to be sure that you are connecting with
eachindividual.
Be sensitive to the dynamics in the team. If they seem to want to control the interview, relax and flow
with it; on the other hand, be sure to offer information and ask questions. Take responsibility for ensuring
that the group understands what you have to offer. The best approach is to be sensitive and adapt your
approach to the group. Don’t be overly aggressive and take over, yet do interact and show your
enthusiasm.
Bottom line tip: Each person’s opinion can be weighed equally; in some cases, just one team member
opposition can disqualify a candidate. Sometimes it is unclear what role or position the person holds;
therefore, you’ll need to be respectful of everyone you meet.
Sample Traditional Interview Questions
The actual wording of these questions will vary to reflect the circumstance of each particular interview.
Traditional
1. Tell me about your greatest strengths.
2. Tell me about your weaknesses.
3. What motivates you?
4. What did you enjoy most about your last job?
5. What did you like least about your last job?
6. Where would you like your career to be in five years?
7. What are your short-term career goals?
8. Do you prefer to work alone, or as part of a team?
9. How do you get along with your peers?
10. How would you describe your management style?
11. Why do you want to change jobs?
12. Why are you unemployed?
13. Why do you think you would be an asset to our company?
14. How well do you work under pressure?
15. How do you feel about working overtime?
16. Would you be willing to relocate to one of our branch offices?
17. Would you be willing to travel?
18. How did you get along with your boss on your last job?
19. How did you get along with the staff in your last job?
20. Why do you want to work for this company?
21. What do you consider to be your outstanding achievements?
22. What kinds of problems do you enjoy solving?
23. Have you ever been fired? If yes, why?
24. What was your last salary? What is your minimum salary at thistime?

Behavioral Interview Questions

• What proactive steps have you taken to make your workplace more efficient and productive?
Specifically describe a policy, project, or system you created or initiated.
• Tell me about a time that your technical skills were challenged and you needed to backup your
position.
• Describe a high pressure situation you had to handle at work. Tell me what happened, who was
involved, and what you did in terms of problem solving.
• Tell me about a time when you had to decide whether or not to counsel an employee. How did
you determine what action to take?
• It is often necessary to adjust our method or style of communicating to meet the needs of the
individual or group we are addressing. Give me an example of a time when you used a different
approach or interpersonal style to more effectively communicate with a peer or subordinate.
• Some situations require us to express ideas or opinions in a very tactful and careful way. Tell
me about a time when you were successful in this type of situation.

The Screening Interview

Usually there are a series of interviews before a job offer is made. The first, called a screening interview,
lasts about 30 minutes to an hour. For larger companies, this interview is conducted by a personnel
officer. Some screening interviews are conducted over the phone. Often the questions are designed to
query about your past performances and skills. The rationale is that your successes in a past situation,
whether directly related to the job or not, will probably be a good indicator of your performance in the
future. A few examples of common questions asked in a screening interview include:
Self-Starter: Describe something from your academic experience that you are proud of, how did you get
involved with this and what was the outcome?
Analytical Abilities: Can you relay a time when you had difficulty getting any part of a project
accomplished. How did you approach this difficulty?
Genuine interest in the position: Where do you think your interest in (e.g. teaching) comes from? What
interests or concerns you about this position or our company?
Leadership: Take me through a project where you demonstrated leadership skills.

The Second Interview or Site Visit

If you have been successful in the screening interview then you will be invited for a second interview.
This interview will always occur at the firm’s regional office. Here are some things that you should keep
in mind when preparing for the second interview.
Prior to the Interview:
• Clarify travel arrangements prior to your visit. Some organizations will repay tickets or provide
you with a travel advance. Confirm your hotel reservation, rental car etc.
• Ask your contact at the company for an agenda for the day.
• Obtain a map of the area if you are not familiar with it.
• Travel light, if you are taking a plane, take carry-on luggage. Get a nice piece of luggage so you
don’t walk on the plane with a duffle bag.
• Do your homework on the organization. See section on Knowing the Organization.
• If possible, contact an alumna/us who works in the organization and who would be available to
talk to you.
• Know the salary range for this type of position. Information is available in the Trustee Center
for Professional Development, or talk with people in the field (e.g. alumni).
• Bring extra copies of your résumé, and either a briefcase or professional looking portfolio in
which to carry materials (bring paper and pen).
• Bring reading material in case the interview is delayed.
• Get a good night’s sleep before the interview.

During the On-Site Interview:

• Site interviews are typically several hours long. You will meet at least three to five individuals,
during the day or you may be interviewed by several people at once.
• Keep receipts for all expenses incurred, including taxis, tolls, parking, meals, etc.
• If lunch is part of the agenda it is advisable to decline alcoholic beverages and order something
easy to eat.
• Remember, almost everyone you meet (including secretaries) will be involved in the evaluation
process.
• Above all appear alert and enthusiastic! Ask questions to show your interest. Say that you want
the job.
• Make notes of people’s names, and titles, and important points. Request business cards.
• Before leaving, clarify the next step in the process. State your interest in the position.
• If you have the opportunity, explore the area during your visit. Pick up local newspapers and
publications to get a feel for the community.

Final Tips for After the On Site Interview

• Write thank you notes to your host and, if it seems appropriate, to others who interviewed you.
• If you do not hear from the organization within the previously specified amount of time, call
and ask about the status of your candidacy. Talk with your host_the person who arranged the interview.
• If you receive an offer in writing, respond immediately! If you need a little time, express your
interest and indicate a date at which you will inform them of your decision. Most companies will have
some flexibility in waiting but don’t expect more that two weeks.
• Complete and return your expense report. Reimbursement can take 4-6 weeks.

A Key to a successful interview is being prepared!

There is a great deal you can do to prepare for the interview. Your agenda is to be able to describe your
abilities as they relate to the position, and to determine if the company or opportunity is indeed
something that you would like to be involved with.

The Informational Interview

Informational interviewing is a way to learn more about specific career fields and occupations by talking
with someone who is actually in the job. An informational interview is usually conducted at the
professional’s place of business so you can get a feel for the work environment. The purpose of this type
of interview is to gather information, not to ask for a job. Listed below are a sample of questions that are
useful in an information interview.
1. How did you begin in this field?
2. How much education is required for this type of position?
3. What major best prepares you for this position?
4. Is there any other special training required?
5. Is there any training you wished you would have had before entering your profession?
6. What personal characteristics do you believe are helpful for success and satisfaction in this job?
7. What type of extracurricular experiences would be good background for this job?
8. Are there any professional organizations in the field?
9. To whom do you report? How many people (if any) report to you?
10. How does your work fit into the organization?
11. What are some of the opportunities for advancement?
12. How do you spend a typical day/week (paperwork, meetings, supervising, etc.)?
13. What is the range of your duties and responsibilities?
14. Do you work primarily alone or in collaboration with others?
15. How would you characterize your working relations (formal, informal, etc.)?
16. Do you determine how you structure your time or is that determined for you?
17. Are you required to travel? How often?
18. What is the present employment outlook for this field? Future?
19. How do you see the jobs in the field changing over the next five to ten years?
20. What are the greatest rewards and toughest demands of your job?
21. What advice would you give to someone trying to break into the field?
22. How can I market myself effectively for a position in this field?
23. How do people usually learn about job openings in your field?
24. Do you know of anyone else with whom it might be helpful for me to speak?

Illegal Questions During an Interview

Discrimination on the basis of race, age, color, sex, religion, national origin or disability is illegal.
The best way to avoid intentional discrimination is to answer the question behind each discriminatory
question. If you recognize the illegal question, usually you can address the bias behind it without
confronting the interviewer. Here are some examples:
Subject Illegal Question Turn the Question Around
Citizenship/ Birthplace/ Nationality Where were you born? What is your citizen-ship?
Are you asking...
...if I am able to provide legal documentation of my ability to work in the U.S.?
Arrest Record Have you ever been arrested? ...if I have ever been con-victed?
Marital Status/ Dependents What is the number/age of your dependents?
...if I am able to work over-time?
...if I would have commitment to this position?
Pregnancy-related Issues Questions about childbearing/pregnancy.
...if I am able to work over-time?
...if I would have commitment to this position?
Medical Condition What is your general state of health?
...if I feel there are any functions of this job I could not complete?
Maiden Name What is your maiden name?
...if I have ever used a different name?
Age How old are you?
When did you graduate from high school?
...how many years of experience I have in accounting?
...if my degree can be verified?
Residence Who do you live with? Do you rent/own?
...how long my commute will be:
...how long I intend to stay in the area?
Disabilities Are you deaf? Are you blind?
...if I require any accommo-dations?

Inappropriate Questions in an Interview

During an interview, you expect and are prepared to answer questions related to your skills,
qualifications and interests in a position. Consequently, it may be very uncomfortable to be asked a
question about your personal life, marriage plans or family planning during an interview. Questions
about personal matters may not be illegal per se, but employers risk violating Equal Employment
Opportunity laws by broaching certain topics. Laws prohibit employers from discriminating in hiring on
the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, ancestry, age or handicap. However, the laws do not
specifically indicate questions that cannot be asked.
How Should You Respond if You are Asked an Inappropriate Question? In an article in the National
Business Employment Weekly, James M. Jenks suggests three alternatives on how to respond when you
feel the interviewer has asked an improper question.
1. You Can Refuse to Answer - tell the employer you think the question is improper. Using this response
may make you feel better, but chances are you will not get the job.
2. You Can Answer the Question Asked - swallow your pride to stay in the running for the job.
3. You Can Answer the Legitimate Concern of the Employer - ignore the improper question itself, and
respond instead to the concern underlying the question.
The third choice allows you to present yourself in a positive manner and control the way you answer the
question. You might want to rephrase the question or simply ignore it and answer the issue behind the
question. If you feel there are sensitive areas for you, be prepared to answer them before going for the
interview.

Interview Etiquette
Most of the following information should be a review of what you already know about interviewing tips
and techniques. It is intended to reflect some helpful hints from our experience of where candidates can,
and occasionally do, fall down.

Interview Do’s:
• Be friendly and respectful to everyone; receptionists are often vocal about their opinions.
• Deliver a firm handshake.
• Make eye contact.
• Look sharp and professional.
• Send thank you notes. Have someone proof your thank you notes for any grammatical or spelling
errors.

Interview Don’ts:
• Wear excessive or flashy jewelry.
• Wear heavy makeup.
• Chew gum.
• Wear cologne or perfume.
• Comment on sensitive subjects (i.e., politics).
• Use negative body language.
• Cover your mouth when you talk.
• Cross your arms in front of you.
Women: Evaluate your hemlines and blouse styles; it is best to be very conservative.

You must prepare for an interview!

The job interview is where you can assess a company and it is where you have to sell yourself and your
skills. This requires the use of an effective job interview technique.
Your goal in an Interview
The interview is your chance to communicate your ability and skills directly to the potential employer.
An interview is an opportunity for both parties to get to know each other and to determine if there is
potential for a match. Because interviewing is a skill, anyone can learn to interview effectively. Most
people find interviewing to be a terrifying prospect. Remember that the key to a successful interview is
preparation and careful listening.

Important Do’s and Don’ts

The Master Interviewer contains a more complete list, but these are some of the most important ones.
DO
• Arrive 10 minutes early.
• Greet the interviewer with a warm, confident “Hello” and a firm handshake.
• Be well rested.
• Dress and groom yourself with perfection (Appropriate business attire, make-up, deodorant).
• Maintain good posture.
• Emphasize positive things about yourself.

DO NOT
• Bring a friend or relative with you.
• Arrive late.
• Ask about the salary unless the interviewer brings it up.
• Speak negatively about a former employer or past co-workers.
• Smoke, even if the interviewer does and offers you a cigarette. Do not chew gum.
• Answer with a simple “yes” or “no.” Explain whenever possible.

Describe those things about yourself that relate to the situation.

Conclusion
 The Master Interviewer will ask you, How much stress can you manage? And then will put it all in
perspective. The high point of any job search campaign is landing the job interview. However, the job
interview can also be a very stressful situation. Will you say the right thing? Will you look appropriate?
Will the interviewer like you and be impressed with your qualifications? Will you trip over your own two
feet walking in the door?
Effective interviewing is a skill, not an art. YOU can gain that skill. It takes research, alertness and
practice to be effective in an interview. The job interview is too important to do a mediocre job. Be
prepared!

Before the Interview

These are the basics.
Make sure your hair is neat - get a haircut if possible. Dress in conservative business attire, composed of a
dark suit, polished shoes,
white shirt or blouse, and, for men, a conservative tie. All clothes should be neat clean and pressed.
Avoid excessive jewelry, makeup, cologne or perfume.
Learn pertinent facts about the company such as annual sales revenue, principal lines of business and
locations. Know yourself and know your resume and be able to easily provide examples of your selling
points, skills, values, and strengths.

During the Interview

During the interview, sit up straight in the chair or lean forward slightly and DO NOT slouch! Establish
yourself as a self confident and assertive person without being confrontational, cocky or aggressive.
Remember to be yourself but to also present a professional, polished version of yourself. Answer job
interview questions directly. Be confident without being arrogant. At the same time, admit to your
weaknesses if they are brought up, but do not bring them up. Instead, concentrate on your strengths.
Demonstrate energy, determination, enthusiasm, motivation and passion for your work.Prove that you
are genuinely interested in the company by showing that you have researched the organization. You
should always ask the interviewer a few good questions.

Answering Interview Questions

Answer tough interview questions honestly and completely - but be wary. Do not dwell on negatives and
you should avoid mentioning them. Sell yourself on your true capabilities and qualifications without
exaggerating your abilities. If you are asked a technical question and you do not know the answer, do not
bluff. If your bluff fails, your candidacy will be seriously threatened. Instead, say “I do not know the
answer, but if I were to venture an educated guess I would say...”. Never speak negatively about another
person or company. The Master Interviewer contains a complete list of questions to prepare for including
some of the most difficult questions you can be asked and the appropriate responses.

Asking questions
The questions that you ask are just as critical as the responses that you give. Asking thoughtful questions
demonstrates your intelligence, common sense and your interest in the position to the employer. By
posing good questions to an interviewer, you will gain additional useful information about the
opportunity. Concentrate on the broad view of the company and on specific details about the position at
hand. Focus on four areas during your job interview: the company, the job opportunity, the interviewer
and the closing. The Master Interviewer gives specific and insightful questions you can ask in each of
these four areas.

After the Interview

Keep them interested. After the interview, you should send a short thank you letter to refresh the
employer’s memory of your candidacy and to reaffirm your interest in the position. Allow the employer
five to ten days to contact you after receiving your letter. If you still have not heard from an employer,
you should follow up with a phone call.

The Employer’s Point of View

Practice interviewing. Have a friend ask you questions that you may encounter during an interview. If
you have a VCR, videotape your mock interview and try and identify any of your negative factors, traits,
habits, and actions. The Master Interviewer, contains a full list of these negative factors evaluated by an
interviewer that you should look to avoid.
Knowing Yourself
• Know what you are marketing! The focus of the interview is on you, so be ready to articulate
your interests, skills, and abilities. Be able to expand on any item on your résumé.
• Review the job description and create your own list of skills. You may find it helpful to conduct
an informational interview with someone who is currently working at or who has knowledge of the
position. Use our alumni connection, this is a great resource for this type of information.
• Once you have determined a list of appropriate skills, use your resume as a guide and check off
things that you believe prepared you for the position. Employers like to see concrete examples that show
transferable skills. You should be able to relay examples from your coursework, extracurricular
activities, and/or work experiences (paid or volunteer).
• If possible, prepare a portfolio of your better projects. This is valuable for those seeking a career
in the visual arts or a writing career; examples of works are often requested. Computer Science students
also may find it helpful to prepare a portfolio of programming projects which show a degree of
proficiency with different languages. A word of caution though, use visual aids only as a supplement to
your explanations, and only when it seems appropriate.

Knowing the Organization

• Your preparation shouldn’t focus only on you; thoroughly research the organization. Be
familiar with the company’s history, products, geographic locations and plans for growth. Learn if the
company is a parent company of any subsidiaries. Much of this information can be gleaned by reviewing
recruitment literature or corporate literature such as 10K or annual reports. Check the career resource
library in the Trustee Center to see if information is on file
• If the information is not readily available, don’t feel that you have to be a sleuth to obtain it. It
is appropriate for you to call and ask for materials to be sent to you (e.g., brochures, job descriptions,
recruitment literature). Don’t hesitate to call the company and request information. A corporate
communication office is a great source for information. However, don’t limit yourself to company
glitter; go to your library and check other sources, periodicals, etc. Alumni networks can again play an
important role, particularly if an alumna/us is working for the company.
• Once your research is finished, draw up a list of four or five questions about the company or
position that are not immediately addressed in the company’s literature.

Practice!
The list of questions provided in this handout are frequently asked in an interview; review them and
spend time thinking through your responses. Schedule a time with a career counselor for a mock
interview so you can get an objective opinion on your performance.

Guidelines to a successful Informational Interview

• Make initial contact with the person through a letter and then follow-up with a phone call to
schedule a time for the interview.
• Dress professionally and be on time for the interview. If you can’t make the appointment call
and reschedule.
• Don’t keep the interview going longer than the employer agreed to unless he/she seems willing
to continue.
• Always send a thank-you letter promptly after the interview.

Interview Questions
The questions below were compiled from a survey of 242 well-known companies and published in The
Northwestern Lindquist-Endicott Report, by Victor R. Lindquist, Northwestern University Placement
Center, Evanston, Illinois. They are used here with permission. The questions are topics an employer
might ask you. Remember, an interview is not like an exam; there are no right or wrong answers to
questions. Relate answers to the position you are seeking and to strengths you possess.
1. Tell me about yourself.
2. Why did you choose [Hartwick] College and how did you arrive at this decision?
3. What factors did you consider in choosing your major?
4. Of the courses you have had at college which courses have you enjoyed the most?
5. Describe how your favorite course has contributed to your career interests.
6. What is your GPA? How do you feel about it? Does it reflect your abilities?
7. Since you have been at college, what have you done that you are proudest of?
8. How have you changed personally since starting college?
9. What has been your greatest challenge?
10. If you could change a decision you made while at college what would you change and why?
11. Why did you choose the involvements you did? What did you gain? What did you contribute?
12. Describe a leadership role you had and tell why you committed your time to it.
13. In a particular leadership role you had, what was your greatest challenge?
14. Give me an example of an idea that has come to you and what you did with it.
15. Give me an example of a problem you solved and the process you used.
16. Give me an example of the most creative project that you have worked on.
17. What work experiences have been most valuable to you and why?
18. Tell me about a project you initiated.
19. Describe the project or situation that best demonstrates your analytical abilities.
20. Since attending college, what is the toughest decision that you have had to mak
21. What have the experiences on your résumé taught you about managing and workingwith people?
22. How have your educational and work experiences prepared you for this position?
23. What types of situations put you under pressure, and how do you deal with pressure?
24. Give me a situation in which you failed, and how you handled it.
25. Why are you interested in our organization?
26. Where do you think your interest in this career comes from?
27. What industry besides this one are you looking into?
28. What interests you about this job?
29. What challenges are you looking for in a position?
30. What makes you think you can handle this position?
31. What can you contribute to this company?
32. Why should my company be interested in you?
33. What goals have you set for yourself? How are you planning to achieve them?
34. What is your most significant accomplishment to date?
35. To what do you owe your present success?
36. What motivates you?
37. If I asked the people who know you well to describe you, what three words would they use?
38. If I asked the people you know for one reason why I shouldn’t hire you what would they say?
39. Of the hobbies and interests listed on your résumé what is your favorite and tell me why.
40. When you take on a project do you like to attack the project in a group of individually?
41. What are your team-player qualities? Give examples.
42. Tell me about a team project of which you are particularly proud and your contribution.
43. Describe a situation where you worked with someone who was difficult?
44. How did you handle the situation?
45. What type of work environment appeals to you most?
46. What characteristics do you think are important for this position?
47. Why do you feel that this company will be a career for you rather than a job?
48. Name two management skills that you think you have.
49. What characteristics are most important in a good manager? How have you displayed one of them?
50. We are looking at a lot of great candidates; why are you the best person for this position?