POZAR chapter 14: RF MICROWAVE SYSTEMS. Exercise 11 __ 12/11/2020 16:13:40.

EXAMPLE 14.11
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Spectrum is not air space, but when it comes to its regulation, at least as an introductory point for new readers, it's convenient to understand that
regulators think as it is were airspace.

After all, such is the way that governments all over the world treat it; self assigning complete and absolute righteous property, telling every one how to use
it, overpricing it as often and as high as sheer capitalism allows, and yet, in a similar way that middle-ages monarchs used to claim 'all this land is mine,
along with all subjects in it' without really knowing extend, actual size, even actually controlling large portions or having even counted 'the subjects', not
once.

So, regarding (Radio? microwave? optical?) wireless Spectrum although regulators tell every one how to use Spectrum, like with flying platforms, there's a
lot of room according to distance, speed, altitude and size of the flying platform.

Frequency Spectrum has plenty of 'room' if platforms use the right frequency, power, antennas, modulation .. as long as not crashing or annoying anyone
else.

The UK Government, through Ofcom publishes the Frequency Allocation Table that as by November 2020 seems to cover [0 8.215] THz, one can guess
that some military bands are already above the upper limit.

However, the same way that the overwhelming majority of stored data that at one time or another flows through different networks, sometimes using
wireless channels is held in a really short list of locations, and one would dare to say within really small physical areas, wireless traffic, the one people pay
for, is channelled through really narrow frequency bands, terribly simplified, a bit obsolete, depending upon country and region, yet making the point in
[POZAR] table 14.2 .

We may each one of us have personal data stored in personal devices, but the dawn of mass data virtualisation and the need for governments and
multinationals to access and process data in real time has come to the point that most of key details, at one time or another, are copied and more or less
periodically updated to really centralised data pools.

[1] excerpt attached to this note (a few starting tables, chapter 4 and bit of 5) clarifies basic concepts that mobile communications engineers start with at
postgraduate level.
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POZAR chapter 14: RF MICROWAVE SYSTEMS. Exercise 11 __ 12/11/2020 16:13:40.

Mastdata [2] and Cellmaper [3], besides asking particular mobile wireless operators, are popular website to find base stations locations operated by
licensed companies like inUK: BT, EE, Vodafone, O2 - Telefonica, 3 - Hutchison ..

pozar_14_exercise_11.m

c0=299792458 % [m/s] light speed c0 =

k_boltz=1.380649e-23 % [J/K] Boltzmann constant 299792458
=1.380649e-23 % [J/K] Boltzmann constant k_boltz =
T0=290 % [kelvin] receiver 1.380649000000000e-23
T0 =
f1=935e6 % [Hz] start band 290
f2=960e6 % [Hz] stop band f1 =
935000000
f0=.5*(f1+f2) f2 =
lambda0=c0/f0 960000000
f0 =
BW=2e5 % [Hz] 947500000
lambda0 =
EIRP=20 % [W] EIRP=Pt*Gt 0.316403649604222
BW =
Gr_dB=0 % [dB] receiver antenna gain, null 200000
Gr=10^(Gr_dB/10) EIRP =
20
Ta=450 % [kelvin] receiver antenna noise temperature Gr_dB =
0
NF_dB=8 % [dB] receiver noise factor Gr =
NF=10^(NF_dB/10) 1
Ta =
SNRmin_dB=10 % [dB] min required SNR 450
SNRmin=10^(SNRmin_dB/10) NF_dB =
8
LM_dB=30 % [dB] Link Margin to cover worst urban case NF =
6.309573444801933
%% SNRmin_dB =
10
Tr=(NF-1)*T0 SNRmin =
10
Tsys=Ta+Tr LM_dB =
30
N0=k_boltz*Tsys*BW
N0_dBm=10*log10(N0)+30

S0_dBm=SNRmin_dB+ N0_dBm+LM_dB
S0=10^((S0_dBm-30)/10)

Rmax=(EIRP*Gr*lambda0^2/((4*pi)^2*S0))^.5

And the resulting Rmax is

Tr=(NF-1)*T0 Tr =
1.539776298992561e+03
Tsys=Ta+Tr Tsys =
1.989776298992561e+03
N0=k_boltz*Tsys*BW N0 =
5.494365314855560e-15
N0_dBm=10*log10(N0)+30 N0_dBm =
-1.126008246814963e+02

S0_dBm=SNRmin_dB+ N0_dBm+LM_dB S0_dBm =

-72.600824681496334
S0=10^((S0_dBm-30)/10) S0 =
5.494365314855570e-11

Rmax=(EIRP*Gr*lambda0^2/((4*pi)^2*S0))^.5 Rmax =
1.519105206344079e+04

As explained in [1] this Rmax is really optimistic.

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POZAR chapter 14: RF MICROWAVE SYSTEMS. Exercise 11 __ 12/11/2020 16:13:40.

Rappaport example field measurements

On reading attached sample of [1] one realises that for such small size, mobile phone are brave devices negotiating link budgets in real time, and above
(including) 3G holding simultaneous locations to multiple base stations, all to secure data rate and Quality of Service for applications to avoid faltering a
single time; in markets where services are offered by multiple vendors and operators competing against each other, customer loyalty is hard to win, but
way to easy to lose.

Increasing Rmax wrapping square root factor to a more punitive number than 2, reduces Rmax as one way to get propagation and coverage forecasts a
lot closer to reality.

[4] Mobile Operators Coverage MATLAB Example

Mobile phones are Software Defined Radios [5].

Some time ago I answered a question in Mathworks forum regarding what set of spectrum analysis equipment one could consider purchasing to gain
insight into how base stations manage spectrum. The question originator had in mind the kind of desktop expensive spectrum analysis that used be racked
in a van, consuming power space and often requiring more than one operator (don't talk to the driver safety basics still apply).

The answer was simple: Mobile phones do it all for you. It used to be a mobile phone plus a lap top and now it's just a smart phone.
With a user SIM card you have limited access, yet that are some application that display many key parameters. Or get a network maintenance for a wireless
network operator and with a service SIM card, and the mobile phone tells everything that the Base Station has to say.

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POZAR chapter 14: RF MICROWAVE SYSTEMS. Exercise 11 __ 12/11/2020 16:13:40.

References

[1]

Wireless Communications , Principles and Practice.

Author : T. Rappaport
ed: Prentice Hall

[2] Mastdata

https://www.mastdata.com/

[3] Cellmapper

https://www.cellmapper.net/map?MCC=235&MNC=88&type=LTE&latitude=53.73206405429232&longitude=-
4.051747059815168&zoom=6.439778160527346&showTowers=true&showTowerLabels=true&clusterEnabled=true&tilesEnabled=true&showOrphans=false
&showNoFrequencyOnly=false&showFrequencyOnly=false&showBandwidthOnly=false&DateFilterType=None&showHex=false&showVerifiedOnly=false&sho
wUnverifiedOnly=false&showLTECAOnly=false&showENDCOnly=false&showBand=0&showSectorColours=true

[4] Mobile Operators Coverage MATLAB Example

[5] Software Defined Radio Enabling Technologies

author: W. Tuttlebee.
ed: JWiley

copy different version of SDR block diagrams

search literature UoSurrey K.Mössner

[6] THz communications module at the University of Zürich

227-0455-00L Terahertz: Technology & Applications

Semester Spring Semester 2019

Lecturers K. Sankaran

Periodicity yearly recurring course

Language of instruction English

http://www.vvz.ethz.ch/Vorlesungsverzeichnis/lerneinheit.view?semkez=2019S&ansicht=ALLE&lerneinheitId=127148&lang=en

[7]

https://uk.mathworks.com/videos/lte-hdl-toolbox-cell-search-and-mib-recovery-reference-application-1504213994452.html

[8] Over-The-Air Testing with MATLAB:

https://uk.mathworks.com/videos/5gltewlan-waveform-generation-simulation-measurement-and-over-the-air-testing-within-matlab-117661.html

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POZAR chapter 14: RF MICROWAVE SYSTEMS. Exercise 11 __ 12/11/2020 16:13:40.

[9]

https://uk.mathworks.com/help/lte/examples/lte-receiver-using-zynq-based-software-defined-radio-sdr.html

[10]

https://uk.mathworks.com/help/lte/index.html

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POZAR chapter 14: RF MICROWAVE SYSTEMS. Exercise 11 __ 12/11/2020 16:13:40.

Where is the whole collection of exercises?

This exercise is part of the collection of exercises Microwave Engineering POZAR 4th ed solved with MATLAB available in this website:
https://jgb2012.wixsite.com/microwave-eng-matlab

How can one get the main literature reference?

For instance from:

https://www.amazon.co.uk/Microwave-Engineering-David-M-Pozar/dp/0470631554

What about the solutions manual?

It's freely available https://www.scribd.com/doc/176505749/Microwave-engineering-pozar-4th-Ed-solutions-manual

For educational purposes only: https://www.copyrightuser.org/understand/exceptions/education/

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