EXERCÍCIOS M1 Anatolie Sochirca ACM DEETC ISEL

Cálculo de integrais indefinidos. Integração por substituição.

Seja u ( x) : I → J e f (t ) : J → R .

Se as funções f (t ) , u ( x) e u ′(x) são continuas e

∫ f (t ) ⋅ d t = F (t ) + C ,
então
∫ f (u( x)) ⋅ u ′( x) ⋅ d x = F (u( x)) + C .

∫x ⋅ (2 x − 1) 7 ⋅ d x .
2
►1)

Substituição: 2 x −1 = t .
′
t +1  t +1  t +1 1
Então 2 x − 1 = t e dx = d
⇔ x= =
   ⋅dt = ⋅dt .
2  2   2  2
Substituindo no integral temos:

 t + 1 7 1 t 2 + 2t + 1 7 1
2

∫ ⋅ − ⋅ = ∫  2  ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ = ∫ 4 ⋅ t ⋅ 2 ⋅ dt=
2 7
x ( 2 x 1) d x t d t
2

=
1
8
( ) 1
(
⋅ ∫ t 2 + 2t + 1 ⋅ t 7 ⋅ d t = ⋅ ∫ t 9 + 2 ⋅ t 8 + t 7 ⋅ d t =
8
)
1 1 1 1 2 1
= ⋅ ∫t9 ⋅ dt + ⋅ ∫ 2 ⋅t8 ⋅ dt + ⋅ ∫t7 ⋅ dt = ⋅ ∫t9 ⋅ dt + ⋅ ∫t8 ⋅ dt + ⋅ ∫t 7 ⋅ dt =
8 8 8 8 8 8

1 t 9+1 1 t 8+1 1 t 7 +1 1 10 1 9 1 8
= ⋅ + ⋅ + ⋅ +C = ⋅t + ⋅t + ⋅t + C =
8 9 +1 4 8 +1 8 7 +1 80 36 64

Passamos para a variável x , isto é, efectuamos a substituição t = 2 x − 1 e obtemos,

1 1 1
= ⋅ (2 x − 1) 10 + ⋅ (2 x − 1) 9 + ⋅ (2 x − 1) 8 + C . ■
80 36 64

2 + 3x
►2) ∫ 2⋅ x +4
⋅dx .

Substituição: 2 ⋅ x + 4 = t .
t−4 t −4
2

Então 2 ⋅ x + 4 = t ⇔ x= ⇔ x= 
2  2 

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EXERCÍCIOS M1 Anatolie Sochirca ACM DEETC ISEL

′
t −4
2
 t − 4 2  t −4 1 t−4
e dx = d  =     ⋅ d t = 2 ⋅  ⋅ ⋅dt = ⋅dt.
 2    2    2  2 2
Substituindo no integral temos:

t −4
2
t 2 − 8 ⋅ t + 16
 
2 + 3x  2  t−4 4 t −4
∫ 2 ⋅ x + 4 ⋅ d x = ∫ t ⋅ 2 ⋅ dt = ∫ t
⋅
2
⋅ dt =

=∫
t 2 − 8 ⋅ t + 16 t − 4
⋅ ⋅ dt = ∫
(
t 2 − 8 ⋅ t + 16 ⋅ (t − 4)
⋅ dt =
)
4⋅t 2 8⋅t

t 3 − 4 ⋅ t 2 − 8 ⋅ t 2 + 32 ⋅ t + 16 ⋅ t − 64 t 3 − 12 ⋅ t 2 + 48 ⋅ t − 64
=∫ ⋅ dt = ∫ ⋅ dt =
8⋅t 8⋅t

t3 12 ⋅ t 2 48 ⋅ t 64
=∫ ⋅ dt − ∫ ⋅ dt + ∫ ⋅ dt − ∫ ⋅ dt =
8⋅t 8⋅t 8⋅t 8⋅t

1 3 1
= ⋅ ∫t2 ⋅dt − ⋅ ∫t ⋅dt + 6⋅ ∫ dt − 8⋅ ∫ ⋅dt =
8 2 t

1 t 2 +1 3 t 1+1 1 3 3 2
= ⋅ − ⋅ + 6 ⋅ t − 8 ⋅ ln t + C = ⋅ t − ⋅ t + 6 ⋅ t − 8 ⋅ ln t + C =
8 2 +1 2 1+1 24 4

Passamos para a variável x , isto é, efectuamos a substituição t = 2 ⋅ x + 4 e obtemos,

=
1
24
(
⋅ 2⋅ x + 4 ) 3
−
3
4
(
⋅ 2⋅ x + 4 ) 2
( )
+ 6 ⋅ 2 ⋅ x + 4 − 8 ⋅ ln 2 ⋅ x + 4 + C . ■

►3) ∫
ln 3 ⋅ x2( )
⋅ d x =∫
ln 3 + ln x2
⋅dx = ∫
( )
ln 3 + 2 ⋅ ln x
⋅dx =
x ⋅ ln 4 ⋅ x 2
( )
x ⋅ ln 4 + ln x 2
( ( ))
x ⋅ (l n 4 + 2 ⋅ l n x )

Substituição: l n x = t .
Então l n x = t ⇔ x = e t e d x = d e t = e t ⋅ d t . ( )
Substituindo no último integral temos:

ln 3 + 2 ⋅ t ln 3 + 2 ⋅ t ln 4 − ln 4 + ln 3 + 2 ⋅ t
=∫ ⋅ e t ⋅ dt = ∫ ⋅ dt = ∫ ⋅ dt =
e ⋅ (l n 4 + 2 ⋅ t )
t
ln 4 + 2 ⋅ t ln 4 + 2 ⋅ t

 3 
 ln   
ln 4 + 2 ⋅ t + ln 3 − ln 4  ln 4 + 2 ⋅ t ln 3 − ln 4   4   ⋅ dt =
=∫ ⋅ d t = ∫  +  ⋅ d t = ∫ 1 +
ln 4 + 2 ⋅ t  ln 4 + 2 ⋅ t ln 4 + 2 ⋅ t   ln 4 + 2 ⋅ t 
 
 

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EXERCÍCIOS M1 Anatolie Sochirca ACM DEETC ISEL

3 1 1 3 2
= ∫ dt + ln   ⋅ ∫ ⋅ dt = ∫ dt + ⋅ ln   ⋅ ∫ ⋅ dt =
 4  ln 4 + 2 ⋅ t 2  4  ln 4 + 2 ⋅ t

1 3 d (2 ⋅ t ) 1  3  d (l n 4 + 2 ⋅ t )
= ∫ dt + ⋅ ln  ⋅ ∫ = ∫ dt + ⋅ ln   ⋅ ∫ =
2  4  ln 4 + 2 ⋅ t 2 4 ln 4 + 2 ⋅ t

1 3
= t + ⋅ ln   ⋅ln ln 4 + 2 ⋅t + C =
2 4

Passamos para a variável x , isto é, efectuamos a substituição t = l n x e obtemos,

1
1 3 3 2
= ln x + ⋅ ln   ⋅ ln ln 4 + 2 ⋅ ln x + C = ln x + ln   ⋅ ln ln 4 + ln x 2 + C = ( )
2 4 4

 3
= l n x + l n 
2
(
 ⋅ ln ln 4 ⋅ x 2 + C .
 ) ■
 

e 3⋅ x + 2 ⋅ e x + 2
►4) ∫ e x +1
⋅dx .

Substituição: e x +1 = t .
Então e x +1 = t
⇔ e x +1 = t 2 ⇔ e x = t 2 −1 ⇔ x = ln t 2 −1 ( )
′ 2⋅t
( ( )) ( (
e d x = d ln t 2 −1 = ln t 2 −1 ⋅ d t = 2
t −1
⋅d t; ))
3 3
e 3⋅ x = e x = t 2 − 1 . ( ) ( )
Substituindo no integral temos:

e 3⋅ x + 2 ⋅ e x + 2 (t 2
) 3
(
−1 + 2 ⋅ t 2 −1 + 2 2 ⋅ t )
∫ e +1 x
⋅ d x= ∫
t
⋅ 2
t −1
⋅ d t=

= 2⋅∫
(t 2 3
) (
−1 + 2 ⋅ t 2 −1 + 2 )  t 2 −1 3 2 ⋅ t 2 −1
 (
2  ) ( )
t 2 −1
⋅ d t = 2 ⋅ ∫  t 2 −1 +
t 2 −1
+
t 2 − 1 
⋅ d t=


( ) 2
= 2 ⋅ ∫ t 2 −1 ⋅ d t + 4 ⋅ ∫ d t + 4 ⋅ ∫
1
⋅dt =
t −1
2

( )
= 2 ⋅ ∫ t 4 − 2 ⋅t 2 +1 ⋅ d t + 4 ⋅ ∫ d t + 4 ⋅ ∫
1
t −12
⋅d t =

1
= 2⋅ ∫t4 ⋅d t − 4⋅ ∫t 2 ⋅d t + 2⋅ ∫d t + 4⋅ ∫d t + 4⋅ ∫ ⋅dt =
t −1
2

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EXERCÍCIOS M1 Anatolie Sochirca ACM DEETC ISEL

1
= 2⋅ ∫t4 ⋅d t − 4⋅ ∫t 2 ⋅d t + 6⋅ ∫d t + 4⋅ ∫ ⋅dt =
t −1
2

t 4+1 t 2+1 1 t −1
= 2⋅ − 4⋅ + 6 ⋅ t + 4 ⋅ ⋅ ln +C =
4 +1 2 +1 2 t +1

2 5 4 3 t −1
= ⋅ t − ⋅ t + 6 ⋅ t + 2 ⋅ ln +C =
5 3 t +1

Passamos para a variável x , isto é, efectuamos a substituição t = e x + 1 e obtemos,

=
2
5
⋅ (e x
+1 ) 5 4
− ⋅
3
(e x
+1 ) 3
+ 6 ⋅ e x +1 + 2 ⋅ ln
e x +1 −1
e x +1 +1
+C . ■

sen 5 x
►5) ∫ 3
c os 2 x
⋅dx .

Substituição: 3
c os 2 x = t .
2 3
 32 
Então c os x = t ⇔ cos x = t ⇔ cos x = t
3 2 3
⇔ x = a rccos  t  ,
2

 
1 1
′ 3 2
⋅ t
3 2
⋅ t
  3    3 
d x = d  a rcc os  t 2   =  a rcc os  t 2   ⋅ d t = − 2 ⋅dt = − 2 ⋅dt .
    2
− 3
          3 1 t
1 −  t 2 
 

2
 32 
senx = 1 − cos x 2
⇔ senx = 1 −  t  ⇔ senx = 1 − t 3
 

Substituindo no integral temos:

 3 12 

∫
sen 5 x
⋅dx = ∫
( 1− t ) 3
5 
 2
⋅t 
 ⋅ dt = − 3 ⋅ ( 1− t ) ⋅ dt =
3
4

2 ∫
⋅ −
3
c os 2 x t  1− t3  1

  t 2
 

3 1− t3
= − ⋅∫
( ) 2
3 1− 2⋅t3 + t6
⋅ dt = − ⋅ ∫ ⋅ dt =
1 1
2 2
t2 t2

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EXERCÍCIOS M1 Anatolie Sochirca ACM DEETC ISEL

3  − 
1 5 11 1 5 11
3 − 3
= − ⋅ ∫  t 2 − 2 ⋅ t 2 + t 2  ⋅ dt = − ⋅ ∫t 2 ⋅ dt + 3⋅ ∫t 2 ⋅ dt − ⋅ ∫t 2 ⋅ dt =

2   2 2

1 5 11 1 7 13
− +1 +1 +1
3 t 2 t 2 3 t 2 3 t 2 t 2 3 t 2
=− ⋅ + 3⋅ − ⋅ +C = − ⋅ + 3⋅ − ⋅ +C =
2 1 5 2 11 2 1 7 2 13
− +1 +1 +1
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 7 13
6 3
= −3 ⋅ t 2
+ ⋅t 2
− ⋅t 2
+C =
7 13
2

Passamos para a variável x , isto é, efectuamos a substituição t = cos x = (c os x) 3 2 3

e
obtemos,
1 7 13
 2
 2
6 
2
 2
3 
2
 2
= −3 ⋅  (c os x) 3  + ⋅  (cos x) 3  − ⋅  (c os x) 3  +C =
  7   13  

1 7 13
6 3
= −3 ⋅ (c os x) 3 + ⋅ (cos x) 3 − ⋅ (c os x) 3
+C. ■
7 13

x
►6) ∫x 2
+ 10 x + 29
⋅dx .

x x x
∫x 2
+ 10 x + 29
⋅dx = ∫ 2
x + 10 x + 25 + 4
⋅dx = ∫
( x + 5) 2 + 4
⋅dx =

Substituição: x + 5 = t .
′
Então x = t − 5 , d x = d (t − 5) = (t − 5) ⋅ d t = d t e na continuação temos:

t −5  t 5  t 5
=∫ ⋅ dt = ∫ 2 − 2  ⋅ dt = ∫ 2 ⋅ dt − ∫ 2 ⋅ dt =
t +4
2
t + 4 t + 4 t +4 t +4

1 2⋅t 1 1 d(t 2) 1
= ⋅∫ 2 ⋅ dt − 5⋅ ∫ 2 ⋅ dt = ⋅ ∫ 2 − 5⋅ ∫ 2 ⋅ dt =
2 t +4 t +4 2 t +4 t +4

1 d(t 2 + 4) 1 1 1 t
= ⋅∫ 2 −5⋅ ∫ 2 ⋅ d t = ⋅ l n t 2 + 4 + ⋅ arctg   + C =
2 t +4 t +2 2
2 2 2

Passamos para a variável x , isto é, efectuamos a substituição t = x + 5 e obtemos,

1 1  x +5
= ⋅ l n ( x + 5) 2 + 4 + ⋅ arctg  +C =
2 2  2 
1 1  x +5
= ⋅ l n x 2 + 10 x + 29 + ⋅ arctg  +C . ■
2 2  2 

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EXERCÍCIOS M1 Anatolie Sochirca ACM DEETC ISEL

1
►7) ∫ x⋅ 4x + 1
⋅dx .

Substituição: 4x + 1 = t .

t 2 −1
Então 4x + 1 = t ⇔ 4x + 1 = t 2 ⇔ 4x = t 2 − 1 ⇔ x= ,
4
′
 t 2 −1  t 2 −1 1
d x = d   =   ⋅ d t = ⋅ t ⋅ d t .
 4   4  2

Substituindo no integral temos:

1 1 1 2  1 1 
∫ x⋅ 4x + 1
⋅dx = ∫
t −1
2
⋅ ⋅t ⋅d t = ∫ 2
2 t −1
⋅d t = ∫ − ⋅d t =
 t −1 t + 1
⋅t
4

1 1 t −1
= ∫t −1 ⋅ dt − ∫t +1 ⋅ d t = ln t − 1 − ln t + 1 + C = ln
t +1
+C =

Passamos para a variável x , isto é, efectuamos a substituição t = 4 x + 1 e obtemos,

4x + 1 − 1
= ln +C . ■
4x + 1 + 1

x
►8) ∫ 4⋅ x 2
− 12 ⋅ x + 10
⋅dx .

x x x
∫ 4⋅ x 2
− 12 ⋅ x + 10
⋅dx = ∫
( 2 ⋅ x ) − 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ ( 2 ⋅ x) + 9 + 1
2
⋅dx = ∫
(2 ⋅ x − 3) 2 + 1
⋅dx =

Substituição: 2 ⋅ x − 3 = t .
′
t +3 t + 3 t + 3 1
Então x = , dx = d =
   ⋅ d t = ⋅ d t e na continuação temos:
2  2   2  2
t +3
1 1 t +3 1 t 1 3
= ∫ 22 ⋅ ⋅ dt = ⋅ ∫ 2 ⋅ dt = ⋅ ∫ 2 ⋅ dt + ⋅ ∫ 2 ⋅ dt =
t +1 2 4 t +1 4 t +1 4 t +1

2⋅t
=
1
⋅∫ 2
8 t +1
3
⋅ dt + ⋅ ∫ 2
4 t +1
1 1
⋅ dt = ⋅ ∫ 2
8 t +1
1 3
( )
⋅ d t 2 + 1 + ⋅ arctg t + C =
4

1 3
= ⋅ l n t 2 + 1 + ⋅ arctg t + C =
8 4

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EXERCÍCIOS M1 Anatolie Sochirca ACM DEETC ISEL

Passamos para a variável x , isto é, efectuamos a substituição t = 2 ⋅ x − 3 e obtemos,

1 3
= ⋅ l n (2 ⋅ x − 3) 2 + 1 + ⋅ arctg (2 ⋅ x − 3) + C =
8 4

1 3
= ⋅ l n 4 ⋅ x 2 − 12 ⋅ x + 10 + ⋅ arctg (2 ⋅ x − 3) + C . ■
8 4

2⋅ x − 2
►9) ∫ 2⋅ x − 2 2 ⋅ x +5
2
⋅dx .

2⋅ x − 2 2⋅ x − 2
∫ ⋅dx = ∫ ⋅dx =
2⋅ x − 2 2 ⋅ x +5
2
( )2
2 ⋅ x − 2 2 ⋅ x +1+ 4

=∫
2⋅ ( 2 ⋅ x −1 ) ⋅dx =
( 2 ⋅ x −1 ) 2
+4

Substituição: 2 ⋅ x −1 = t .
′
t +1  t +1  t + 1 1
Então x = , dx = d =  ⋅d t = ⋅ d t e na continuação temos:
2  2   2 2

1
⋅2⋅t
2 ⋅t
=∫ ⋅
1
⋅ dt = ∫
t
⋅ dt = ∫ 2 1
⋅ dt = ⋅ ∫
1
( )
⋅d t 2 =
t +42
2 t +4 2
t2 +4 2 t +4
2

( )
1
− +1
1 t2 +4 2
( ) ( ) ( )
1 1
1 −
= ⋅∫ t2 +4 ⋅d t + 4 = ⋅ 2 +C = t 2 +4 2 +C =
2

2 2 1
− +1
2
Passamos para a variável x , isto é, efectuamos a substituição t = 2 ⋅ x − 1 e obtemos,

( 2 ⋅ x − 1) ( )
1 1
=  + 4  + C = 2 ⋅ x 2 − 2 2 ⋅ x + 5
2
+ C = 2 ⋅ x2 − 2 2 ⋅ x + 5 + C .
2 2 ■
 

2⋅ x −8
►10) ∫ 1− x − x2
⋅dx .

2⋅ x −8 2⋅ x −8 2⋅ x −8
∫ 1− x − x2
⋅dx = ∫
(
1− x + x2 )
⋅dx = ∫
 1 1 1
⋅dx =
1−  x2 + 2 ⋅ ⋅ x + − 
 2 4 4

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EXERCÍCIOS M1 Anatolie Sochirca ACM DEETC ISEL

2⋅ x −8 2⋅ x −8
=∫ ⋅dx = ∫ ⋅ d x=
 1 1 1 5  1
2
1−  x2 + 2 ⋅ ⋅ x +  + −x+ 
 2 4 4 4  2

2⋅ x −8 2⋅ x −8
=∫ ⋅dx = ∫ ⋅dx =
5  4  
2 2
1  2   2
 ⋅  x + 1 
 5
⋅ 1− ⋅ x +  ⋅ 1− 
4  5  2   
 2  5   2

2 2⋅ x −8
= ⋅∫ ⋅dx =
2
5  2 1 
1−  ⋅x+
 5 5 


2 1
Substituição: ⋅x+ =t.
5 5
′
5 ⋅ t −1  5 ⋅ t −1  5 ⋅ t −1 5
Então x = , dx = d =  ⋅dt = ⋅d t
2  2   2  2
   
e na continuação temos:

5 ⋅t −1
2⋅ −8 5 5 ⋅ t −1− 8
2 2
= ⋅∫ ⋅ ⋅dt = ∫ ⋅dt =
5 1− t 2 2 1− t 2

5 ⋅t − 9  5 ⋅t 9  5 ⋅t 1
=∫ ⋅d t = ∫ −  ⋅ dt =
∫ ⋅ dt − 9 ⋅ ∫ ⋅ dt =
1− t 2  1− t 2 1− t 2  1 − t 2
1 − t 2
 

t 5 2⋅t
= 5 ⋅∫ ⋅ d t − 9 ⋅ arcsent + C = ⋅∫ ⋅ d t − 9 ⋅ arcsent + C =
1− t 2 2 1− t 2

=
5
⋅∫
1
( )
⋅ d t 2 − 9 ⋅ arcsent + C = −
5
⋅∫
(
d 1− t 2 ) − 9 ⋅ arcsent + C =
2 1− t 2 2 1− t 2

(1 − t )
1
− +1

( ) ( ) − 9 ⋅ arcsent + C = −
1 2
5 − 5 2
=− ⋅ ∫ 1− t 2 2 ⋅ d 1− t 2
⋅ − 9 ⋅ arcsent + C =
2 2 1
− +1
2

( )
1
= − 5 ⋅ 1− t 2 2 − 9 ⋅ arcsent + C =

Passamos para a variável x , isto é, efectuamos a substituição

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EXERCÍCIOS M1 Anatolie Sochirca ACM DEETC ISEL

2 1 2 ⋅ x +1
t= ⋅x+ = e obtemos,
5 5 5

1
  2 ⋅ x + 1   2
2
 2 ⋅ x +1

= − 5 ⋅ 1−   − 9 ⋅ arcsen   +C =
  5    5 
     

1
 4 ⋅ x2 + 4 ⋅ x + 1 2  2 ⋅ x +1
= − 5 ⋅  1 −  − 9 ⋅ arcsen  +C =
 5   5 


1
 5 − 4 ⋅ x2 − 4 ⋅ x −1 2  2 ⋅ x +1
= − 5 ⋅   − 9 ⋅ arcsen  +C =
 5   5 
 

 2 ⋅ x + 1
( )
1
2
=− 5 ⋅ ⋅ 1− x − x2 2 − 9 ⋅ arcsen  +C =
5  5 
 

 2 ⋅ x +1
= −2 ⋅ 1 − x − x 2 − 9 ⋅ arcsen  +C . ■
 5 
 

1
►11) ∫ x⋅ x2 − 2
⋅dx .

1
Substituição: x = .
t
′
1 1 1
Então d x = d   =   ⋅ d t = − 2 ⋅ d t e na continuação temos:
t  t  t

1  1  1  1  1
∫ 2
⋅− 2 ⋅ d t = ∫
 t  1− 2⋅t 2
⋅− 2 ⋅ d t =− ∫
 t  1− 2⋅t2
⋅dt =
1 1 1
⋅
⋅   −2
t t  t t2

=−
1
⋅∫
1
⋅d ( 2 ⋅t = −) 1
⋅ arcsen ( )
2 ⋅t + C =
2 1− ( 2 ⋅t ) 2
2
1
Passamos para a variável x , isto é, efectuamos a substituição t = e obtemos,
x
1  2   2 
=− ⋅ arcsen   + C = 1 ⋅ a rccos  +C . ■
2  x  2  x 
   

9
EXERCÍCIOS M1 Anatolie Sochirca ACM DEETC ISEL

1
►12) ∫e 4⋅ x
+1
⋅dx .

Substituição: x = − l n t .
′
Então d x = d (− l n t ) = (− l n t ) ⋅ d t = − ⋅ d t e na continuação temos:
1
t
1 1  1  1 1 dt
∫ e 4⋅x + 1 ⋅ d x = ∫ e 4⋅(− l n t ) + 1 ⋅  − t ⋅ d t  = −∫ e l n t − 4 + 1 ⋅ t ⋅ d t = −∫ t − 4 + 1 ⋅ t =
( ) ( )

= −∫
dt
= −∫
t 3 ⋅dt 1 4⋅t 3 ⋅ d t 1 d t4 ( )
1 d 1+ t 4 ( )
4 ∫ 1+ t 4 4 ∫1+ t 4 4 ∫ 1+ t 4
= − = − = − =
 1  1+ t 4
 4 + 1 ⋅ t
t 

1
(
= − ⋅ ln 1+ t 4 + C =
4
)
Passamos para a variável x , isto é, efectuamos a substituição t = e − x e obtemos,

1
(
= − ⋅ ln 1+ e − x
4
( ) 4
)+ C = − 14 ⋅ l n (1 + e − 4⋅ x
)+ C . ■

10