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Analisis on Electrical energy from cylindricalbuoy-type sea wave power plant

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Proceeding of The 7th Annual Basic Science International Conference – 2017

Analysis on Electrical Energy from Cylindrical-Buoy-Type Sea

Wave Power Plant Model

Miftahul Ulum1, Wiwiek Hendrowati2

1
Master Program Departemen of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institute of
Technology Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya.
2
Departemen of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institute of Technology
Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, Indonesia. Arif rahman Hakim St. Sukolilo 60111.
1
Phone : 085731000160 Fax 5947213. e-mail : mifta7813@gmail.com1

Abstract – As electrical energy needs keep growing as technology and information advances, so it
is necessary for the existence of renewable energy as a source of electrical energy in the future. One
of them is sea wave energy. In previous studies, it has been discussed about cylindrical buoy type
sea wave power plant with dimensions of length variation of the swing arm and the length of the
buoy to the energy generated. Therefore, this research will discuss about the influence of different
inertia due to the ballast mass-base swing arm distance variation and the generator wire diameter
variation, on the laboratory scaled sea wave power generator, to the generated electrical energy. The
system modeling and numerical simulation are used for getting the generated power results. The
simulation parameter variations arethe ballast mass - base swing arm distance, 7 cm, 15 cmand 23
cm, and the the generator wire diameter, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm. The ballast mass - base swing
arm distancedoes not give the significant effect. Whereas the greater generator wire diameter gives
the higher generated power. The greatest occurson the 0.4 mm wire diameter with value 0.0265 W.
The system has 3% of efficiency. The system with the same mechanism and on the real sea scaled
(1:37) will give 95.97 W generated power with the 0.4 mm wire diameter and 2.9 m average sea
wave height.

1. INTRODUCTION
Sea wave is one of many kinds of renewable energy source. The previous researches inform that the sea energy
has potential to provide the important contribution for future energy needs [1,2]. This kind of energy has been
existed since decades ago, and provided great contribution recently [3,4]. There are three common ways how sea
based energies can be converted to electrical energy, such as sea wave, tide, and flow. Sea wave energy generation
have many kinds of form. One of them is with buoy. The bouy based application can use power transmission to
rotary type permanent magnetic generator with translation to rotation motion gearing mechanism [6]. The previous
researches also effort the maximum result by developing its generator [5,7]. Zulfikar et al estimated the potential
sea wave energyon the Java Sea with 3 m wave height [8]. Made et al simulated cylindrical buoy type sea wave
electric generator with buoy dimension and its arm lengthvariations, and concluded 25 Watt generated energy on
real scale.
This research provides the results of influence of ballast mass addition to the bouy arm and rotary generator wire
diameter not been researched before. The varied ballast mass-buoy arm base distances are 7 cm, 15 cm, and 23
cm. The generator wire diameters are 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.4 mm. The objectives are getting model, simulating
it, and analyzing the generated energy characteristic. This model can be the base for designing and building the
real scaled object.

2. METHODS
The cylindrical buoy type sea wave electrical energy generator is simulated by using 3 main section model
mechanisms, buoy with arm, base shaft, and variation of its ballast mass position-arm base distance; gearset with
1:4 velocity ratio and one way bearing addition; and DC generator with wire diameter variation. The modeling
uses state-variable equation method, then it is applied to numerical software, solved with ODE4 type and time
interval 0,001 sec, and gotten its electrical power output. The model of mechanicalis showing in Figure1.

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Proceeding of The 7th Annual Basic Science International Conference – 2017

Figure 1 (The mechanical model schematic)

The simulation and modeling of sea wave power plant cylindrical buoy type is done by state-variable method.
Where do the simulation process by several stages, the first stage begins with a mathematical equation - and the
second stage is to make state-variable of system and after that, making the block-diagram of numerical simulation
software, simulations performed by harmonic excitation by variation the parameters used, after which the power
output in watt.
Inputs used in the simulation model is in the form of sea wave equation obtained from the reference [6] as follows:
𝜌𝑔2 𝐻 2 𝑇 2 2𝜋𝑡 2
𝐹𝑤 = (cos ) (1)
64𝜋𝜆 𝑇
Where Fw is the wave force, gravitational acceleration g (9,8 m/s2), density of water ρ (1000 kg/m3), amplitude A
(m), wave length λ in (m), and the wave period T (second).
While modeling cylindrical buoy and ballast mass-base swing arm distance variation on the dynamic condition is
as follows.

Figure 2 (swing arm mechanism with a ballast mass and buoy)

where the equation is
2
1 𝜌𝑔2 𝐻 2 𝑇 2 2𝜋𝑡 𝑑 𝑑
𝜃0̈ = 1 [ (𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( )) 𝐿 + 𝑑2 𝑑7 𝑘1 𝜃8 − 𝑘1 𝜃0 ] (2)
𝑀𝑃 𝐿2 + 𝑀𝑖 𝐿2 +𝑀𝑖 𝐿2𝑖 64𝜋𝜆 𝑇 1 6
3

Where θ0 same as ω0 is the movement of the swing arm (rad/s), weight of the buoy Wp (kg), wave force Fw (N),
bouyancy force Fb (N), weight of the swing arm Wl (kg), weight of the ballast mass Mi (kg), ballast mass distance
Li (m), inertia of swing arm (kg.m2), rigidity the shaft K1 (Nm/rad).
From figure 2 is shown the model structure of mechanism of sea wave power plant cylindrical buoy type, where
Mp is mass of buoy (kg), wave force Fw (N), bouyancy force Fb (N), ballast mass Mi (kg), swing arm mass Ml
(kg), inertia of the swing arm and buoy J0 (kg.m2), inertia equivalent of gear box JEq (kg.m2), as much as 7 gears.
The equation is :
1
𝜃8̈ = 𝑑 𝑑 𝑑2 𝑑2
(3)
[𝐽𝐸𝑞 { 7 2𝑘1 𝜃0− 72 22𝑘1 𝜃8−2𝑁𝐵𝐿𝑟𝑖(𝑡)}]
𝑑 6 𝑑1 𝑑6 𝑑1

Where 𝜃8̈ is motion of the armature, diameter of gears d (m), whereas the equation of motion the DC generator
model is :
𝑑𝑖 1 ̇ 4𝜌𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒 𝐿𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒
= (2𝑁𝐵𝐿𝑟𝜃8 − 𝑅𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑖 2 𝑖) (4)
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 𝜋𝑑𝑤𝑖𝑟𝑒

With Rload is resistance of gauge (Ω), electrical inductance L (H), number of coil N, magnetic flux B (T), length of
coil l (m), radius of coil r (m), length of wire Lwire (m), the copper resistivity ρwire (Ωm), wire diameter d (m).
The equation is entered into the simulation is the equation 2, 3 and 4.

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Proceeding of The 7th Annual Basic Science International Conference – 2017

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The simulation on cylindrical-buoy-type sea wave power plant model employed some variations i.e. the
augmentation of ballast mass on the distance variations and the alteration of wire diameter on the DC rotary
generator. The variations on the distance between the ballast mass and swing arm were 7.15 cm and 23 cm while
those on the wire diameter of generator were 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, and 0.4 mm. The another parameters for used in
the simulation is shown on table 1.
Table 1 (The parameters of sea wave simulation)
Symbol Predicate Value Unit
Hwave High sea wave 8.04 cm
Twave Wave period 1 s
Fwave Wave frequency 1 Hz
Awave Wave amplitude 4.02 cm
Ρwater Density 1000 kg/m3
g acceleration of gravity 9.81 m/s2
λwave Wave length 0.97 cm
The parameter is used at the numerical simulation by using available equation can be got the result as following :
Then the power that is resulted by the ocean wave simulation is showed at the figure 3.

Figure 3 (Sea wave power chart)

The RMS power that is resulted by sea wave simulation at the laboratory scale is used 0.9018 watt.

Figure 4 (The chart of distance variations of ballast mass in swing arm on the generator with wire
diameter 0,2 and 0,4)
Figure 4 is showed about the result of variation of voltage toward the distance between ballast mass on the swing
arm. The graphic is shown about decline trend. At the distance 7 cm has the biggest result affected the system and
the lowest result is showed at 23 cm. The phenomenon is caused by the mass increased at the swing arm that is
not affected the insetia system too much, so the energy resulted has not different. But the inertia become bigger
when the ballast mass is increased. When the position of the ballast move at near the shaft center can make the
power resulting become increased.
The simulation result is showed the distance of ballast mass is not too large, which may affect the system, that is
caused by the ballast mass is small and the distance between the ballast mass is short.
Meanwhile, the result of variation of wire diameter of generator is showed at the figure 5.

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 Proceeding of The 7th Annual Basic Science International Conference – 2017

Figure 5 (The RMS power resulted on wire diameter variations chart)

From the figure 5 is showed about the result of simulation with different wire diameter that is used at the generator
DC. The lowest resulted at the wire diameter 0,2 mm by 0.0077 watt, and the wire diameter 0.3 mm by 0.01229
watt. The biggest result at the wire diameter about 0.4 mm by 0.0268 watt. The result of simulation is very small
because the scale that is used on the laboratory scale.
The scale of the real dimension refer to the research before [8] that is used at 1:37. The ratio is used by refer to the
high of real sea wave. And also the volume of mechanism become increased reach the real dimension. The real
dimension of sea wave electrical generator on cylindrical buoy can be resulted the power about 95.97 watt at the
average high of sea wave at 2.9 m

4. CONCLUSIONS
According to the result obtained from analysis and simulation in this research, then can be concluded.
1. From the ballast mass variations on swing arm, the lowest resulted at the distance 23 cm at RMS power is
0.007738 watt, and the better resulted at the distance 7 cm at RMS power 0.007739 watt.
2. From the wire diameter variations that is used at the generator DC. The lowest resulted at the wire diameter
0,2 mm by 0.0077 watt, and the biggest result at the wire diameter 0,4 mm by 0.0268 watt. The result obtained
by the laboratory scale.

5. REFERENCES
[1]. G. O. Young, “Synthetic structure of industrial plastics (Book style with paper title and editor),” in Plastics,
2nd ed. vol. 3, J. Peters, Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1964, pp. 15–64
[2]. Rezvan Alamian et. al. “Evaluation of technologies for harvesting wave energy in caspian sea”. Jurnal of
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014 Januari 1 ; 32 : P. 468-476
[3]. Erik Lejerskog, Mats Leijon et. al. “Experimental results on power absorption from a wave energy
converter at the Lysekil wave energy research site”. Jurnal of Renewable Energy. 2014 Desember 18 ; 77 :
P. 9 – 14
[4]. N.M. Kimoulakis, A.G. Kladas, and J.A. Tegopoulos. “Power Generation Optimization from Sea Waves
by Using a Permanent Magnet Linear Generator Drive”. Jurnal of IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 44.6
(2008), P. 1530-1533
[5]. D.L. O’ Sullivan, A.W. Lewis. “Generator Selection for Offshore Oscillating Water Column Wave Energy
Converters”. Jurnal of IEEE International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (2008), P.
1790-179
[6]. I Made Susanto, Wiwiek Hendrowati. “Analisa Simulasi Energi Listrik yang Dihasilkan Model Pembangkit
Listrik Tenaga Gelombang Air Laut (PLTGL) Metode Pelampung Dengan Variasi Dimensi Pelampung dan
Panjang Lengan”. Seminar Nasional Teknik Mesin 10 ; 13 (2015).
[7]. Vandana R and B. G. Fernandes. “ Desig Methodology for High-Performance Segmented Rotor Switched
Reluctance Motor”. Jurnal of IEEE Transactions on energy Conversion. Vol. 30, No. 1, (2015) P.11-21
[8]. Zulfikar Adlan Nadzir et al. “Estimasi Tinggi Gelombang Laut Menggunakan Citra Satelit Alos-Palsar”.
Jurnal of Teknik POMITS Vol.20, No.20 (2015) ISSN : 2337-3539
[9]. McCormick Michael E. Ocean Engineering Mechanics: Cambridge University; 2010
[10]. C. M. Close, D. K. Frederick and J. C. Newell, “Modeling and Analysis of Dynamic Systems Third
Edition,” John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2002.
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