Writing Techniques &

Exercises
Ching . 31 December 2017 DSE English Paper 2
Table of Contents

Strategies when Writing..................................................................................................................................................1

1 – Sentence Expansion...............................................................................................................................................1
Review – SVO Structure.......................................................................................................................................1
Expanding the Basic Structure.............................................................................................................................1
2 – Avoid General Words (tone-oriented) (commonly used verbs/said, emotion words)...........................................1
3 – Use Thematic Vocabularies...................................................................................................................................1
4 – Conjunctions (Cause and Effect Connectors, signposting).....................................................................................1
5 – Paraphrasing..........................................................................................................................................................1
Modifying Part of Speech....................................................................................................................................1
Using Synonyms & Antonyms..............................................................................................................................1
6 – Transitions (signposting & content-related)..........................................................................................................1
7 – How to Open & Close the Writing.........................................................................................................................1
Usages............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
Text Types.......................................................................................................................................................................1

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Strategies when Writing
1 – Sentence Expansion

Review – SVO Structure

Do you still remember the SVO sentence structure? Try to identify major constructs of the following sentences by
underlining the respective element.
S – Subject; V – Verb; O – Object

Mary eats an apple.

Mary is eating an apple.

Mary has eaten an apple.

Expanding the Basic Structure

The SVO sentence structure acts as a basic framework for us to construct sentences, but to make the meaning more
complete, very often additional information are given as well by adding different types of part of speech.

i) Adding adjective
Mary is eating a green apple.

Mary is eating a tiny green fleshy apple.

Exercise A1
Rewrite the following sentences by adding suitable adjectives.

Q1. Jessie is holding three boxes now.

Q2. The woman standing at the door wears a coat.

Q3. These birds are going to fall to the ground.

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ii) Adding adverb (notice the tenses and where the adverb is put)
Adverbs are words that can describe a verb, adjective or adverb.

Describing Verbs

 Peter scolds at his brother furiously, “Stop this!”

 Peter furiously scolds at his brother, “Stop this!”
Furiously, Peter scolds at his brother, “Stop this!” (emphasizing the nature of action, i.e. manner)

 Mary is eating a tiny green fleshy apple quickly.

 Mary is quickly eating a tiny green fleshy apple.
(Note: “is” is the auxiliary verb.)

 They have kindly thanked his friend.

 They have thanked his friend kindly.
 They had happily been officers of F&E Company for 8 years.
(Note: “have” is the auxiliary verb.)

 They were badly injured.

 They were injured badly.

  We have been proudly holding this record for 10 years.

(Note (perfect continuous tenses), many adverbs are usually put right after “have been”)

  We have only been holding this record for 10 years.

(Exception: adverbs of frequency e.g. always, sometimes, occasionally, just, only, are put right after “have”)

 He will greedily eat all his candies.

 He will eat all his candies greedily.
(Note: “will” is the modal verb.)

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Describing Adjectives

These puddings are ridiculously delicious.

“Believe me, this baker’s baking skills are unexpectedly great!”

I need to get access to this highly secured building.

The river flow has become weirdly slow.

Our shop is especially busy during lunch hours.

Describing Adverb

You have done unexpectedly well in the test.

Can you move more quickly?

Monica answered the question quite calmly.

Exercise A2
Rewrite the following sentences by adding the provided adverbs.

Q1. Robert touches his dog’s skin to comfort it/him. (slowly)

Q2. The pianist starts playing the piano. (beautifully)

Q3. Melina is performing the dance of the Swan Lake in the auditorium. (elegantly)

Q4. That bunch of people next to us were being noisy the whole time. (painfully)

Q5. Our measures have reduced the number of crime reported this month. (greatly)

Q6. The firm had released five products in 2008. (consecutively)

Q7. She has been complaining about minor issues non-stop for 2 hours. (annoyingly)

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Q8. We had been organizing various types of social events since 2006. (actively)

Q9* The systems have been in place since Jim Walker first developed them. (long)

Q10. The Pentagon Building was built as a centre for dealing with national security issues. (originally)

Q11. All of our weapons have been destroyed by our enemy. (mercilessly)

Exercise A3
Rewrite the following sentences by adding adverbs.

Q1. The lion roared at the crowd.

Q2. This group of teenagers were running in circles.

Q3. Celine has made five chocolate cupcakes.

Q4. The public is tricked by words of this liar.

Q5. This virus has been spread to nearby countries.

Construct a sentence by using the following items below.

Q6. using/Third World countries/been/child slaves/illegally/for years/have

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iii) Adding prepositional phrase (prep. (+ N.))
With her night guard, Mary is quickly eating a tiny green fleshy apple.

Mary, with her night guard, is quickly eating a tiny green fleshy apple.

Mary is quickly eating a tiny green fleshy apple with her night guard.

Adele’s fans have held up an enormous banner in the stadium.

Without their weapons, they are as destructible as any insect.

This strain of virus should have long been extinct in the 1970s.
(extinct is an adj. and note that have been is a perfect tense and long is an adverb)

By writing essays for the newspaper editor , Terrence has now earned a considerate amount of money.

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Exercise A4
Rewrite the following sentences by adding prepositional phrase formed from the given words.

Q1. Mrs Lee was once a famous ballet dancer/ballerina. (her 30s)

Q2. The artist has created numerous well-known characters. (help from his mentor)

Q3. No matter what you say, I am still going to stay. (centre of the stage)

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Using Verbals
SVO: Juliet reads a book.

Verbal is a verb when used without a subject or tense. There are 3 types of verbals: gerund, participle and infinitive.

Gerund

Gerund is a verb used as a noun by using the -ing form.

Reading (n.) is one of Juliet’s hobbies.

(“Reading” is a gerund.”)

Reading fictions under the tree (n.) is one of Juliet’s hobbies.

(“Reading fictions under the tree” is a gerund phrase, altogether the phrase is a noun.)

Participle

Participle is a verb used as an adjective by using the present participle (-ing form) or past participle (pp) form.

Reading (adj.), Juliet feels that she is happier than ever.

(“Reading” is a present participle and here is an adjective that describes the subject, which is Juliet.)

Reading the best-selling book in the world (adj.), Juliet feels that she is happier than ever./

Juliet, reading the best-selling book in the world (adj.), feels that she is happier than ever.
(“Reading the best-selling book in the world” is a participial phrase and it functions as an adjective that describe the subject, Juliet.)

Shocked (adj.), Elisa stood there for at least a minute./

Elisa, shocked (adj.), stood there for at least a minute.

(“Shocked” is a past participle and it is an adjective that describes the subject, Elisa.

=Elisa was shocked and stood there for at least a minute.)

Shocked by her surprisingly high scores (adj.), Elisa stood there for at least a minute./

Elisa, shocked by her surprisingly high scores (adj.), stood there for at least a minute.
(“Shocked by her surprisingly high scores” is a participial phrase and functions as an adjective that describe the subject, Elisa.

=Elisa was shocked by her surprisingly high scores and stood there for at least a minute.)

Infinitive

Infinitive is a verb used as a verb without a subject or tense. There are mainly 2 types of infinitive: bare infinitive and
to-infinitive.

Bare infinitive: My father made me wash (v.) all the dishes.

To-infinitive: He tells me to wash (v.) all the dishes.

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iv) Adding gerund phrase
Gerund phrases are phrase with verb in its -ing form, and entire phrase functions as a noun.

Making pancakes has now become my first priority.

My first work to do is making pancakes.

I love baking cupcakes when I am bored.

When I am bored, I will do my favourite hobby, which is baking cupcakes.

(“baking cupcakes” is a noun here, “is baking” is NOT a verb.)

Thank you all of you for coming tonight.

(Note: gerunds, -ing form, are used after prepositions.)

His yelling is painfully loud.

Exercise A5
Paraphrase the following sentences by using gerund phrases.

Q1. It is important to explore our interests.

Q2. It is relaxing to sit by the pool.

Q3. It is critical to let your children make their own decisions.

Q4. It is great to make your timetable on your own.

Q5. It is a good idea that you remodel your building.

Q6. Erica thanked her friend after she drove her home.

Q7. I often fish when I am free, and it is my favourite pastime. (use “go”)

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v) Adding participial phrase
Participial phrases are used to give descriptions of the subject by using -ing form or past participle (pp.) form of a
verb. Participial phrases at the beginning and end of sentence are often used to give cause and result of the main
clause.

If the phrase is giving additional information of the subject, a comma is needed. This is very often when using
participial phrase.

If the phrase is defining the subject, there would be no comma before and after the phrase.

Flickering from far above, the stars seems so untouchable.

(as an additional information, =the stars are flickering from far above and seems so untouchable.)

Keeping his expenses low, George has earned quite some money now.
(=By keeping his expenses low, George is now able to earn some money.)

Stacy, running out from the park, is yelling at me.

(=Stacy, who is running out from the park, is yelling at me.)

Alex, not worrying about disturbing others, insists on keeping playing guitar at 3am.
(=Alex does not worry about disturbing others and insists on keeping playing his guitar.)

Mary is quickly eating a tiny green fleshy apple, spilling apple juice everywhere.
(=Mary is eating an apple and spills apple juice everywhere.)

The sniper accurately shoots a silver bullet into the vampire’s heart, leaving him bleeding on the ground.
=The sniper shoots a silver bullet and leaves the vampire bleeding on the ground.)

People coming out from the museum are frightened.

(the phrase is defining what people are frightened, =People that comes out from the museum)

Confused (pp.), she is trying to figure out where she is.

(=She is confused and trying to figure out where she is.)

Shaken by the fact that all their assets have been frozen , the company will certainly face financial difficulties this
time.

Inspired but tired, Timothy still decides to write his essay next week and continues sleeping.

Michael, left unsure of what is happening, can only follow his boss’s orders.

Prisoner 52, luckily not seen by any prison guards, successfully escapes from the Alcatraz Island.

Boxes added in the second column are very fragile, please do not move them.
(the phrase is defining which boxes are very fragile, =Boxes that are added in the second column are very fragile)

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 Note: Participial phrases after names of people, countries, cities etc. should always have commas before and after them.

Compare: “Michael being left unsure of what is happening there is a great example of why we should always be modest to
our bosses.”

In this sentence, the participial phrase is a defining one and “Michael being left unsure of what is happening there” is
altogether a SUBJECT.

Exercise A6
Rewrite the following sentences by adding participial phrase formed from the given words at appropriate places.

Q1. She dropped her study notes from the 36 th floor of her building. (see all her notes fly in the wind)

Q2. Mickey Mouse is walking out from the Disneyland castle. (hold a plate of cookies)

Q3. The 22th anniversary of Chan Siu Chung Botany Garden has officially started. (cut the ribbon)

Q4. Ricky stops making any movements. (try to listen to voices in the next room)

Q5. Pop music has now become a main trend in the United States. (even spread to Eastern countries)

Try to construct a sentence with gerund phrase on your own.

Q6.

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Exercise A7
Rewrite the following sentences by adding participial phrase formed from the provided words.

Q1. David madly shreds the contract into pieces in front of his partners. (provoke)

Q2. The city is still on its road to recovery. (the city was hit by an 8.2 earthquake)

Q3. The mother dolphin is still determined to protect her cubs despite her injuries. (the shark bit the mother dolphin)

Q4. Books were rearranged alphabetically. (instruction: add a participial phrase without commas)

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vi) Adding to-infinitive phrase (to + V. +…)
To-infinitive phrases are used to tell a purpose of an action.

To stay healthy, Mary eats a fresh apple everyday.

Mary eats a fresh apple everyday to stay healthy.

Exercise A8
Rewrite the following sentences by adding suitable to-infinitive phrase at different places.

Q1. Our organization members have made huge efforts.

Q2. Our leaders have made difficult choices.

Q3. Doctor Anderson prescribed Larry four medications.

Q4. All the related files were destroyed.

Q5. Booking has been made six months before the event.

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 Adjectives describe noun
many forms (refer to 5 - Paraphrasing - Modifying Part of Speech)
E.g. The langauge of narrative writings is often quite descriptive.

Adverbs describe verb, adj., adverb

a common form : -ly
E.g. Professor Potter catiously mixed the two chemicals together in a glass beaker.

Prepositional Phrase prep. + noun

E.g. Slovakia, in the 1980s, was still a part of the Soviet Union.

Gerund (Phrase) verb used as a noun

-ing form
E.g. Admitting that you are weak is never an easy thing to do.

Participle (Phrase) verb used as adjective

-ing form (present participle)
E.g. 13 Reasons Why, stirring up controversies, is now the most hotly debated topic.

pp (past participle)
E.g. Criticized by the film producers, this movie most probably will not make it to the theatre screen.

Infinitive verb used without subject or tense (not SVO)

normal form (bare infinitive)
E.g. Jerry promised that he will let his brother go after he finishes all the housework.

to + normal form (to-infinitve)

E.g. Patricia agreed to take her cousin to Ocean Park.

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Note: These features are useful to help you write sentences with more complex structures and are particularly
required in writing expository writings, including article of a technical topic, letter to the editor, and narrative
writings, like short stories.

Final Exercise A9

The following two texts are paragraphs from an article and a short story respectively, try to fill in the blanks with
adjectives, adverbs or different types of phrases as indicated. You can write your own answer freely as long as it is
logical. Hints might be given in the brackets after the indicated sentence structure, you can ignore the hints if you find
it not helpful.

(prep. phrase to indicate time), global warming has become a(n)

(adverb) serious problem in many different countries. Most environmentalists emphasized that

(adjective) release of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides,

(prep. phrase to indicate origin of greenhouse gases), is the major cause of global warming.

(participial phrase, pp.), the industrialized countries argued that the

increased average temperature is (adverb) due to normal thermal fluctuation of the Earth so

that they can continue their industrial activities. (infinitive phrase), the

United Nations has come up with a series of reasonable agreements

(participial phrase, no comma), for example, the Kyoto Protocol. Despite United Nations’ efforts,

there has already been a(n) (adjective(s)) hole in the ozone layer above the South Pole,

(participial phrase, -ing, consequence

resulting from the hole in ozone layer). Developed countries are inevitably responsible.

(participial phrase, -ing), Jessica Stewart slowly opened her eyes, finding

herself in a(n) (adjective(s)) cemetery. “This is weird.” So she thought. Gently a(n)

(adverb) cold breeze brushed against her cheeks, (participial

phrase, -ing). Just the moment attempting to get up from the (adjective(s)) leaves and soil and

leave, she saw an object that could not be anymore (adjective). It marked, “Rest in Peace,

Monica Stewart, beloved sister.” (participial phrase, pp.), she

froze and widened her icy blue eyes before rushing (prepositional

phrase) as fast as she could, trying (infinitive phrase).

Levitating still from far above, the Angel of Death looked (adverb), and calmly marked, “28th February”.

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2 – Avoid General Words1 (tone) (commonly used verbs/said, emotion words)

Apart from using diverse sentence structures, another strategy is to avoid general words, e.g. say, good, bad, happy,
sad, important, very, thing, problem, result. In especially formal writings, e.g. an article on a social issue with a
formal tone, these vague words should be replaced by vocabularies with more specific meanings.

He was sad after hearing the news of the tragic accident.

 He was grieved after hearing the news of the tragic accident.

Chinese
General Word Vocab Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
Rather
The apples sold at Parknshop are here
Large
rather large. means
quite.
We wished to make a huge
Huge
difference in this industry.
The Hong Kong International Airport Departur
廣大的
Vast provides a vast space for tourists to e (n.) 離
廣闊的
hang around before departure. 境
Grapes grown in Fuji Islands are
Enormous enormous when compared to those
grown locally.
Big
Describe
(adj.)
physical size The Twins Tower looks gigantic from
Gigantic
that is as large here.
as giant
 Peter grabbed
the blanket Colossal It is a colossal waste of money.
with his big It is reported that there is a massive
Massive
hands. amount of dead fish at the shore.
Students in Hong Kong face immense
Immense
 Music has been pressure nowadays.
a big influence Election
on Terrence’s Amelia has put tremendous efforts campaign
Tremendous
life. into her election campaign. (n.) 競選
Describe
運動
amount, scale
A significant consequence of global
or importance
Significant 重要的 warming is that the rising sea level
can inundate areas near shores.
Be sure to carry a substantial
一定(份
Substantial amount of cash with you when you
量)的
go overseas.
A major complaint from the
主要的
main customers is that the waiters are
Major very impolite when serving them.
important 重大的 “Think it over, it is a major decision.”

1
Note: Not all vocabs here have completely same meaning with the general word, each has a slightly different meaning. You should notice the
“Meaning” & “Chinese Meaning” and study the sample sentences carefully to know how the words are used. As sometimes even the Chinese
meaning cannot completely show how the words are different from one another, it is important to notice more when reading in daily lives to
help you use the words accurately. Also check the dictionary for the words that you do not understand, you can write them in “Remarks”.
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Exercise B1
Use the provided words and those in brackets to form a complete and logical sentence. Add articles, prepositions or
other words when necessary. Note the tenses as well.

Q1. Golden Horizon Limited/has established/three/daughter companies (large)

Q2. I/just/saw/a hornet (huge)

Q3. Carrie/is known for/movie knowledge (vast)

Q4. Our proposal/took/amount of work/please/take a look (enormous)

Q5. The Christmas tree/look/this point of view (gigantic)

Q6. It is told/Atlantis/once/a city/before/inundated (colossal)

Q7. It is reported/this/terror attack (massive)

Q8. It/took/him/energy/solve/this equation (immense)

Q9. There/has been/concern/for/civilian privacy/after/incident (tremendous)

Q10. An impact/water pollution/is/it/worsens/air quality (significant)

Q11. Amount/protesters/gathered/the City Hall (substantial)

Q12. One of the influence/adolescent delinquency/is/it/distort/values/teenagers (major)

*Q13. Sydney/is/the first/city/in Australia/use volunteers/in building Olympic stadiums/scale (grand 盛大的)

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 General Word Vocab Meaning Chinese Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
This book looks tiny when Encyclopedi
Tiny comparing it with a (n.) 百科
encyclopedias. 全書
Queenie loves making little
Little
cookies on Christmas’s Eve.
Mini 迷你 Your son looks like a mini-you.
Describe It is more convenient if you
Small Pocket-sized physical size 口袋大小的 carry a pocket-sized notebook
(adj.) with you.
A smaller
replica or It is a miniature of the Eiffel Eiffel Tower
Miniature (n.) 縮小版
 The small version of Tower. 巴黎鐵塔
potatoes are something
very Diminished vision can be
expensive. 縮小了的 resulted if diabetes is not
Diminished
減少了的 treated for a prolonged
 It is amount of time.
acceptable to Marilyn made some slight
ignore our Slight 輕微的
changes to her essay.
small A minor issue of this project is
mistakes. Minor 次要的 that the citation is not
sufficient.
Describe It is unimportant whether you
Unimportant 不重要的
issues, agree with us or not.
effects etc. Tiny errors are negligible in this Neglect (v.)
Negligible 可忽視的
experiment. 忽視
The side effects of this pill are
Insignificant 不重要的
insignificant.

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Exercise B2
Use the provided words and those in brackets to form a complete and logical sentence. Add articles, prepositions,
punctuation or other words when necessary. Note the tenses as well.

Q1. Monkeys/sitting/branch/are (tiny)

Q2. She/only/has/do with/the project (little)

Q3. Pamela/wear/skirt/even/winter (mini)

Q4. Karen/always/carry/dictionary/with her (pocket-sized)

Q5. This/model/is/of the Liberty Statue (miniature)

Q6. Project Ophiuchus/receive/resources/after/the incident (diminished)

Q7. Any/error of judgement/can/contribute to/explosion/during/bomb defusing (slight)

Q8. This/is/only/matter/in/whole picture (minor)

Q9. As a matter of fact/her complaint/really (unimportant)

Q10. Sharon/claims/raise in financial cost/is/only (negligible)

Q11. Your/profit/gained from this booth/is/when compared/other ones (insignificant)

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 Chinese
General Word Vocab Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
He looks contented when he
Contented knows that his brother is now at
peace.
滿足的 Marcia felt satisfied when she
discovered that she received an Liberal Studies
Satisfied
A- for her Liberal Studies final (n.) 通識
exam.
She has a perfect and blissful life.
Blissful 幸福的 She has a great career, two kids
and a loving husband.
Sam is a very joyful person and
Joyful 歡樂的
likes to joke all the time.
Her delighted smile shows that Common synonym
Delighted 欣喜的 for “happy”
she is happy with the result.
Characters in comedies are
Cheerful
always cheerful.
Happy (adj.)
Tyler is grateful for everything he
開心的 Grateful 感恩的
has. He does not complain much.
On the surface, he looks perfectly
Pleasant Mildly happy 愉快的 pleasant, but that is not what he
 She is secretly
feels underneath.
very happy
Ivan has always been a jolly little
when she Jolly
boy.
knows that Often
The crowd was jubilant when
there is a describe
birthday party
Jubilant 喜慶的 they saw their idol, Taylor Swift,
festivals and
walking down the red carpet.
for her. celebratory
Bright and attractive colours are
occasions
Merry used to create a merry festival
 I am happy to
atmosphere.
go to the
grocery store It is known that this medication
with you. Ecstatic 狂喜的 can put its recipients in an
ecstatic state.
Justin was thrilled when his
Happy & a
Thrilled 興奮的 parents told him that they were
bit excited
going to the Disneyland today.
Glad We are glad to give the speech. Common in
formal writings:
I am pleased that many “I am
Pleased celebrities have agreed to come pleased/glad to
to this party. inform you that
…”
“Be more optimistic, try not to go
Optimistic to the worst-case scenario
already.”
樂觀的
Making The radio has been broadcasting
Upbeat people upbeat music for the entire
happy afternoon.

Exercise B3
Use the provided words and those in brackets to form a complete and logical sentence. Add articles, prepositions or
other words when necessary. Note the tenses as well.

Q1. The party host/is/all his guests/are enjoying/party (contented)

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Q2. The teacher/is not/Walter’s/exam result (satisfied)

Q3. She/was filled with/when/she/found/her cat/is/safe (blissfulness)

Q4. The party planner/host/many/occasions/since/2016 (joyful)

Q5. Claire/is/how well her friend Betty is playing/on stage (delighted)

Q6. Owen/is/person/and/is/seldom/sad (cheerful)

Q7. Professor Hall/is/all his students/help/him/finish/his research (grateful)

Q8. Olivia/just/have/dream (pleasant)

Q9. The magicians/put up/show/at the theatre/to entertain/children (jolly)

Q10. The group/was/when/they/know/they/able to/join/the Regional Rowing Team (jubilant)

Q11. The crew/is/on Christmas Eve (merry)

Q12. Sean/is/to hear/his best friend/is getting/married (ecstatic)

Q13. Kimberly is/when/she/hear/she/won/the first prize/of the National Fishing Competition (thrilled)

Q14. We/are/to offer/our help (glad)

Q15. Ophelia Limited/is/to inform/you/you/have been selected/to be/an executive officer of our firm (pleased)

Q16. Andrea/is/always/no matter/how hopeless the situation seems (optimistic)

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Q17. You/can/tell/from/her mood/she/has moved on (upbeat)

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 Chinese
General Word Vocab Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
I never saw him upset about
Upset 憂慮的 anything, but he got upset that
day.
Ivana was unhappy that she lost
Unhappy 不開心的
the violin contest.
She has been sorrowful ever since
Sorrowful 悲傷的
the death of her dog.
He became depressed after
Depressed 鬱悶的 knowing that he did not pass the
test.
more He became despondent after In this
Despondent associated 沮喪的 countless attempts and failures to case, the
with failures craft a perfect wooden spoon. vocabs are
The gloomy atmosphere lingered in quite
Gloomy 陰沉的 the classroom on the day after similar to
Sad
Sally’s death. “sad”.
(adj.)
Michael appeared … somewhat Check out
Blue 鬱悶的
blue on that day. the
It is obvious to his friends that Clive “Meaning”
 In less of a depressed &
Melancholy 憂愁的 is melancholy, presumably because column.
millisecond, pensive
of his brother going overseas.
she could
Jake looks dejected after Professor
sense that 垂頭喪氣
Dejected Wilson turned down his invitation
Nancy was without 的
to the annual Metropolitan Gala.
actually sad ambition &
The cheerleading team looked
under the enthusiasm
surface.
Dispirited 頹喪的 dispirited after our team lost three
games in a row.
The farmers were disheartened
without
Disheartened 灰心的 after knowing that the storm has
hope
destroyed all of their crops.
Heartbroken, Ryan chose to face
Heartbroken 心碎的 the disease with optimism and
hope to defeat fate one day.
more
associated
It is miserable that these nickels
Miserable with 可悲的
and dimes are now all of his assets.
inferiority;
pathetic
His soul was tormented by guilt
tortured, but
Tormented 被折磨的 ever since he realized he could
less painful
have done better to help them.

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Exercise B4
Use the provided words and those in brackets to form a complete and logical sentence. Add articles, prepositions or
other words when necessary. Note the tenses as well.

Q1. Ramona/is/that/her friends/forget to/invite her/Elaine’s birthday party (upset)

Q2. Oscar/is/still/due to the fact that/he/forgot/bring/his concert tickets (unhappy)

Q3. The news that/there/is/earthquake/Panverfield/is/to all of us (sorrowful)

Q4. Rachel/enter/mood/as soon as/she/discover/she/is betrayed/by her teammates (depressed)

Q5. He/has/never/been/this/before (despondent)

Q6. Pessimistic people/are/more likely/have/thoughts (gloomy)

Q7. At this moment/the whole world/look/in his eyes (blue)

Q8. The tune of this song/is/and/make/me/feel/depressed (melancholy)

Q9. Alicia/among all her teammate/was/the most/after/know/that/Vicky/was leaving/the team (dejected)

Q10. He/immediately/became/when/his teacher/scolded/him/in class (dispirited)

Q11. He/is/at the moment/realizing/he/has been lied to/the whole time (disheartened)

Q12. Mr Zanders/is/and/cannot/accept/that/his business partner/has frozen/all the assets (heartbroken)

Q13. Realizing she has lost everything/she/feel (miserable)

Q14. They/are/by/the fact that/they/are/all/responsible/for her death (tormented)

26 | P a g e
27 | P a g e
 Chinese
General Word Vocab Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
Winnie the Pooh has a great love
Great
for honey.
“How do you think about my
Nice 不錯的 sculpture?” “Quite nice, only that
you can use more curves.”
Tyler asked if his idea is okay for
the project, to which Cameron
Fine 還可以的
replied, “The idea is fine, but it
needs more elaboration.”
In the comments, Mr Piers marked
Fantastic
Thomas’ work as “fantastic”.
Mary thinks Gloria’s gardening
Incredible
skills are incredible.
Joey received an excellent result in
Excellent
Very good her Biology exam.
The young boy was impressed by
Amazing the special effects of the movie and
gasped, “Amazing.”
He shared with his friends, “It was
Wonderful
a wonderful movie.”
Evoking 令人敬佩 Candice showed impressive
Impressive
admiration 的 reasoning skills in her interview.
Good Mother Teresa is a saint with
(adj.) remarkable achievements. She
Remarkable 卓越的
should be honoured with our utter
respect.
 Mr Waters has Benjamin won the Most
a good level of Outstanding 出眾的 Outstanding Pianist Award of the
understanding piano competition in 2013.
of the corporal With their unquantifiable efforts,
protocol. Brilliant 出色的 they eventually put together a
brilliant performance.
Everyone is special and
It is formed
extraordinary in their
Extraordinary 非凡的 from “extra”
unexplainable and incomparable
& “ordinary”
own kind of way.
Her ability of memorizing lyrics is
Exceptional 特別的
exceptional/exceptionally good.
The manager reassured that the
Describe
Superior 優越的 food catered by the restaurant are
quality
all superior in quality.
He did a marvellous job and risked
Marvellous 奇妙的
his job to save his neighbours.
Terrific It sounds like a terrific idea, let’s do it!
“Trust me, our club holds fabulous
Fabulous
games. Come join us!” Common in
Even Oliver has to say that the semi-formal
Superb Very good
dance was superb. & informal
This Villa is known for its splendid writings
Splendid 燦爛的
view of the sea.
Last night, I had an awesome chat
Awesome 棒 with Mel, who is still living in
Canberra.

28 | P a g e
Exercise B5
Use the provided words and those in brackets to form a complete and logical sentence. Add articles, prepositions or
other words when necessary. Note the tenses as well.

Q1. Ricky Connell/is/actor (great)

Q2. Mrs Thompson/is/really/lady (nice)

*Q3. The DVD quality/is/very (fine)

Q4. I/have always wanted/drive/his/car/it/is/ (fantastic)

Q5. This competitor/has shown/some/acrobatic movements (incredible)

Q6. The dim lights/make/this room/place to sleep (excellent)

Q7. She/has/angelic/and/voice (amazing)

Q8. Going to Africa/is/experience/enjoy it (wonderful)

Q9. The debut performance/this team/is/and/has made their name (impressive)

Q10. Considering that/this/his first try/his learning ability/is/quite (remarkable)

Q11. Performance/of the Philly Orchestra/is/truly/among its competitors (outstanding)

Q12. Her kids/think/their mom’s toasts/are (brilliant)

*Q13. Each of us/is given/purpose to come to this world/some of us/just/have not known/it/yet (extraordinary)

*Q14. Excluding/cases/water/only/has/three/physical states (exceptional)

29 | P a g e
*Q15. A small group/of rebels/refuse to/obey/orders/of/the church (superior)

Q16. Life Without Limits/what a book (marvellous)

Q17. Trading Yesterday/will/always/remain/the most/band/in my mind/no matter/what/other people/say (fabulous)

Q18. He/is/truly/artist/everyone/loves/his/pieces (superb)

Q19. This view/is/and/I/want to/take/photo of it (splendid)

Q20. Barry/think/it/is/to/help others/with his knowledge (awesome)

*meaning of word is different from the one in the list (these are included to let you know the words’ alternative usage)

Chinese
General Word Vocab Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
Awful
Terrible Common
in semi-
formal &
Horrible
formal
writings.
Unfortunate
Bad Wretched
(adj.) Suboptimal Not
Inferior achieving a
certain
Undesirable
standard
Despicable Morally
Wicked inferior
Detrimental Describing
Harmful effects

Exercise B6
Use the provided words and those in brackets to form a complete and logical sentence. Add articles, prepositions or
other words when necessary. Note the tenses as well.

Q1.

Q2.

30 | P a g e
Q3.

Q4.

Q5.

Q6.

Q7.

Q8.

Q9.

Q10.

Q11.

Chinese
General Word Vocab Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
Pretty
Charming
Dazzling
Attractive
Appealing
Beautiful Nice-looking
(adj.) Gorgeous
Elegant
Captivating
Stunning
Mesmerizing
Glamorous

31 | P a g e
Exercise B7
Use the provided words and those in brackets to form a complete and logical sentence. Add articles, prepositions or
other words when necessary. Note the tenses as well.

Q1.

Q2.

Q3.

Q4.

Q5.

Q6.

Q7.

Q8.

Q9.

Q10.

Q11.

Chinese
General Word Vocab Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
Smart Clever
(adj.) Brilliant
Wise
Intelligent
Intellectual
Bright

32 | P a g e
 Sharp-witted
Cunning
Gifted

Exercise B8
Use the provided words and those in brackets to form a complete and logical sentence. Add articles, prepositions or
other words when necessary. Note the tenses as well.

Q1.

Q2.

Q3.

Q4.

Q5.

Q6.

Q7.

Q8.

Q9.

Q10.

Q11.

Chinese
General Word Vocab Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
Important Crucial

33 | P a g e
 Essential
Significant
Critical
Vital
(adj.) Major
Main
Chief
Necessary
Indispensable

Exercise B9
Use the provided words and those in brackets to form a complete and logical sentence. Add articles, prepositions or
other words when necessary. Note the tenses as well.

Q1.

Q2.

Q3.

Q4.

Q5.

Q6.

Q7.

Q8.

Q9.

Q10.

Q11.

34 | P a g e
 Chinese
General Word Vocab Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
Clearly
Completely
Exceptionally
Extremely
Greatly
Immensely
Mainly
Very
Outstandingly
(adv.)
Especially/
Particularly/
In particular
Remarkably
Seriously
Significantly
Tremendously

Exercise B10
Use the provided words and those in brackets to form a complete and logical sentence. Add articles, prepositions or
other words when necessary. Note the tenses as well.

Q1.

Q2.

Q3.

Q4.

Q5.

Q6.

Q7.

Q8.

Q9.

35 | P a g e
Q10.

Q11.

Chinese
General Word Vocab Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
Concern
Consequence
Effect
Implication
Problem/ Issue
Result Impact
(n.) Influence
Complication
Drawback
Obstacle
Setback

Exercise B11
Use the provided words and those in brackets to form a complete and logical sentence. Add articles, prepositions or
other words when necessary. Note the tenses as well.

Q1.

Q2.

Q3.

Q4.

Q5.

Q6.

36 | P a g e
Q7.

Q8.

Q9.

Q10.

Q11.

Chinese
General Word Vocab Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
Terrifying
Horrifying
Creepy
Scary Spooky
(adj.) Chilling
Ghostly
Unnerving
Eerie

Exercise B12
Use the provided words and those in brackets to form a complete and logical sentence. Add articles, prepositions or
other words when necessary. Note the tenses as well.

Q1.

Q2.

Q3.

Q4.

Q5.

37 | P a g e
Q6.

Q7.

Q8.

Q9.

Q10.

Q11.

Chinese
General Word Vocab Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
Comical
Hilarious
Humorous
Entertaining
Funny
Amusing
(adj.)
Whimsical
Witty
Gleeful
Light-hearted

Exercise B13
Use the provided words and those in brackets to form a complete and logical sentence. Add articles, prepositions or
other words when necessary. Note the tenses as well.

Q1.

Q2.

Q3.

38 | P a g e
Q4.

Q5.

Q6.

Q7.

Q8.

Q9.

Q10.

Q11.

Chinese
General Word Types Vocab Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning

Said (shouted,
laughed)

Chinese
General Word Vocab2 Meaning Sample Sentence Remarks
Meaning
Like Prefer
is
changed
to
Run Race
Rush

2
Be careful not to abuse the vocabs and use them in a wrong context.
39 | P a g e
 Walk Stroll
Wander
Meander
Wicked
Sinister
Vicious
Malicious
Evil
Malevolent
Quite a
Demonic strong
word
Kind-hearted
Warm-
Kind hearted
Benevolent
Affectionate

3 – Use Thematic Vocabularies

4 – Conjunctions (Cause and Effect Connectors, signposting)

40 | P a g e
5 – Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing means telling the same idea with different wordings. Paraphrasing is often used when summarizing
aforementioned information, to avoid repetition of the entirely same wordings. In a writing, usually summing up for
the topic sentence is needed at the end of a paragraph, and also at the conclusion of the writing. It is a skill
frequently used in speaking as well.

The following is an example of paraphrasing:

In this technologically advanced era, computer sciences and its related branches of science have become inevitably
irreplaceable in developing information technologies and robotic models.

Thanks to computer sciences and its pertaining studies, various technologies in informational systems and robotics
are progressively maturing.

As it involves putting sentences together with different sentence structure and words, you can try modifying the part
of speech of keys terms and using synonyms and antonyms.

Modifying Part of Speech3

Part of speech is a category that is assigned to a word according to its role in a sentence. There are in total 8 types of
part of speech, respectively

Noun – brother, structure, responsibility

Pronouns – I, me, my, mine, myself

Verb – make, invent, describe

Adjective – happy, structural, responsible

Adverb – happily, structurally, responsibly,

always, just

Preposition – in, on, at, with, inside, along

Conjunction – and, but, however, also, nevertheless

3
This section does not discuss about changing part of speech only, the lists that come after also help you to enhance your word bank.
41 | P a g e
Interjection – Wow, ouch, hey, oh, uh, ooh, nah

The most commonly used ones are nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs, and they often change their part of speech
to one another by adding suffixes. (Suffix is a group of letters that are put at the end of a word to change its part of
speech; prefix is the same but by putting the letters at the beginning of a word.)

42 | P a g e
Examples

The following are some of the most commonly seen changes of part of speech. The sample sentences are
paraphrased.

Rely 依靠 (v.) – depend on someone or something with trust

You always have the answers I need. I know that I can always rely on you.

Reliable 可靠的 (adj.) – dependable (able to be depended on)

You are so reliable. I know that I can trust you.

Reliability 可靠性 (n.) – the quality of being reliable

You have such high reliability, how can I not trust you?

Reliably 可靠地 (adv.) – in a reliable way

Thank you for acting reliably, if it had not been you, I would have never got this job done!
(Note: You may notice that ability is formed from able)

Modern 現代的 (adj,) – relating to present or recent times

Wow, you home settings are really modern!

Modernize 現代化 (v.) – making something to become modern

Oh my god! Did Tracy really say you have to modernize your home settings? You can ignore her.

Modernization 現代化 (n.) – modernizing something (making something to become modern)

I have to say that your home is quite up to recent fashion, it does not need any modernization.
(Note: These two suffixes are commonly used together, you may sometimes see words that ends with -ization.)

fright 驚嚇 (n.) – a sudden intense feeling of fear

Due to the sudden fright, the little girl did not want to enter any haunted house anymore.

frighten 嚇 (v.) – make someone or something feeling scared, i.e. scare

The people wearing costume in Ocean Park on Halloween night frightened the little girl.

frightening 可怕的 (adj.) – making someone or something feeling scared

So the little girl thought, “these men are frightening!”

frightened 受驚的 (adj.) – the feeling of scared

The girl was frightened because of the zombie wearing horrifying makeup outside the haunted house.

frighteningly 可怕地 (adv.) – in a frightening way

The zombies outside the haunted house frighteningly gives a coupon to a local visitor.

(Note: Sometimes -ing is used for making the part of speech of a word an adjective or a noun, in this case, it is NOT a verb. For
example, “Your actions are very disturbing.” Disturbing is an adj. here, not a verb.)

43 | P a g e
The following are the family words of the word act, you can compare part of speech and recognize the suffixes
added. Take a look at the sample sentences on how some of them are paraphrased.

Act 行動 (v.) – do something

Act quickly! You are going to lose our money!

Action 行動 (n.) – the act done

Take actions! Do you want to lose our money? Inactive 不活躍的 (adj.) – not engaging in nature

The committee was quite inactive ever since its

establishment.
Active 活 躍 的 (adj.) – very engaging e.g. in
performing physical exercise or doing The systems are currently inactive.
organization works

He has been an active member of the community

Inactivity 不活躍性 (n.) – the status of being inactive
since he moved in.
The inactivity of the committee has made many
Activity 活動/活躍性 (n.) – a thing that a person or
workers lose hope in their promises.
group has done/the
status of being active

They have many activities arranged on this Sunday.

His level of activity is quite high since he has joined Inactivate 滅活化 (v.) – making something to become
this committee. inactive

You can inactivate the alarm now, the fire has been
extinguished/put out.
Activate 活 化 (v.) – make something (usually
technological, biological and chemical)
to become active

The captain has activated the missile system, all the

missiles are now ready to launch. Inactivation 滅 活 化 (n.) – making something to
become inactive
The virus has now been activated by the chemicals
given. Inactivation of the alarm was quick soon after the fire
was put out.
Activate the alarm immediately! There is a fire in the
building!

Activation 活 化 (n.) the process of activating

something

Owing to the suitable environment, the activation of

virus was very successful.

Activator 活 化 物 (n.) the ingredient that activate

something

The virus became extremely active after taking in the

activators.

44 | P a g e
 (Note: There are many similar examples of words formed from added in-, like inconvenient from convenient, inaccurate from accurate,
inexpensive from expensive, inevitable from evitable. But words starting with in- are not necessarily formed from adding the prefix in-, for
instance, inform, include, innocent)

45 | P a g e
The table does not need to be recited, the most important point is that you should recognize words ending with certain suffixes
and their fixed parts of speech, and how the commonly used words are changed to become a different part of speech. For
example, you should know that persuasion is a noun, and its verb is persuade, its adjective is persuasive (noun: persuasiveness)
and its adverb is persuasively. You can hence easily paraphrase sentences by changing parts of speech of key words. 4

Suffix/Ending Word Chinese

Meaning Example Sample Sentence Remarks
with meaning meaning
Adjective

Relating
In his age, cardiac
-ac - Cardiac to the 心臟的
problems are often fatal.
heart
Please submit a formal Formally
-al - Formal 正式的
enquiry form first. (adv.)
-al Synonyms This is the official
Officially
-ial - Official 官方的 response letter from the
(adv.)
newspaper company.
He shows his muscular
Muscular
leg when running.
-ar - Lunar (adj.) –
Relating The solar eclipse is so
Solar relating to
to the sun mesmerizing.
the moon
Relating 詩的 The view of harbour from
-ic - Poetic
to poetry 有詩意的 this side is very poetic.
Attention (n.)
注意力

Emily was very attentive Attentivenes

Paying
-tive - Attentive 留心的 when listening to her s (n.) 留心
attention
friend’s story.
-ive
Attentively
(adv.) 留 心
地
Good at “Be careful, she is very
有說服力
-sive - Persuasive convincing persuasive and
的
others manipulative.”
The fruity smell of
-ant - Pleasant 愉快的 grapefruit is very
pleasant.
-ant
“Defiant mortal! Do not
Proud and 目中無人
-iant - Defiant speak of our gods’ names
rude 的
directly!”
Candice is unbelievably
-ent - Confident 有信心的 confident after the
-ent interview.
Efficient working is
-ient - Efficient 有效率的
always an advantage.
-ary -ary - Military 軍方的 Multiple military
locations have been
exposed.

4
Study the tables to expand your vocabulary size. Memorize the spellings and meanings of the words, be sure to understand
how the words are used. The sample sentences help a lot.
46 | P a g e
 Tertiary
education
高 等 教 育
Tertiary education has
means
-iary - Tertiary The third 第三 become more available
education
since the 2000s.
after
secondary
school.
Some cultures view time
-ear - Linear 直線的 as linear while some view
it as cyclical.
Satisfy (v.)
滿足

Satisfaction
Satisfactor 令人滿意 “Your work is
-ory - (n.) 滿意
y 的 satisfactory, well done!”
Satisfactorily
(adv.) 令 人
滿意地
The most dangerous
chemicals should always
-ous - Dangerous
be stored in secured
facilities.
“Be more cautious, you
-ious - Cautious Careful 小心的 do not want to lose your
-ous passport again.”
Courage (n.)
勇氣
Killing the dragon by all
Courageou
-eous - Brave 勇敢的 yourself is indeed a
s Courageousl
courageous act.
y (adv.) 勇 敢
地
Making She finds the comedy,
令人快樂
-ing Adj. Amusing people “Modern Family”, very Not a verb.
的
amused amusing.
She is amused by how
Not a verb of
-ed Adj. Amused A feeling 快樂的 the characters interact in
past tense.
this sitcom.
She has become quite
-y - Moody 情緒化的 moody since the storm
came.
Delicate here
means
The biological systems
-logical - Biological sensitive and
are very delicate.
can be easily
damaged.

47 | P a g e
 Suffix/Ending Word Chinese
Meaning Example Sample Sentence Remarks
with meaning meaning
Able to
可 辨 認 These footprints are
-able Identifiable be
的 highly identifiable.
Able to do identified
something Able to Please do not do any
可逆轉
-ible Reversible be actions that are not
的
reversed reversible.
Being hopeful is one of
Full of
-ful Hopeful the ways to ease your
something
hard feelings.
Adjective (Special Meaning)

The team think the

Without situation now is hopeless Hopelessnes
-less Hopeless
something and do not know what s (n.)
their next step should be.
“Do not be childish. Food
Childish 幼稚的 are not supposed to be
Somewhat
thrown around.”
-ish similar to
Yellowish gas is slowly
something
Yellowish 淡黃的 leaking from the
container.
“No! I will not eat this …
Similar to
-like Fish-like 似魚的 this … fish-like food that
something
smells so bad.”
Her cousin can
Causing Quarrelsom Causing sometimes be
-some
something e quarrels quarrelsome and make
people have headaches.

48 | P a g e
Exercise E1
Fill in the blanks by changing the words in brackets into their adjective form.

Q1. The animations created by the comic company are very (creation).

Q2. “The depiction of the fifth scene is quite (poem)” Rebecca commented.

Q3. Barry is (suspicion) of why Alex encouraged him to join the Astronomy Society in the first
place.

Q4. Thousand Island Sauce is one of the most (enjoy) sauces, according to Tina.

Q5. The wicked wizard handed the king a (poison) cup so as to kill him once and for all.

Q6. According to the new law, this beach is no longer (access) by civilians.

Q7. His brother is always so (energy) when going to the park.

Q8. The ring without the ruby is (worth).

Q9. Bianca was (capability) of making 30 donuts under an hour.

Q10. (independence) thinking is critical for managing and distributing resources appropriately.

Q11. For further (commerce) purposes, the entire process of presentation will be videotaped.

Q12. “Stop being so (aggression)!” She complained.

Q13. “Don’t get used to your (luxury) lifestyle, one day you’ll be as poor as me.” Dylan affirmed.

Q14. (sociology) studies are aimed to propose explanations for human behaviours.

Q15. There is (sufficiency) materials for you to revise now.

Q16. Working hours of a party host is quite (flexibility).

Q17. That animal by the fence looks … (sheep).

Q18. Children tend to make (imagination) friends in their heads to keep them accompanied.

Q19. (respiration) distress, in extreme cases, can be fatal as it cuts the oxygen supply to the
heart muscles.

Q20. “Need not to be (fear), mortals. I will lead your way into redemption.” The self-claimed god
proclaimed.

Q21. The nutritionist emphasized that Florence should promptly make (diet) changes to alleviate
her anemia.

Q22. The scenes of this horror movie are so (terrify) that even Rex turns away his head.

49 | P a g e
 Chinese
Suffix/Ending Word
Meaning Example meanin Sample Sentence Remarks
with meaning
g
Noun

Noun of These inventions are

-tion - Invention 發明
invent (v.) very fun to play with.
Depressed
(adj.) – the
feeling
Depression is one of
Depressing
the most common
(adj.) – the
mental health
Noun of quality
disorders in Hong
-sion - Depression depress (v.) 抑鬱 making
Kong.
people
depressed.
-ion (Depression =
depressive disorder.)
Depressive
(adj.) –
relating to
depression.
“Let me in! I have the
Noun of
-ssion - Permission 允許 permission given by
permit (v.)
Mr. Mak!”
Her suspicion grew
Noun of when she realized that
-cion - Suspicion 懷疑
suspect (v.) Kelly was with her
boyfriend last night.
Practice
Practicing avoidance (v.) here
Noun of often makes bad means
-ance - Avoidance 避免
avoid (v.) habits worse and performing
more resistant. an activity
regularly.
His compliance with
Noun of Comply
-iance - Compliance 服從性 the FBI agents was
comply (v.) with (phr.)
weirdly quick.
-ce Noun of Confidence is an
Confidence confident 信心 important element
(adj.) when holding a talk.
-ence - Permanence of
Noun of
criminal records of
Permanence permanent 永久性
each of us ensures
(adj.)
safety of our society.
Noun of People who have no
-ience - Patience patient 耐性 patience often are
(adj.) easily irritated.
-cy Noun of Samuel is just here to
-ancy - Vacancy vacant 空缺 fill in a vacancy for
(adj.) today only.
-iancy - Brilliancy Noun of 杰出 Your brilliancy at
brilliant performing magic
(adj.) tricks has brought us a
great fortune.

50 | P a g e
 Presidency of the
The
United States was not
-ency - Presidency position of 總統位
vacant for even one
president
moment.
Noun of Efficiency of working
-iency - Efficiency efficient 效率 computer tasks will
(adj.) save you a lot of time.
Storage of the food
Noun of that has just been
-age - Storage 儲存
store (v.) brought is going to be
a problem.
“Your little tricks
-ry - Sorcery 巫術 cannot compete with
ancient sorcery.”
“Then I have to say,
Noun of 純潔 absolute purity of
-ty - Purity
pure (adj.) 純度 drinkable water was
never guaranteed.”
A lot of captured
American soldiers
Noun of have been released
-dom - Freedom 自由
free (adj.) from the Soviet Union.
Their freedom is now
restored.
Noun of Improvements in air
Improvemen
-ment - improve 改善 quality are for sure
t
(v.) needed.
We all have different
Noun of
-ness - Weakness 弱點 strengths and
weak (adj.)
weaknesses.
With more exposure
Noun of to the sun, Oscar’s
-ure - Exposure 暴露
expose (v.) skin has become
darker day by day.
Identification of the
Nouns of Identificatio Noun of DNA found in the
-fication 辨認
“-fy” verbs n identify (v.) crime scene will be
done in the lab today.

51 | P a g e
 Chinese
Suffix/Ending Word
Meaning Example meanin Sample Sentence Remarks
with meaning
g
The “I think my
identity of motherhood has made
-hood Motherhood
being a a more caring
mother person.”
A state of
The Everyone here have
identity of 公 民 身 the permanent
-ship Citizenship
being a 份 citizenship of Hong
citizen Kong.
“Do not hate on your
-bility Ability of Disability 傷殘 disability, it is a part
of you.”
The noun Purification of the
Noun,
-ization Purification of purify 淨化 water involves more
process of
(v.) steps than you think.
The noun The accurate depth of
-th - Depth of deep 深度 the sea is still
(adj.) currently unknown.
The person The person The interviewer keeps
-er taking the Interviewer who asking difficult
action interviews questions to them.
Beware:
escapee
The person (person who
The person The interviewee has
Noun (Special Meaning)

who is escapes
-ee the action Interviewee been asked a series of
interviewe from a
is posed on difficult questions. place,
d
especially
prison)
Gavin, creator of the
-or Creator new game, has gained
$100k from the game.
The person The burglar gets into
A person who enters the 12F apartment
Burglar 盜賊
a building stealthily without
-ar
to steal causing any sound.
The person Being called a liar, she
Liar
who lie was truly heartbroken.
Astrology has been
one of the most
-logy Study of Astrology 占星學
mysterious studies of
all time.
Name of an Ethics is becoming It is name
art, science 道 德 increasingly more of a study,
-ics Ethics
or branch (學) popular among social not a plural
of study sciences students. form.
Belief of
something/a
The belief/
Altruistic
set of practice of
Altruism was in fact (adj.)
practices, selfless 利他主
-ism Altruism not a popular belief
systems and acts for the 義 Altruisticall
philosophies before the 1950s.
well-being y (adv.)
relating to
something of others
A believer 利 他 主 Becoming an altruist,
-ist Altruist
of altruism 義者 Bonnie feels rebirthed.
52 | P a g e
 A A person Whether there are
-ian professional Martian living on 火星人 Martians had once
of Mars been a fun mystery.

53 | P a g e
Exercise E2
Fill in the blanks by changing the words in brackets into their noun forms. (Hint: be careful of plural forms)

Q1. The (significantly) of storing all dangerous medicines in a locked compartment is to prevent
any of them from going missing.

Q2. “Celebrate for our (victorious), we shall be delightful for conquering these new acres of
land.”

Q3. So they say, “blood is thicker than water” Yet, you see our (brother) as nothing more than
a manipulation means of yours (=one of your manipulation means; “means” here has the meaning of
“method”).

Q4. “Voluntary (honest) is always preferable. Now do you want me to make you talk?”

Q5. The 3-step (verify) system is used to prevent hackers infiltrating our Intranet.

Q6. “I admire your (optimistically), no matter how foolish it seems.”

Q7. As I realized what a fool I must have been, my face turned red with (embarrass).

Q8. AFS Corporation is currently hiring chemical factory (technique).

Q9. “Congratulations of finally becoming the department (manage), sir.”

Q10. “I order you to leave the territory of my (king), with effect from this moment.”

Q11. Damien’s (kind) was praised by his teacher, Mrs. Waters.

Q12. The United Nations kindly offers financial (assist) to Haiti, which was recently hit by an
earthquake.

Q13. The (violent) of German soldiers in World War II is criticized by leaders of many nations.

Q14. The (brutal) of this crime is unforgettable.

Q15. “I never understood your (obsessed) with the TV show, Lost.”

Q16. “Please be reminded that the (inspect) will arrive today at about 3pm to see if our
restaurant’s hygiene is up to standard.”

Q17. (cardiology) mainly study the physiology of the heart.

Q18. (slave) had been a long-lasting system in the US before Abraham Lincoln abandoned it.

Q19. (globalize) has highly facilitated the development of capital investment in foreign
countries.

Q20. “Could you give me more (illuminate)? It’s very dark here.”

Q21. These new celebrities would do anything for more (expose).

Q22.
54 | PCultural
age (diverse) of our students is a strength of our institution.
 Suffix/
Word Chinese
Ending Meaning Example Sample Sentence Remarks
meaning meaning
with
The puddle of water evaporates
-ate - Evaporate 蒸發 much more quickly when under
the intense heat of the sun.
The little girl is terrified by the
-fy Terrify Scare (v.) 嚇倒 spooky atmosphere in Ocean Park
Make on the Halloween night.
something Use
to become somethin Every last bit of our resources has
-ize (adj.) Mobilize g by been mobilized to prevent
Verb

organizin bankruptcy of our firm.

g
Make
something
Not always
to become
the case:
more I frightened by how long you have
-en Frighten Scare (v.) 嚇 wooden,
(adj.)/ not slept.
golden are
Become
adj.s.
more
(adj.)

Suffix/
Word Chinese
Endin Meaning Example Sample Sentence Remarks
meaning meaning
g with
The different part of the piano
-ly - Nicely score was nicely put together.
Lovely melody.
Head here
“Head eastward for about 30
To is a verb
Towards minutes and you will see the
-ward which Eastward and
the east tower.”
direction means
(=“Go towards the east for …”)
“go”
Adverb

“Yes, the doorknob is supposed

Clockwise
to be turned clockwise.”
In the
In what Lengthwise, both books are just
Lengthwise aspect of
manner, about the same.
length
-wise direction
Hyphen
or
In the (-) is used
aspect “Weather-wise, I don’t think
Weather-wise aspect of to form a
today is a great day for picnic.”
weather compoun
d word

55 | P a g e
Exercise E3
Fill in the blanks by changing the words in brackets into their verb forms. (Hint: be careful with the tense)

Q1. Yvonne recently participated in a psychological experiment that requires her to (identification)
colours and shapes.

Q2. The sky (dark) and turns into pitch black in the blink of an eye.

Q3. UFO fanatics firmly believe that aliens (existence).

Q4. As a universal sign for peace, the dove (symbol) the hope that someday there will be no
war.

Q5. It is (emphasis) in his research paper that the colour blue makes people sorrowful.

Q6. He strongly (advocacy) capitalism.

Q7. A flash of lightning (illumination) the house when I was watching TV.

Q8. “Her death (saddening) all of us, doesn’t it?”

Q9. Teresa (encouraging) her friend to sign up for the singing contest.

Q10. Critics claims that the teen show, 13 Reasons Why, (glorification) suicide.

Q11. Reading is a powerful way to (strength) your knowledge.

Exercise E4
Fill in the blanks by changing the words in brackets into their adverb forms.

Q1. Winnie (clumsy) puts all the boxes into the storage room.

Q2. “You are supposed to go (left), not the opposite direction!”

Q3. During the talk show, the host Bryan Miller try to ask Taylor Swift (natural) about her feud
with Katy Perry.

Q4. Anna (suspicion) put a book in her backpack and started running out from the library.

Q5. (content), this is an excellent piece of writing.

Q6. The town was (complete) destroyed and abandoned after the radiation leakage
accident.

56 | P a g e
Final Exercises E5
Fill in the blanks by changing the words in brackets into suitable forms.

Q1. As Paulina steps into Lorna’s home, she cannot help but notice that her curtains are very
(style).

Q2. Her enemy (cunning) grinned when she saw Wendy made a huge mistake on her paper.

Q3. Their (marry) is now nothing but a legal contract.

Q4. “Be patient, Wally. I’m still (finalize) my part of the project.”

Q5. Beware that the chemicals stored in Facility 125 are (explode).

Q6. The (region) representative of Silver County has briefly illustrated blueprint of our plan.

Q7. Oxford University has published the fifth (edit) of this book.

Q8. (biology) speaking, there is no known useful function of the appendix in modern humans.

Q9. (victim) is common in people suffering from depression.

Q10. Please (note) me when there is any message on my phone.

Q11. I am (mesmerize) by how beautiful the scenery of sea shore is.

57 | P a g e
Final Exercises E6 (Paraphrasing)
Fill in the blanks by changing the words in brackets into suitable forms.

Q1. It is true that most youngsters nowadays are more materialistic.

Adolescent (materialistic) is becoming more common since possessing extravagant items has
been recognized as a symbol of power.

Q2. One of the reasons why teenagers nowadays value material items more than those in the old days is the
advancement of technology.

Due to (technology) advancement, kids have enhanced accessibility to luxurious gadgets

and are increasingly more attached to them.

Q3. On the aspect of environment, increased industrial activities will lead to water pollution.

(environment) speaking, expanding the industrial area will cause contamination of

various water bodies.

Q4. Depression is often resulted by high academic workload.

Because of intensive studying schedules, many students have found themselves

(depression).

Q5. Without legislative works, it is difficult to decide what to do with offenders of crimes.

(legislative) is essential in determining what punishments

(offenders of crime) receive.

Q6. Under the effect of global warming, the rising sea level can submerge coastal areas and islands.

One of the influences that global warming brings, is the (submerge) of islands and areas
along the coasts.

Q7. Racism gives rise to different forms of unfair treatment of ethnic minorities.

Owing to racism, ethnic minorities are often treated (unfair).

Q8. Interior designers are responsible for considering the application of spaces and placement of furniture.

Work of interior designers include (considering) on how spaces are used and arrangement
of placing furniture.

58 | P a g e
Using Synonyms & Antonyms

6 – Transitions (signposting & content-related)

7 – How to Open & Close the Writing

Usages
Describing a Trend

Text Types (& Usage & How to open & Language Features & Tone (formality))
Article

Email/Informal Letter

Formal Letter e.g. Letter to the Editor

Proposal

Review e.g. Poem Review

Speech

Short Story

59 | P a g e