Lab Assignment 2

Student Name: Wajahat Murtaza - FA19-EPE-125

Uzair Sharif - FA19-EPE-124
Saifullah Khan - FA19-EPE-101
Saadullah - FA19-EPE-119
Registration Number: FA19-EPE-125
Class/Section: EPE-3C
Semester: Third

Lab Engineer Name: Miss Madiha Naeem

Corse Teacher Name: Dr. Ahmed Fayyaz
Submission Date: 2 Nov 2020

Marks:

A P C
LAB 5-
Diode Used as a Full Wave Rectifier:
 To observe the input ac signal and output pulsating dc on the Oscilloscope.
 From observation the input has both polarities but output has single polarity.
 Understand the effect of RL on the output voltage
 Observe the effect of filtering capacitor and IC LM7805

Apparatus:
1. AC Power supply or Function Generator
2. Four Diodes
3. Oscilloscope
4. Multi-meter
5. Connecting wires
6. Capacitor
7. LM7805

Procedure:
When AC signal is applied to the rectifier circuit the diode D2and D3 are on for positive half cycle
to produce output as replica of input at the same time, the diodes D1and D4remains off.
When negative half cycle of input signal become the input of rectifier circuit the diodes D2 and
D3 is off but the same time diode D2 and D4 are on.
Use capacitor across the load and see the effect of it.
Use voltage regulator LM7805 here for voltage regulation check the output Voltage.

Connect the circuit as shown in the figure.

 Part-A
Without Load:

Wave Form:
With Load:

Wave Form:
Observations:

Magnitude of output voltage (Without load) = 20 VPP

Magnitude of output voltage (With load) = 8.9V

Part-B

Circuit Diagram:
Wave Form:

Observations:

Magnitude of Output Voltage (with capacitor) = 8.8V

 PART-C
Circuit Diagram:

Observations:

Output Voltage after inserting IC LM 7805 = 5V

Wave Form:

Questions:
1- What is the advantages of full wave bridge rectifier:
Answer:
 The rectification efficiency of a full-wave rectifier is double of that of a half-wave rectifier.
 The rectification efficiency of a full-wave rectifier is double of that of a half-wave rectifier.
 The ripple voltage is low and of higher frequency, in case of full-wave rectifier so simple
filtering circuit is required
 The ripple voltage is low and of higher frequency, in case of full-wave rectifier so simple
filtering circuit is required
2-Write the drawbacks of this rectifier circuit?
Answer:
 It requires four diodes.
 The use of two extra diodes causes an additional voltage drop thereby reducing the output
voltage.
 the total voltage drop in diodes becomes double of that in case of center-tap rectifier, losses
are increased and rectification efficiency is somewhat reduced. This poses a problem when
low voltages are required.

3 - What’s the frequency of output of this rectifier circuit?

Answer:
The fundamental frequency of the ripple voltage is twice that of the AC supply frequency. As we
applied 100Hz of Frequency in this circuit so the output Frequency will be 200Hz.

4- Is the load resistor reduces the ripples of output pulsating dc if yes, how? If
no, why?
Answer:
Lower the value of the load resistance, higher is the load current, quicker is the capacitor
discharged through this load. That means more slant of the waveform of the ripple voltage
instantaneous value towards zero-volt w.r.t time. That represents higher ripple content.

5- Is the output voltage increases with capacitor if yes, how? If no why.?

Answer:
No, Capacitor is only use to filter the Pulsating DC voltage. The basic property of a capacitor is to
prevent any sudden change in the voltage. A capacitor does this by absorbing the excess of voltage
and supplying it whenever it is required. This accounts for several charging and discharging cycles
occurring in the capacitor. Thus, this leads to clearing off the ripples by making the output
waveform quite smooth and it doesn’t increase the output voltage.
6- What is function of ICs LM7805use in this circuit?
Answer:
The LM7805 is a Voltage Regulator that outputs +5 volts. Like most of the Regulators have
three-pin IC; input pin for accepting incoming DC voltage, ground pin for establishing ground
for the regulator, and output pin that supplies the positive 5 volts.

7- What’s the difference between pulsating dc and ripples?

Difference Between Pulsating Dc and Ripples:
Pulsed DC (PDC) or pulsating direct current is a periodic current which changes in value but never
changes direction. It is most commonly found as output of rectifier, half-wave or full-wave. While
the. The ripple contributes to constantly varying voltages at the output of the rectifier which
appears as a pulsating voltage rising from zero to a maximum and back to minimum.

8- Define ripple factor, and its acceptable range of percentage.

Ripple Factor:
The definition of the ripple factor is the ratio of the AC component's RMS value and the DC
component's RMS value within the output of the rectifier.
𝐑𝐌𝐒 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐀𝐂 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐢𝐧 𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐫 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐩𝐮𝐭
𝐑𝐅 =
𝐀𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐕𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐑𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐟𝐢𝐞𝐫 𝐎𝐮𝐭𝐩𝐮𝐭

𝑰′𝒓𝒎𝒔 𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔
𝑹𝑭 = =
𝑰𝒅𝒄 𝑽𝒅𝒄

Ripple factor is generally denoted in percentage like 3 % or 4 %. Percentage ripple factor is

obtained by just multiplying γ by 100.
𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔
× 𝟏𝟎𝟎%
𝑽𝒅𝒄
9- Explain why we prefer the bridge rectifier on central tap transformer
rectifier
Answer:
The advantage of using Bridge rectifier is that no center tapping is required. Thus, we can eliminate
the transformer from the circuit, if the step-down voltage is not required. The main difference
between the conventional rectifier and bridge rectifier is that it produces almost double the output
voltage as a full-wave center-tapped transformer rectifier using the same secondary voltage. The
advantage of using this circuit is that no center-tapped transformer is required. In the center-tapped
rectifier each diode uses only one-half of the transformer secondary voltage, so the DC output is
comparatively small, also it is difficult to locate the center-tap on the secondary winding of the
transformer and the diodes used must have high Peak-inverse voltage.

THE END