BATCH 2021 Cardiovascular Embryology MOCK QUIZ

ITEM Chronological Age-Of-Gestation Source & Resource of Plasma & Blood Components
A Zygotic Period to 10th day AOG A. Maternal Uterine sinusoids
1. 10th day – 10th week AOG B. Yolk Sac
2. 10th week – 7th month AOG C. Liver
3. 2 months before birth D. Spleen; Lymph Nodes; Thymus; Bone Marrow
4. After birth E. Bone Marrow dominantly

ITEM Chronological Age-Of-Gestation Position of the Developing Heart

th
5. 18 day AOG A. Rostral to the primordial brain
6. 20th day B. In front of the forming head/face
7. 21st day C. At the level of cervical/neck region
8. 22nd day D. Inside the thoracic cage abutted by septum diaphragm

ITEM Chronological Milestone Shape of the Forming Heart

B First shape of the developing heart A. Inverted Pyramid
C Second B. Horseshoe-Shape/Inverted “U”
A Third/Adult shape of the heart C. Tube-like (called heart-tube)

ITEM Embryonic Milestones Biological Process during Embryonic Period

1. Cardiac Looping
2. Cephalocaudal in folding
3. Lateral in folding
4. Spiral Course of Septal Formation
A. Changes the “shape” of the forming heart
B. Changes the “position” of the forming heart
C. Transposition of “inferior” atrium and “superior” ventricles
D. Conotruncal Septum Formation (from Neural Crest Cells)
only Ectoderm-derived part of the Heart

ITEM Key Regulatory Function Genes

1. Master Gene for “heart formation” A. NKX-2.5
2. Cell migration of epiblast cells from primitive streak into intraembryonic B. TBX-5 & GATA-4
cavity through GASTRULATION. Key regulatory gene for GASTRULATION.
3. Strong “heart-formation” inhibitors synthesized by Neural Tube C. Wnt 3a + Wnt 8
4. Strong inhibitors of these WNT genes synthesized by Endoderm & Lateral D. Crescent +
Plate Mesoderm Cerberus
5. Cell migration of “Cardiac Progenitor Cells” through Splanchnic Layer of E. BMP 4 & 6
Lateral Plate Mesoderm
6. Gene which sequesters extracellular matrices & proteins needed for F. FGF-8
Myocardium
7. Considered key regulatory genes for “Cardiac Septation” G. GATA-4/6 +
TBX-1 + NKX-2.6
8. Vitamin which commits caudal parts of heart tube as CAUDAL SEGMENTS H. Vit A
9. Considered key regulatory genes for “Conotruncal Septum” Formation I. HNF-3b
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ITEM Chronological Milestone Primordial/Cardiac Progenitor Cells

1. First to arrive A. Outflow Tract (aka Bulbus Cordis)
2. Second B. Most parts of “Trabeculated Primitive Right Ventricle”
3. Third C. LV (Left Ventricle)
4. Fourth D. Common Atrium
5. Last to arrive E. Sinus Venosus (Smooth Walled Main Venous Drainage)

ITEM Period Covered Developmental Milestones

1. Day 23 to Day 28 A. Cardiac Looping
2. Day 27 to Day 37 B. Cardiac Septation

ITEM Segments of Bulbus Cordis Adult Derivatives

1. Distal 3rd (Truncus Arteriosus) A. Proximal Halves of Pulmonary Trunk + Ascending Aorta
2. Middle 3rd (Conus Cordis) B. Conus Infundibulum + Aortic Vestibule
3. Proximal 3rd near LV C. Primitive Trabeculated Right Ventricle
BATCH 2021 Cardiovascular Embryology MOCK QUIZ

ITEM Segments of Aortic Sac Adult Derivatives

2. Aortic Sac A. Distal Half of Ascending Aorta
2. Right Aortic Root B. Brachiocephalic Trunk
3. Left Aortic Root C. First 2cm of Aortic Arch

Symmetry is Maintained

ITEM Aortic Arches Adult Derivatives

1. First Aortic Arch A. Maxillary Artery
2. Second Aortic Arch B. Stapedial Artery & Hyoidal Artery
3. Third Aortic Arch C. Common Carotid Artery & Internal Carotid Artery
4. Fifth Aortic Arch D. Will Obliterate

Symmetrical Characteristic is Lost

ITEM Aortic Arches (AA) Adult Derivatives

1. Right 4th AA A. Right Subclavian Artery (Proximal Half)
2. Left 4th AA B. Remaining cm of Aortic Arch
3. Right 6th AA C. Right Pulmonary artery
4. Left 6th AA D. Left Pulmonary artery + Ductus Arteriosus

ITEM Adult Structures Anlage

1. Right Subclavian Artery (Distal Half) A. Right 7th Intersegmental Artery
2. The whole Left Subclavian Artery B. Left 7th Intersegmental Artery

ITEM Key Regulatory Function Genes

1. Promoter Genes to induced expression of PITX-2 A. HAND-1
2. Master Gene for “Left-Sided Organs” B. HAND-2
3. Master Genes for “Right-Sided Organs” C. PITX-2
4. Repressor of Lefty Genes D. Snail + NKX-3.2
5. Master Gene for “Right Ventricle” Development E. TBX-5 + GATA-4
6. Master Gene for “Left Ventricle” Development F. FGF-3 + GATA-4
7. Key regulatory genes for Endocardial Cushion Formation & its fate G. SHH + T-gene
8. Key regulatory genes for Interatrial Septal & Interventricular Septal Formation H. Nodal + Lefty-2
T-gene is also termed as “Brachyury Gene”

ITEM Posterior Cardinal Vein’s Tributaries Adult Derivatives

1. Supracardinal Vein A. Intercostal Veins of rib cage
2. Subcardinal Vein B. Renal Veins
3. Sacrocardinal Vein C. Common Iliac Veins

ITEM Tributaries of Sinus Venosus Adult Derivatives

1. Sinus Venosus + Right Sinus Horn A. Sinus Venarum of Right Atrium (Smooth Wall)
2. Right Anterior Cardinal Vein B. Superior Vena Cava
3. Right Posterior Cardinal Vein C. Inferior Vena Cava
4. Left Sinus Horn + Left Common D. Oblique Vein of Left Atrium + Coronary
Cardinal Vein Sinus
5. Right Vitteline Vein E. Portal Vein + Superior Mesenteric Vein

ITEM Embryonic Structures Adult Derivatives

1. Septum Spurium + remaining segment of Left Venous Valve A. Septum Secudum
2. Upper ½ of Right Venous Valve (remaining segment) B. Eustachian Valve
3. Lower ½ of Right Venous Valve (remaining segment) C. Thebesian Valve
4. Proximal-most (inferior) Segment of Conotruncal D. Membranous Valve of IVS
Septum

By: Jose Antonio P. Amistad, MD

Go La Salle!