MCQ

Which of the following is incorrect regarding blood?

A. Plasma is predominantly water
B. Thrombocytes are responsible for clotting blood
C. Erythrocytes undergo mainly aerobic metabolism
D. Approximately 45% of blood is composed of cells

Which of the following is not a feature of haemocyanin?

A. When oxygenated, it is blue
B. Contains iron
C. Floats free in plasma
D. Works better at low temperatures

Which is true in regards to oxygen dissociation?

A. The myoglobin oxygen saturation and haemoglobin oxygen saturation is highest at
the lungs
a. Myoglobin is found in muscles and follows a hyperbolic curve; not sigmoidal
B. Foetal haemoglobin has a lower oxygen saturation compared to maternal
haemoglobin at the same oxygen partial pressure
a. Higher*
C. In a more basic environment, haemoglobin oxygen saturation is higher at
constant oxygen partial pressure
a. Low pH = low affinity
D. Acclimation to higher altitudes is seen on an oxygen dissociation curve as a shift to
the left
a. right*; right shows a greater ability for O2 to offload and a left one shows
higher O2 affinity at lower partial pressures (seen in llamas)
b. Kahoot answer will need clarification that it is a dissociation curve (word count
limit)

Refer to the following information for the following 2 MCQs:

Jarrod was on a safari while recently on a trip to South Africa, when suddenly the back door
of the jeep he was in flung open and he fell out. Jarrod noticed a Jaguar staring at him and
he began to run as fast as he could.
1. Which of the following correctly matches the physiological response that the capillary
beds would make in Jarrods body in response to this event?
a. Opening of the entire capillary network in Jarrod’s gut and closing of the
entire capillary network in Jarrod’s muscles.
b. Opening of the entire capillary network in both Jarrod’s brain and
muscles.
c. Opening of the entire capillary network in Jarrod’s muscles and 9closure of
the entire capillary network in Jarrod’s gut.
d. Opening of the entire capillary network across Jarrod’s entire body.
2. Which of the following would occur to Jarrod’s heart rate while he was running away?
a. Increase in heart rate, with an increase in duration of diastole compared to at
rest.
b. Increase in heart rate, with an increase in duration of systole compared to at
rest.
c. Increase in heart rate, with no change to duration of systole or diastole
compared to at rest.
d. Increase in heart rate, with a decrease in duration of diastole compared
to at rest.

3. Why must the pressure in the capillaries be less than the pressure in the arteries?
a. As the vessels branch off from the major arteries, they get smaller and distribute the
pressure evenly between them.
b. Due to the functionality in diffusion, the thin walls of the capillaries do not
make them suited to withstand high pressures.
c. Trick question - the pressure in the arteries and the capillaries are the same.
d. The increased velocity of blood in the capillaries results in a decrease in vasculature
pressure.

4. What is the major problem that lead to the evolution of the circulatory system in animals?
 a. The complex biochemistry of newer organisms meant they had to get rid of complex
waste products in a sophisticated way.
b. In order to allow animals to move more effectively, there needed to be movement of
a fluid within them to provide kinetic energy to move.
c. As the number of cells grew, the distance that diffusion need to take place
across slowed the rate down to a point where demand of cells could not be met
by the supply.
d. Radiant heat loss as organisms grew larger meant they needed a larger energy
reservoir to maintain their core body temperature.

SA
1) Blood pigments - Fill in the following table outlining the components of blood

Erythrocytes Leucocytes Thrombocytes Plasma

Functions RBC WBC Platelets Transport

and Limited Immune Short lifespan, small cell medium
Features lifespan (~120 functions fragments pinched off composed of
days) from megakaryocytes water, ions/
Anaerobic - Clotting factors cause electrolytes,
no activation of thrombin, proteins
mitochondria which catalyses fibrinogen
No nucleus, → fibrin (fibrin threads
biconcave form clot)
disc
Transport of
oxygen

2) Oxygen dissociation curves

a. Draw an oxygen dissociation curve that depicts the ‘Bohr shift’. Where is oxygen
loading/unloading occuring?
b. Draw an oxygen dissociation curve with 3 lines representing mother haemoglobin, fetal
haemoglobin and myoglobin.

3) Draw a basic circulatory map for each of the following, clearly illustrating the direction of
movement of circulatory fluid:
a. Open-circulatory system.

b. Single circuit closed.

c. Mammalian Double circuit closed.

d. Amphibian double circuit.

4) Outline all of the steps involved in the cardiac cycle and indicate where the blood flow
comes into and goes out from if necessary.

5) Carbon dioxide transport

 a. Use a flow diagram to illustrate how carbon dioxide is taken up by red blood cells and
how it is transferred to the lungs.

6) Outline the electrical activity that is occurring in the heart during the cardiac cycle.
7) What are the components of the innate and adaptive immune systems?