10. ~ neurotransmitters 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 7 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. 27. 28. pee eee eee eee Chapter 7. (Control and Coordination) © (b) @) (d) © (d) ) oO oO @) Auxins medulla oblongata testosterone synapse False True False False True @ (B). GD), it) (©), ) (A) Sensory neurons Spinal cord is a part of the central nervous system and is the centre for reflex actions. It is protected by a bony cage inside the neural cavity of the vertebral column, Brain and spinal cord controls all the activities of the body by cranial nerves and spinal nerves. Hypothalamus Thyroxine from thyroid glands. Hypothalamus Vasopressin from Pit ary gkands. Science—10 o29. There are various organ system 30. (a) Parathormone: 31. 32. 38. Voluntary actions: These actions governed by our somatic nervous s isms w1 all the living orgai ich perform various physiological processes. These organ systems cannot work independently, All the systems are interlinked. Working together of all these systemsis called coordination, which are of two types — chemical coordination and nervous coordination. All these system work in coordination and are controlled by each other. There are many organs in the body of which growth and functions are controlled by the secretions of other organs or glands like pituitary gland Parathyroid. It increases the concentration of Ca** in blood plasma, (0) Progesterone: Corpus luteum of ovary. It brings about most of the pregnancy changes such as uterine growth, implantation, formation of placenta, etc. We will take the example of adrenal glands to show how the endocrine system coordinates our body activities. There are two adrenal glands in our body, one on top of each kidney. The adrenal glands make adrenaline hormone. The adrenaline hormone prepares our body to function at maximum efficiency during emergency situations like danger, anger, excitement, etc. This happens as follows When we are fi wed with a dangerous situation then our nervous system stimulates the adrenal glands to secure more adrenaline hormone into our blood. This adrenaline hormone increases our heart beat, breathing rate, blood flow into museles and caus of adrenaline hormone produce a lot of energy in our body very, very quickly And this energy helps us to run away very fast from the dog to save ourselves. In this way, adrenaline hormone prepares our body to run away very fast from a frightening object. Similarly, it is the adrenaline hormone which prepares our body to fight an enemy by providing us a lot of energy in a very short time. s liver to put more stored glucose into our body. All these actions, Auxins Cytokinins (i) They are the growth hormones. (i) They are responsible for cell division. (ii) They are synthesised in the shoot tip. | (if) They are synthesised in the endosperms, of seeds and roots. (iii) They are responsible for growth, | (iii) They are responsible for cell division, root formation and production of ageing, initiation of roots, shoots and parthenocarpic fruits apical dominance. stem in which, person has full control over it. It is also responsible for our reflexes, which do not require brain input. Science—10 2)34, Involuntary action: Involuntary action is the set of muscle movement which does not require thinking. These actions are controlled by brain. Example of involuntary actions are beating of heart, breathing, etc. Involuntary actions are concerned with the functioning of the internal body parts 35. (a) Thyroxine ~ It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. () Growth hormone — It regulates growth and development of the body. (©) Insulin — It regulates the level of blood sugar: Science—10 8