EN2314 Hydraulics Lecture 8

LECTURE 8. PUMP SELECTION

• System curve
• Pump performance curves
• Q versus H, P & h
• Series & parallel
• Operating point
• Dimensional analysis and
affinity laws
• Diurnal demand
• Examples
Armstrong 4300

PUMP LABORATORY

Dr J D Millington, Cardiff University 1

EN2314 Hydraulics Lecture 8

PUMP DATA: ABS J205 ND, 60Hz (3500 rpm)

Flowrate, Q (l/s) Head, H (m) Power, Pout (kW) Efficiency, h (%)
0.0 36.0 12.6 -1.33
10.0 34.1 15.9 20.6
20.0 32.9 18.4 35.6
30.0 32.0 20.4 46.3
40.1 31.0 22.2 54.5
50.1 29.8 23.7 61.1
60.1 28.0 24.8 66.4
70.1 25.3 25.3 69.6
80.1 21.4 24.6 69.2
90.0 16.0 22.2 63.0
100.0 8.67 17.2 47.6
106.0 3.70 12.9 33.6
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PUMP PERFORMANCE CURVES

(ABS J205 ND 60Hz, 3500rpm)

70%

efficiency

HEAD 24.9 kW

24.0 m power

74

P = r g Q H / h = 1000 x 9.81 x 0.074 x 24.0 / 0.70 = 24.9 kW 4

Dr J D Millington, Cardiff University 2

EN2314 Hydraulics Lecture 8

SERIES OR PARALLEL?

4 pumps: 2 x 2
2 pumps in series

2 pumps in parallel
1 pump

SYSTEM CURVE: BURTON PS  LAMBERT’S HILL SR

H = 96.75 + 1847 Q2

108.87
12.12m losses at 81l/s
96.75
Head (m)

0.081
Q (m3/s)
6

Dr J D Millington, Cardiff University 3

EN2314 Hydraulics Lecture 8

SYSTEM + ‘N x PUMP’ CURVES

Head (m)
operating point
5 pumps (at 79 l/s)

4 pumps
system curve
108.87

3 pumps
2 pumps

1 pump
Q (m3/s)
0.081
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PUMP + ‘SYSTEM / N’ CURVES

Head (m)

system curve

operating point
(at 79 l/s) system / 2

system / 3
system / 4
108.87 / 5 system / 5
pump curve
Q (m3/s)
0.081
8

Dr J D Millington, Cardiff University 4

EN2314 Hydraulics Lecture 8

SYSTEM CURVE CALCS: 5 PUMPS

H = DZ + F Q2  Hpipe = 96.75 + 1847 Qpipe2
System curve per pump
• Series: Hpipe = 5 x Hpump

high head
\ 5 Hpump = 96.75 + 1847 Q2
Hpump = (96.75 / 5) + (1847 / 5) Q2
Hpump = 19.35 + 369 Q2
• Parallel: Qpipe = 5 x Qpump
\ H = 96.75 + 1847 (5 Qpump)2

high flow
H = 96.75 + 1847 x 25 Qpump2
H = 96.75 + 46175 Qpump2

OPERATING PERFORMANCE
(ABS J205 ND 60Hz, 3500rpm)

68%
H (m) / P (kW) / h (%)

efficiency

head 24.7 kW

21.7 m power

79
Q (l/s)
P = r g Q H / h = 1000 x 9.81 x 0.079 x 21.7 / 0.68 = 24.7 kW 10

Dr J D Millington, Cardiff University 5

EN2314 Hydraulics Lecture 8

FUNDAMENTAL DIMENSIONS
Quantity Definition Units Dimensions
Length m L
Area Length x Length m2 L2
Volume Length x Length x Length m3 L3
Time s T
Discharge Volume / Time m3/s L3T-1
Velocity Length / Time m/s LT-1
Acceleration Velocity / Time m/s2 LT-2
Mass kg M
Force Mass x Acceleration N MLT-2
Work or energy Force x Distance Nm or J ML2T-2
Power Work / Time J/s or W ML2T-3
Pressure Force / Area N/m2 ML-1T-2
Mass density Mass / Volume kg/m3 ML-3
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DIMENSIONAL HOMOGENEITY
Units of F?
𝐿 𝑇
Φ= ⇒ = units of m2/s5
𝐿 𝑇 𝐿
Manning’s n

⁄
⁄ 𝐿 𝐿 ⁄ 𝑇
𝑛= ⇒ = / units of s/m1/3
𝐿 𝑇 𝐿
Bernoulli Equation

𝐿𝑇 𝑀𝐿 𝑇
𝑧 + + ⇒ 𝐿+ + = 𝐿+𝐿+𝐿 P
𝐿𝑇 𝑀𝐿 𝐿𝑇

12

Dr J D Millington, Cardiff University 6

EN2314 Hydraulics Lecture 8

PERFORMANCE EQUATIONS & AFFINITY LAWS

Hamill chapter 10 Dimensional Analysis

Rayleigh method (pp355-357) and Buckingham P (pp359-361)
𝑄 ⁄𝑁𝐷 = 𝑓 𝑔𝐻 ⁄𝑁 𝐷 𝑃⁄𝜌𝑁 𝐷 = 𝑓 𝑔𝐻 ⁄𝑁 𝐷
Hamill chapter 11: Turbines and Pumps (pp402) Similarity Laws (TE47 Pump Lab user guide)
𝑄 ⁄𝑁𝐷 = 𝑐 Flow coefficient, 𝜙 = 𝑄 ⁄𝑁𝐷
⁄
𝑄 ⁄𝐷 𝐻 =𝑐
⁄
𝑄 ⁄𝑁𝐷 × 𝐷 𝐻 ⁄𝑄 = 𝑐
𝐻 ⁄𝑁 𝐷 = 𝑐 Head coefficient, 𝜏 = 𝑔𝐻 ⁄𝑁 𝐷

𝑃 ⁄𝑁 𝐷 = 𝑐 Power coefficient, 𝜋 = 𝑃⁄𝜌𝑁 𝐷

[D = impeller diameter, g = acceleration due to gravity, H = head, N = pump speed, P = power, Q = volume flowrate, r = density]
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↑
keep constant

BURTON PS TO LAMBERT’S HILL SR

Calculate N, H and P for 81 l/s
• With D constant, use flow coefficient, f i.e. QA / NA = QB / NB
hence NB = NA QB / QA = 3500 x 81 / 79 = 3589 rpm
• With D constant, use head coefficient, t i.e. HA / NA2 = HB / NB2
hence HB = HA NB2 / NA2 = 21.7 x 35892 / 35002 = 22.8 m
 5 x (22.8 – 21.7) = 5.5 m total extra head
• With D constant, use power coefficient, p i.e. PA / NA3 = PB / NB3
hence PB = PA NA3 / NB3 = 24.7 x 35893 / 35003 = 26.6 kW
 5 x 26.6 = 133 kW total power

14

Dr J D Millington, Cardiff University 7

EN2314 Hydraulics Lecture 8

PUMP – SPECIFIC SPEED

Specific speeds, pump: 𝑁 = 𝑁𝑄 / ⁄𝐻 / (and for a turbine: 𝑁 = 𝑁𝑃 / ⁄𝐻 / )

10 < NS < 70  centrifugal pump
70 < NS < 170  mixed flow pump
110 < NS  axial flow pump
We’re using too small a pump,
ABS J205: 𝑁 = 𝑁𝑄 / ⁄𝐻 / = 3589 × 0.081 / ⁄22.8 / = 97 meant for dewatering
excavations on site…
Armstrong 4300: 𝑁 = 𝑁𝑄 / ⁄𝐻 / = 1620 × 0.081 / ⁄24.5 / = 42

15

ARMSTRONG 4300 PUMP: 5 NO. 200 X 290 X 280

system / 5

75 l/s, 21 m,
18.5 kW, 85%

81 l/s
16

Dr J D Millington, Cardiff University 8

EN2314 Hydraulics Lecture 8

BURTON PS TO LAMBERT’S HILL SR

Determine the annual electricity costs assuming Typical daily water demand
pumps run for 7 hours at night at 12p/kWh
and for 5 hours in the day at 15p/kWh

(133 x 7 x 0.12 + 133 x 5 x 0.15) x 365 =

= (111.72 + 99.75) x 365
= £11.2k

17

BURTON PS

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Dr J D Millington, Cardiff University 9

EN2314 Hydraulics Lecture 8

Pumps: duty / standby / assist

19

SPP SPLIT CASE PUMPS

150/45-2L
109 m

81 l/s 20

Dr J D Millington, Cardiff University 10

EN2314 Hydraulics Lecture 8

FLOOD RELIEF ON KING’S SEDGEMOOR DRAIN, DUNBALL

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REVISION QUESTIONS

1. Estimate the optimum number of ABS pumps in series / parallel

combination required for the Example Main when new from Unit H2
- Pipe Flow (24 Ml/day, 80.4m) and determine the operating point
2. Use the affinity / similarity laws to determine N, H and P for the
design flow and calculate the pump’s specific speed, Ns
3. Determine the annual electricity costs assuming pumps run for 7
hours at night at 12p/kWh and for 5 hours in the day at 15p/kWh

22

Dr J D Millington, Cardiff University 11

EN2314 Hydraulics Lecture 8

CONCLUSION – PUMP SELECTION

• System curve
• Pump performance curves
• Q versus H, P & h
• Series & parallel See previous slide
• Operating point for revision questions
• Dimensional analysis and affinity laws
• Diurnal demand
• Examples

23

Dr J D Millington, Cardiff University 12