9.

3 The Slope-Deflection Equations

>>When you're done reading this section, check your understanding with the interactive
quiz at the bottom of the page.

The slope-deflection method relies on the use of the slope-deflection equation, which

relate the rotation of an element (both rotation of the nodes at the ends of the element
and rigid body rotation of the entire element) to the total moments at either end. The
ultimate goal of the slope deflection equations is to find the end moments for each
member in the structure as a function of all of the DOFs associated with the member.
From there, we can apply equilibrium conditions at all of the joints to solve for the
unknown rotations. This is the system of equations that we will have to solve: the
equations are the equilibrium equations for each node and the unknowns are the
translations and rotations of the nodes.

The first step is that we need an expression for the moment at each end of an
arbitrary member in an indeterminate structure in terms of the rotations and
translations of the nodes at either end. If there are loads between the nodes (i.e.
distributed loads, point loads, or moments along the length of the member), then we will
need a way to consider the effect of those as well.

Such an arbitrary member that we will use to develop the slope deflection
equations is shown in Figure 9.2. We will consider that this member is a smaller part of
a larger structure, so at each end there is a section cut, and at each cut there is a shear
force and a moment. We will be most concerned about the moments at the ends. At the
left end, the moment is labelled MABMAB, where the first letter in the subscript is the
node that the moment is applied to (in this case node A) and the second letter is the
node at the other end of the member (in this case node B). At the right end, the moment
at the cut is labelled MBAMBA since the moment is applied at node B, and the other
end of the member is at point A. This naming convention allows us to distinguish
between the moments at either end of a member (e.g. MABMAB and MBAMBA) and
between moments from different members that all must be in equilibrium at a single
node (e.g. MABMAB is the moment applied to node A by member AB
and MACMAC would be the moment applied to node A by member AC).
 Figure 9.2: Deformation of a Finite Portion of an Indeterminate Structure
The member shown at the top of Figure 9.2 may also have some arbitrary external
loading between the two end nodes as shown.

It is important to point out that, as shown in Figure 9.2, since the slope-deflection

method will involve evaluating equilibrium of individual point moments at different
nodes, then we are most interested in the absolute rotational direction of the moments,
not the internal moment sign convention (see previous Section 1.6). So, in these
analyses we will consider all counter-clockwise moments to be positive and all clockwise
moments to be negative.

Based on the positive point moment sign convention (counter-clockwise), the

general deformed shape of member is shown at the bottom of Figure 9.2. Each end of
the element (at node A or B) has its own rotation relative to the element's initial position
(θAθA and θBθB) as shown in the figure. In addition, node B can translate vertically by
an amount ΔΔ relative to node A as also shown. This will result in a rotation of the
entire element. We can represent this overall rigid body rotation by the rotation of the
element chord (i.e. a straight line connecting point A and B). The rotation of this chord
(with the greek symbol psi ψψ) is equal to:

ψ=ΔL(1)(1)ψ=ΔL
where ΔΔ is the vertical translation of node B relative to node A, and LL is the total
length of the element between nodes A and B. Note that we are assuming that the
rotations are small. There is no relative horizontal translation between nodes A and B
since we are assuming that our elements are axially rigid for the slope-deflection
method.

Due to the chord rotation ψψ, not all of the rotation at each end
(θAθA and θBθB) will cause internal moment in the member. It is only the amount of
rotation relative to the chord of the member that will cause internal moment. If we
would like to find only the rotation at each end that is associated with the internal
moment in the element, then we must remove the component of the total rotation that is
caused by the chord rotation, as shown in the lower diagram in Figure 9.2. The relative
rotations between the beam end and the chord are then equal to:

θA,relθA,relθB,relθB,rel=θA−ψ=θA−ΔL=θB−ψ=θB−ΔL(2)(3)(4)(5)
(2)θA,rel=θA−ψ(3)θA,rel=θA−ΔL(4)θB,rel=θB−ψ(5)θB,rel=θB−ΔL
Continuing to try and find an expression for the moment at each end of the
element in terms of the DOF translations and rotations, we can take advantage of
superposition to determine the total internal moments caused by both the end moments
and by the loads in between the element end nodes. The three components of that
superposition are shown in Figure 9.3. The internal moment due to the end
moments MABMAB and MBAMBA are easy to construct. The internal moment due
to the external loading between A and B is more difficult to handle because it changes
for different types of loading. So, at this stage, we will consider that moment diagram
caused by the external loading between A and B to have an arbitrary shape as shown in
the figure.
 Figure 9.3: Superposition of the Moments in a Finite Portion of a Continuous
Indeterminate Structure
This has all given us a relationship between the end moments and external forces
to the internal moments. If we can now relate these internal moments to the rotation
and translation at both ends of the beam, then we will, in turn, be able to relate the
nodal rotations and translations to the end moments and external forces. We can use
the moment area method from Chapter 5 to find the rotations and translations caused
by the internal moments (converted to curvatures of course) as shown in Figure 9.4.
Each superimposed moment diagram cause a different rotation at either end of the
member. We will be able to use superposition to add the effects of all three. Of course,
the rotations that we are talking about here are the relative rotations at the ends of the
element θA,relθA,rel and θB,relθB,rel (which are relative to the chord rotation);
however, these are related to the total rotations θAθA and θBθB as described by
equations (2)(2) to (5)(5). So, there will be three different relative rotations at each
end that will all sum up to the total relative rotation at each end based on superposition:

θA,relθB,rel=θA,rel1+θA,rel2+θA,rel3=θB,rel1+θB,rel2+θB,rel3(6)(7)
(6)θA,rel=θA,rel1+θA,rel2+θA,rel3(7)θB,rel=θB,rel1+θB,rel2+θB,rel3
 Figure 9.4: Using the Moment Area Method to Construct the Slope-Deflection
Equation
To determine each relative rotation component using the moment area theorem,
all of the required curvature diagrams are shown in Figure 9.4 along with the
appropriate application of the second moment area theorem for each on the right side of
the figure. For the curvature caused by end moment MABMAB:

ΔA/BΔB/A=(12)(L)(MABEI)(L3)=MABL26EI=(12)(L)

(MABEI)(2L3)=MABL23EI(8)(9)(8)ΔA/B=(12)(L)(MABEI)
(L3)=MABL26EI(9)ΔB/A=(12)(L)(MABEI)(2L3)=MABL23EI
and, since θ=ΔLθ=ΔL:

θA,rel1θB,rel1=ΔB/AL=MABL3EI=−ΔA/BL=−MABL6EI(10)(11)
(10)θA,rel1=ΔB/AL=MABL3EI(11)θB,rel1=−ΔA/BL=−MABL6EI
As Figure 9.4 shows, θA,rel1θA,rel1 should be positive and θB,rel1θB,rel1 should be
negative.

Similarly, for the curvature caused by end moment MABMAB as shown

in Figure 9.4:

θA,rel2θB,rel2=−ΔB/AL=−MBAL6EI=ΔA/BL=+MBAL3EI(12)(13)
(12)θA,rel2=−ΔB/AL=−MBAL6EI(13)θB,rel2=ΔA/BL=+MBAL3EI
The last curvature diagram, the one based on the external loading between the end
nodes A and B, is not precisely defined in Figure 9.4 because it depends on the loading.
So, we will assume for now that we can find the moment of the area for use with the
second moment area theorem and that we can use that to
find θA,rel3θA,rel3 and θB,rel3θB,rel3:

θA,rel3θB,rel3=−ΔB/A,extL=ΔA/B,extL(14)(15)
(14)θA,rel3=−ΔB/A,extL(15)θB,rel3=ΔA/B,extL
Now we can find the total relative rotation at both nodes using equations (6)
(6) and (7)(7):

θA,relθB,rel=MABL3EI−MBAL6EI−ΔB/A,extL=−MABL6EI+MBAL3EI+
ΔA/B,extL(16)(17)
(16)θA,rel=MABL3EI−MBAL6EI−ΔB/A,extL(17)θB,rel=−MABL6EI+MBAL
3EI+ΔA/B,extL
Substituting in equations (2)(2) and (4)(4):

θA−ψθB−ψ=MABL3EI−MBAL6EI−ΔB/A,extL=−MABL6EI+MBAL3EI
+ΔA/B,extL(18)(19)
(18)θA−ψ=MABL3EI−MBAL6EI−ΔB/A,extL(19)θB−ψ=−MABL6EI+MBAL3
EI+ΔA/B,extL
This gives us two expressions for the rotations of nodes A and B in terms of the end
moment and the external force (assuming we can
find ΔA/B,extΔA/B,ext and ΔB/A,extΔB/A,ext somehow using the second moment
area theorem). The nodal translations are embedded in the parameter ψψ which is a
function of the relative translation of the two end nodes as previously discussed.

What we want, though, is the reverse. We want expressions for the end
moments MABMAB and MBAMBA in terms of the nodal translations and rotations.
To get these, all we have to do is rearrange the two simultaneous equations (18)
(18) and (19)(19) to solve in terms of the end moments:

MABMBA=2EIL(2θA+θB−3ψ)
+2EIL2(2ΔA/B,ext−ΔB/A,ext)=2EIL(θA+2θB−3ψ)
+2EIL2(ΔA/B,ext−2ΔB/A,ext)(20)(21)(20)MAB=2EIL(2θA+θB−3ψ)
+2EIL2(2ΔA/B,ext−ΔB/A,ext)(21)MBA=2EIL(θA+2θB−3ψ)
+2EIL2(ΔA/B,ext−2ΔB/A,ext)
The second term in each of these equations (the one
with ΔA/B,extΔA/B,ext and ΔA/B,extΔA/B,ext) is caused by the external loading
on the element between the two end nodes. We had speculated previously that it would
be possible to find these second moment area theorem terms if we knew the loading, but
there is an easier way.

Let's see what happens if we isolate the second terms of equations (20)

(20) and (21)(21). We can do this by looking at the case where all rotations and
translations are equal to zero (i.e. θ=0θ=0 and ψ=0ψ=0). If we do this, we get the
following equations for MABMAB and MBAMBA:
MABMBA=2EIL2(2ΔA/B,ext−ΔB/A,ext)=2EIL2(ΔA/B,ext−2ΔB/A,ext)(22)
(23)(22)MAB=2EIL2(2ΔA/B,ext−ΔB/A,ext)
(23)MBA=2EIL2(ΔA/B,ext−2ΔB/A,ext)
This does not help us on its own, but let's look at what is happening in the element when
we set the rotations and translations to zero. This condition is illustrated in Figure 9.5. If
we have zero rotation and zero translation at both ends of the element, it is as if the ends
of the element have fixed supports at either end, as shown in the figure. This results in
a 3∘3∘ indeterminate beam structure. But, if we can find the reaction moments at the
fixed ends, those are the solution to MABMAB and MBAMBA when θ=0θ=0 at
both ends and ψ=0ψ=0. Let's assume that we can easily solve for those reaction
moments and call them FEMABFEMAB for the reaction support moment of the
fixed end beam on the left side (equivalent to MABMAB) and FEMBAFEMBA for
the reaction support moment of the fixed end beam on the right side (equivalent
to MBAMBA).
 Figure 9.5: Fixed End Moments

Putting these fixed end moments back into equations (22)(22) and (23)(23),

we get:

FEMABFEMBA=2EIL2(2ΔA/B,ext−ΔB/A,ext)=2EIL2(ΔA/B,ext−2ΔB/A,e
xt)(24)(25)(24)FEMAB=2EIL2(2ΔA/B,ext−ΔB/A,ext)
(25)FEMBA=2EIL2(ΔA/B,ext−2ΔB/A,ext)
So, the second terms of equations (20)(20) and (21)(21) may be replaced by the
fixed end moments. The resulting equations are called the slope-deflection equations:

MAB=2EIL(2θA+θB−3ψ)+FEMAB(26)(26)MAB=2EIL(2θA+θB−3ψ)
+FEMAB
 MBA=2EIL(θA+2θB−3ψ)+FEMBA(27)(27)MBA=2EIL(θA+2θB−3ψ)
+FEMBA
where MABMAB is the end moment of element AB at node A, MBAMBA is the end
moment of element AB at node B, θAθA is the rotation of node A, θBθB is the rotation
of node B, ψψ is the chord rotation as per equation (1)(1), EE is the material Young's
modulus, II is the element moment of inertia, and LL is the length of the element.

But how do we find the fixed end

moment FEMABFEMAB and FEMBAFEMBA? Typically, the easiest way to
evaluate these is to use a pre-calculated table such as the one shown in Figure 9.6. Using
this table, the fixed end moments may be determined for different loading conditions. If
there are multiple different loading conditions on the same elements (e.g. a distributed
load and a point load), then the fixed end moments caused by those separate loading
conditions may be simply added together using superposition to find the
total FEMABFEMAB or FEMBAFEMBA (separately at each end). When using
this table, do not forget that counter-clockwise moments are positive and clockwise
moments are negative. So, using Figure 9.6, for the point load diagram shown at the top
left of the figure, the fixed end moment at the left end of the element would
be +PL8+PL8 and the fixed end moment at the right would be −PL8−PL8.
 Figure 9.6: Fixed End Moments Table

The slope deflection equations from equations (26)(26) and (27)(27) may also

be restated in a single equation as:
 Mnf=2EIL(2θn+θf−3ψ)+FEMnf(28)(28)Mnf=2EIL(2θn+θf−3ψ)+FEMnf
where instead of referring to nodes A and B, it refers to node nn, which is the near end
(the end that you are finding the end moment for) and node ff is the far end (the node at
the opposite end of the element).

If we have an element in the structure that has zero moment at one end then the
entire analysis above may be redone to take advantage of the extra information. This can
happen if the member has one end on an external pin or roller, it is the only member
connected at that point, and it does not have any external point moment at that point.
This situation is illustrated in Figure 9.7. For this situation, the analysis will result in the
following modified slope-deflection equations:

Mrh=3EIL(θr−ψ)+(FEMrh−FEMhr2)(29)(29)Mrh=3EIL(θr−ψ)+
(FEMrh−FEMhr2)
Mhr=0(30)(30)Mhr=0
where node rr is the node at the rigid end (a continuous end or an end that has a fixed
end support) and node hh is the node at the hinged or pinned end that cannot resist
moment. Notice that, unlike equation (28)(28), which has two different
rotations θnθn and θfθf, this equation only has one rotation θrθr. This effectively
reduces the number of unknown rotations that we will have to solve in the slope-
deflection method analysis. It also therefore reduces the number of simultaneous
equations that must be solved at the end of the problem. Therefore, it is always a good
idea to take advantage of equations (29)(29) and (30)(30) when possible to reduce
the overall amount of work.
 Figure 9.7: Free Body Diagram for a Finite Portion of an Indeterminate Structure
with one End that Cannot Resist Moment
 
Book traversal links for 9.3 The Slope-Deflection
Equations
 9.2 Degrees of Freedom
 

Up

 9.4 The Slope-Deflection Method for Beams

Interactive Quiz

9.4 The Slope-Deflection Method for Beams

>>When you're done reading this section, check your understanding with the interactive
quiz at the bottom of the page.

The slope-deflection equations give us the moment at either end of each element within
a structure as a function of both end rotations, the chord rotation, and the fixed end
moments caused by the external loads between the nodes (see Section 9.3).

MAB=2EIL(2θA+θB−3ψ)+FEMAB(1)(1)MAB=2EIL(2θA+θB−3ψ)
+FEMAB
 MBA=2EIL(θA+2θB−3ψ)+FEMBA(2)(2)MBA=2EIL(θA+2θB−3ψ)
+FEMBA
Mnf=2EIL(2θn+θf−3ψ)+FEMnf(3)(3)Mnf=2EIL(2θn+θf−3ψ)+FEMnf

Mrh=3EIL(θr−ψ)+(FEMrh−FEMhr2)(4)(4)Mrh=3EIL(θr−ψ)+
(FEMrh−FEMhr2)
Mhr=0(5)(5)Mhr=0
After we have those equations determined, we can apply moment equilibrium
equations at each node, i.e. all the moments applied to the node must add to zero. Then
we can solve those equations simultaneously to find the end rotations. These end
rotations may then be substituted back into the slope-deflection equations to find the
real moments at the ends of all of the members. From these moments, we can find the
shears and reactions and the moment diagrams for the entire structure.

The entire process for an indeterminate beam is summarized as follows:

1. Find all of the unrestrained DOFs in the beam structure.

2. Define an equilibrium equation for each DOF (for rotations, the sum of all
moments at each rotating node must equal zero).
3. Find the moments to put into the equilibrium conditions using the slope
deflection equations (either (1)(1)/(2)(2)/(3)(3) for regular members or (4)
(4)/(5)(5) if the element has a pin or hinge at the end). To do this:
a. For each element that has an external force between the nodes, find the
fixed end moments at either end using Figure 9.6.
b. If there are any support settlements or imposed displacements at node
locations, find the chord rotations caused by that
settlement/displacement.
c. Construct each slope deflection equation.
4. Put the slope deflection moments into the equilibrium equations and use the
resulting equilibrium equations to solve for the values of the unknown DOF
rotations (by solving the system of equations).
5. Use the now-known DOF rotations to find the real end moments for each element
of the beam (sub the rotations back into the slope-deflection equations).
6. Use the end moments and external loadings to find the shears and reactions.
7. Draw the resultant shear and bending moment diagrams.
Example
The slope-deflection method for beams will be illustrated using the example structure
shown in Figure 9.8. This structure is 4∘4∘ indeterminate, and so would be difficult to
solve using the force method. Nodes A and C are fixed and so do not have any degrees-
of-freedom (DOFs). Node B cannot move horizontally since it is restrained by members
AB and BC, which are both fixed horizontally. Node B is also restrained from moving
vertically due to the roller support at that location; however, node B can rotate. The total
rotation of node B is θBθB. Overall, this structure has only one DOF, which means it is
a good structure to analyse using the slope-deflection method.

Figure 9.8: Indeterminate Beam Analysis using the Slope-Deflection Method

Example
In addition to the external distributed load on member AB and the point load at
the centre of member BC, there is a support settlement of 30mm30mm downwards at
point B.

For the sole rotational DOF at node B, the equilibrium condition will be:

MBA+MBC=0MBA+MBC=0
where MBAMBA is the moment at the end of member AB at node B, and MBCMBC is
the moment at the end of member BC at node B. These two moments are the only
moments that act at point B. For equilibrium to be maintained, the moments around
node B must sum to zero.

The next step is to construct the slope-deflection equations for each member to
find an expression for the moment at each end in terms of the end rotations, chord
rotation, and fixed end moments. There are two slope deflection equations for each
member (one for the moment at each end). We first need to find the chord rotations and
fixed end moments for both members, since they are a required input for the slope-
deflection equations.

The calculation of the chord rotations for each member are shown in Figure 9.9.
When the vertical support at node B settles by 30mm30mm, it takes point B
downwards with it. This results in a rotation of the chord of the member. Recall that the
element chord is just a straight line that joins the two ends of the member without
regard to the actual deflected shape of the beam, as shown in the figure. The chord
rotation for member AB can be found using equation (6)(6):

ψ=ΔL(6)(6)ψ=ΔL
ψABψABψAB=ΔBLAB=30mm9000mm=−0.00333radψAB=ΔBLABψAB
=30mm9000mmψAB=−0.00333rad
where LABLAB is the length of member AB. There is only one value for the chord
rotation for each element. If we think about the chord of member AB rotating about
point A, it rotates clockwise (negative rotation) when the support at B settles
downwards. Likewise, if we think about the chord of AB rotating about point B, the
element chord still rotates clockwise when the support at B settles (still negative
rotation). Similarly, for member BC, the chord rotation is:

ψBCψBCψBC=ΔBLBC=306000=+0.00500radψBC=ΔBLBCψBC=306000
ψBC=+0.00500rad
This time, the rotation of the chord is counter-clockwise when the support at B settles
(positive rotation). Both of these chord rotations will be used in the slope deflection
equations for the beam elements.
 Figure 9.9: Indeterminate Beam Analysis using the Slope-Deflection Method
Example - Chord Rotations
The fixed end moments for each beam element are found using the different
scenarios shown in Figure 9.6. Member AB has an external triangular distributed load
with a maximum value of 30kN/m30kN/m. The fixed end moments for this
member with a triangular distributed load are found under the 'Distributed Loads'
heading in the figure. The calculation of the fixed end moments for AB using the values
from Figure 9.6 are shown in Figure 9.10. The calculation results in a fixed end moment
on the left side of the member of FEMAB=+81kNmFEMAB=+81kNm (positive
because it is counter-clockwise), and on the right side of the member
of FEMBA=−125kNmFEMBA=−125kNm (negative because it is clockwise).
Likewise, for member BC, which has a single point load, the fixed end moments
are FEMBC=+75kNmFEMBC=+75kNm on the left (CCW)
and FEMCB=−75kNmFEMCB=−75kNm on the right (CW).

Figure 9.10: Indeterminate Beam Analysis using the Slope-Deflection Method

Example - Fixed End Moments
Now we can construct the slope-deflection equations for each beam element.
Neither of the beam elements have a pin or hinge at the end, so we will use equation  (3)
(3). The roller at point B does not count as a pin end since the beam is continuous there
(so clearly the internal moment at point B will not be equal to zero). The general slope-
deflection equation from equation (3)(3) is:

Mnf=2EIL(2θn+θf−3ψ)+FEMnfMnf=2EIL(2θn+θf−3ψ)+FEMnf
For the moment at the end of member AB at point A, A is the near side and B is the far
side, so:

MABMAB=2EIL(2θA+θB−3ψAB)
+FEMAB=2EI9(2θA+θB−3(−0.00333))
 +81MAB=2EIL(2θA+θB−3ψAB)
+FEMABMAB=2EI9(2θA+θB−3(−0.00333))+81
But, since node A is fixed, then we know that θA=0θA=0, so:

MAB=2EI9(θB+0.0100)+81MAB=2EI9(θB+0.0100)+81
For the moment at the end of member AB at point B, B is the near side and A is the
far side, so:

MBAMBA=2EIL(2θB+θA−3ψAB)
+FEMBA=2EI9(2θB+θA−3(−0.00333))
−121.5MBA=2EIL(2θB+θA−3ψAB)
+FEMBAMBA=2EI9(2θB+θA−3(−0.00333))−121.5
Again, node A is fixed, so θA=0θA=0:

MBA=2EI9(2θB+0.0100)−121.5MBA=2EI9(2θB+0.0100)−121.5
Moving on to member BC, for the moment at the end of member BC at point B, B
is the near side and C is the far side, so:

MBCMBC=2EIL(2θB+θC−3ψBC)
+FEMBC=2EI6(2θB+θC−3(0.00500))+75MBC=2EIL(2θB+θC−3ψBC)
+FEMBCMBC=2EI6(2θB+θC−3(0.00500))+75
Since node C is also fixed, then we know that θC=0θC=0, so

MBC=2EI6(2θB−0.01500)+75MBC=2EI6(2θB−0.01500)+75
The last slope deflection equation is for the moment at the end of member BC at
point C, where C is the near side and B is the far side, so:

MCBMCB=2EIL(2θC+θB−3ψBC)
+FEMCB=2EI6(2θC+θB−3(0.00500))−75MCB=2EIL(2θC+θB−3ψBC)
+FEMCBMCB=2EI6(2θC+θB−3(0.00500))−75
Again, node C is fixed, so θC=0θC=0:

MCB=2EI6(θB−0.01500)−75MCB=2EI6(θB−0.01500)−75
 Now that we have all of the slope-deflection equations, we can apply our
equilibrium condition at node B to solve for our only unknown rotation θBθB:

MBA+MBC2EI9(2θB+0.0100)−121.5+2EI6(2θB−0.01500)+75=0=0
MBA+MBC=02EI9(2θB+0.0100)−121.5+2EI6(2θB−0.01500)+75=0
Since there is only one DOF in this problem, there is only one equilibrium equation and
one unknown rotation, so we can solve directly for θBθB:

1.111θB(EI)=0.00278(EI)+46.51.111θB(EI)=0.00278(EI)+46.5
So far in the equations above, all of the units have been in kNkN and mm, so we
need to find an expression for EIEI in terms of kNkN and mm:

EIEIEIEI=(200000MPa)(127×106mm4)=(200000N/mm2)
(127×106mm4)=25.4×1012Nmm2=25400kNm2EI=(200000MPa)
(127×106mm4)EI=(200000N/mm2)
(127×106mm4)EI=25.4×1012Nmm2EI=25400kNm2
We can now rearrange the previous equilibrium equation and solve for θBθB:

1.111θB(EI)θBθBθB=0.00278(EI)
+46.5=0.002781.111+46.51.111EI=0.002781.111+46.51.111(25400)
=+0.00415rad1.111θB(EI)=0.00278(EI)
+46.5θB=0.002781.111+46.51.111EIθB=0.002781.111+46.51.111(25400)θB=+
0.00415rad
Knowing the rotation at point B ( θBθB), we can sub that value back into the
slope-deflection equations to get the actual end moments at either end of each member:

MABMAB=2EI9(0.00415+0.0100)+81=+160.9kNmMAB=2EI9(0.0041
5+0.0100)+81MAB=+160.9kNm
and likewise for the others:

MBAMBCMCB=−18.2kNm=+18.3kNm=−166.9kNmMBA=−18.2kNm
MBC=+18.3kNmMCB=−166.9kNm
At this point we should double check our calculations and see
that MBA+MBC=0MBA+MBC=0 (which they do). The 0.1kN0.1kN difference
here is due to round off error. That could have been eliminated if we kept more
significant figures along the way and then only rounded the number off at the end.
 Using these end moments for all the beam elements, we can use equilibrium to
solve for the associated member end shear forces as shown in Figure 9.11. The free body
diagram of the left element (member AB) is shown in the figure. This FBD includes the
end moments that we found above, the external loading, and the unknown end shear
forces VABVAB and VBAVBA as shown. Shear VABVAB may be found using a
moment equilibrium for the FBD about point B. Then, shear VBAVBA may be found
using vertical force equilibrium. The same procedure may be used to find the shear
forces on the right element (member BC) as shown in the figure.
 Figure 9.11: Indeterminate Beam Analysis using the Slope-Deflection Method
Example - Construction of Shear and Moment Diagrams
Using the known end shears, end moments and external loadings for each
member, the shear and moment diagrams may be constructed easily as shown
in Figure 9.11.

 
Book traversal links for 9.4 The Slope-Deflection Method
for Beams
 9.3 The Slope-Deflection Equations
 

Up

 9.5 The Slope-Deflection Method for Non-Sway Frames

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