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ParkAssist
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Driver assist systems are developed to relieve the The new ParkAssist from Volkswagen is one example
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burden on drivers due to the increasingly dense traffic of the increased capability of assistance systems.
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and the flood of information that they have to deal ParkAssist actively helps the driver when reversing
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with. These aids support drivers in certain driving into parallel parking spaces.
situations or take over driving procedures either
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completely or partly.
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costs of electronic components fall, it is not surprising
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that Volkswagen is offering an increasing number of
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S389_020
NEW Warning
Note
The self-study programme shows the design and For current testing, adjustment and repair
function of new developments. instructions, refer to the relevant service literature.
The contents will not be updated.
2
Contents
Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Overview of system components and their locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
System schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Electromechanical power steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Function of ParkAssist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Parking procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Overview of activation conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Abort criteria and system messagesen A. G. ..V.ol.ks.w.a.ge. n. A.G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
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Electrical components . .or.ise. d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .ran. te.e. . .
. . . . . 22
h
Sensors . . . . . . . . . .s a.u.t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
... . . . . . . . . . . . o.r a.c.
. . . . . 22
s
Actuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
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System control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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Functional diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
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Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
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Test Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
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3
Overview
This assist system is an active helper when you reverse ParkAssist not only includes this surround scan, it also
into parking spaces. This development is based on the automatically controls the steering while the car is
park distance control system that uses ultrasound reversed into the parking space. The driver simply
sensors and an acoustic warning to help the driver operates the accelerator, clutch and brake pedals.
judge the distance from other parked cars or The driver can, however, take over control of the
obstacles. steering at any time and end the automatic parking
Further development stages for this kind of driver procedure.
assist system are, for example, the reversing camera The system can reverse into parking spaces on both
and the optical parking system that not only detects the right-hand and left-hand side of the road,
an obstacle in front of or behind the vehicle, but also for example on one-way streets.
obstacles position in the scanning area. In all these
systems, the vehicle is still steered by the driver.
However these systems simply help the driver judge
and determine the area around the vehicle.
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S389_019
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Important note
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The drivers are still legally responsible for their vehicle. If they notices a risk that pedestrians, other
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vehicles or objects could be damaged or if they are uncertain of the risk, they will need to react
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accordingly and stop the vehicle ending the function. Cop
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4
System requirements
Distinguishing between the park distance control and parking steering function
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PDC uses four ultrasound sensors at the front and four
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front of and behind the vehicle. If the vehicle reaches
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a specific distance from this object, there is an
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S389_013
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acoustic warning.
S389_024 If the vehicle is only equipped with the parking aid,
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the parking aid control unit J446 will control the PDC
If a vehicle is already equipped with a function.
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PDC system, it will not normally be possible It is normally fitted in the boot.
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Parking steering function Prote
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S389_026
5
Design
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required to carry out the PDC and parking steering
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functions of the ParkAssist system.
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The control unit for parallel parking assist J791 is parking aid
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sender,
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installed to the left of the steering column.
rear left centre,
It controls the park distance control and the parking rear right centre,
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steering function and is networked to the drive CAN rear right
data bus.
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There may be different locations in the different
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vehicle types due to the varying space available
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6
Trailer detector
Turn signal switch control unit*
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Front left parking aid sender, cted Electromechanical
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front centre left, power steering
front centre right, front right * optional depending on vehicle equipment
7
Design
System schematics
The ParkAssist system is an example of the interaction of various vehicle subsystems via the CAN data bus system
to achieve a more complex function like, the parking steering function.
The following subsystems are involved in addition to the parking steering assist:
V187
J104 J500
F H15 H22
G254 G253
G255 G252
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G203 G206
J285
G204 G205
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E581 E266
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8
The following components of the aforementioned vehicle systems work together in the parking steering
assist function:
ParkAssist Braking system
E266 Parking aid button G44 Rear right speed sensor
E581 Parking assistant steering button G45 Front right speed sensor
G203 Rear left parking aid sender G46 Rear left speed sensor
G204 Rear centre left parking aid sender G47 Front left speed sensor
G205 Rear centre right parking aid sender G85 Steering angle sender
G206 Rear right parking aid sender J104 ABS control unit
G252 Front right parking aid sender
G253 Front centre right parking aid sender Engine and gearbox management
G254 Front centre left parking aid sender F Brake light switch
G255 Front left parking aid sender F4 Reversing light switch
G568 Front left sender for the parking assistant J217* Automatic gearbox control unit
steering on left side of vehicle J623 Engine control unit
G569 Front right sender for the parking assistant
steering on right side of vehicle Dash panel and steering column electronics
H15 Rear parking aid warning buzzer E2 Turn signal switch
H22 Front parking aid warning buzzer E86 Multifunction display call-up button
J791 Control unit for parallel parking assist G17 Ambient temperature sensor
K136 Parking aid warning lamp J119 Multifunction display
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K241 Warning light for parking wage assistant steeringdoes n
n J285 Control unit with display in dash panel insert
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Electromechanical th power steering
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G269 Steering ss moment sender
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V187 Electromechanical power steering motor J345 Trailer detector control unit
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9
Design
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Electromechanical power steering ss a c
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Electromechanical power steering is one of the main requirement for installing ParkAssist.
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It allows the control unit for parallel parking assist to steer actively and automatically using the electrical drive for
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The following section will provide you with an overview of the design and function of the electromechanical power
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Steering angle
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steering motor V187
10
Steering assist procedure
Assist moment
Pinion 1 Pinion 2
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S389_004
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The steering-assist function is applied when the driver The power steering control unit determines the
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turns the steering wheel. The torque that he applies required force for the steering assist from all the
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twists a torsion bar in the electromechanical power received data. . Cop py
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steering. This is measured by the steering moment opy
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sender and is sent as a signal to the power steering Using characteristic curves stored in the control unit,
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control unit. it operates the electric motor that transfers the
At the same time, the control unit uses the information necessary steering-assist moment to the steering
from the steering angle sender to calculate how fast linkage via the steering rack.
the driver turned the steering wheel and
its current position.
11
Function of ParkAssist
Parking procedure
The procedure for reversing into a parking space with ParkAssist can be broken down into four sections:
1. Activating ParkAssist
2. Finding a suitable parking space
3. Parking with the help of the parking steering function
4. Completing the parking procedure
1. Activating ParkAssist
Driver’s decision possibilities
ParkAssist has park distance control and parking
steering functions. Both can be activated and
deactivated with separate switches. The warning lamp
in the button is illuminated and there is an indication
in the multifunction display in the dash panel insert
when the system is active.
When you reverse into a parking space, you do not
need to decide first whether you want to carry out the S389_027
pt
deactivate the system after the measurement is with parking distance control
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ParkAssist function,
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ParkAssist function,
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Manual parking,
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12
2. Finding a suitable parking space
The procedure for measuring a suitably sized parking The system then switches to stand-by mode as it
space is carried out on both sides of the vehicle with presumes the search procedure has just been
an ultrasound sensor. In our example, the interrupted and will be continued at another point.
measurement is carried out by the front right sender At speeds above 45km/h, the ParkAssist is switched
for parking assistant steering on the right-hand side off completely and needs to be activated again.
of the vehicle. In order to measure a parking space,
the vehicle speed needs to be less than 30km/h.
The ParkAssist sensors are switched off between
30km/h and 45km/h.
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S389_025
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If the system establishes that the vehicle reaches
a passing angle of more than 20° from the kerb or the
< 20° line of parked cars, the ParkAssist presumes that the
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driver, for example, wants to turn into another street,
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To determine the passing angle, several lines can be monitored by the ParkAssist and compared with the by lksw
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vehicle longitudinal axis:
1. a line that is formed by other parked cars
2. the kerb
3. walls
Only the line that is closest to the vehicle is used. This prevents misinterpretations,
if, for example, the kerb and walls are not parallel.
13
Function of ParkAssist
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This however will only happen once the vehicle is
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S389_021
S389_022
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S389_023
Display shows:
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ParkAssist so that the driver will only have to drive
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Manoeuvring and
safety distance at
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approx. 60-70cm
S389_033
14
3. Parking with the help of the parking steering
function
v = 0km/h
The driver starts the automatic parking procedure by
selecting reverse gear while the vehicle is stationary,
pressing the accelerator pedal and releasing the
brake pedal. He may not apply any steering moment
to the steering wheel.
The dash panel display will now tell the driver that it is
about to take over the steering and the driver should
watch the surrounds of the vehicle so he can abort the
parking procedure if in doubt or in case of danger.
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The manoeuvring procedure for reversing into a
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S389_035
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15
Function of ParkAssist
G85 J500
V187
S389_038
Parking procedure
step 1
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7km/h.
If he exceeds this speed value, the system will abort S389_040
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the procedure.
Parking procedure
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Using the distance data from the ultrasound sensors Control
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and the data from the steering angle sensor, the opyri by
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ParkAssist checks the position of the vehicle compared
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with the parking space and, using the manoeuvring
J500
steps stored in the control unit for parallel parking V187
assist, determines when the wheels need to be
returned to straight ahead to advance further into the S389_042
parking space.
Parking procedure
step 3
S389_041
16
Control J791 Once this third movement segment is complete, the
procedure steering wheel now needs to be turned to the left in
step 4
the fourth movement step so that the vehicle swings
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Parking procedure normally hear with the park distance control.
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S389_043
4. Completing the parking procedure
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Control If the vehicle is not quite parallel to the kerbstone or
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house wall, this will also be recognised by the
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step 5
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ParkAssist.
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The driver now needs to deselect reverse gear while
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procedure has been completed.
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Designation
G85 Steering angle sender
G269 Steering moment sender
J791 Control unit for parallel parking assist
J500 Power steering control unit
V187 Electromechanical power steering motor
17
Function of ParkAssist
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So that the system recognises the side of the street on hand side, the driver simply needs to activate the turn
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which the driver wants to park, they will need to signal on the left to switchover the system.
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inform the ParkAssist about this since it cannot check The control unit now uses a second, stored set of
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and display both sides of the road at the same time. manoeuvring steps to carry out the parking steering
function.
The ParkAssist always presumes that you are looking
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for a parking space on the right-hand side. In this
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System limits cted
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The measurement of the parking space and the subsequent parking procedure can be influenced by the
surrounding conditions.
For example, ParkAssist may have problems Other examples of the limits of the system are road
recognising a kerbstone if leaves, rubbish or snow openings or driveways. What the ParkAssist believes
hide its shape. In addition, leaves and snow disperse to be an ideal parking space may turn out upon a
the reflected ultrasound signals. As a result, the closer look to be a driveway with closed gate.
ParkAssist only picks up a weakened ultrasound echo
that can lead to misinterpretations.
These limitations underline the fact that the ParkAssist system cannot replace the awareness of the driver.
The driver is responsible.
18
Overview of activation conditions
The following criteria needs to be met before the ParkAssist steering function
can be used:
Activate ParkAssist
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Carrying out parking space measurement on right and left
ss
Turn signal set to left
o
cial p
f i
(only applies in countries with right-hand traffic)
nform
mer
atio
om
n
c
n thi
te
sd
iva
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pr
cum
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ng
t.
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Side spacing between 0.5m and 1.5m
. Cop py
t rig
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pyri by
Vo
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by
cted agen
Prote AG.
Angle between vehicle longitudinal axis and roadside max 20°
(passing angle)
S389_061 - S389_070
19
Function of ParkAssist
The following conditions lead to the measuring procedure being aborted:gen AG. Volkswagen AG d
wa oes
olks not
byV gu
ara
ed n
Action Reaction tand ris Gong teK241
ho message eo
au ra
c
ss
Car travelling above 30km/h “Park Assist: Speed too high!”
ce
e
nl
pt
du
an
itte
y li
erm
ab
ility
ot p
h re
hole
spec
es, in part or in w
parking procedure.
m
atio
om
n in
or c
thi
te
sd
iva
o
r
rp
cu
o
m
f
en
ng
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py Co
t. Co py
rig
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rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.
20
The following conditions lead to the parking procedure being aborted (continued):
pt
du
an
itte
y li
erm
h re
hole
spec
es, in part or in w
t to the co
at
flashing
om
ion
c
in t
r
his
ate
system fault
do
priv
cum
for
en
ng
i t.
py Co
t. Co py
rig
h ht
rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.
21
Electrical components
Sensors
Front left sender for parking assistant steering on left side of vehicle G568
Front right sender for parking assistant steering on right side of vehicle G569
Signal use
S389_011
The signals from both sensors are exclusively used for
the ParkAssist functions. They are used to measure
possible parking spaces and to monitor the side
spacing at the front end during the. Vparking
AG olkswagen AG d
agen oes
procedure. olksw not
byV gu
ara
The signal is used edin the calculation of the passing
ris nte
tho eo
angle. au ra
ss c
ce
e
nl
pt
du
an
y li
erm
ab
ility
ot p
h re
spec
t to the co
S389_009
rrectness of i
l purpos
nf
ercia
orm
m
atio
om
n in
or c
thi
te
sd
iva
o
r
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cu
o
m
f
en
ng
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py Co
t. Co py
rig
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rig by
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by lksw
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Prote AG.
22
How it works
ce
le
medium (e.g. air) at a constant speed in the form of
un
pt
an
d
sound waves.
itte
y li
rm
ab
pe
ility
ot
Test set-up for distance measurement S389_072 Sound waves are concentric, wave-shaped changes
wit
, is n
h re
in the density and pressure of the surrounding air
hole
spec
particles that propagate around the sound source.
es, in part or in w
t to the co
The speed at which sound travels depends on the
density of the medium through which it is passing.
rrectness of i
In air, sound travels at 343m/s at a normal pressure
(1bar) and a temperature of 20°C. In water at, for
l purpos
nform
ercia
a
com
tio
Transmission of an ultrasonic signal S389_049 from the ambient temperature sender is used as a
n in
r
te o
thi
correction variable in the system control.
s
iva
do
r
rp
cum
fo
en
If sound waves hit an object, for example, a wall, they
ng
t.
yi Co
op
will be reflected to varying degrees depending on the
ht. C py
rig
rig ht
properties of the wall. This means sound waves return
copy by
Vo
lksw
by
cted to the sensor and are picked up using a microphone.
agen
Prote AG.
The sensor measures the time between transmission
and reception of the reflected ultrasonic waves.
The control unit for parallel parking assist can
determine the distance from an object with this time
Time measurement of reflected sound waves S389_050 measurement.
23
Electrical components
ce
le
un
pt
an
d
itte
y li
rm
ab
pe
ility
S389_012
ot
wit
, is n
h re
hole
How it works
spec
es, in part or in w
t to the co
The eight sensors work in the same way as the two
senders for parking assistant steering G568 and rrectness of i
tion in
r
te o
thi
Signal use
s
iva
do
r
rp
cum
fo
en
g
t.
yi Co
op py
distance control and the ParkAssist. The two functions ht. C rig
ht
rig by
py
involve the distance of the vehicle from other objects by co Vo
lksw
cted agen
in the vicinity of the vehicle being measured. Prote AG.
24
Parking aid button E266 with
parking aid warning lamp K136 AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
byV gu
ara
d The button is in the line of
rise nte buttons above the gear
tho e
au selector next to the parkingoassistant
ra steering
ss c
button. The warning lamp indicates
ce
le
un
pt
an
d
y li
erm
ab
ility
ot p
Signal use
wit
is n
h re
ole,
spec
urposes, in part or in wh
t to the co
is switched on manually with the button.
rrectne
Effect upon failure
ss
If the park distance control fails due to technical faults
o
cial p
f i
in related components, this will be indicated by the
nform
mer
atio
om
n
c
i
or
n
S389_007, 013
thi
te
sd
iva
o
pr
cum
r
fo
en
ng
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py Co
t. Co py
rig
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rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
Parking assistant steering button E581 with Prote
cted AG.
agen
Signal use
25
Electrical components
Actuators
Rear parking aid warning buzzer H15
Front parking aid warning buzzer H22
ce
e
pt
du
an
itte
y li
erm
ab
and an entry will be in made in the fault memory.
ility
ot p
wit
, is n
h re
The gong that provides information on the
hole
spec
status of the parking steering function is not signalled
es, in part or in w
t to the co
with the buzzer, but with the acoustic output in the
dash panel insert.
rrectness of i
l purpos
nform
mercia
at
om
ion
c
in t
or
his
ate
do
priv
cum
for
en
ng
t.
i
Front parking aid warning buzzer
py Co S389_005
t. Co py
rig
h ht
rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.
26
System control unit
Control unit for parallel parking assist J791
ce
e
nl
pt
du
an
itte
y li
erm
ab
ility
ot p
wit
, is n
h re
hole
spec
es, in part or in w
t to the co
S389_018
rrectness of i
l purpos
nf
ercia
orm
m
atio
om
n in
or c
thi
te
sd
iva
o
r
rp
cu
o
m
f
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ng
i t.
py Co
t. Co py
rig
h ht
rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.
27
Functional Diagram
J519
J681
A+
G206 G205 G204 G204 H15 H22
J791
AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
y V gu
d b ara
rise nte
tho eo
au ra
ss c
ce
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nl
pt
du
an
itte
y li
erm
ab
ility
G568 G255 G254 G253 G252 G569
ot p
wit
, is n
h re
hole
spec
es, in part or in w
t to the co
rrectness of i
l purpos
S389_053
G203 Rear left parking aid sender H15 Rear parking aid warning buzzer
nf
ercia
or
G204 Rear centre left parking aid sender H22 Front parking aid warning buzzer
m
m
atio
m
n in
or c
G206 Rear right parking aid sender J519 Onboard supply control unit
thi
te
sd
iva
G252 Front right parking aid sender J681 Terminal 15 voltage supply relay 2
o
r
rp
cu
o
G253 Front centre right parking aid sender J791 Control unit for parallel parking assist
f
en
ng
t.
yi Co
G254 Front centre left parking aid sender Cop py
t. rig
G255 Front left parking aid sender gh A Battery ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
G568 Front left sender for the parking assistant S
cted Fuse agen
Prote AG.
steering on left side of vehicle
G569 Front right sender for the parking assistant
steering on right side of vehicle
28
J533
n AG. Volkswagen AG do
Drive CAN lkswage es n
o ot g
data bus byV ua
d ran
ir se tee
tho
u or
a ac
ss
ce
le
un
pt
an
d
itte
y li
erm
ab
ility
ot p
J791
wit
is n
h re
ole,
spec
urposes, in part or in wh
t to the co
E266 E581
rrectne
Input signal
s
Output signal
s o
cial p
Positive
inform
Earth
atio
m
n
c
i
or
n thi
te
sd
iva
o
pr
cum
r
fo
en
ng
t.
yi Co
op
t. C S389_054 py
rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
E266 Parking aid button cted
by agen
Prote AG.
E581 Parking assistant steering button
29
AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
ksw
Service orised byV
ol not
gu
ara
nte
eo
h
aut ra
ss c
ce
e
nl
pt
du
an
itte
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erm
ab
Diagnosis
ility
ot p
wit
, is n
h re
The VAS 5051 vehicle diagnosis, measuring and
hole
spec
information system and the VAS 5052 vehicle
es, in part or in w
t to the co
diagnosis and service information system are
available for the new ParkAssist system.
S389_060
rrectness of i
l purpos
nf
ercia
S395_059 S389_073
orm
m
atio
om
n in
or c
thi
For more detailed information on the procedure and guided fault finding, please refer to chapter 7 of
te
sd
iva
o
the VAS 5051 operating manual.
r
rp
cu
o
m
f
en
ng
i t.
py Co
t. Co py
rig
h ht
rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.
Country-specific information
The ParkAssist system needs to be configured This means, for example, that drivers in the United
differently for countries driving on the left than those Kingdom need to set the turn signal to “Right” if they
driving on the right. want to park on the right-hand side of the street.
The setting is made using the left-hand drive/right- By default, the system presumes that you want to park
hand drive coding with the VAS 5051. on the left-hand side of the street if the coding is set to
right-hand drive.
Among other things, the information for parking In Germany, drivers need to set the turn signal to
on the right-hand or left-hand side of the road stored “Left” because the system presumes they want to park
in the control unit for parallel parking assist is on the right-hand side of the street by default due to
swapped over. the left-hand drive coding.
Please ensure that the vehicle is set to the correct coding from LHD to RHD after a stay in countries
that drive on the other side of the road.
30
Test Yourself
a) The parking steering function takes care of the complete parking manoeuvre fully automatically.
The driver does not need to perform any tasks while parking.
b) The parking steering function only checks the distances from objects in the area around the vehicle during
the parking manoeuvre.
c) The parking steering function takes over the steering when reversing into parking spaces on the left and
right.
The driver still has to operate the brakes, clutch
AG. Volkswagand
en AGaccelerator and still holds responsibility during the
agen does
whole procedure. olksw not
yV g b ua
ed ran
oris tee
th o
2. Which of the au
following functions r a system?
can be carried out with the ParkAssist
c
ss
ce
e
nl
pt
du
an
a) Park distance control (parking aid)
itte
y li
erm
ab
ility
ot p
b) Measuring and displaying parking spaces on both sides of the road at the same time. wit
, is n
h re
hole
spec
c) The steering when driving forward into parking spaces on the right.
es, in part or in w
t to the co
d) The steering when driving forward into parking spaces on the left.
rrectness of i
nf
ercia
atio
om
3. Above which speed does the ParkAssist system cancel the measurement of a parking space and switch
n in
or c
thi
e
to stand-by mode?
t
sd
iva
o
r
rp
cu
o
m
f
en
ng
31
389
AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
y V gu
d b ara
rise nte
tho eo
au ra
ss c
ce
e
nl
pt
du
an
itte
y li
erm
ab
ility
ot p
wit
, is n
h re
hole
spec
es, in part or in w
t to the co
rrectness of i
l purpos
nf
ercia
orm
m
atio
om
n in
or c
thi
te
sd
iva
o
r
rp
cu
o
m
f
en
ng
t.
yi Co
Cop py
t. rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted agen
Prote AG.
Volkswagen AG
Service Training VSQ-1
Brieffach 1995
38436 Wolfsburg
❀ This paper was manufactured from pulp that was bleached without the use of chlorine.