Service Training

Self-study Programme 389

ParkAssist

Design and function

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Driver assist systems are developed to relieve the The new ParkAssist from Volkswagen is one example

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burden on drivers due to the increasingly dense traffic of the increased capability of assistance systems.

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and the flood of information that they have to deal ParkAssist actively helps the driver when reversing

es, in part or in w

t to the co
with. These aids support drivers in certain driving into parallel parking spaces.
situations or take over driving procedures either

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completely or partly.

As computer performance rises and the production l purpos

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costs of electronic components fall, it is not surprising

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that Volkswagen is offering an increasing number of
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more powerful assist systems.

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S389_020

NEW Warning
Note

The self-study programme shows the design and For current testing, adjustment and repair
function of new developments. instructions, refer to the relevant service literature.
The contents will not be updated.

2
Contents

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Overview of system components and their locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
System schematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Electromechanical power steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Function of ParkAssist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Parking procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Overview of activation conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Abort criteria and system messagesen A. G. ..V.ol.ks.w.a.ge. n. A.G. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
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Electrical components . .or.ise. d. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . .ran. te.e. . .
. . . . . 22
h
Sensors . . . . . . . . . .s a.u.t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
... . . . . . . . . . . . o.r a.c.
. . . . . 22
s
Actuators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

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System control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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Functional diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

wit
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Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

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Test Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
m

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3
 Overview

ParkAssist from Volkswagen

This assist system is an active helper when you reverse ParkAssist not only includes this surround scan, it also
into parking spaces. This development is based on the automatically controls the steering while the car is
park distance control system that uses ultrasound reversed into the parking space. The driver simply
sensors and an acoustic warning to help the driver operates the accelerator, clutch and brake pedals.
judge the distance from other parked cars or The driver can, however, take over control of the
obstacles. steering at any time and end the automatic parking
Further development stages for this kind of driver procedure.
assist system are, for example, the reversing camera The system can reverse into parking spaces on both
and the optical parking system that not only detects the right-hand and left-hand side of the road,
an obstacle in front of or behind the vehicle, but also for example on one-way streets.
obstacles position in the scanning area. In all these
systems, the vehicle is still steered by the driver.
However these systems simply help the driver judge
and determine the area around the vehicle.

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S389_019
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Important note
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ParkAssist cannot replace the driver's attentiveness.

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The drivers are still legally responsible for their vehicle. If they notices a risk that pedestrians, other
do
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vehicles or objects could be damaged or if they are uncertain of the risk, they will need to react
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accordingly and stop the vehicle ending the function. Cop
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4
System requirements

A vehicle equipped with ParkAssist has the following technical requirements:

- electromechanical power steering.
- an ESP brake system.

Distinguishing between the park distance control and parking steering function

ParkAssist has two functions:

- The PDC park distance control system that is also known as the parking aid system.
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- the parking steering function for the activeolkparking process.
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PDC park distance control system

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PDC uses four ultrasound sensors at the front and four

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at the rear to measure the distance from objects in

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front of and behind the vehicle. If the vehicle reaches
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a specific distance from this object, there is an
es, in part or in w

S389_013

t to the co
acoustic warning.
S389_024 If the vehicle is only equipped with the parking aid,

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the parking aid control unit J446 will control the PDC
If a vehicle is already equipped with a function.
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PDC system, it will not normally be possible It is normally fitted in the boot.
nform
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to retrofit the parking steering function.

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Parking steering function Prote
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In addition to the PDC sensors, the ParkAssist system

also has an ultrasound sensor on each side of the
vehicle at the front to search the areas alongside the
vehicle for a parking space.
S389_014

S389_026

5
 Design

Overview of system components and their locations

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ParkAssist will be introduced with the olks not
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The illustration adjacent will provide you with an au ac
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overview of the locations of the components that are

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required to carry out the PDC and parking steering

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functions of the ParkAssist system.

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The control unit for parallel parking assist J791 is parking aid
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sender,

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installed to the left of the steering column.
rear left centre,
It controls the park distance control and the parking rear right centre,

rrectness of i
steering function and is networked to the drive CAN rear right
data bus.
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If a vehicle is equipped with ParkAssist, there

will be no parking aid control unit.

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There may be different locations in the different

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vehicle types due to the varying space available

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Front right sender

for parking assistant
steering on the right
side of vehicle
Therefore make sure you read the latest
repair and service literature for the various
vehicle types.

Wheel speed sensors,

example front right

6
 Trailer detector
Turn signal switch control unit*

Parking aid warning buzzer

Control unit for

parallel parking assist

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Braking system ABS

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and ESP
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Front left sender for parking assistant

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Front left parking aid sender, cted Electromechanical
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front centre left, power steering
front centre right, front right * optional depending on vehicle equipment

7
 Design

System schematics

The ParkAssist system is an example of the interaction of various vehicle subsystems via the CAN data bus system
to achieve a more complex function like, the parking steering function.
The following subsystems are involved in addition to the parking steering assist:

- the electromechanical power steering

- the braking system with ABS and ESP
- the engine and gearbox management
- the dashboard and steering column electronics
- the trailer detection (if installed)

G44 - G47 G269

V187

J104 J500
F H15 H22
G254 G253
G255 G252

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G203 G206
J285
G204 G205
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8
The following components of the aforementioned vehicle systems work together in the parking steering
assist function:
ParkAssist Braking system
E266 Parking aid button G44 Rear right speed sensor
E581 Parking assistant steering button G45 Front right speed sensor
G203 Rear left parking aid sender G46 Rear left speed sensor
G204 Rear centre left parking aid sender G47 Front left speed sensor
G205 Rear centre right parking aid sender G85 Steering angle sender
G206 Rear right parking aid sender J104 ABS control unit
G252 Front right parking aid sender
G253 Front centre right parking aid sender Engine and gearbox management
G254 Front centre left parking aid sender F Brake light switch
G255 Front left parking aid sender F4 Reversing light switch
G568 Front left sender for the parking assistant J217* Automatic gearbox control unit
steering on left side of vehicle J623 Engine control unit
G569 Front right sender for the parking assistant
steering on right side of vehicle Dash panel and steering column electronics
H15 Rear parking aid warning buzzer E2 Turn signal switch
H22 Front parking aid warning buzzer E86 Multifunction display call-up button
J791 Control unit for parallel parking assist G17 Ambient temperature sensor
K136 Parking aid warning lamp J119 Multifunction display
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K241 Warning light for parking wage assistant steeringdoes n
n J285 Control unit with display in dash panel insert
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Electromechanical th power steering
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G269 Steering ss moment sender
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J500 Power steering control unit Trailer detection**

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V187 Electromechanical power steering motor J345 Trailer detector control unit
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U10 Trailer socket

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* only automatic vehicles

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** only vehicles with tow bar and trailer detection

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Drive CAN data bus

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Convenience CAN data bus

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Infotainment CAN data bus

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9
 Design
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Electromechanical power steering ss a c

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Electromechanical power steering is one of the main requirement for installing ParkAssist.

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It allows the control unit for parallel parking assist to steer actively and automatically using the electrical drive for

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The following section will provide you with an overview of the design and function of the electromechanical power
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steering.
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Steering angle
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You will find more detailed information sensor G85

in self-study programme no. 317

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“The Electromechanical Power-Assisted Steering

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with Double Pinion”.

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steering motor V187

Steering moment sender G269

Pinion (2)
Pinion (1)

Steering rack Steering linkage

Power steering control unit

J500 S389_003

The electromechanical power steering is an

alternative to hydraulic power-assisted steering. The second pinion (2) transfers the drive power of the
It comprises of the steering rack with an electric motor via the steering rack to the steering
electromechanical power steering motor, the steering linkage.
moment sender and the power steering control unit. The electromechanical power steering control unit is
One special feature of this power steering system is on the electric motor itself meaning no complex wiring
the double pinion in the steering mechanism. One is required. The control unit is informed about the
pinion (1) is used to transfer the rotary movement of position of the steering wheel and the speed at which
the steering wheel to the steering linkage. A torque the driver turns the steering wheel by the steering
sensor detects the steering moment that is applied by angle sender. It sends its data directly via the drive
the driver. train CAN data bus and is also used, for example, by
the ESP control unit.

10
Steering assist procedure

Assist moment

Pinion 1 Pinion 2

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Steering angle sender
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Driver steering moment

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S389_004
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The steering-assist function is applied when the driver The power steering control unit determines the
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turns the steering wheel. The torque that he applies required force for the steering assist from all the
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twists a torsion bar in the electromechanical power received data. . Cop py
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steering. This is measured by the steering moment opy
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sender and is sent as a signal to the power steering Using characteristic curves stored in the control unit,
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control unit. it operates the electric motor that transfers the
At the same time, the control unit uses the information necessary steering-assist moment to the steering
from the steering angle sender to calculate how fast linkage via the steering rack.
the driver turned the steering wheel and
its current position.

11
 Function of ParkAssist

Parking procedure
The procedure for reversing into a parking space with ParkAssist can be broken down into four sections:
1. Activating ParkAssist
2. Finding a suitable parking space
3. Parking with the help of the parking steering function
4. Completing the parking procedure

1. Activating ParkAssist
Driver’s decision possibilities
ParkAssist has park distance control and parking
steering functions. Both can be activated and
deactivated with separate switches. The warning lamp
in the button is illuminated and there is an indication
in the multifunction display in the dash panel insert
when the system is active.
When you reverse into a parking space, you do not
need to decide first whether you want to carry out the S389_027

parking procedure yourself, use the park distance

control system or leave the steering procedure to the
ParkAssist. Where you simply need to operate the
accelerator, clutch and brake pedals. Manual parking
You need to decide whether you want to reverse into a without assist systems
parking space on the right-hand AG. Volkswagen
side of the road
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into a space on the y Vol on a one-way street. It is, of ot gu
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course, also tpossible just to use the ParkAssist to
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measure upss a parking space. You then need to c
Manual parking
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deactivate the system after the measurement is with parking distance control
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In this part of the description, we presume that the

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driver wants to reverse into a parking space on the

h re
ole,

right with ParkAssist and therefore presses the

spec

ParkAssist function,
urposes, in part or in wh

ParkAssist button. reverse right

t to the co
rrectnes

ParkAssist function,
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reverse left
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Manual parking,
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parking steering function only for establishing

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S389_028, 029, 030, 047, 031,
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12
2. Finding a suitable parking space

The procedure for measuring a suitably sized parking The system then switches to stand-by mode as it
space is carried out on both sides of the vehicle with presumes the search procedure has just been
an ultrasound sensor. In our example, the interrupted and will be continued at another point.
measurement is carried out by the front right sender At speeds above 45km/h, the ParkAssist is switched
for parking assistant steering on the right-hand side off completely and needs to be activated again.
of the vehicle. In order to measure a parking space,
the vehicle speed needs to be less than 30km/h.
The ParkAssist sensors are switched off between
30km/h and 45km/h.

If the speed is below 30km/h while you are searching

< 30km/h for a parking space and the distance from the kerb at
which the car passes is greater than 0.5m and less
AG. Volkswagen AG d
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than l1.5m,
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oes
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dhand side of the road for a suitable parking space.
rise nte
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t The result of the process is shown to the driver
0.5m<a< 1.5m ss
au ra
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dash panel display using graphics to depict the

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vehicle and roadside.

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S389_025

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If the system establishes that the vehicle reaches
a passing angle of more than 20° from the kerb or the
< 20° line of parked cars, the ParkAssist presumes that the

rrectness of i
driver, for example, wants to turn into another street,
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for example, and stops the search procedure.

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To determine the passing angle, several lines can be monitored by the ParkAssist and compared with the by lksw
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vehicle longitudinal axis:
1. a line that is formed by other parked cars
2. the kerb
3. walls
Only the line that is closest to the vehicle is used. This prevents misinterpretations,
if, for example, the kerb and walls are not parallel.

13
 Function of ParkAssist

If the system does not find a sufficiently large parking

space, the roadside appears as a line of shaded
rectangles. If a parking space is large enough, it is
displayed as a free space between the shaded
rectangles. At the same time, the system checks
whether the vehicle is in the right position to enter the
parking space. This means the vehicle has been
driven far enough forward to reverse into the parking
space and the vehicle longitudinal axis is parallel to
the parking space or the roadside.

Display shows: Display shows:

Sufficiently sized Sufficiently sized
parking space found. parking space found,
adjust position
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Once the correct position
tho has been reached, an arrow eo
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will point into thes parking space to indicate that the c
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ParkAssist is ready to carry out the parking steering pt

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This however will only happen once the vehicle is
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stationary.
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The letter R in the vehicle icon shows that the driver

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

should select reverse gear himself.

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S389_021
S389_022
rrectne

S389_023

Display shows:
ss o

Vehicle position OK.

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Parking steering function can be carried out.

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The minimum size of a parking space is determined by

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the vehicle length and a required manoeuvring space

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plus a safety distance. The total length is measured so

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that the vehicle can be parked in a single parking op
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This means that the vehicle can be positioned by by co Vo
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approx. 60-70cm
Prote
ParkAssist so that the driver will only have to drive
AG.

forward manually to achieve an optimum position in

the parking spot.

Manoeuvring and
safety distance at
rear
approx. 60-70cm

S389_033

14
 3. Parking with the help of the parking steering
function

v = 0km/h
The driver starts the automatic parking procedure by
selecting reverse gear while the vehicle is stationary,
pressing the accelerator pedal and releasing the
brake pedal. He may not apply any steering moment
to the steering wheel.
The dash panel display will now tell the driver that it is
about to take over the steering and the driver should
watch the surrounds of the vehicle so he can abort the
parking procedure if in doubt or in case of danger.

The message displayed is as follows:

“Steering interv. active! Monitor area around veh.!”

AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
byV gu
ara
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The manoeuvring procedure for reversing into a
ce
le
un

pt

parking space is broken down into five movement

an
d
itte

y li

segments in the control unit for parallel parking assist.

rm

ab
pe

ility

This is necessary as the system does not have a direct

ot

wit
, is n

optical control facility to react to unexpected

h re
hole

spec

developments during the manoeuvre. In simple terms,

es, in part or in w

S389_035
it has a standard parking manoeuvre stored in its
t to the co

“memory” and plays it back in the five steps when it is

required.
rrectness of i

ParkAssist thus follows a preset target path

l purpos

using the individual steps.

nform
mercia

a
com

tion in
r
te o

thi
s
iva

do
r
rp

cum
fo

en
ng

i t.
py Co
t. Co py
rig
h ht
rig by
S389_036 copy Vo
lksw
by
cted agen
Prote AG.

15
 Function of ParkAssist

Firstly, the wheels are straightened and the vehicle J791

Control
reverses a short distance when the driver presses the procedure
step 1
accelerator and releases the brake. G269

G85 J500
V187

S389_038

Parking procedure
step 1

AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
y V gu
d b ara
rise nte S389_037
tho eo
au ra
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ce
le
un

pt
an
Control
d
itte

The control unit for parallel parking assist then

y li
J791 procedure
erm

ab
signals for the wheels to be turned to the right with the

ility
step 2
ot p

wit
electric motor.
is n

h re
ole,

The vehicle then reverses at an angle into the parking

spec
J500
urposes, in part or in wh

space. The driver needs to keep the speed under V187

t to the co
7km/h.
If he exceeds this speed value, the system will abort S389_040

rrectne
the procedure.
Parking procedure

ss
step 2

o
cial p

f inform
mer

atio
om

n
c

i
or

n thi

S389_039
te

sd
iva

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pr

cum
r
fo

en
ng

t.
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op
Using the distance data from the ultrasound sensors Control
C py
gh
t. J791 rig
ht
and the data from the steering angle sensor, the opyri by
Vo procedure
c
cted
by lksw step 3
ParkAssist checks the position of the vehicle compared
agen
Prote AG.
with the parking space and, using the manoeuvring
J500
steps stored in the control unit for parallel parking V187
assist, determines when the wheels need to be
returned to straight ahead to advance further into the S389_042
parking space.
Parking procedure
step 3

S389_041

16
Control J791 Once this third movement segment is complete, the
procedure steering wheel now needs to be turned to the left in
step 4
the fourth movement step so that the vehicle swings
n into
A olksw
G. Vthe agen AG space. The vehicle now swings into
parking
J500 lkswage does
n
V187 by Vo the parking space andot lines
gu
ara itself up parallel to the
ed
ris nte
tho road again. eo
u r
S389_044 ss
a
If the minimum distance from an aobjectc behind the

ce
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un

vehicle is to close, there is an acoustic signal as you

pt
an
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itte

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Parking procedure normally hear with the park distance control.
erm

ab
step 4

ility
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wit
is n

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spec
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co
S389_043
4. Completing the parking procedure

rrectne
Control If the vehicle is not quite parallel to the kerbstone or

ss
J791
procedure

o
house wall, this will also be recognised by the
cial p

f i
step 5

nform
ParkAssist.
mer

atio
The driver now needs to deselect reverse gear while
om

n
J500
c

the vehicle is stationary, wait until the wheels have

i
V187
or

n thi
te

been moved to the straight ahead position and select

sd
iva

o
pr

c
first gear.

um
r
fo

S389_046
en
ng

t.
op
yi Now he can move the vehicle forwards a short
Co
C py
Parking procedure gh
t.
distance until the display indicates that the parking
rig
ht
yri by
step 5 cop
procedure has been completed.
Vo
lksw
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cted agen
Prote AG.

Once the parking procedure has been completed

S389_045 from the viewpoint of the ParkAssist, the display will
change from “Steering interv. active! Monitor area
around veh.!” to “Park Assist finished!”. This
deactivates the parking steering function and the
warning lamp in the ParkAssist button will extinguish.

Designation
G85 Steering angle sender
G269 Steering moment sender
J791 Control unit for parallel parking assist
J500 Power steering control unit
V187 Electromechanical power steering motor

17
 Function of ParkAssist

Special feature when reversing into parking spaces

on the left

On one-way streets or in certain car parks, it is often

possible to also park on the left-hand side of the road.
AG. Volkswagen AG d
Therefore the ParkAssist system also has anolkswagen oes
not
byV gu
ara
ultrasound sensor on the left-hand side ed of the vehicle
nte
ris
o
th out the parking eo
to measure parking spaces and carry au ra
s c
steering function to reverse intosparking spaces on the S389_048

ce
e
nl

pt
du

left.

an
itte

y li
erm

If you want to search for a parking space on the left-

ab
ility
ot p

So that the system recognises the side of the street on hand side, the driver simply needs to activate the turn

wit
, is n

h re
which the driver wants to park, they will need to signal on the left to switchover the system.
hole

spec
inform the ParkAssist about this since it cannot check The control unit now uses a second, stored set of
es, in part or in w

t to the co
and display both sides of the road at the same time. manoeuvring steps to carry out the parking steering
function.
The ParkAssist always presumes that you are looking

rrectness of i
for a parking space on the right-hand side. In this
l purpos

case, it will not require a signal from the driver.

nform
mercia

at
om

ion
c

in t
or

The described procedure only applies to

his
ate

do
riv

countries driving on the right; you will find

p

cum
or

further information on this in the chapter

f

en
ng

t.
yi Co
. Cop Service. py
rig
ht ht
rig by
copy Vo
lksw
System limits cted
by agen
Prote AG.

The measurement of the parking space and the subsequent parking procedure can be influenced by the
surrounding conditions.

For example, ParkAssist may have problems Other examples of the limits of the system are road
recognising a kerbstone if leaves, rubbish or snow openings or driveways. What the ParkAssist believes
hide its shape. In addition, leaves and snow disperse to be an ideal parking space may turn out upon a
the reflected ultrasound signals. As a result, the closer look to be a driveway with closed gate.
ParkAssist only picks up a weakened ultrasound echo
that can lead to misinterpretations.

These limitations underline the fact that the ParkAssist system cannot replace the awareness of the driver.
The driver is responsible.

18
Overview of activation conditions
The following criteria needs to be met before the ParkAssist steering function
can be used:

Activate ParkAssist

Parking assistant steering button should be pressed

n AG. Volkswagen AG do
lkswage es n
ESP activated by Vo ot g
d ua
ran
ir se tee
tho
u or
a ac
ss

ce
le
un

pt
No trailer attached

an
d
itte

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erm

ab
ility
ot p

wit
is n

h re
ole,

Speed below 45km/h

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co
rrectne
Carrying out parking space measurement on right and left

ss
Turn signal set to left

o
cial p

f i
(only applies in countries with right-hand traffic)
nform
mer

atio
om

n
c

Speed below 30km/h

i
or

n thi
te

sd
iva

o
pr

cum
r
fo

en
ng

t.
yi Co
Side spacing between 0.5m and 1.5m
. Cop py
t rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
cted agen
Prote AG.
Angle between vehicle longitudinal axis and roadside max 20°
(passing angle)

Reversing into parking spaces on right and left

Speed = 0km/h and

reverse gear selected and
steering moment on steering wheel below 5Nm

Driver activities (accelerator, clutch, brake)

within system time limitations (180s)

S389_061 - S389_070

19
 Function of ParkAssist

Abort criteria and system messages

Due to the complexity of the movement procedure and the possible interference, a wide range of abort conditions
have been defined to achieve maximum protection against damage.

The following conditions prevent the ParkAssist from functioning:

Action Reaction and message Gong K241

Deactivation of ESP “Park Assist finished! ESP switched off”

ESP intervention “Park Assist: ESP intervention”

Trailer attached to vehicle “Park Assist finished! Trailer”

Travelling at less than 10km/h “Park Assist finished!”

after ignition switched on

Travelling at more than 45km/h “Park Assist: Speed too high!”

The following conditions lead to the measuring procedure being aborted:gen AG. Volkswagen AG d
wa oes
olks not
byV gu
ara
ed n
Action Reaction tand ris Gong teK241
ho message eo
au ra
c
ss
Car travelling above 30km/h “Park Assist: Speed too high!”

ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
itte

y li
erm

ab
ility
ot p

The following conditions lead to the parking procedure being aborted:

wit
, is n

h re
hole

spec
es, in part or in w

Action Reaction and message Gong K241 t to the co

Car travelling above 7km/h “Park Assist: Speed too high!”

rrectness of i

Exceeding a time limit of “Park Assist finished! Time limit exceeded”

l purpos

180 seconds between

nf
ercia

selecting reverse gear and ending the

orm

parking procedure.
m

atio
om

n in
or c

thi
te

sd
iva

o
r
rp

cu
o

m
f

en
ng

i t.
py Co
t. Co py
rig
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rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

20
The following conditions lead to the parking procedure being aborted (continued):

Action Reaction and message Gong K241

The driver exceeding a steering moment of “Driver steering intervention!

5Nm. Please take over steering!”

Deselecting reverse gear “Park Assist finished!

Please take over steering!”
G. Volkswage
A n AG d
agen oes
ksw not
y Vol gu
b ara
ed nte
Deactivating ESP oris “ESP switched off! eo
th
au Please take over steering!”
ra
c
ss
ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
itte

y li
erm

Deactivating ParkAssist “Steering interv. finished! ab

ility
ot p

Please take over steering!” wit

, is n

h re
hole

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co

Further system messages on faults when ParkAssist active:

rrectness of i
l purpos

Fault Reaction and message Gong K241

ParkAssist faulty “Park Assist defective! Workshop!”

nform
mercia

at

flashing
om

ion
c

in t
r

Message failure or “Park Assist finished! System fault”

o

his
ate

system fault
do
priv

cum
for

en
ng

i t.
py Co
t. Co py
rig
h ht
rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

21
 Electrical components

Sensors
Front left sender for parking assistant steering on left side of vehicle G568
Front right sender for parking assistant steering on right side of vehicle G569

The two sensors are ultrasound sensors and both are

mounted on the left-hand and right-hand side
of the front end. They are inserted into a mounting
from the rear that is clipped into the plastic cover of
the front end. The senders for parking assistant
steering cannot be confused with the parking aid
senders as they are a different size. They are larger as
they have a larger scanning angle and range.

Signal use
S389_011
The signals from both sensors are exclusively used for
the ParkAssist functions. They are used to measure
possible parking spaces and to monitor the side
spacing at the front end during the. Vparking
AG olkswagen AG d
agen oes
procedure. olksw not
byV gu
ara
The signal is used edin the calculation of the passing
ris nte
tho eo
angle. au ra
ss c
ce
e
nl

pt
du

an

Effect upon failure

itte

y li
erm

ab
ility
ot p

The sensor is capable of self-diagnosis.

wit
, is n

h re

If one of the sensors is faulty, the ParkAssist

hole

spec

functions will not be available.

es, in part or in w

t to the co

S389_009
rrectness of i
l purpos

nf
ercia

orm
m

atio
om

n in
or c

thi
te

sd
iva

o
r
rp

cu
o

m
f

en
ng

i t.
py Co
t. Co py
rig
h ht
rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
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Prote AG.

22
 How it works

Ultrasound sensors are small transmitters and

Time measurement
receive units.

Measuring AG. Volkswagen AG d

agen
sw o es n
object Theolkprinciple is based on the ultrasound
ot g sensor
byV ua
Ultrasound sensor ed ra
ris transmitting an inaudible sound in the ultrasonic
nte
utho eo
ra
s a range. This sound travels through the surrounding
c
s

ce
le
medium (e.g. air) at a constant speed in the form of
un

pt
an
d
sound waves.
itte

y li
rm

ab
pe

ility
ot

Test set-up for distance measurement S389_072 Sound waves are concentric, wave-shaped changes

wit
, is n

h re
in the density and pressure of the surrounding air
hole

spec
particles that propagate around the sound source.
es, in part or in w

t to the co
The speed at which sound travels depends on the
density of the medium through which it is passing.

rrectness of i
In air, sound travels at 343m/s at a normal pressure
(1bar) and a temperature of 20°C. In water at, for
l purpos

example, 0°C, it travels at 1407m/s.

Sound waves

nform
ercia

The relation between the temperature and the speed

at which sound travels is the reason why the signal
m

a
com

tio
Transmission of an ultrasonic signal S389_049 from the ambient temperature sender is used as a

n in
r
te o

thi
correction variable in the system control.

s
iva

do
r
rp

cum
fo

en
If sound waves hit an object, for example, a wall, they
ng

t.
yi Co
op
will be reflected to varying degrees depending on the
ht. C py
rig
rig ht
properties of the wall. This means sound waves return
copy by
Vo
lksw
by
cted to the sensor and are picked up using a microphone.
agen
Prote AG.
The sensor measures the time between transmission
and reception of the reflected ultrasonic waves.
The control unit for parallel parking assist can
determine the distance from an object with this time
Time measurement of reflected sound waves S389_050 measurement.

The result of the time measurement is a direct S389_051

measurement of the distance between the
sensor and measuring object.

23
 Electrical components

Ultrasound sensors for park distance control function (parking aid)

The four ultrasound sensors are mounted at the front

and four at the rear as follows:
- Rear left parking aid sender G203
- Rear centre left parking aid sender G204
- Rear centre right parking aid sender G205
- Rear right parking aid sender G206
- Front right parking aid sender AG252
G. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
- Front centre right parking
byV aid sender G253 gu
d ara
ise nte
- Front centre leftor parking aid sender G254 eo
uth ra
sa
- Front left sparking aid sender G255 c

ce
le
un

pt
an
d
itte

All sensors are inserted from the back of the plastic

y li
rm

ab
pe

cover on the front and rear.

ility
S389_012
ot

wit
, is n

h re
hole

How it works

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co
The eight sensors work in the same way as the two
senders for parking assistant steering G568 and rrectness of i

G569. They have a smaller scanning range and S389_010

l purpos

scanning angle, however.

The sensors are placed so that their scanning
nform
ercia

areas are overlapped slightly. There is therefore no

m

“dead” area where obstacles cannot be detected.

a
com

tion in
r
te o

thi

Signal use
s
iva

do
r
rp

cum
fo

en
g

The sensor signals are used both for the park

n

t.
yi Co
op py
distance control and the ParkAssist. The two functions ht. C rig
ht
rig by
py
involve the distance of the vehicle from other objects by co Vo
lksw
cted agen
in the vicinity of the vehicle being measured. Prote AG.

Effect upon failure

All eight sensors are capable of self-diagnosis.

A faulty sensor leads to failure of the whole system.

24
Parking aid button E266 with
parking aid warning lamp K136 AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
byV gu
ara
d The button is in the line of
rise nte buttons above the gear
tho e
au selector next to the parkingoassistant
ra steering
ss c
button. The warning lamp indicates

ce
le
un

pt
an
d

that the function is active when illuminated yellow.

itte

y li
erm

ab
ility
ot p

Signal use

wit
is n

h re
ole,

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

The park distance control (parking aid)

t to the co
is switched on manually with the button.

rrectne
Effect upon failure

ss
If the park distance control fails due to technical faults

o
cial p

f i
in related components, this will be indicated by the

nform
mer

warning lamp flashing.

atio
om

n
c

i
or

n
S389_007, 013

thi
te

sd
iva

o
pr

cum
r
fo

en
ng

i t.
py Co
t. Co py
rig
h ht
rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
Parking assistant steering button E581 with Prote
cted AG.
agen

warning light for parking assistant steering K241

This button is also in the line of buttons above the

gear selector. It is to the right of the button for
deactivating the ESP function. The warning lamp
indicates that the ParkAssist function is active when
illuminated yellow.

Signal use

The parking steering function of the ParkAssist

is switched on manually with the button.

Effect upon failure

If the ParkAssist fails due to technical faults in related

components, this will be indicated by the warning
lamp flashing.
S389_008, 014

25
 Electrical components

Actuators
Rear parking aid warning buzzer H15
Front parking aid warning buzzer H22

The warning buzzer H15 is in the boot at the rear

right. The warning buzzer H22 is to the left of the
steering column near to the control unit for parallel
parking assist.
The park distance control issues acoustic signals via
the buzzer at intervals that inform the driver how far
he is from an object when manoeuvring into a
parking space. If the signal sequence becomes a
continuous sound, this indicates that the smallest safe
distance from the object has been reached or
undershot.

Effect upon failure AG. Volkswagen AG d

agen oes
olksw not
byV Rear parking aid warning buzzerguara S389_071
ed
Both buzzers are covered by the self-diagnosis oris nte
eo
h
ut
system. If one or both buzzers fail, the park distance
a ra
ss c

ce
e

control (parking aid) will no longer be available for

nl

pt
du

an
itte

the respective area in front of or behind the vehicle

y li
erm

ab
and an entry will be in made in the fault memory.

ility
ot p

wit
, is n

h re
The gong that provides information on the
hole

spec
status of the parking steering function is not signalled
es, in part or in w

t to the co
with the buzzer, but with the acoustic output in the
dash panel insert.

rrectness of i
l purpos

nform
mercia

at
om

ion
c

in t
or

his
ate

do
priv

cum
for

en
ng

t.
i
Front parking aid warning buzzer
py Co S389_005
t. Co py
rig
h ht
rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

26
System control unit
Control unit for parallel parking assist J791

The control unit is located above the onboard supply

control unit to the left of the steering column.
As mentioned, it incorporates both the
parking steering function and the park distance
control (parking aid).

The parking aid control unit is omitted if the vehicle is

equipped with the parking steering assist.
If a vehicle is equipped with the park distance control
S389_006 it will only be fitted with the parking aid control unit,
retrofitting the parking steering function is not
normally possible.
AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
byV gu
ara
ed
ris nte
ho eo
aut ra
ss c

ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
itte

y li
erm

ab
ility
ot p

wit
, is n

h re
hole

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co
S389_018

rrectness of i
l purpos

nf
ercia

orm
m

atio
om

n in
or c

thi
te

sd
iva

o
r
rp

cu
o

m
f

en
ng

i t.
py Co
t. Co py
rig
h ht
rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

27
 Functional Diagram

J519
J681

A+
G206 G205 G204 G204 H15 H22

J791

AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
olksw not
y V gu
d b ara
rise nte
tho eo
au ra
ss c

ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
itte

y li
erm

ab
ility
G568 G255 G254 G253 G252 G569
ot p

wit
, is n

h re
hole

spec
es, in part or in w

t to the co
rrectness of i
l purpos

S389_053

G203 Rear left parking aid sender H15 Rear parking aid warning buzzer
nf
ercia

or

G204 Rear centre left parking aid sender H22 Front parking aid warning buzzer
m
m

atio
m

G205 Rear centre right parking aid sender

o

n in
or c

G206 Rear right parking aid sender J519 Onboard supply control unit
thi
te

sd
iva

G252 Front right parking aid sender J681 Terminal 15 voltage supply relay 2
o
r
rp

cu
o

G253 Front centre right parking aid sender J791 Control unit for parallel parking assist
f

en
ng

t.
yi Co
G254 Front centre left parking aid sender Cop py
t. rig
G255 Front left parking aid sender gh A Battery ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
by
G568 Front left sender for the parking assistant S
cted Fuse agen
Prote AG.
steering on left side of vehicle
G569 Front right sender for the parking assistant
steering on right side of vehicle

28
 J533

n AG. Volkswagen AG do
Drive CAN lkswage es n
o ot g
data bus byV ua
d ran
ir se tee
tho
u or
a ac
ss

ce
le
un

pt
an
d
itte

y li
erm

ab
ility
ot p

J791

wit
is n

h re
ole,

spec
urposes, in part or in wh

t to the co

E266 E581
rrectne

Input signal
s

Output signal
s o
cial p

Positive
inform

K136 L76 K241 L76

mer

Earth
atio
m

CAN data bus

o

n
c

i
or

n thi
te

sd
iva

o
pr

cum
r
fo

en
ng

t.
yi Co
op
t. C S389_054 py
rig
gh ht
pyri by
Vo
co lksw
E266 Parking aid button cted
by agen
Prote AG.
E581 Parking assistant steering button

J533 Data bus diagnostic interface

J791 Control unit for parallel parking assist

K136 Parking aid warning lamp

K241 Warning light for parking assistant steering

L76 Button illumination bulb

29
 AG. Volkswagen AG d
agen oes
ksw
Service orised byV
ol not
gu
ara
nte
eo
h
aut ra
ss c

ce
e
nl

pt
du

an
itte

y li
erm

ab
Diagnosis

ility
ot p

wit
, is n

h re
The VAS 5051 vehicle diagnosis, measuring and
hole

spec
information system and the VAS 5052 vehicle
es, in part or in w

t to the co
diagnosis and service information system are
available for the new ParkAssist system.
S389_060

rrectness of i
l purpos

nf
ercia

S395_059 S389_073

orm
m

atio
om

n in
or c

thi
For more detailed information on the procedure and guided fault finding, please refer to chapter 7 of
te

sd
iva

o
the VAS 5051 operating manual.
r
rp

cu
o

m
f

en
ng

i t.
py Co
t. Co py
rig
h ht
rig by
copy Vo
by lksw
cted agen
Prote AG.

Country-specific information
The ParkAssist system needs to be configured This means, for example, that drivers in the United
differently for countries driving on the left than those Kingdom need to set the turn signal to “Right” if they
driving on the right. want to park on the right-hand side of the street.
The setting is made using the left-hand drive/right- By default, the system presumes that you want to park
hand drive coding with the VAS 5051. on the left-hand side of the street if the coding is set to
right-hand drive.
Among other things, the information for parking In Germany, drivers need to set the turn signal to
on the right-hand or left-hand side of the road stored “Left” because the system presumes they want to park
in the control unit for parallel parking assist is on the right-hand side of the street by default due to
swapped over. the left-hand drive coding.

Please ensure that the vehicle is set to the correct coding from LHD to RHD after a stay in countries
that drive on the other side of the road.

30
 Test Yourself

Which answers are correct?

One or several of the answers could be correct.

1. Which statement is correct?

a) The parking steering function takes care of the complete parking manoeuvre fully automatically.
The driver does not need to perform any tasks while parking.

b) The parking steering function only checks the distances from objects in the area around the vehicle during
the parking manoeuvre.

c) The parking steering function takes over the steering when reversing into parking spaces on the left and
right.
The driver still has to operate the brakes, clutch
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c) The steering when driving forward into parking spaces on the right.
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d) The steering when driving forward into parking spaces on the left.
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e) The steering when reversing into parking spaces on the right.

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f) The steering when reversing into parking spaces on the left.

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3. Above which speed does the ParkAssist system cancel the measurement of a parking space and switch
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c) From a speed of 15km/h

Answers: 1. c); 2. a), e), f); 3. b)

31
 389

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© VOLKSWAGEN AG, Wolfsburg

All rights and rights to make technical alterations reserved.
000.2811.84.20 Technical status 01.2007

Volkswagen AG
Service Training VSQ-1
Brieffach 1995
38436 Wolfsburg

❀ This paper was manufactured from pulp that was bleached without the use of chlorine.