SUSTAINABLE

CONSTRUCTION & SYSTEM

Tanti S.R. Nasution

14.12.20
References
Sustainable Construction
Drivers for Sustainability in Construction

Size of the
Construction industry as an industry that has a large amount of transaction
construction can have a large impact upon the sustainability as a whole.
industry

As buildings and infrastructure are a necessity for any modern society,

Product products of the construction industry and their design are important for
achieving sustainable activity in the other economic sector

If the buildings in which people live, work, and shop are designed to be
Behavior sustainable, it is likely that people will find it easier to live a more sustainable
lifestyle in other ways
Sustainability Aspects and Design Factors

Sustainable design, when related to sustainable construction, is

more than producing buildings and structures that have minimal
impact upon global, local, and internal environments. It should also
have regard for the economic and social impacts upon the
communities that will build, use, and maintain that building or
structure.
 Sustainability
Environment
Aspects and
Design Factors

Economic

Social
 • Minimize operationally related

Environment emissions
• Maximize internal comfort
• Minimize embodied energy
contained in materials, energy
Economic in construction, and energy
expanded through maintenance
procedures
• Design to allow for the building
Social to adapt to a changing climate
 • Design for use of local

Environment materials
• Design for low maintenance
• Design to reduce the running
costs of the building or
Economic structure
• Compare the differential cost of
dwelling units with the cost of
the surrounding units
Social • Consider the nature of the
tenure, degrees of shared
ownership, and allowance for
key workers.
 • Ensure comfortable and

Environment healthy interior environment

• Design for ease of construction
to minimize accidents and
injuries
Economic • Strive to design a building or
structure that delights

Social
 Sustainable
construction

Issues related to
construction-related
sustainability

Construction- Site
operations
related and
sustainability organization

Materials
 Energy in the Sustainable Beyond use
process construction issues

Economic,
soc., & env.
Materials Economic
impacts on
impacts on
the region
the region (after completion)
Health and (immediately)
safety

Water Physical
impacts on
the region
(immediately)
 Energy

Building
Noise Information
Modelling
Vibration (BIM)

Site
operations
and
organization
Dust

Pollution
(general)

Biodiversity
Water
 Reduce: limit the amount of
materials

Dealing with Reuse: use materials that

waste: the come from the same site or
3Rs
elsewhere that are fit for
purpose

Recycle: Take materials

through a collection and
sorting process make them
available for processing

Use and
special
requirements Operational
of natural waste,
materials modularizati
on

Site-related
materials Construction
Materials waste
The decision to refurbish a building is more Design for
complex, as the level of refurbishment needs
Sustainable
Refurbishment
to be determined. Retaining a building and

upgrading it for a similar use or reusing it to

perform a different purpose has a number of

advantages and drawbacks.

New buildings can be designed to take into

account future possible refurbishment.

Refurbishment vs
New Build
 Sustainable
Issues Refurbishment:
Domestic Buildings
Social

Most refurbishment also involve a community, and

the plan for decanting and reinstating the occupants
needs to be well thought through

Economic

Refurbishment can tap into local skills and suppliers

in a more effective way. If the refurbished properties
are available as shared ownership, the value of
surrounding properties may be affected.

Environmental

The upgrades of both insulation and building services

can substantially reduce emissions compared to the
original homes
It stems from a range of commercial and
wider client objectives. All buildings
deteriorate, but commercial buildings also
suffer more acute aspects of obsolescence,
both technical and social. The usual weighing
up of whether to demolish or to build needs
to be undertaken, including assessing the
worth of the building in terms of the
economic embodied value and
socioeconomic impacts.
Sustainable
Refurbishment:
Commercial Buildings
Aspects that may persuade
refurbishment:
The ability to phase any retrofit
construction works, allowing the
property to keep the income stream
Reduction in costs and time related to
planning permissions and other fees and
related costs
Reductions in demolition and other site-
related costs
Reduced costs associated with
structural materials
Open Building
Open Building is the term used to indicate a number
of different but related ideas about the making of Open Building
environment, for instance:
• The idea of distinct levels of intervention in the
Concept
built environment, such as those represented by
'support’ (or ‘base building’), and 'infill’ (or ‘fit-
out’). Urban design and architecture also
represent two discrete levels of
decision‐making.
• The idea that users/inhabitants may make
design decisions in their sphere of control, as
well as professionals;
• The idea that, more generally, designing is a
process with multiple participants among whom
are different kinds of professionals;

Source: www.habraken.org in Kendall, n.d.

Open Building is the term used to indicate a number
of different but related ideas about the making of Open Building
environment, for instance:
• The idea that the interface between technical
Concept
systems allows the replacement of one system
with another performing the same function – as
with different fit‐out systems (e.g. from different
suppliers) capable of being installed in a given
base building;
• The idea that built environment is in constant
transformation, and that, as a consequence,
change must be recognized;
• The idea that built environment is the product of
an ongoing, never ending design process in
which environment transforms part by part.

Source: www.habraken.org in Kendall, n.d.

Building Decomposition:
Shearing Layers of Change
Layers of Description Typical Age
Change
Site Geographic background, urban Permanent
location, site determined by
law
Structure Foundation and load-bearing 30 - 300 years
elements
Skin Exterior surface/building About 20 years
cover, façade
Services Electricity, MEP, HVAC, 7-15 years
utilities, etc.
Space plan Interior layout 3 years, may
reach 30 years on
certain cases
Stuff Furniture and equipment Daily or monthly,
less than 3 years

Source: Brand, 1994

Building Decomposition:
Level of Support

Source: Cuperus, 2001

Building Decomposition:
Building Dependency
building

foundation wall etc. roof

rafter + board
brick & mortar window door wall
+ roof tile

brick & mortar

Source: Habraken, 1998

Brand 1994 Slaughter Rush 1986 Duffy 1990 Habraken 1998 Leupen, TBA
2001
Site
Structure Structure Structure Skeleton Structure
Skin Exterior Envelope Shell Skin
enclosure
Services Services Mechanical Services Services
Infill Access
Space plan Interior Scenery Space plan
Stuff finish Interior Set
systems

Source: Schmidt III, Deamer, & Austin, 2011

The experimental project:
NEXT 21 Osaka
Architect: Yoshichika UCHIDA, Shu-Koh-Sha
Architectural and Urban Design Studio
Construction Coordination: Seiichi FUKAO
Design System Planning: Kazuo YATSUMI and Mitsuo
TAKADA
Exterior Façade System: Seiichi FUKAO
Modular Coordination System: Seiichi FUKAO
Owner: Osaka Gas Corporation
Dwellings: 18
Support Construction: Reinforced Concrete Skeleton,
Newly Developed Façade System
Infill Provision: Experimental System
Source: open-building.org
1) A flexible building that allows for the General Design
provision of diverse housing units and that
responds to changes in the lifestyles of
Objectives
occupants within individual units.
2) A building that conserves energy and utilizes
natural resources efficiently.
3) A building that minimizes the deleterious
environmental impact.
4) A building that is flexible in adapting
innovation in building technology.
5) A building that provide spaces in contact with
nature.

Source: Kim, Brouwer, Kierney

1) A structural system that provides flexibility in
Design
locating exterior walls and interior layouts,
and that is organized in module so that
Strategies
various individual units can be harmonized to
form an integrated building.
2) A building energy system that is based on
natural gas as the primary resource.
3) Waste treatment systems and methods that
encourage the reuse and recycling of
resources produced from the building
including solid wastes and gray water.

Source: Kim, Brouwer, Kierney

4) A building assembly method that delineates
Design
building systems into distinct subsystems.
This creates a building that has the flexibility
Strategies
to adapt to future technological changes by
providing for the easy replacement of
subsystems as they become outdated.
5) The creation of a green inner-city oasis for
human occupants as well as for wild birds
and insects.
6) The creation of an open, three-dimensional
street. It further enhances the green effect
by enabling occupants to experience nature
as they move through the building.

Source: Kim, Brouwer, Kierney

Building
Design

Source: Kim, Brouwer, Kierney

Building
Design

Source: Kim, Brouwer, Kierney

Building
Design

Source: Kim, Brouwer, Kierney

Building
Design

Source: Kim, Brouwer, Kierney