INDEX

Sr.
Title Author Subject Page No.
No.

1 ARM’S Length Price : An Overview with Special Reference Dr. Pranam Dhar, Accountancy 1-2
to Indian Mncs Dr. Manideep Chandra

2 Accounting for Intengible Assets : With a Special Dr.Kishor V. Bhesaniya Accountancy 3-4
Reference to Valuation of Goodwil

3 Foreign Trade of India Dr. M. K. Maru Commerce 5-6

4 Scale Validation of TQM Construct in Management Ms. Rachita Sambyal, Commerce 7-8
Education Ms. Preeti Salathia

5 Role of Women Co-Operative Credit Societies in J&K - A Tarsem Lal Commerce 9-10
Study

6 Development of Life Insurance Corporation of India Jitendra Dhirajlal Karia, Commerce 11-12
Dr. (Prof.) Vijay Kumar
Soni

7 Factors Influencing Transportation Mode in Small Dr. Vipul Chalotra, Commerce 13-14
Manufacturing Firms Prof Neetu Andotra

8 Socially Responsible Investments Amola Bhatt, Corporate 15-17

Sweety Shah Governance

9 In Search of between the line "An Actor's way" Dr. Jayant Shevtekar Drama 18-19

10 Play Performance: Directorial Perspective Dr. Sanjay Patil Drama 20-21

11 Quality of Working Life and Job Satisfaction of Dr.A.Shyamala Economics 22-23

Government Hospital Nurses in Bangladesh

12 Special Reference of Poverty : Banjara Community in India Dr.Pawar A. S., Economics 24-26
Naik Priti A.,
Dr. Rathod S. J.

13 Economical Status of Banjara and Dhangar Community in Naik Priti A., Economics 27-29
Marathwada Dr.Pawar A. S.,
Dr. Rathod S. J.

14 Neurocognitive Precept of Constructivism in Science K.Bhaskar, Education 30-31

Education Dr.P.Sivakumar

15 Effectiveness Of Work Card As Self Learning Material On Dr.Ramesh B. Sakhiya Education 32-33
English Grammar Achievement

16 Performance Based Pushover Analysis of R.C.C. Frames Dakshes J. Pambhar Engineering 34-38

17 Artificial Recharge by Using Rainwater Harvesting- A Case H.H. Kanjariya, Engineering 39-41
Study of a Check Dam in Zalod, Dahod Area Prof. A. I. Lalani

18 Assessment of Water Supply at Patan, Gujarat Mrunalini Himatlal Engineering 42-46

Rana, Hitesh H.
Kanjariya

19 Retrofitting of Beam Using Different Material in Self Patel Atit P., Engineering 47-49
Compacting Concrete Elizabeth George

20 A numerical method for simulating discontinuous shallow Roshni Patel, Engineering 48-53
flow over an infiltrating surface Jitendrasinh D. Raol.

21 An Evolutionary Approach to Materialized View in Data Sanket S. Patel, Engineering 54-57

Warehousing Mr. Deepak Dembla

22 Flexible Airfield Pavement Design Using Layered Elastic Purvin A. Patel, H. K. Engineering 58-60
Design Federal Aviation Administration (LEDFAA) Dave, V. R. Patel

23 Study on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel by azole V. Manivannan, Engineering 61-63
derivative, phosphono derivative and bivalent cation N. Chithralekha
24 Traffic Management Plan For Urban-Arterial Road SH-41 Vishal Sathvara, Engineering 64-67
In Mehsana City. Prof. V.R.Patel

25 To Study the Heat Transfer Phenomena in Parallel Plate Mr. S. B. Ranpara, Engineering 68-70
Heat Exchanger Mr. M. V. Vekariya,
Prof. R. N. Makadiya

26 Population Growth Impact on Land Use pattern in S.Indhira Gandhi, Geography 71-72
Hyderabad City using Remote Sensing and GIS Dr. V.Madha Suresh
Techniques

27 Sedimentary structures of the Pinjor Formation exposed in Mahavir Singh Geology 73-75
the type area Pinjor, northwestern Himalaya

28 Severity of Menstrual Problems in Early and Late Dr Kumari Geeta, Home Science 76-79
Reproductive Years Dr Kumud Khanna,
Dr Ranjana Mahna

29 Strategic HR – The Value Adding Partner Mr. Mehul G. Thakkar Human 80-82
Resource
Management

30 An Inclusive Approach of Socio-Economic And Political Manish Parshuram Law 83-84

Justice Under Panchayati Raj Institution Pawar, Dr. Ashok
Shankarrao Pawar

31 Digitization of Broadcasting Materials and its Necessity Jayashree Panda Library Science 85-86

32 An Emerging Perspective with Reference to Value Chain Dr. Ashvin H. Solanki, Management 87-89
Management Dr. Ramesh A. Dangar

33 Advertising effectiveness of Print and Electronic media – A Supriya Tandon Management 90-91
Review of Literature

34 Green Marketing: A Study of Consumer Buying Behavior Prof. Ankit Gandhi, Management 92-95
with regards to Eco-friendly products in Gujarat Dr. Ashvin H. Solanki

35 Perceived relational satisfaction of employees in Dr. P. M. Ferose, Organisational 96-98

Traditional banks of Kerala with their Counterparts Pro.Saji Kuriakose Behaviour
in MNCs, New Generation Banks, IT professionals,
Entrepreneurs and Persons working abroad

36 Ageing Population in India: Its Implications D.Kodandarami Reddy, Social Sciences 99-101
Dr.T.Chandrasekarayya
Volume : 1 | Issue : 6 | June 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

Research Paper Economics

Quality of Working Life and Job Satisfaction of

Government Hospital Nurses in Bangladesh

* Dr.A.Shyamala
* Assistant Professor of Economics, M.S.S. Wakf Board College, Madurai
ABSTRACT

The Study was designed with a view to investigating the overall quality of working life (QWL) and job satisfaction, and
performance of the government hospital nurses in Bangladesh. A total number of 63 nurses were selected from three
government hospital on a stratified random sampling basis. The results reveal that there was significant positive correlation
between QWL and job satisfaction. A Significant positive correlation was also found between QWL and performance and,
job satisfaction and performance. QWL had the highest contribution to performance perceptions of QWL and job satisfaction
were significantly higher among the respondents in small organizations than in the large organization. Morning shift nurses
perceived higher QWL and job satisfaction than the night shift nurses. Night shift nurses were suffering from more problems
than the nurses of other shifts.

Keywords : congenial, generalization, job satisfaction, zero deferred management

INTRODUCTION
The concept of quality of working life (QWL) which refers re-
lationship between the worker and work environment, gained
importance since a programme was launched to improve
QWL. General Motors at Terrytown, Newyork in the year
1973. Terrytown has shown that QWL is intimately connected
with the concept of “industrial democracy” so far any attempt
to raise industrial democracy for making workers happy with
their work situation and for ensuring their “sense of participa-
tion”. Workers perception of QWL has to be looked into job
satisfaction is believed to be one important aspect of QWL
and any programme to study QWL should also have a con-
sideration for job satisfaction (Lawler, 1973; Khaleque and
Rahman, 1987).
QWL is relatively a new concept. A good deal of empirical
work on QWL has been conducted in India (Haque, 1992)
Sayeed and inha (1981) found in their study that there was a
significant positive correlation between QWL and job satisfac-
tion. Rahman (1984) in his study of QWL found that education
and income had significant
influence on the overall QWL. Lower educated and lower
income subjects and significantly higher perception of QWL
than the higher educated and higher income subjects. Haque
(1992) found that QWL was positively correlated with job sat-
isfaction. He also found that there was a significant positive
correlation between QWL and performance. Perception of
QWL was significantly higher among the employees of small
organizations than the employees of large organizations .
Hossain (1997) found a significant influence of age, experi-
ence and income on the overall QWL. A positive correlation
was also found between QWL and performance.
gali version of Sinha and Sayeed’s inventory for measuring
Quality of Working Life and the Brayfied-Rothe scale for
measuring Job Satisfaction.
Sinha and Sayeed’s Inventory for measuring QWL: The inven-
tory by Sinha and Sayeed (1980) for measuring QWL con-
sisted of 85 items of which 3 were negative. It was a 7-point
scale. The numerals on the 7-point scale encircled by the re-
spondents were added to give the total overall QWL score. The
higher the total score, the higher the perception of QWL of the
respondent. For the overall QWL inventory alpha coefficient
and split-half reliability were found to be .97 and .93 respec-
tively. The validity of inventory was determined on the basis of
known group method and the investigators claimed that their
QWL inventory had a good amount of discriminatory power as
to discriminate between high and low QWL organizations,
The Brayfield - Rothe Scale: The Brayfield-Rothe scale
(1951) is widely used for measuring overall job satisfaction.
The scale had 18 items. Half of the items were positive and
the other half were negative. Each item was presented in five
point Likert format. The Possible scores ranged from 18 to 90
and 54 was the mid point. Any score on or above 54 indicat-
ed satisfaction and score below 54 indicated dissatisfaction.
Brayfield and Rothe (1951) reported a split- half reliability co-
efficient of .87 between Brayfield-Rothe Scale and Hoppock
Blank (Hoppock, 1935). Khaleque reported a correlation coef-
ficient of .63 between Brayfield - Rothe Scale and J.D.I.
An open ended question was asked to mention two major
problems as faced by the nurses of three shifts separately.
Performance of each of the nurses was taken in terms of per-
centage from the immediate boss.

Since job satisfaction serves as a part of QWL, any pro- RESULTS

gramme or studying QWL of workers should also have a con- To analyse the data F-test, inter correlations, step wise re-
sideration for their job satisfaction status. Findings of Vroom gression and descriptive statistics were applied, and the re-
(1964) and Locke (1976) showed no strong relationship be- sults have been presented in Tables 1 to 5.
tween job satisfaction and job performance. However, Kha-
leque (1979) found a significant positive correlation between Table-1: Two way ANOVA for QWL According to size of or-
job satisfaction and performance. Adaque, (1991) and Hos- ganizations Time of Shifts (N=63)
sain (1995) also found significant positive correlation between
job satisfaction and performance. Sources of Sum of df Mean F P
variation square square
The major instruments used in the present study were Ben- Main effects

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Volume : 1 | Issue : 6 | June 2012 ISSN - 2250-1991

Size of 5013.46 1 2506.73 7.43 <.001 The results of step wise multiple regression are presented in
organizations Table 4. The results reveal that three of the variables were
Time of shifts 3654.89 2 1827.44 5.42 <.01 entered into the equation and the order of inclusion was as
Two-way follows: QWL, job satisfaction and monthly income. As each
interactions 432.83 3 108.21 0.32 N.S. of the additional variable was entered, the multiple R and R
Residual (error) 18216.57 56 337.34 -- -- square increased. This indicates that QWL, job satisfaction
and income were the best set of predictors of performance
Total 27317.75 62 -- -- --
having a combined contribution of about 95 per cent. Allowing
It is observed from Table 1 that though the two-way interac- one of the independent variables to operate, while control-
tion was not significant, both the main effects (i.e. the size of ling the other variables in equation, revealed that it was QWL
organizations and time of shifts) were significant. The signifi- which had the highest contribution to performance followed
cant results suggest that the respondents perception of QWL by job satisfaction and income respectively.
differ according to size of organizations and time of shifts.
Perception QWL scores of the nurses of small hospitals were DISCUSSION
significantly high than those of the nurses of large hospital Since job satisfaction serves as a part of QWL, hence the
and the perception QWL was significantly higher among the rela­tion between QWL and job satisfaction was examined.
nurses of morning shift than the nurses of night shift. The results of the present study reveal that there was a sig-
nificant positive correlation between QWL and job satisfaction
Table-2: Two-way ANOVA for Job Satisfaction According to (see Table 3). Haque (1992) also found a significant positive
Size of Organizations and Time of Shifts correlation between QWL and job satisfaction which is in line
with the present findings.
Sources of variation Sum of df Mean F P
square square
Job satisfaction-performance relationship was investigated
Main effects by many researchers (Brayfield and Crocrett, 1955; Vroom,
Types of organizations 621.80 1 310.91 8.51 <.001 1964; Locke, 1976) with more or less similar findings—a posi-
Time of shifts 366.00 2 183.00 5.04 <.01 tive trend of very weak relationship between the two. Although
popular human relations view is that a satisfied worker is a
Two-way interactions 161.33 3 40.33 1.11 N.S. productive worker. However, the findings of the present study
Residual (error) 1959.71 56 36.66 -- -- are in line with the findings of Khaleque (1979) and Hossain
Total 3108.86 62 -- -- -- (1995) that job satisfaction was significantly correlated with
performance. The results also reveal that among the inde-
It is observed from Table 2 that there was no joint effect (size pendent variables, QWL had the highest contribution to per-
on organizations and time of shifts) on job satisfaction but formance (see Table 4).
responded differed according, to size of organizations and
time of shifts. The perception of job satisfaction was signifi- It was also observed that perception of QWL and job satis-
cantly higher among the nurses of small organizations than faction differed according to size of organizations and time
the nurses of large organization. Job satisfaction perception of shifts (see Tables 1 & 2). The perceptions of QWL and
was significantly higher among the nurses of morning shift job satis­faction were significantly higher among the nurses
than the nurses of night shift. of small organizations than the nurses of large organization.
Schumacher (1973) expressed his view that “small is beauti-
Table-3: Inter-corrections Among Some Major Variables ful” and the observations of later researchers too confirmed
such as Age, Experience, Education, Income, QWL, Job Sat- that workers function better when they work in a small or-
isfaction and Performance ganization or in a small unit Khaleque, 1990; Haque, 1991).
All these findings are in agreement with those of the present
Variable 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 study.
Age X
Experience .67** CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
It may be concluded from the findings of the present study
Education .03 -.05 that there was a significant positive correlation between QWL
Income .34** .68** .01 and job satisfaction. Significant positive correlations were
Job satisfaction -.16 -.21 -.10 .03 also found between QWL and job satisfaction with perform-
QWL -12 -16 -11 .01 .93** ance. QWL had the highest contribution to performance.
These findings point out to the need for taking steps to im-
Performance -.12 -.14 -.09 .05 94** 97** X prove the quality of work life of the hospitals in order to bring
** = P<.01, N.S. Not significant about significant improvements in the satisfaction and per-
formance of their employees.
The results in Table 3 indicate that there were significant posi-
tive correlations between age and experience, age and in- QWL and job satisfaction scores were significantly higher
come experience and income, QWL and job satisfaction, job among the nurses of morning shift than the nurses of any
satisfaction and performance and, QWL and performance. other shift. Afternoon and night shift nurses were facing more
security problem than the nurses of morning shifts. Thus, it is
Table-4: Summary of Step– wise Multiple Regression: De- suggested to keep the hospitals lighted to certain extent and
pendent Variable-* formance allow the nurses to work in small groups. This would provide
the nurses not only a feeling of security but also provide them
Variables in Equation Multiple
R
R
Square F P Beta an opportunity to interact with each other which in turn would
lead to improved and congenial working relationship in the
QWL 96.58 .93 845.94 .001 .97 hospitals.
Job Satisfaction .9736 .94 545.60 .001 .34
Income .9757 .95 389.63 .001 .06

REFERENCES

Brayfield, A.H. and "Employee Attitudes and Employee Performance," | Crockett, W.H.(1955) Psychological Bulletin, 52, 396-424. | Haque, A.B.M.Z.(1992), "Quality
of Working life and Job Satisfaction of Industrial Workers in Relation to Size of the Organization," Bangladesh Journal of Psychological Studies, 2,1, 43-55.Hossain,
J.A. (1997), Quality of Working Life of Industrial Workers in Bangladesh: A Case Study in Greeter Kushtia District, Unpublished Research Monograph, Department of
Management, Islamic University, Bang¬ladesh. | Vroom, V.H. (1964), Work and Motivation, Wiley, New York.

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