ABSTRACT

An Analysis of An Error in Using Direct-Indirect Speech on

Focusing Modals’ Change

By:

MILA KHAIRANI

Registration Number: 0304171011

This research is aimed to analyze the problem in using direct-indirect speech

especially in modals’ change by students of English department, faculty of
Tarbiyah and Teachers Training at State Islamic University of North Sumatera in
the third semester. In this chance the writer make a limitation of the study only
about the change of modals in direct-indirect speech. The object of the research
were 4 classes, PBI-2, PBI-3, PBI-4, and PBI-5. PBI-2 consisted of 40 students,
39 students followed the test, 1 student cannot followed the test because she was
the writer, PBI-3 consisted of 36 students, 12 students followed the test, 24
students did not fill the question, PBI-4 consisted of 44 student, 6 students
followed the test, 38 students did not fill the question, and PBI-5 consisted of 42
students, 8 students followed the test, 34 students did not fill the question.
Therefore, the whole students were 162 students, 65 of them followed and
answered the question, 97 of them did not fill the question. The writer use and
application from Google Form to make some question including the name, the
class, some questions about direct-indirect speech in the change of modals, and
the last is opinion question about the level of difficulty and the reason for the
answer.

Key words: Direct-Indirect Speech, Changes in Modals, 3rd semester of English

Department student in UINSU

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 PREFACE

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim..

Praise be to Allah the one and only God, the Lord of the world the creator
of everything in this universe, who had always blessing and giving the mercies.
Peace be upon and all of sallutation to Rasulullah, who had guided us from the
stupidness to the best one, from the darkness to the lightness.

Thank God, the writer can finished this project on time. This project is
made for doing Advance Structure assignment in Analyzing the Hardest Part in
Grammar, and for this chance the writer make focus in Direct-Indirect Speech in
Change of Modals.

There’s no one who is never made at least one mistake in their life,
included the writer. Even though this paper is made with the function is help
student when understanding about Grammar problem, but the writer also make
mistakes in this project. That’s why all of the critics and suggestions will be
accept happily.

To end this sentence the writer would like to say the honourable and big
thanks for all the person whom supporting the writer when doing this project.

January, 2019

The Writer

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT..................................................................................... i

PREFACE ...................................................................................... ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................ iii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1. Background................................................................................ 1
2. Limitation and Formulation of the Problem .............................. 2
3. The Purpose of the Study ......................................................... 3
4. Significant of the Study............................................................. 3

CHAPTER II THEORITICAL BASIC

1. Definition of Grammar................................................................. 4
2. Direct-Indirect Speech.................................................................. 5
3. The Rules of the Change of Modals............................................... 8
4. The Kinds of Error....................................................................... 11

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

1. Place and Time of Study............................................................... 15
2. Data Source................................................................................. 15
3. Technique Data Collecting............................................................ 15
4. Instrument of Research................................................................. 16
5. Technique Data Analysis.............................................................. 16

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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING
1. The Kinds of Error by Student...................................................... 17
2. The Number of Wrong Answer in Every Question.......................... 17
3. The Frequency of Difficulties in Direct-Indirect Speech.................. 19
4. The Reason of Difficulties............................................................ 20
5. Solution of The Problem............................................................... 20

CHAPTER V CLOSING
1. Conclusion.................................................................................. 21
2. Suggestion................................................................................... 21

REFERENCE .............................................................................. 23

APPENDIX
1. The Questionnaire........................................................................ 24
2. The Opinion Sheet....................................................................... 25

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